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GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER – MANILA INC.
PSSR
(Personal Safety and Social
Responsibility)
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“Global competence comes with Quality Training”
PSSR
Table of Contents
I. Introduction................................................................................... 3
II. Comply with Emergency Procedures........................................... 3-9
III.Observe safe working practice .................................................... 9-22
IV. Comply with emergency procedures ...................................... 22-25
V. Take precautions to prevent
pollution of the marine environment .......................................... 25-35
VI. Contribute to effective human
relationship on board Ship
social responsibility ............................................................. 35-39
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Introduction
The Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities (PSSR) syllabus covers the requirements of the
1995 STCW Convention and Code Chapter VI, sections A-VI/1, A-VI/2, A-VI/3, and A-VI/4. On
meeting the minimum standard of competence in Elementary First Aid, Personal Survival Techniques,
Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities, and Basic Fire Fighting a trainee will be able to perform
under a wide range of conditions.
Upon completion of Section A-VI/1-4, Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities (PSSR), the trainee
will be able to:
 Understand types of Emergencies and actions to take

 Recognize emergency signals in station bill and use of safety equipment
 Know the values of drills and training
 Understand importance of working safe
 Use appropriate escape routes
 Understand effective communication
 Understand importance of precautions prior to entering a confined space
 Recognize when to use Lock-Out/Tag-Out
 Recognize duties regarding pollution prevention
 Understand policies regarding drug and alcohol abuse
 Know the importance of maintaining appropriate employee relations
I. General Safety
A. Definition of Safety
Since safety is the main focus of this course, there is a need to have a common
understanding of the term.
Safety means not the absence of dangers or risks, but the observance of safety policy,
rules and regulations.
Along this line of concept safety, all accidents and dangerous occurrences should
be reported at once to a responsible officer for investigation so that the ship‘s safety
committee can take prompt action where necessary or make suitable recommendation to
the company.
Competence 1: Comply with emergency procedures
Objectives: After the course the expected learning outcome is that the trainee/s ------
1. Complies with established emergency response plans and procedures.

2. Identifies emergency alarm signals
3. Takes correct action in any given emergency situation.
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Ship Familiarization
All crew must bear in mind that working onboard is more hazardous as compared working ashore.
This course gives insight and prepares seafarers to work onboard safely and better prepared to cope
with unforeseen hazardous situations.
All new crew upon joining a vessel must undergo ship familiarization under a responsible officer.
The company
Should design and implement a standard familiarization program for each vessel covering the STCW,
SOLAS, and MARPOL etc. requirement, and incorporating any expanded details specific to that vessel
particular needs.
Basically, however, regardless of the type and size of the vessel, such familiarization program covers
safe working practices, areas of responsibility, departmental standing order and training
requirement to operate specific machinery or undertake specific tasks.
Typically, a standard familiarization program includes the following;

 Ship‘s emergency alarm signals
 Muster stations
 Special duties in an emergency
 Safety signs and symbols
 Location of firefighting equipment
 Lifeboat
 Life craft
As one performs his/her duties and responsibilities, one must think and realizes the
hazards in key areas onboard ship such as;
 Gangways and safety nets

 Main deck
 Holds and hatches
 Forecastle and poop deck
 Windlass, anchors and winches
 Cranes or derricks
 Manifold and deck pipeline system (on a tanker)
 Accommodation
 Bridge
 Engine room
1.4 Nature of shipboard hazards
 Slips, trips and falls due to slippery surfaces or obstructions

 Head injuries due to low doorway entrances, overhead load, falling equipment or material
 Falls through open manholes, unfenced „tween-decks‟, lose or missing gratings.
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 Clothing or fingers getting caught in moving machinery such as grinding wheels, which driven
gears or fly wheel.
 Burns from steam pipes, hot machinery, and welding sparks.
 Eye injuries through chipping, welding or chemical splashes.
 Injuries and sliding/fall of unsecured equipment due to ship movements in rough weather.
 Hazards of extreme weather.

 Lack of oxygen in confined spaces. Presence of hydrocarbon gas or toxic gases inside enclosed
spaces.
 Presence of hydrocarbon gas or toxic gases inside enclosed spaces
 Hazards of chemical used on board.
 Fire
 Collision / Grounding / Flooding / Sinking
 Pirates and stowaways
1.5 Equipment provided onboard to counter hazards;
A. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

1. Safety helmet
2. Safety goggles
3. Gloves (cotton, rubber, leather etc)
4. Safety shoes
5. Face masks and respirators
6. Protective clothing (coverall, apron etc.)
7. Self contained breathing apparatus
8. Safety harness
9. Safety belts
10. Ear protector
Above PPEs does not reduce the hazard and can only protect the person wearing them. Wear
PPEs properly and safely in accordance with the kind of work to be done.
B. Life saving appliances

1. Life jackets
2. Lifebuoys
3. Life-rafts
4. Lifeboats
5. Line-throwing apparatus
6. EPIRBs
7. SARTs
8. Thermal suits
9. Immersion suits
C. Fire fighting appliances
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1. Fire hoses with nozzles
2. Main and fire hydrants
3. Portable and fixed fire extinguishers
4. Fire axe and fireman‘s outfit
D. Medical equipment
1. Resuscitator
2. Stretcher
3. Medicines and medical equipment
E. Oil spill (pollution)
1. Absorbent pads, rolls and oil dispersant
2. Saw dusts, brooms, dust pans shovels and barrels
1.6 Use and demonstration of PPEs
1. Head protection (Safety Helmet)

Safety helmets are most commonly provided as protection against falling objects,
crushing or a sideways blow and chemical splashes. The shell of the helmets is most
commonly provided as protection against falling object, crushing or a sideways blow and
chemical splashes.
2. Safety harness
The harness or suspension when properly adjusted forms a cradle for supporting the protector
on the wearer's head. The crown strap helps absorb the force of impact. They are designed to
permit a clearance of approximately 25mm between the shell and the skull of the wearer.
Safety harness must be worn or used when working on high locations (more than 2 meters
high from the base)
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3. Gloves
The exact/type of glove to be used depends on the kind of work being undertaken or
the particular substance being handled. Leather gloves should generally be used when
handling rough or sharp objects. Heat-resistant gloves should be used when handling hot
objects. Rubber, synthetic or PVC gloves are generally best for handling acids, alkalis, various
types of oils, solvents, chemicals in general and during work on electrical jobs.
4. Face mask, goggles and eye protection
Above PPEs are to be worn depending on the job to be done
1. Gas welding----------------------infra red goggles or mask
2. Electric welding-----------------ultra violet lenses of mask
3. Chemical handling-------------face mask (properly fitted)
4. Exposure to dust/particles---face mask or goggles
5. Chipping---------------------------goggles
5. Ear protection
All persons exposed to high levels of noise, or sound in their respective working places such as
spaces, pump rooms, use of grinders or scaling machines must wear ear protection of a type
recommended or suitable for the particular job or circumstance.
Ear protectors are of two types now being used onboard;
1. Ear muff
2. Ear plug
a. Ear muffs
Provides the most effective form of ear protection. It consists of a pair of rigid cups designed
to completely envelop the ears, fitted with soft sealing rings to fit closely against the head
around the ears.
The ear cups are connected by a spring-loaded headband (or neckband) which ensures that
the sound reduction around the ears are maintained so the ears are well protected.
b. Ear plugs
Ear plugs should NOT be used if ear muffs are available. Ear plugs completely seal the ear
and air cannot enter thus possibly creating vacuum inside and destroys the ear drum.
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6. Respiratory Protection and breathing apparatus
Respiratory protective equipment is essential for protection of the worker when job has to be
done in places where irritated, inhale dangerous or poisonous dust, fumes or gas. There are
two main types of equipment;
a. A respirator that filters the air before it is inhaled.

