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Final Report
Report No: 5b
FINAL REPORT
REPORT No: 5b
Project Team
September 2003
ADB TA 3848 PHI: Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project Final Report
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
The Consultants conducted a survey of Metro Manila’s junkshops to assess the current situation in terms of
the impact on the recycling efforts of the government and non-government sector in compliance with the
Republic Act 9003, better known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The following
information derived from the survey will assist in determining future programs of the government, in particular
the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC).
2. Objective
The objective of the survey was to determine the impact of junkshop operations on the recycling programs as
required in RA 9003. Specifically the survey attempted to determine the following:
a. Purchasing mechanisms
3. Methodology
The implementation and methodology of the survey were discussed during the Technical Working Group
Meeting held on April 1, 2003. The fieldwork commenced on April 2, 2003.
The survey was conducted in the eight (8) cities and municipalities of Metro Manila who are beneficiaries of
the technical assistance of ADB TA-3848. These comprise Manila, Makati, Quezon City, Muntinlupa, Pasig,
Malabon, Navotas, and Valenzuela. Specifically targeted and random sampling was adopted to determine the
number of junkshop participants. Seven questionnaires were distributed to each city for a total of 56
participants or 15% of the total 366 junkshops in the study area. The target respondents were selected at
random. The survey covered 60% of the large junkshops and 40% of the small junkshops. Forty (40)
junkshops owners responded to the survey. The participants were given the questionnaire (Annex 1) to
complete. The LGU SWM Staff and Consultant’s Team jointly administered the survey. Selected interviews
were also conducted with some of the questionnaire participants.
Prices offered by these organizations are very competitive but Linis Ganda has a uniform pricing schedule
issued to all its members but which is not always followed by them. Some members of the Linis Ganda have
higher purchase prices to compete with the higher buying price of the other organizations. (see Annex 2 for a
price list of Linis Ganda). Prices at the recycling plants are approximately 20-30% higher than the prices at
the junkshops.
The building structures of the junkshops surveyed are classified as concrete (permanent) and light
(temporary). Out of the 40 junkshops, 13 junkshops (32%) are constructed of concrete materials and 23 (58%)
are constructed from light materials. Four of the participants did not answer the questions on type of structure.
The general area of the permanent structure ranges from 20-sq. m. to 1,000-sq. m. and, the light ranges from
10 to 3,430 sq. m.
The owners indicated that junkshops could be operated and managed with a capitalization as low as P
3,000.00 to as high as P 200,000.00. See Annex 3, Table 1.
3.1.2 Plastics
Plastics are classified into HDPE (high density polyethylene), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), LDPE (low
density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and HIPS (high-impact polystyrene). Of the 40 junkshops that
participated in the survey, 28 junkshops (70%) are accepting plastic materials that are classified as HDPE, 24
(60%) for PET, 12 (30%) for LDPE, 9 (22%) for PP, and 13 (32%) for HIPS. HDPE includes waste materials
marked as “recycle mark number 2” generated from products like shampoo, cosmetics, motor oil containers,
toothpaste tubes, sand bags, soap dishes, ice cream containers, pallets, food industry crates and food
industry trays. The PETs come from products like mineral water bottles, cosmetic bottles and soft drinks which
are “recycle mark number 1”. LDPE, which is “mark number 4”, consists of clear plastic bags, crop protection
sheets, ice cream container lids and computer covers. PPs are “recycle mark number 5”, consisting of waste
baskets, water basins, car bumpers, egg trays, alcohol bottle caps, cosmetic bottle caps, shampoo bottle
caps, soft drink bottle caps and toothpaste tube caps. HIPS include disposable drinking cups and disposable
spoons, forks, and knives that are” recycle mark number 6”.
The members of Metro Plastic Association Inc. (MPRAI) buy the plastic recyclables from the junkshops.
MPRAI is registered as a non-stock and non-profit corporation under Philippine Law. Currently, the association
has 13 members with an aggregate capacity to process plastics of at least 6,000 metric tons of wastes every
month. The MPRAI has forged a waste exchange program with Metro Manila Linis Ganda, and a
memorandum of agreement with Metro Manila Federation of Environment Multipurpose Cooperative and the
Zero Basura (Garbage) Philippines Movement to assist the government in establishing material recovery
facility (MRF), reuse and recover recyclables from the waste stream.
