Scenario in English

Based on the increasing trend of dental caries and periodontal

disease cases from year to year, dentist in primary health care
implemented a dental and oral health surveillance program
that has not been done because it does not have an adequate
surveillance system. The dentist used the dental and oral WHO-
stepwise surveillance in that program.

Question
1. What is the meaning of WHO-stepwise?
2. What is the aim of WHO-stepwise?
3. What is the component of oral health information
system?
4. General step in WHO-stepwise?
5. What is Oral instrument WHO-stepwise?
6. Advantage of WHO-stepwise?
7.
Answer
1. What is the meaning of WHO-stepwise?
 It is a surveillance system for chronic disease risk
factors that is designed for low and middle
income countries.
 Is a simple, standarized method for collecting,
analyzing and disseminating data in WHO
member countries. By using the same
standardized question and protocol, all countries
can use WHO-stepwise not only for monitoring
within countries trend but also for making
comparison across countries.
 Include Description of diagnostic criteria that can
be readily understood and applied in public
health program worldwide


2. What is the aim of WHO-stepwise?

 To help countries build and strengthen the
surveillance capacity
 Encourage national oral health survey planner to
stabilized measurement of oral disease and
condition there are important for planning and
evaluation of oral health program
  Gathering information in risk factor for chronic
or non-communicable disease for policy makers
and intervention planning
 Provide chronic disease surveillance system for
low-middle income countries
 To achieve data comparability over time and
between countries

3. What is the component of oral health information

system?
According to oral health information system journal:
 Risk factor surveillance
 Oral health status
 Care and intervention
 Administration of care
 Quality and outcome

4. General step in WHO-stepwise?

Consistent wardrobe approach of ICDAS and it uses
would result in improve compatibility of data
collected nationally and internationally .
According to WHO :
 Questionnaire data
Contains information on self-assessment of
oral condition, oral health practice,
measurement of diet, tobacco used and
alcohol consumption, quality life, and social
position
 Physical measurements
 Biochemical measurement/clinical
For example, Collection of saliva to study its
buffering capacity or microbial assessment
(s. mutans)

 Core items
1. Sociodemography info
2. Tobacco used
3. Alcohol consumption
4. Fruit and vegetables consumption
5. Physical in activity
 Expanded items
1. Smokeless tobacco
2. Binge drinking
3. Oil consumption
4. History of high blood pressure
5. History of diabetes
 Response options for step one, step two
  Coding column used to facilitated data
management
From that 3 steps, there are 3 optional modul
1. Mental health
2. Violence and injuries
3. Oral health

5. What is Oral instrument WHO-stepwise?

Same with question number 4’s answer

6. Advantage and disadvantage of WHO-stepwise?

 Advantage :
1. More flexible to be adapted by each country
2. Can be add in an existing system
3. Standardized method and questionnaires
4. Simpler
5. Intended for people age 25-64 years old and can
be repeated in 2-3 years
6. The ability to manage large amounts of potential
predictor variable, fine tuning the model to
choose the best predictor variable from the
available options.
7. It faster than other automatic model selection
method

 Disadvantage (Depends on every country)

1. Expensive for some countries

2. Take a long time to collect data

3. Difficult for countries which have the Large

number of population