b. Breathing apparatus supplies air or oxygen from an uncontaminated source.
a. Respirators
Respirator gives protection against dust and aerosol sprays but not against gases. The most
common type of dust respirator is of the oil-nasal type, i.e., half masks covering the nose and
mouth. The positive pressure powered dust respirator incorporates a battery-powered blower
unit, connected to a tube to the facemask to create a positive pressure in the face-piece. The
cartridge-type of respirator consists of a full face-piece connected to an absorbent material
and a special kind of filter.
The canister-type respirator incorporates a full face-piece connected to an absorbent material

contained in a replaceable canister carried in a sling on the back or the side of the wearer.
Respirator provides no protection against an oxygen deficient atmosphere. They should never
be used to provide protection in confined spaces such as tanks, cofferdams, double bottoms or
other similar spaces against dangerous fumes, gases or vapor.
Breathing apparatus is used when entering a space that is known to be, or suspected to be
deficient in oxygen or containing toxic gas or vapor. Breathing apparatus should not be used
underwater unless the equipment is suitable for the purpose and then only in an emergency.
7. Safety Foot Wear
Foot injuries most often result from the wearing of unsuitable footwear (e.g. sandals, slippery
shoes and flip-flops). Injuries are commonly caused by impact, penetration through the sole,
slipping, heat and cruising.
Safety shoes must be worn during working hours. Be sure that the sole of safety shoes is not
slippery and NOT oil absorbent. It must be made that steel is provided on the shoes over the
toes of both feet. Rubberized shoes can also be worn exclusively on electrical works.
Means of communication
a. Telephone
b. Radio
c. VHF
d. INMARSAT
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e. Internet
f. E-mail
Onboard communication
a. Alarm bell
b. Ship‘s whistle
c. Siren
d. Telephone/public address
e. Verbal/messenger
f. Two-way radio/walkie-talkie
g. Body language/signs
8. Working clothes (coverall)
Working clothes provided onboard must be worn in time of work especially during welding
operations and hot objects such as steam pipes or heated fuel oil tanks or pipes. When
wearing coveralls be sure that it is the right size for the wearer. Too tight controls the
agility/movements of the wearer and too loose might be caught by moving objects such as
unguarded gears/wheels.
2. Operations onboard hazardous to the ship and crew
All operations on board ship pose hazard to the health and safety of personnel. Some of these
operations that require utmost care are the following;
A. Working Aloft and Outboard/Over side
1. Personnel working at a height may not be able to give their full attention to the job and at the
same time guard themselves against falling.
2. Personnel under 18 years of age or with less than 12 months experience at sea, should not
work aloft unless accompanied by an experienced person or otherwise adequately supervised.
3. Personnel working aloft (above 2 meters) should wear a safety harness with lifeline or other
arresting device at all times. A safety net should be rigged where necessary and appropriate.
4. Additionally, where work is done over side, buoyancy garments should be worn and a lifebuoy
with sufficient line attached should be kept ready for immediate use.
5. Other than emergency situations, personnel should not work over side while the vessel is
underway. If such work has to be undertaken, lifeboats or rescue boats should be ready for
immediate use. Any such work should be closely monitored/watched by a responsible person.
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6. Before work is commenced near the ship‘s whistle, the officer responsible should ensure that
the power is shut off and warning notices posted on the bridge and in the machinery spaces.
7. Before work is commenced on the funnel, the officer responsible should inform the duty
engineer to ensure that steps are taken to reduce as far as practicable the emission of steam,
harmful gases and fumes.
8. Before work is commenced in the vicinity of radio aerials, the officer responsible should inform
the radio room.
9. Where work is to be done near the radar scanner, the officer on watch should be informed so
that the radar and scanner are isolated.
10. When working aloft, tools and stores should be sent up lowered by line in suitable containers.
11. No one shall place tools where they can be accidentally knocked down and may fall on
someone below, nor should tools be carried in pockets from which they may easily fall.
12. Tools should be handled with extra care when hands are cold and greasy and where the tools
themselves are greasy.
B. Hot Work
Hot work is any work that generates heat or sparks of sufficient high temperature or intensity to
ignite a flammable gas-air mixture such as;
 Welding
 Cutting
 Heating
 Chipping
 Use of some power tools generating heat
 Open flame
 Electric arc
 Continuous sparks
Hot Work Hazards
Some of the dangers or risks that may arise from hot work are the following;
 Fire
 Explosion
 Heat injuries
 Strong light injury
 Shock
Precaution against Fire and Explosion
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a. Before welding, flame cutting or other hot work is begun; the following must be done;
b. Checks should be made that there are no combustible solids, liquids or gases, at below or
adjacent to the area of work, which might be ignited by heat or sparks from the work.
c. Such work should never be undertaken on surfaces covered with grease, oil or other
flammable or combustible materials.
d. Where work is done close or at bulkheads, the remote sides of divisions must be checked for
materials which might ignite, cables, pipelines which might be affected by heat.
e. When welding is to be done in the vicinity of open hatches, suitable screen should be erected
to prevent sparks dropping down hatchways or hold ventilators.
f. Cargo tanks, fuel tanks, cargo holds, pipeline, pumps and other spaces that have contained
flammable substances should be certified as being free of flammable gases before any repair
work is commenced.
g. Pressure of oxygen used for welding must always be high enough to prevent acetylene flowing
back to oxygen line.
h. Back pressure valves must be fitted adjacent to the torch in the oxygen and acetylene supply
lines.
i. Flame arrestors must be provided to the oxygen and acetylene supply lines fitted at the low
pressure side of regulators.
C. Confined spaces
The atmosphere of any enclosed or confined space is potentially dangerous. The space may be
deficient in oxygen and/or contain flammable or toxic fumes, gases or vapours.
Where possible, alternative means of working which avoid entering the space should be found. The
following spaces are considered enclosed or confined spaces;
 Forepeak tanks
 Topside tanks
 Cargo tanks
 Ballast tanks
 Duct keels
 After peak tanks
 Fuel oil tanks
Precautions on Entering Dangerous Enclosed Spaces
The following precautions should be undertaken in entering dangerous enclosed spaces;
a. A competent person should make an assessment of the space and a responsible officer to take
charge of the operation should be appointed.
1. All potential hazards should be identified