The prices of plastics range from P1.00 to P7.00 per kilogram. The average quantity of plastics bought per
month by junkshop is 1,700 kgs. HDPE has the highest weight bought between 100 to 6,000 kgs /month, with
an average price of P5.00. See Annex 3, Table 2.
3.1.3 Glass
Glass is generally classified into two groups: the first group includes glass and bottles bought in whole while
the second group consists of broken glass and bottles. Whole empty glass and bottles of soft drinks and
wines are bought at between P 0.50 and P1.50 per bottle while medicine and food bottles are priced at ranges
from P 0.10 to P 0.20 per piece. Broken glass is further sub-divided into coloured broken bottles and white
broken bottles. The price of broken coloured bottles is between P 0.10 to P 0.20 for every kilogram. White
broken bottles are bought at P 0.50 to P1.00 per kilogram. See Tables 3 and 4.
Buyers of both whole and broken bottles are San Miguel Corporation, located in Manila, Pacific Glass
Company, in Mandaluyong; and Republic Glass, in Pasig.
3.1.4 Metals
Metals are grouped into aluminium, scrap metals, copper, alloys, brass fender, washers, GI sheets and zinc.
Copper commands the highest price among the metals recycled at P70.00 per kilo. Aluminium, brass and
alloys are bought within a range of P 30.00 to P 45.00 per kilo. Prices of scrap metals at P1.00 to P4.50 per
kilo, GI sheets at P 0.25 to P1.00 per kilo, washers at P8.00 per kilo, and zinc at P 8.00 to 15.00 per kilo.
The list of buyers of metals recycled, by type and their locations are as follows:
Aluminium Foil
Reynolds Aluminium - Makati
3.1.5 Paper
Paper is categorized into assorted paper, newspaper, cardboard, magazine and office paper. In terms of the
prices of the paper, this varies from P0.30 to P 5.50 with newspaper receiving the highest price and assorted
paper the lowest price. Most of the junkshops surveyed accept assorted paper because it is cheaper to buy.
Every month an average of 2,500 kilos of assorted paper is bought by the junkshops. See Annex 3 Table 7
Aclem - Manila
United Pulp - Makati
Container Corporation - Caloocan
Globe Paper - Malabon
Worldwide - Quezon City
Bataan Paper - Makati
PICOP - Pasig
Trust International Paper Corp. - Pampanga
Only a few junkshops receive cartridges of computers. Their prices range from P3.00 to P15.00 per kilogram.
See Annex 3 Table 8.
3.1.7 Batteries
Only the batteries of motor vehicles are accepted and bought by the junkshops. There are several types of
batteries namely: 1SNF, 1SMF, 2SM, 3SM, 6SM, 2D, 4D, and 8D. Each type of battery has a different pricing.
2SM is the most common battery purchased by the junkshops with price ranging from P50.00 to P70.00.
Type of batteries Price Range Per Piece Ave. No Bought Per Month
1SNF P 10.00 – P45.00 24
1SMF P 20.00 – P45.00 12
2SM P 50.00 - P 70.00 40
3SM P 60.00 – P 90.00 21
6SM P 70.00 – P 130.00 9
2D P 100.00 – P 220.00 5
4D 120.00 – P 240.00 8
8D P 150.00 – P 260.00 5
Most of the survey respondents answered that they practice segregation, proper arrangement of materials,
and display of safety procedures as part of the “undertaking” signed in their application for a permit to operate.
Also, it was observed that operation and management usually seemed in order. But as previously indicated,
there is over capacities and recyclable materials are often stockpiled outside the building on the sidewalk.
Glasses are washed but often drainage is not provided for the wastewater or a septic tank to treat any
wastewater. This is the situation on most of the registered junkshops. On junkshops located at the dumpsite or
along the route the dumpsite, the situation is worst: no sanitation; no safety measures; no sturdy structures,
etc.
Among the eight LGUs surveyed, only Pasig and Muntinlupa have their SWMUs involved in the processing of
permits. Pasig CENRO evaluates the application for a permit based on the result of the ocular inspection and
considers cleanliness and environmental housekeeping as the criteria for issuance of the permit. It also
monitors the junkshop operation every quarter. A NOV (Notice of Violation) is given to a violator of the
undertaking or if a complaint is filed in the office, a task force is created and public hearings are held.
Reprimand is the minimum sanction to closure or relocation of the junkshop as its maximum sanction.
Surprisingly, the SWMUs of big cities like Manila, Quezon City, and Makati, do not have responsibilities,
participation or role in junkshops operation in terms of regulation and control. See table below.
