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Description
Description(active tab)
Circuit Diagram
Contributor:
Ganesh Selvaraj
Ever wondered how your Air Conditioner or Heater or Refrigerator adjusts its temperature
automatically? The answer is a Temperature Control System. This article will show
you how to build a model of such temperature control system using minimum
components and without any complex circuit.
First, let us learn few terms.
Control System
Control System is a combination of various physical elements connected in such a
manner so as to regulate/direct/command itself or some other device/system.
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Embedded computers
Hardware
Integrated Circuits
Connectors
Transducers
Circuit Protection
Feedback
Feedback is a fractional part of the past/present output which is fed back to the input. In
case of positive feedback, it is added to the input and if it is negative feedback then it is
subtracted from the input.
Types of Control System
Depending on feedback it is divided into two types:-
1. Open Loop Control System(Feedback is not present)
2. Closed Loop Control System(Feedback is present)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Now we’ll learn how to make a Closed Loop Temperature Control System.
Components Required
1. Temperature Sensor LM35
2. Op-Amp IC (LM324/741)
{ 3. Motor Driver IC L293D
4. Potentiometer-10k
5. DC Toy motor
6. Propeller
7. 7805 Voltage Regulator
8. 100uF Capacitor
9. Multi-meter (Digital one is Preferred)
10. A Breadboard
Description
Basically the circuit switches ON a toy motor fan connected to the motor driver whenever
heat is applied to the temperature sensor unit using say a burning matchstick. The wind
from the motor fan would blow off the matchstick and switches OFF itself automatically.
Here the Temperature is the output to be controlled. A feedback is generated using the
sensor which is fed into comparator which acts as a controller here. And the power is
the input.
The Temperature sensor LM35 is very accurate whose output is directly proportional to
its surrounding temperature. For every 1°C of rise/fall in temperature, the output voltage
of the sensor varies by 10mV.
Setup Instructions:
----> At room temperature, the output of the sensor would be a stable value. Connect the
sensor to the +5V and GND and then measure the voltage at the output pin using a multi-
meter. Note down the value as V1 for further use. In my case I got 0.28 Volts. It is not
necessary that you get the same readings since the value depends on Temperature of
your room, Quality of the sensor, multi-meter, etc.
---> Now apply power to the potentiometer and take readings from the output of it. Adjust
the potentiometer using a screw-driver in such a way that it’s output voltage is slightly
higher than that of the voltage readings obtained from the temperature sensor output pin.
This is your reference voltage V2.
(Note: The higher you set the pot voltage, the lesser sensitive you system would be. I set
it to 0.35 Volts so that I get a quite sensitive system i.e. a system with quicker response
to the temperature variation. If you set it with lesser variation from V1 voltage then the
system would respond even for small temperature changes also and would switch ON or
OFF the fan faster.)
---> Now assemble the other components as per the given circuit. Connect the propeller
to the motor axle to make the fan.
---> Mount the fan firmly on a small plastic or carton box to so that it can rotate freely.
I used electrical tape to attach it to the box since it was a cardboard box.
Position the fan in such a way that when turned ON, it directly blows wind onto the LM35
IC.