2. The space should be prepared and secured for entry.
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3. The atmosphere of the space should be checked.
4. A ―permit-to-work‖ and checklist system should be used.
5. Procedures before and during the entry should be instituted.
6. No one should enter any dangerous space to rescue another person without taking
suitable precautions for his own safety. Not taking these precautions could put his own
life at risk and almost certainly prevent the person he intends to rescue from being
brought out alive.
Pre entry check and evaluation
1. Has the space been segregated by blanking off or isolating all connecting pipelines?
____________________
2. Have valves on al pipelines serving the space been secured to prevent their accidental
opening? ____________
3. Has the space been properly/thoroughly ventilated_________
4. Is adequate illumination provided? __________
5. Is rescue and resuscitation equipment available for immediate at the entrance to the space?
________
6. Has the officer of the watch (bridge, Engine room, cargo control room) been Advised of the
space been agreed and tested? ______________________
7. Has a system of communication between the Person at the entrance and those entering the
space been agreed and tested? _________________________________
8. Are emergency and evacuation procedures Established and understood?
__________________________________
9. Is there a system for recording who is in the space? ____________
10. Are all equipment used of an approved type? ______________
D. Engine room watch keeping and maintenance
Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid accident e.g.
a. Burns through contact with steam pipes, hot surfaces, welding sparks, etc.
b. Head injuries caused by overhead obstructions or falling objects.
c. Slips, trips or falls on decks, from open floor plates and protruding parts.
d. Hearing loss through constant exposure to high decibel noise.
e. Contact with moving parts of machinery such as grinds, wheels, fly wheels, propeller shaft,
etc.
Precautionary Measures
a. Use of protective equipment is absolutely necessary.

b. Accidents can be prevented by good housekeeping and safe working practices.
c. Oil or water leaks should be immediately cleaned.
d. Oil leaks must be repaired immediately.
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e. Oily rags/cotton and other wastes must be properly disposed of in a closed container.
f. Tools should be attended to during work, so that they do not fall of ledges or platforms, and
be properly collected and stowed after work.
g. Guard for moving parts of machinery should be in position and in good condition.
h. Equipment, stores and parts of opened-up machinery should be lashed and secured against
possible movement.
i. All locations of engine room should be adequately illuminated.
j. Bilge wells must be kept clean and dry at all times.
k. Bottom platform gratings should never be left open unless the area is fenced and warning
signs are posted.
l. Access to fire-fighting equipment, escape routes and emergency exits should not be
obstructed by stores or equipment.
m. Proper locking and tagging of machinery under repair to prevent inadvertent starting
n. Proper checks of equipment used for lifting or other purpose prior to use
o. Proper calibration of test equipment
E. Mooring and unmooring
Mooring is the tying up of a ship to a jetty, berth, and pier or with another ship. The lines used to tie
up the ship are known as mooring lines and mooring wires.
1. During mooring and unmooring operations, a sufficient number of personnel should always be
available to ensure a safe operation.
2. A responsible officer should be in charge of each of the mooring parties, and a suitable means
of communication between the responsible officer and the bridge team.
3. All personnel involved in such operation should wear suitable and proper protective clothing.
4. Heaving lines should be constructed with a ―monkey fist‖ at one end.
5. All equipment used in mooring operation should be regularly inspected for defects. Particular
attention should be paid to the risk of oil leaks from winches. The surfaces of bollards, bitts
and warping ends should be clean and in good condition.
6. All lines should be coiled and stowed when not in use.
7. When handling a line which may suddenly come under tension, avoid placing hand in the eye,
particularly it is being placed on a bollard or other device that might trap the head.
8. Never stand in the bight of a line or coil of line.
9. Stay clear of all tight lines. It might become dangerous should it part and recoil.
10. Line that will be used where strength is of primary importance should be closely examined for
deterioration from wear, chemical contact or weathering.
F. Loading and Unloading
Special attention must be observed when loading/unloading
1. Loading or unloading at very high rate.
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2. There is a large tidal range in the port or strong currents.
3. There are strong winds or at berths exposed to open sea.
4. Unauthorized persons are NOT allowed in loading area.
5. All persons must use the offshore side of the deck.
6. Persons are NOT allowed to standby or walk on the ramp of roll-on roll off or car carriers.
7. Containerized hazardous materials/cargoes must be properly labeled, segregated and stowed
onboard.
8. Crew must undergo General Tanker Familiarization (GTF) course before boarding tanker
vessels.
9. Main hazard of tanker cargoes is from gas which could be toxic and flammable.
10. Tanker cargo tanks must be gas inerted before opening.
2 Contribute to effective human relationships onboard ship
Good relationships among the crew members make the life onboard more comfortable, healthy and
happy and less prone to accidents or hazardous situations. Ships with individual differences of crew
members (lack of togetherness) will bring the whole ship in a very dangerous atmosphere.
Best relationship onboard can be obtained by;
a. Everybody onboard must adhere to the company policies. All must follow what is provided in
the SMS and other company policies and instructions.
b. All crew members must perform their respective duties and responsibilities assigned by the
shipboard management.
c. If a crew cannot understand or perform his duties and responsibilities the crew must ask his
shipmates. Avoid pretending to know everything. Always clarify your doubts.
d. All crew must follow the flow of command or authority. Ratings must follow the orders of their
officers and officers must teach their subordinates of their duties and responsibilities.
e. All crew must understand the importance of:
1. Individual needs (computer, clothes, necessities etc.)

2. Social needs (television, video players, chessboards etc.)
3. Ship‘s needs (provisions, spare parts, mooring lines etc.)
4. Company needs. (Manning crew, charterers etc.)
f. Everybody onboard must respect each other individually setting aside the position you are
engaged whether you are an officer or rating, age, culture (place of origin), color, religion etc.
g. One of the things to enhance interpersonal relationship is to have an open communication.
During meetings (tool box or general) suggestions, complaints, observations etc. must be
brought out and be rectified if needed. Everybody must involved him/herself if needed
whether off or on duty.
h. IPR can always be improved continuously by:
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a. introducing yourself (especially if new onboard) learning and understanding the flow
of togetherness;
b. Commitment to duties/responsibilities specially the officers.
c. accepting mistakes and learn improvements,
d. fairness in dealing with others in appraisals and or reporting
e. Self discipline in all. manners onboard
2.2 Team building
A. Organization (team building)
Reasons of building a team
1. Built a safety culture

2. Have a common goal
3. Disseminate proper and effective duties and responsibilities of each crew
4. Stronger bonding and better communications between and among the crew
A team comprises a group of people linked in a common goal. A team conducts tasks that are high
in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks.
A group in itself does not necessarily constitute a team. Teams normally have members with
complementary skills and generate synergy through coordinated efforts which allows each member to
maximize his/her strength and minimizes his/her weaknesses. Team members need to learn how to
help one another, help other members realize their true potentials and create an environment that
allows everyone to go beyond their limitations.
Reminders of being a Leader
1. Leadership is NOT a full authority but it is a system of empowering people.

2. The moment you stop learning you will also stop leading.
3. Learning is an unending journey to one‘s success.
4. I learned 100% but I can only remember and do 80%.
5. Remember that there is no good ship better than its crew.
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6. A leader can delegate work but NOT his/her responsibilities.
7. A good and efficient ‗team‘ must have only one (1) leader.
Being an Officer or leader, having a lot of subordinates and getting a bigger office or responsibility
do not automatically makes you a LEADER. It requires learning and using a whole new set of
behavioral and conceptual skills. Learn how to handle people by knowing first your new
responsibilities and expanding your comfort zones. You must learn how to communicate with
subordinates, superiors and create atmosphere of willingness.
Qualities of a Leader
1. Knowledgeable (you cannot give what you do not have)

2. Resourceful
3. Honest
4. Supportive
5. Eager
6. Assertive
7. Persuasive
8. Initiative
9. Courageous
10. Cooperative
Good characteristics of all Team Members
1. Do not isolate yourself.