Along the route to Payatas dumpsite, junkshops have proliferated. According to the Operation Manager of
Payatas Dumpsite, the inventory of recyclable materials of the junkshops near and inside the dumpsite is
close to one million pesos. About 2,000 scavengers sell their recovered materials to these junkshops. The
inventory is kept in open areas of the junkyard and sold to middlemen of factory owners.
The situation is also true in Manila, where unregistered junkshops are situated along R-10 road leading to the
“transfer station” at Pier 18.
In May 1995, Smokey Mountain, the famous garbage mountain in Tondo, Manila was officially closed by then
President Fidel V. Ramos. In May 1999, the City of Manila opened a “transfer station” at Pier 18 near Smokey
Mountain. This paved the way for the return of the scavenging activities in the transfer station and there is now
a proliferation of these activities once again.
Employees of both registered and non-registered junkshops are not given standard wages. They receive
salaries below the minimum requirements of the law or they receive allowances on a daily or monthly basis.
They are not paid their SSS, 13th month pay, medical insurance and other benefits enjoyed by regular
employees.
Regulations and control of hazardous waste is under the responsibility of the LGUs as specified in RA 6969. If
hazardous waste finds its way to the junkshop they are reported by the owner to the concerned LGU and
subsequently to the DENR for proper handling and disposal. Most often this is violated, a number of junkshops
operators try to handle hazardous waste with their own men, cleaning or removing the contents to recycle the
containers or, in the case metal containers, make scrap out of them. This practice has sometimes led to
contamination, pollution or accidents in the area.
On January 2003, four acetylene tanks blew up in a junkshop in Sta. Ana, Manila, five persons were injured
and houses destroyed. The cause of the accident was traced to a labourer who lit a cigarette near a leaking
acetylene tank stored within a junkshop. The firewall and steel gate absorbed the brunt of the explosion. The
neighbourhood petitioned for the removal of the junkshop after the incident.
• Stricter imposition of laws or regulations on sanitation, health and safety should be carried out.
• Besides segregation at source, a secondary sorting at the MRF is necessary, thus construction
and operation of a MRF in the barangay or cluster of barangays should be encouraged.
• Separate washing areas should be provided for junkshops receiving glass and bottles,.
• All junkshops must be registered at the local government unit for the purpose of control and
monitoring.
• Junkshops should be equipped with fire extinguishers and first aid kits in case of emergencies.
Annexes:
Annex 3 Tables
a) Plastics
HDPE: ________ ______ ____________ ______ ____________
(Shampoo bottles, cosmetics bottles, toothpaste tubes, sand bags, soap dish, ice containers, pallets, and food industry trays)
b) Glass/Bottles
Soft drink: _____ ____________ _____ _____________ _____
Wine/Liquor: _____ ____________ _____ _____________ _____
Medicine: _____ _____________ _____ _____________ _____
Food: _____ ____________ _____ _____________ _____
Broken
Coloured: _____ _____________ _____ _____________ _____
White: _____ _____________ _____ _____________ _____
c) Metals
Aluminium: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Scrap: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Copper: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Ass. /alloys: ______ _____________ ______ _____________ ______
Brass: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Fender: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Washers: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
GI Sheets: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Zinc: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
d) Paper:
Ass. Paper: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Newspaper: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Cardboard: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Magazine: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
Office Paper: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
e) Textiles
f) Cartridge of Computers
Cartridge: ______ _____________ _____ _____________ ______
h) Other
Specify
8. Do you observe environmental sanitation imposed by the LGU? What environmental management
practices are you implementing in the operation of your junkshop?
Explain expansion plans in terms of types of materials, quantities, area, and equipment.
10. Are you a member of a junkshop organization? If yes, what is the name?
____________________.
1. Background
The Consultant’s Team of MMSWMP under ADB-TA 3838 PHI is conducting a survey of the junkshops in
the 8 selected LGU’s to assess the current situation in terms of its impact on waste recycling efforts of the
government and non- government organizations in compliance with Republic Act 9003, otherwise known
as Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The following information obtained from the survey
will be helpful in determining future programs of the government, in particular the National Sold Waste
Management Commission (NSWMC).
2. Objectives:
To determine the impact of junkshops operations to the recycling programs as required in RA 9003.