2. Everybody is updated.
3. Nobody is perfect. Everybody should accept mistakes and improvements.
4. Do not use your eyes like a horse but should look in all directions and be involved in the team all
the time observing safety not only for yourself but safety of others.
5.There should be no pointing of fingers, mistake of one is the mistake of the team as a whole.
“Teamwork does not happen overnight.”
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Qualities and Essential Elements of a Good Team
1. Human Resources—Complete crew to operate the vessel safely and efficiently
2. Training and Assessment– To modify, improve in order to gain optimum knowledge and
skills to be fully competent on the crew‘s assigned jobs and responsibilities.
3.Leadership—to lead and control a group or team in order to attain safety and quality.
4.Motivation—to counteract any kind of division, discouragement and disunity within a group
or team. (Encouragement)
5.Communication/information-Exchange of ideas, information or orders which involves
effective listening. Effective communication occurs or attained when all parties involved reach
a mutual understanding, not necessarily an agreement but full understanding of what has
been said or discussed of what have to be done.
6.Teamwork—in union there is always strength in attaining only one ultimate goal.
7. Job satisfaction- The work was done efficiently where safety and quality was attained.
Failures of a Team
1. Hidden goals
2. Cultural differences
3. Age gap between team members
4. Religion
5. Communication barriers.
6. Accidents come from BAD habits and attitudes.
7. Housekeeping is cleanliness, orderliness, tidiness, proper filing, good
arrangements and keeping compatible things together.
3. Understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard duties
3.1 Fundamentals of good communication
Good communication is the most essential element of safety and pollution prevention onboard. It
provides system making all crew come closer together and work safely and effective. Effective
communication is also the basic element for a group survival at sea by understanding and analyzing
all the transmitted words, signal, alarms blasts etc.
“Communication” has been derived from the Latin word

'communis' that means 'common'.
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 To ‗communicate‘ means 'to make common' or 'to make known‗
 It is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or

signs.
 Effective communication is a vital factor in conveying individual perception, ideas and plan of
action in a clear and precise manner which is critical in ensuring that team members are on a
common goal or platform.
Means of communication
a. Telephone
b. Radio
c. VHF
d. INMARSAT
e. Internet
f. E-mail
Onboard communication
a. Alarm bell
b. Ship‘s whistle
c. Siren
d. Telephone/public address
e. Verbal/messenger
f. Two-way radio/walkie-talkie
g. Body language/signs
Elements of good communication
a. Sender
b. Receiver
c. Mode of transmission
d. Methods of transmission
e. Barriers of communication
f. Feedback
Barriers in communications
a. Transmitter‘s conceptualization stage

b. Transmitter‘s capability
c. Mode of transmission
d. Media of transmission
e. Receiver‘s capability
f. Receiver‘s understanding of concept
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g. Feedback stage
h. Receipt of feedback by transmitter
i. Interferences
j. Noise
k. Weather
The ability to effectively communicate stems from experience.
Lack of Common Experience

A communicator's words cannot convey the desired meaning to another person unless the listener
or reader has had some experience with the objects or concepts to which these words refer.
"The greatest problem in communication is the illusion that it's been

accomplished."
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Effective Listening Skills
Expressing our wants, feelings, thoughts and opinions clearly and effectively is only half of the
communication process needed for interpersonal effectiveness. The other half is listening and
understanding what others communicate to us.
When listening you should:

1. Listen to understand not to refute (contest, disprove)
2. Be emotionally calm
3. Listen for main ideas
4. Take notes
Barriers to Listening
1. Focusing on a personal agenda.
2. Hearing emotional noise.
3. Criticizing the speaker.
4. Experiencing information overload.
5. Hearing external ―noise‖.
6. Experiencing physical difficulty.
Tools to Become Better at Listening

 Do not interrupt
 Do not judge
 Think before answering
 Be close enough to hear
 Watch non verbal behavior
 Be aware of biases
 Look for underlying feelings
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 Concentrate
 Avoid rehearsing answers while listening

Effects and Consequences of Wrong Communication
1.Wrong/bad communication onboard greatly affects the good relationship among the crew. It
shall affect their own safety and the safety of the ship as a whole. Their work competency will
be affected bringing them to unsafe acts and accident might happen to them or to the vessel
itself. Generally speaking bad communication can affect safety of life and property including
the environmental protection.
2.Wrong communication causes human problems, stress to some, loss of time and resources
and specially the ship‘s or company profits.
4. Comply with emergency procedures
4.1 Emergency
The term emergency refers to a situation of imminent danger that might happen onboard which if
not prevented may result in the following;
a. Loss of life
b. Injury
c. Loss of or damage to property
d. Total or partial loss of the vessel
e. Damage to marine environment
The following emergency situations may occur on board ships;
a. Fire
b. Grounding / Stranding
c. Explosion
d. Man Overboard
e. Collision
f. Foundering
g. Ingress of water / Flooding
h. Heavy weather
i. Oil Spill
j. Main engine, generator engine, Steering, navigational equipment etc.
Emergency Signals/Alarm
There are several alarm systems onboard that can be utilized to advice/ready the crew of a
developing danger and immediately proceed and do their designated emergency duties
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a. Ship‘s general alarm
b. Fire alarm
c. Ship‘s whistle
d. Public address system
Ensure that the implemented emergency procedures are in accordance with the
established plans for emergency situations
Whenever there is a serious or harmful incident that happened suddenly we consider it as

―emergency‖. If this happens onboard, an effective action of the crew themselves must be done
immediately in order to rectify it. This is a general rule onboard as we all know that we cannot be
helped or assisted from anybody except pieces of advice from the shore base personnel especially
when we are at sea. When the ship is in port the initial action must come from the crew themselves
while waiting for any outside assistance.
Shipboard emergency/contingency response plan
This is another type of contingency plan developed by the Owners/master which calls for the
structuring the ship's crew into teams that is more flexible. The basis of the plan is that small and
well-trained teams would tackle any emergency that may arise – fire, explosion, rescue, grounding,
collision, oil pollution, etc. it is acknowledge that no single emergency incident is standard and that
each situation must be properly evaluated before taking remedial action.
a. Bridge team
b. Emergency team
c. Back-up team
d. Medical team
e. Engine room team
4.2 Drills and muster
The structure of the “muster list” includes the following;
a. specific duties allocated to all crew in each kind of emergency

b. respective life boats;
c. members in each team;
d. the different signals in each emergency;
e. The actions to be done in witnessing any kind of emergency.
Drills shall be conducted to familiarize crew with the ship‘s arrangement as well as the location and
operation of appliances to be used in any kind of emergency. It includes the use of the emergency
escape breathing devices and the immediate action to be done upon witnessing emergency
situations.
Actions to be taken on hearing alarms
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As stated above, there are quite a number of emergencies that can be encountered onboard. No hard
and fast rule can be made as to what action should be taken which can handle all the emergencies.
Each one is unique and will require assessment for appropriate action. As a general guide however,
the following should be considered as the immediate actions upon hearing emergency alarms;
a. Attire yourself adequately and properly if needed;

b. Proceed to your designated muster station/group or
c. Take action as per muster list or duty list, or as per Leader‘s instruction.
Fire drill shall include:
a. reporting to station and be ready and take actions as per muster‘s list duties and
responsibilities;
b. starting a fire pump, opening the farthest and the highest fire hydrant maintaining a pressure
of at least 2.7 bars for cargo ships and 3.6 bars for passenger ships;
c. check the completeness/working conditions of the fireman‘s outfit;
d. checking the relevant communication equipment;
e. Proper operation of water/weather tight doors, fire doors, fire dampers ventilation system in
the drill area.
a. Abandon ship drill shall include;

b. summoning of crew and passengers to muster stations;
c. reporting to assigned muster station and prepare duties and responsibilities as written in
the muster list;
d. check that crew and passengers are suitably attired;
e. check that life jackets are properly donned;
f. lowering at least one lifeboat
g. start and operate lifeboat engine including steering system;
h. operation of davits used in life-raft launching;
i. Proper instruction and use of radio life-saving appliances.
NOTE: A mock search must be conducted of missing or crew before abandoning the ship.
Only master or his deputy can give the order to abandon the ship.
4.3 Value and need of drills and training
Every crew member shall participate in at least one abandon ship and one fire drill every
month. Drills of passenger and crew shall take place within 24 hrs. of ship‘s leaving port if
more than 25% of the crew has not participated in such drills onboard that particular vessel in
the previous month. When a ship shall be in service for the first time these drills must be done
before sailing.
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Realistic drills must be conducted regularly for the crew to be fully familiarize where the
equipment are kept, the proper use, the actions to be done in each kind of emergency
perfectly. A rigid assessment must be conducted during drills in order to identify the area that
needs to be improved or perfected.
The conduct of drills and training is of primary importance before the onset of real
emergency situation. It is one way of conditioning the minds of the crew so that they will
be able to respond and cope with real emergencies in the least possible time. There are
three aspects of the need for drills and training;
1. International regulatory requirement of SOLAS, MARPOL and STCW.

2. Operational needs- Proper and effective actions to be done by the crew in any kind of
emergency can only be achieved by regular and realistic drills onboard .
3. Mind setting- By regular and realistic drills, the minds of all crew members shall be set or
focused primarily on emergency cases for their personal protection, cargo, pollution prevention
and safety of the ship as a whole.
5. Take precautions to prevent pollution of the marine environment
Pollution
The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment
(including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effects as harmful to living resources, hazards to
human health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of water
and reduction of amenities.‖
Causes of Marine Pollution
– By products of industry
– Run-off from agricultural pesticides/herbicides
– Effluent discharges from urban areas
– Shipping and maritime activities
Sources of Pollution from Ships
– Accidents
– Shipboard operations
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Accidents and other operations that cause pollution
a. Stranding and collisions

b. Lightening operations
c. Accidental discharge of garbage and sewage
d. Tank cleaning, washing on deck, de-ballasting etc.
e. Accidental discharge of cargoes including jettisoning
f. Other operation onboard like bunkering, loading and
g. discharging of cargoes
Ship Operations which Causes Pollution
– tanker operations
– tank cleaning for repairs and/or dry docking
– discharge of bilge water
– Bunkering/oil transfer
– Deck washing
1.Oil
Oil pollution onboard are coming or as a result from the purification of fuel and lubricating oils as
well as leakages in the machinery spaces, oil spill both on deck and engine room.
One source of oil marine pollution is jettisoning of cargo/fuel.
2.Noxious liquid substances carried in bulk

Sources of this pollution are coming from ballasting, tank cleaning and cargo evaporation. Same
as above pollution of this kind can also happen by cargo jettisoning.
3.Harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form

The main sources of the above pollutant from the vessel to the sea are leakages and spills from
cargoes onboard. As previously stated jettisoning of cargo can also be a source of pollution.
4.Sewage
Sources of sewage pollution are:
a.drainage and other waste from any form of toilets and urinals
b.drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay etc.) via wash basins, tubs and
scuppers located in such premises
c.Drainage from spaces containing living animals or
d.Other waste waters when mixed with the drainages, defined above.
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5.Garbage
These kinds of pollutants are coming from victuals, domestic and operational waste excluding
fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be
disposed of continuously or periodically. Aside from food waste, other pollutants such as bottles,
cartons, plastics, wood, electrical bulbs, expired medicines, flares etc. are also found onboard.
All of these pollutants are prohibited by law to be discharged at sea excepts comminuted food
waste.
6. Air
a. O.D.S. – Accidental discharge of refrigerant

b. NOx- Burning of fuel through the operation of diesel engines
c. SOx- Sulfur content in the fuel used in diesel engine operation
d. VOCs-Vapors from cargoes that evaporated.
7. Ballast water
The pollutant carried or coming from ballast water are the different micro organism living in waters
especially shallow waters, wharfs, piers etc.
Most of ballasting/de-ballasting are done at least 200 nautical miles away from the nearest land or
economic zone of a coastal State at a depth of at least 200 meters.
This kind of water is what we call clean ballast that can be lawfully discharge in port.
8. Noise
Noise pollutants are coming from the operation of machineries such as main engine, generator,
pumps, compressors etc. Some from the noise of equipment such as scaling machine, grinders,
sirens, ship‘s whistle etc.
Effects of operational or accidental pollution of marine environment
a. Create hazards to human health

b. Harm living resources and marine life
c. Damage amenities
d. Interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea/other waters
5.3 International measures for pollution prevention, avoidance and containment of pollutants
a. Contents of MARPOL 73/78