Specifically the survey will attempt to find out the following:
a) Purchasing mechanisms
b) Types of materials received
i. Markets
ii. Specifications
iii. Prices
c) Capacities
d) Transportation arrangements
e) Types of building structure
f) Environmental management practices
3. Methodology
The survey will be implemented in the eight (8) participating LGU’s of Metro Manila. Purposive and
stratified sampling will be adopted based on the number of junkshops of the LGU’s; about 5 % of the
junkshops are the target participants. Interviews will be undertaken to the selected samples
4. Implementation Plan
The field survey will be undertaken in 15 days and will be started on March 31 to April 12, 2003.
Annex 3 Tables
1. Glady's Junkshop Lourdes Gladys D. Palinsad Makati segregation concrete warehouse K-JOM
2. J. Victor Scrap Sop Pancho Brana Makati segregation na K-JOM
3. Manzano Junkshop Mauricio Manzano Makati cleanliness improvement Linis Ganda
4. Myrna's Junkshop Myrna Manalo Makati segregation equipment Linis Ganda
5. N.C. Tenorio Trading Pepito Tenorio Makati cleanliness more capital Linis Ganda
6. T. S. Racpan Teodoro Racpan Makati segregation concrete warehouse K-JOM
7. Camilo Junkshop Camilo Maceda Malabon na na No
8. Connie Junkshop Connie Marpil Malabon segregation na No
9. Erning Junkshop Erning Golpo Malabon na na No
10. Joel Junkshop Joel Ranis Malabon na na No
11. Neneth Junkshop Neneth Casa Malabon proper arrangement na No
12. EJS Junkshop Esmer Manila proper order no expansion Linis Ganda
13. MGM Junkshop Mario Magcaling Manila cleanliness larger lot No
14. Prado's Int'l Trading Grp. Margarito Prado Sr. Manila proper order no No
15. Wilson B. Junkshop William Ong Manila sweeping no expansion No
16. A&G Junkshop Pepito Aquino Muntinlupa
17. Letty Junkshop Letty Latayan Muntinlupa na na Linis Ganda
18. Toto's Junkshop Rolando Argana Muntinlupa na na na
19. Triple J junkshop Magno C. Ronggavilla Muntinlupa na na na
20. Zarfuente Teodoro Salazar Muntinlupa fire extinguisher branching Linis Ganda
21. Ely's Junkshop Ely Legraue Navotas orderliness more capitalization No
22. Rhea Junkshop Rhea Victa Navotas na na No
23. Kevin's Junkshop Danilo T. Martin Sr. Navotas proper arrangement more push carts No
24. Filipinas Junkshop Navotas segregation more employees No
25. Pepe Dayao Felipe Dayao Navotas
26. Boy Cruz Junkshop Prudencio O. Cruz Navotas
27. Aniosan Junkshop Johnar Tcheng Pasig segregation go large scale No
28. Boy & Rose Junkshop Rosemarie C. Zapo Pasig segregation expansion of area Linis Ganda
29. Junkshop Citi Armando Z. Rodriguez Pasig cleanliness Linis Ganda
30. R&A Junkshop Delia D. Lim Pasig cleanliness no plan No
31. Ronelca Junkshop Nilda Canales Pasig cleanliness Linis Ganda
32. Big M Junkshop Mherwin Rieza Quezon segregation PLJA
33. Dequito Junkshop Loreto Dequito Quezon Linis Ganda
34. Jhun Junkshop Roberto de Leon Quezon
35. Mario Junkshop Mario Sorio Quezon segregation PLJA
36. Fred Junkshop Fred Francisco Valenzuela proper segregation more space No
37. JR and JB Junkshop Valenzuela cleaning no expansion plan No
38. Mang Jose Junkshop Jose Peralta Valenzuela Na more capital No
39. Linda Junkshop Linda Barbos Valenzuela proper order more space No
40. Pruguldo Junkshop Valenzuela orderliness no expansion plan No
Junk shop, Muntinlupa City Storage room for bottles and cardboard in Junk
Segregation of recycled materials into bottles and shop, Muntinlupa City
cardboard
Segregated tins cans placed outside the Diokno’s Junkshop in Manila where plastic
Junkshop in Manila City materials recovered are stored outside due to
lack of space
Junkshop in Brgy, Payatas, Q.C storing plastic Junkshop along access road to Payatas
materials recovered Dumpsite where cardboard materials are being
prepared for disposition to dealers
Junkshop operated in Valenzuela City inside the Plastic recyclable materials in junkshop inside the
dumpsite where piles of plastics are temporarily Valenzuela dumpsite being readied for transport
stored prior to disposition to dealers to recycling plant