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Annex I --- Regulations for the prevention of pollution by oil
Annex II— Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk
Annex III-- Regulations for prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in
packaged form
Annex IV- Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships
Annex V – Regulations for the prevention of pollution of garbage from ships
Annex VI- Regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ships
b. Segregated ballast (Reg. 18)
Every crude oil tanker of 20,000 tons deadweight and above and every product tanker of 30,000
deadweight and above delivered after June 1 1982 shall be provided with segregated ballast tanks
and shall comply with paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 as appropriate, of this regulation.
The capacity of the segregated ballast tanks shall be determined that the ship may operate safely
on ballast voyages without recourse to the use of cargo tanks for water ballast except as provided for
in paragraph 3 and 4 of this regulation, In such cases, the capacity of segregated ballast tanks shall
be at least such that in any ballast condition at any part of the voyage, including the conditions
consisting of lightweight plus segregated ballast only, the ship‘s draft and trim can meet the
requirements for the safety of the vessel.
This design completely separates the ballast tanks from the cargo oil tanks and therefore prevents
the discharge of oil residues present when ballast water is pumped out of cargo tanks previously
filled with cargo oil.
Clean Ballast Tanks (CBT) on the other hand, are tanks whose ballast has been so cleared that the
effluent does not create a visible sheen or the oil content does not exceed 15ppm.
Double-hull design
Every oil tanker of 5,000 D.W. and above must comply the following:
1. The entire cargo tank length shall be protected by ballast tanks or spaces other than tanks
that carry oil; Wing tanks or space shall extend either for full depth of the ship‘s side or from
the top of double bottom to the uppermost deck, disregarding a rounded gunwale where
fitted. They shall be arranged such that the cargo tanks are located inboard of the molded
line of the side shell plating nowhere less than the distance which is measured at any cross-
section at right angles to the side shell. At any cross-section, the depth of each double bottom
tank or space shall be such that the distance between the bottom of the cargo tanks and
molded line of the bottom shell plating measured at right angles to the bottom shell plating.
Reception facilities
The government of each party to the Convention undertakes to ensure the provision at oil loading
terminals, repair ports, and in other ports in which ships have only residues to discharge, of facilities
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for the reception of such residues and oily mixtures as remain in oil tankers and other ships adequate
to meet the needs of the ships using them without causing undue ship delay.
1. All ports and terminals in which crude oil is loaded into oil tankers where such tankers have
immediately prior to arrival completed ballast voyage of not more than 72 hrs. not more than
1,200 nautical miles;
2. all ports having ship‘s repair yards or tank cleaning facilities;
3. All ports in respect of oily bilge waters and other oil residues that cannot be discharged at sea.
4. all ports and terminals which handle ships provided with the oil residue (sludge) tanks required
by regulation 12
5. All loading ports of bulk cargoes in respect of oil residues from combination carriers which
cannot be discharged at sea.
Sewage disposal
The discharge of sewage into the sea is prohibited, except when the ship is discharging comminuted
and disinfected sewage using a system approved by the administration at a distance of more than 4
nautical miles from the nearest land. Sewage, which is not comminuted or disinfected, can only be
discharged at a distance of more than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land. In any case, the
sewage that has been stored in the holding tank shall not be discharged instaneously, but in a
moderate rate when the ship is en route and proceeding not less than 4 knots.
Garbage management plan/record book
Provided with the Garbage Record Book. Whether as a part of a ship‘s official log-book or otherwise,
shall be in the form specified in this annex.
Each discharge into the sea or to the reception facility, or a completed incineration, shall be promptly
recorded in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of the discharge or incineration by
the officer in charge. Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by the
master of the ship. The entries in the garbage record book shall be at least in English, French or
Spanish. Where the entries are also made in an official language of the State whose flag the ship is
entitled to fly, the entries in that language shall prevail in case of a dispute or discrepancy.
The Garbage Record Book shall be kept every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship
which is certified to carry 15 or more persons engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals
under the jurisdiction of another Party to the Convention and every fixed or floating platform shall be
n board on ship or the fixed or floating platform, and in such a place as to be readily available for
inspection at all reasonable times. This document shall be preserved for a period of at least two
years from the date of the last entry made in it.
NOTE
As per MEPC latest regulation discharge of any kind of waste into the sea is strictly prohibited
EXCEPT comminuted/grounded food waste.
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Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)
The PLAN is made to provide appropriate and standard procedures to be followed by the master and
responsible officers in charge of the ship in times of marine pollution incident.
Effective planning ensures that the necessary actions are taken in a structural, logical, safe and
timely manner. The SOPEP is specific to each ship and will have five sections.
4.1 General information about the ship.

4.2 A list of mandatory reporting requirements in the event of a spill is likely.
4.3 Steps to be taken to control any discharge of oil – the plan should include an action checklist.
4.3.1 SOPEP is intended to assist the crew in dealing with the accidental discharge of oil into the sea
and requires drills as part of emergency planning.
4.3.2 In tankers, Oil Spill is an emergency which merits its own Muster List.
4.4 A list of national and local co-ordination centers together with procedures for coordinating
response actions with shore- based organization.
4.5 Additional information about training and review procedures and other topics.
Pollutants such as oil (Annex I), Noxious Liquid Substances (Annex II), and some types of garbage
(Annex V) may need to be disposed of through shore reception facilities only. These materials are
inherently toxic, or just not degradable, that dumping them to sea, however small, is not an option.
Incineration may sometimes prove impractical especially when dealing with large numbers, and
considering the new strict requirements of Annex VI.
Record Books
Annex I (Oil), Annex II (Noxious Liquid Substances), and Annex V (Garbage), requires ships (as
applicable) to have record books for the said pollutants. Common items to be recorded include the
quantity, location of ship during disposal, date and time, method of discharge/disposal, identify of
tanks (Annex I and II), category of pollutant, signature of responsible officer, etc.
Obligation to report pollution incidents
The master or other person having charge of the ship involved in an incident referred to in article ll of
the Protocol shall report the particulars of such incident without delay and to the fullest extent
possible in accordance with the provisions of this Protocol.
In the event of the ship referred to in paragraph (1) of this article being abandoned, or in the event
of a report from such a ship being incomplete or unobtainable, the owner, charterer, manager or
operator of the ship or their agent shall, to the fullest extent possible, assume the obligations placed
upon the master under the provisions of this protocol.
When report pollution incidents
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A discharge above the permitted level or probable discharge of oil or noxious liquid substances for
whatever reason including those for the purpose of securing the safety of the vessel or for saving life
at sea; or
a discharge or probable discharge of harmful substances in packaged form, including those in freight
containers, portable tanks, road and rail vehicles and ship-borne barges; or damage, failure or
breakdown of a ship of 15metres in length or above
a. Affects the safety of the ship; including but not limited to collision, grounding, fire, explosion,
structural failure, flooding and cargo shifting.
b. Results in impairment of the safety of navigation; including but not limited to, failure or
breakdown of steering gear, propulsion plant, electrical generating system, and essential ship-
borne navigational aids.
c. a discharge during the operation of the ship of oil or noxious liquid substances in excess of
the quantity or instantaneous rate permitted under the present Convention.
Where to report pollution incident
1. Nearest coastal state where the incident took place

2. Owner or operator
3. Charterer
4. Shipper
5. Consignee
6. Insurance company (P&I)
7. Classification society
8. IMO
9. Cleaning company assigned to the vessel
5.4 Pollution by sewage from ships
Sewage pollutants
Sewage pollutants consist of:
1. Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals
2. drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay etc.) via waste basins, wash tubs and
scuppers located in such premises;
3. Drainage from spaces containing living animals; or
4. other waste waters when mixed with the drainages defined above.
Discharge of sewage and its exceptions
The discharge of sewage is prohibited except when the ship is discharging comminuted and
disinfected sewage using a system approved by the Administration at a distance of more than 3
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nautical miles from the nearest land, or sewage not comminuted or disinfected at a distance of more
than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land provided that it shall not be discharged instantaneously
but at a moderate rate when the ship is enroute and proceeding not less than 4 knots.
This regulation shall not apply to:
1.The discharge of sewage necessary for the purpose of securing the safety of the ship and
those onboard; or
2.The discharge of sewage resulting from damage to a ship or its if all reasonable
precautions have been taken before and after the occurrence of the damage for minimizing
or preventing the discharge.
5.5 Pollution by garbage from ship
Garbage pollutants
Garbage means all kinds of victual, domestic and operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts
thereof generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously
or periodically except those substances which are defined or listed in other annexes.
Disposal of garbage outside/inside special area
As per MEPC resolution discharge of any kind of garbage is prohibited except grounded/comminuted
food waste.
5.6 Control of oil discharge from machinery spaces and oil fuel tanks
Details of oily water separator and oil filtering equipment
Oil filtering equipment shall be of a design approved by the Administration and shall be such as will
ensure that any oily mixture discharge into sea after passing through the system has an oil content
not exceeding 15 parts per million. In considering the design of such equipment, the Administration
shall have regard to the specification recommended by the Organization.
5.7 Contents of oil record book
Purpose of oil record book
The Oil Record Book Part I (cargo vessels) shall be completed on each occasion on a tank to tank
basis if appropriate whenever the following machinery space operations takes place in the ship:
1.ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks

2.discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks
3.collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil residues)
4.Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in
machinery spaces, and
5.Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil.
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5.8 Control of discharge of oil and special area
Special areas
Mediterranean Sea
Baltic Sea
Black sea
Red sea
Persian Gulf
Gulf of Aden
Antarctic Sea
North Sea
Wider Caribbean Region
Methods for the prevention of oil pollution from ships while operating in special areas
Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from ships 400 GRT and above shall be prohibited
except when all the of the following conditions are satisfied:
1.the ship is enroute;

2.the oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of
regulation 14.7 of this annex;
3.the oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per million (PPM);
4.the oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges of oil tankers; and
5.The oily mixture in case of oil tankers is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
5.9 Contents of Annex Vl of MARPOL 73/78
Pollutants to be controlled under Annex Vl
1. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)

2. Sulfur oxide (SOx)
3. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
4. Ozone depleting substances (O.D.S.)
a. Halon 1211
b. Halon 1301
c. Halon 2402
d. CFC 113
e. CFC 114
f. CFC 115
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
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The operation of a marine diesel engine that is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January
2000 and prior January 1 2011 is prohibited except when the emission of nitrogen oxides calculated
as the total weighted emission of NOx from the engine is within the following limits where n=rated
engine speed crankshaft revolution per minute.
a. 17.0 g/KWH when n is less than 130 RPM

b. 45. g/KWH when n is 130 or more but less than 2000 RPM
c. 9.8 g/KWH when n is 2000 RPM or more.
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
The sulfur content of any fuel used onboard ship shall be:
a. 4.5% m/m prior 2012 January 1;

b. 3.5% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and
c. 0.5% m/m on and after 1 January 2012.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
1. If the emissions of VOCs from a tanker are to be regulated in a port or ports or a terminal
or terminals under the jurisdiction of a party, they shall be regulated in accordance with the
provisions of this regulation.
2. A party regulating tankers for VOC emissions shall submit a notification to the Organization.
This notification shall include information on the size of tankers to be controlled, the cargoes
requiring vapour emission control systems and the effective date of such control. The
notification shall be submitted at least six months before the effective date.
3. A party that designates ports or terminals at which VOC emissions from tankers are to be
regulated shall ensure that vapour emission control system, approved by that Party taking into
account the safety standards for such systems developed by the Organization, are provided in
any designated port and terminal and are operated safely and in a manner so as to avoid
undue delay to a ship.
6 Contribute to effective human relationship on board Ship social responsibility
Social responsibility
Throughout history there has been this view of people and organizations in perpetual conflict, but
now we realize that they can live in some degree of mutual interest and harmony. Individuals use
organization as an instrument to achieve their goals just as much as organizations use people
to attain objectives. There is a mutual social transaction in which each benefits the other.
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When an individual is hired by the company to serve on board ship, he brings along with him his total
personality which consists of his physical, intellectual, social, emotional make-up, value system and
likes and dislikes. As a member of the ship‘s crew, he has, along with others, social responsibilities
Social responsibility includes:
1. An awareness of the interdependence of organization, society and the environment.

2. Organization actions passed costs to external society along with their benefits,
3. Organization must function as part of a larger social system because they are, in fact, a part
of one social system.
4. We are all part of one social system and we must act accordingly to these facts.
5. Obedience, respect, discipline, adhere superior‘s orders
6. Abiding by Company‘s policies as laid down in the safety manuals and rules and regulation
governing Flag State requirements and other mandatory regulations.
7. Adhering to the safety and environment protection policy at all times and to assist fellow
seamen in distress, search and rescue operation and oil pollution mitigation operation.
Rights of crew members
1. Rights to his convictions

2. Rights to express his convictions
3. Right to make a request of another as long as he can appreciate that the other has a right
to say no.
4. Right to clarify communications to enhance interpersonal relationships.
Crew’s obligation towards employer
1. Discharge duties and responsibilities in fullest diligence and capacity.

2. Abiding company‘s policies, memorandums, safety manuals instructions etc.
3. Discharge duties and responsibilities to avoid any kind of untoward incident that will off-hire
the vessel
4. To fully abide with the contents of the employment contract.
6.2 Employment conditions, etc.
Employment contracts
Onboard, the rights and obligations of Filipino seafarers can be found in the Standard
Employment Contract of the POEA (Philippine Overseas Employment Administration). In other
words, this document is the primary guideline that can be used for specific matters on rights and
obligations. Some of its contents are the following;
a. Basic pay, overtime and leave pay allotment and remittances

b. Number of months contract
c. Position onboard, hours of work, overtime etc.
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d. Grievance machinery procedures
e. Compensation and benefits for injury or illness and death
f. Termination due to unseaworthiness, ship wreck or sale
g. Disciplinary procedures and respective penalties
6.3 Drugs and alcohol
The use, carriage, and distribution of any drug or alcohol are controlled by international and national
regulations. The punishment for drug trafficking and drug abuse is very severe.
Effects of drug and alcohol abuse
1. Imprisonment 4. Broken family
2. Death 5. Causes accidents
3. Bad health 6. Public enemy
Contributing factors to alcohol and drug abuse onboard:
1. pressure/stress 6. Financial and family problems
2. boredom/seclusion 7. Type of vessel
3. away from family 8. Mixed crew/religion
4. Work fatigue 9. Lack of recreational facilities
5. Climatic variation 10. Regionalism
Physical Symptoms
1. Bloodshot eyes
2. Abnormal skin visualization
3. Tremor of the tongue
4. Hand tremor
5. Nicotine stains
6. Stomach problems such as gastritis
7. Palpitations
8. Reduced muscle performance
9. low back pain
10. hypertension
11. sleep disorders
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Catering staff should have a basic knowledge of food safety and hygiene as they have a
responsibility for ensuring that high standard of personal hygiene and cleanliness of the galley;
pantry and mess rooms are always maintained. In order to ensure proper hygiene on board, the
following guidelines must be observed:
a. There should be no smoking in galleys, pantries, storerooms or other places where food is
prepared.
b. Hands and fingernails should be washed before handling food using
a. 2.1 A dedicated hand basin
b. 2.2 A bacterial liquid soap from a dispenser.
c. 2.3 Disposable towels or hot air dryer
c. It is important to wash hands after using the toilet; blowing your noise, or handling refuse or
contaminated food.
d. All cuts, however, small, should be reported immediately and secure first aid attention to
prevent infection
e. An open cut, burn or abrasion should be covered with a colored waterproof dressing, which
must be changed regularly. Anyone with a specific cut or a boil should stop working with food
until it is completely healed.
f. A person suffering from diarrhea and vomiting which are signs of food poisoning
should not work in food handling areas until medical clearance has been given.
g. Catering staff should wear clean protective clothing when handling food and preparing meals
and should not wear jewelry apart from a plain wedding band.
h. Cleanliness of all food, crockery, linen, utensils, equipment and storage is vital.
i. Cracked or chipped crockery and glassware should be destroyed.
j. Foodstuffs, which may have come into contact with broken glass or broken crockery, should
be thrown away.
k. Raw food should be kept apart from cooked food or food that requires no further
treatment before consumption (milk).
l. As a general rule, fresh fruit and salad should be thoroughly washed in fresh water before
being eaten.
m. It is important to wash hands after handling raw meat, fish, poultry or vegetables.
n. Separate work surfaces, chopping boards and utensils should be set aside for the
preparation of raw meat and must not be used for the preparation of foods, which will be
eaten without further cooking.
o. Ensure all food is kept at the cool temperature to prevent the multiplication of bacteria.
p. Food waste, empty food container and other garbage are major sources of pollution and
disease and should be placed in proper bins.
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Acknowledgement
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Lifeboat-New-Regulation-.jpg
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49c6c2cbfc11.jpg
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http://www.hastingslifeboat.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ilb-plus-27-e1342267452938.jpg
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37
PSSR
HOUSE RULES
To ensure the safety and operations of the Lodging House, the following rules and regulations shall
be strictly followed:
1. Trainees must be inside the classrooms on or before the time stated in their registration form / schedule.
2. Trainees must wear GMTC uniform on the day prescribed. Wearing of sleeveless or without collar tee shirt
is NOT accepted inside the classroom. Likewise, slippers are NOT allowed.
3. All cell phones are switched to silent mode once the trainees are inside the classroom. Call answers should
be made outside the classroom.
4. Conversations inside the class are not permitted except during discussions about the session topic.
Likewise, sleeping trainees will be sent out of the classrooms.
5. Drinking near computers, simulators, training equipment and electrical installations and outlets are NOT
permitted.
6. Deadly weapons, prohibited drugs are NOT allowed inside the building. If caught, GMTC will turn over the
trainee to the nearest police station.
7. Cutting classes will NOT be allowed without prior permission and acceptable reason/s.
8. Fifteen minutes grace period is given to all trainees. Being late for more than fifteen minutes will subject
the trainee to undergo procedures in securing special permit to be signed by the Training Director.
9. Two lates (with more than 15 minutes each) will be dealt accordingly. A trainee shall be asked to process
his / her make-up class schedule.
10. Furniture shall not be removed from the rooms or communal areas without prior permission from GMTC.
11. Air-con units shall be switched on at 6:00am and switched off at 6:00pm.
12. Rooms are to be kept clean at all times. All communal areas such as kitchen, dining and bathrooms must be
left clean and tidy after use.
13. Strict curfew hours will be observed. (2100H). Loitering within the premises will not be allowed after curfew
hours.
14. Smoking is not allowed inside the premises, including rooms. Smoking is only permitted in designated
smoking areas.
15. High noise levels from radios which may disturb others will not be tolerated regardless of the time of the
day or night. Headphones are recommended.
16. Drunken or disorderly, loud behavior will not be tolerated.
17. Consumption of alcohol in all areas is not allowed.
18. Social drinking is not permitted on the premises.
19. Any damages / injuries created by the trainees on GMTC’s property shall be charged to the trainees.
20. At Valenzuela Site, the use of Basketball Court shall only be allowed during break-time and until 17:00H.
In Conforme: ____________________________
(Signature over Printed Name)
38
PSSR
PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IN CASE OF FIRE
1. Do not panic or get nervous. Compose yourself.

2. Follow instructions of Instructors who will guide you in vacating the premises.
3. Do not use the elevator (if there’s any). Use the stairway. Do not rush or push each other.
4. Once outside, distant yourself from the building to free or avoid being caught of fire danger.
5. Be familiarized where GMTC fire extinguishers are installed or kept to extinguish small fires.
PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
1. Do not panic or get nervous. Always compose yourself.

2. Once you feel the quake, cover yourself especially your head with your bag, books, handouts or any hard object
or cover yourself under tables or chairs.
3. Follow instructions of the instructors who will guide you in vacating the premises.
4. Do not use the elevator (if there’s any). Use the stairway. Do not rush or push each other. Go down slowly and
safely.
5. Once outside, distance yourself from the building for your own safety.
39
PSSR

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GLOBE MARITIME TRAINING CENTER – MANILA INC.

 Understand types of Emergencies and actions to take

Competence 1: Comply with emergency procedures

1. Complies with established emergency response plans and procedures.

Typically, a standard familiarization program includes the following;

 Gangways and safety nets

1.4 Nature of shipboard hazards

 Slips, trips and falls due to slippery surfaces or obstructions

 Hazards of extreme weather.

1.5 Equipment provided onboard to counter hazards;

A. Personal protective equipment (PPE)

B. Life saving appliances

1.6 Use and demonstration of PPEs

1. Head protection (Safety Helmet)

4. Face mask, goggles and eye protection

Above PPEs are to be worn depending on the job to be done

1. Gas welding----------------------infra red goggles or mask

2. Electric welding-----------------ultra violet lenses of mask

3. Chemical handling-------------face mask (properly fitted)

4. Exposure to dust/particles---face mask or goggles

Ear protectors are of two types now being used onboard;

a. A respirator that filters the air before it is inhaled.

The canister-type respirator incorporates a full face-piece connected to an absorbent material

7. Safety Foot Wear

8. Working clothes (coverall)

2. Operations onboard hazardous to the ship and crew

A. Working Aloft and Outboard/Over side

Hot Work Hazards

Precaution against Fire and Explosion

Precautions on Entering Dangerous Enclosed Spaces

The following precautions should be undertaken in entering dangerous enclosed spaces;

1. All potential hazards should be identified

Pre entry check and evaluation

D. Engine room watch keeping and maintenance

Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid accident e.g.

a. Use of protective equipment is absolutely necessary.

E. Mooring and unmooring

F. Loading and Unloading

Special attention must be observed when loading/unloading

1. Loading or unloading at very high rate.

2 Contribute to effective human relationships onboard ship

Best relationship onboard can be obtained by;

1. Individual needs (computer, clothes, necessities etc.)

2.2 Team building

A. Organization (team building)

Reasons of building a team

1. Built a safety culture

Reminders of being a Leader

1. Leadership is NOT a full authority but it is a system of empowering people.

1. Knowledgeable (you cannot give what you do not have)

Good characteristics of all Team Members

1. Do not isolate yourself.

“Teamwork does not happen overnight.”

3. Understand orders and be understood in relation to shipboard duties

3.1 Fundamentals of good communication

“Communication” has been derived from the Latin word

 It is the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or

Elements of good communication

a. Transmitter‘s conceptualization stage

The ability to effectively communicate stems from experience.

Lack of Common Experience

"The greatest problem in communication is the illusion that it's been

When listening you should:

Tools to Become Better at Listening