Answer key

2019-2020
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/math/06/QB(2)
Subject: Mathematics Chapter: 06–Applications of derivatives

Sub Topics :Errors and Approximations, Maxima and Minima

1. Let f(x)= x  f ' ( x)  1
2 x
For 26  25  1
Take x0= 25 and h = 1
1 1 1
 f ' ( x0 )     0.1
2 x 2  5 10
0

Using the formula for approximation,

f ( x0  h)  f ( x0)  hf ' ( x0), we have
f (25  1)  f (25)  1 f ' (25)
 f (26)  5  0.1
 26  5.1
2. Let f(x)= x  f ' ( x)  1
2 x
For 0.48  0.49  0.01
Take x0= 0.49 and h = -0.01
1 1 1
 f ' ( x0 )   
2 x 2  0.7 14
0

Using the formula for approximation,

f ( x0  h)  f ( x0)  hf ' ( x0), we have
f (0.49  0.01)  f (0.49)  0.01 f ' (0.49)
1
 f (0.48)  0.7  0.01 
1.4
 0.48  0.7  0.007  0.693
3. Let f(x)= x  f ' ( x)  1
2 x
For 0.24  0.25  0.01
Take x0= 0.25 and h = -0.01
1 1 1
 f ' ( x0 )    1
2 x 2  0.5 1
0

Using the formula for approximation,

f ( x0  h)  f ( x0)  hf ' ( x0), we have
f (0.25  0.01)  f (0.25)  0.01 f ' (0.25)
 f (0.24)  0.5  0.01  1
 0.24  0.49

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4. 1

Let f x   x 4  f ' ( x) 
1
3
4
4x
For 82  81  1
1 1
4 4

Take x0= 81 and h = 1

1 1 1 1
 f ' ( x0 )      0.009
3
4 481
3
4
4  27 108
4x
Using the formula for approximation,
f ( x0  h)  f ( x0)  hf ' ( x0), we have
f (81  1)  f (81)  1 f ' (81)
 f (82)  3  0.009

 82 4  3.009
1

5. Here, y =x4-10 …..(1)

dy
  4x 3
dx

If x is any change in x and y the corresponding change in y; then

x  2, x  1.97  2  0.03,
dy
y  x  4  2 3   0.03  0.96
dx
6. Refer question no 5
7.
Let x  3 and x  0.02  f 3.02  f x  x   3x  x   15x  x   5
2

y  f x  x   f x   f x  x   f x   y  f x   f ' x x
 f 3.02  3x 2  15 x  5  6 x  150.02  33  153  5  330.02  77.66
2

Hence, the approximate value of f(3.02) is 77.66.

8.  
Given f ( x)  sin 2 x  x, x
2 2
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
f ' ( x)  (cos 2 x)2  1  2 cos 2 x  1
For local maxima and minima
f ' ( x)  0
1
2 cos 2 x  1  0  cos 2 x 
2
   
 2x  or   x  ,
3 3 6 6
Now f ' ' ( x)  2( sin 2 x).2  0  4 sin 2 x
    3
At x  , f ' '    4 sin  4.  2 3  0
6 6 3 2

 f (x) is maximum at x=
6

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    3 
Local maximum value = f   = sin   
6 3 6 2 6

At x= - ,
6
      3
f ' '     4 sin    4 sin  4. 0
 6  3  3 2

 f (x) is minimum at x= 
3
  
    3 
Local minimum value= f    sin     
 6   3  6 2 6
9. Let x and y be the dimensions of the rectangular part of window and x be the side of
equilateral part.

If A be the total area of window ,then

3 2
A  xy  x
4
also x  2 y  2 x  12
12  3 x
y
2
 12  3 x  3 2
 A  x  x
 2  4
3x 2 3 2 dA 3
 A  6x   x   6  3x  x
2 4 dx 2
dA 3 12
for max A,  0,  6  3 x  x0 x
dx 2 6 3
d2A 3 12
also 2  3   0 for x 
dx 2 6 3
12 18  6 3
i.e. A is max if x  m, y  m
6 3 6 3

10. Let x and y be the length and breadth of the rectangular window.
Radius of the semicircular opening x/2.
It is given that the perimeter of the window is 20 m

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x  
 x  2y   20  x 1    2 y  20
2  2
  1  
 2 y  20  x 1    y  10  x   
 2 2 4
2
1  x
 Area of the window, A  xy    
2 2
  1   1  x  1   1
2

 A  x 10  x          10 x  x 2      x 2
  2 4  2  2  2 4 8
dA   1 dA 40
  10  x 1     x, for max A , 0 x 
dx  2 4 dx  4
d2A     40
  1     1   0 ( for x  )
dx 2
 2 4 4  4
40 20
 A is max for x  cm and so y  cm
 4  4
40 20
i.e. to admit max light possible length  cm and breadth  cm
 4  4

11. Refer question no 10

12. Let x be the side of the square base and h be the depth of the open tank.Then
V  x 2 h , Where V is constant,
Let cost per sq.m of the material used for constructing tank be Rs.p
The total cost C is given by
 V   4V 
 C  x  x  4 x  h  p   x 2  4 x. 2  p  p x 2 
V
 h  2
 x   x  x
Diff.w.r.t.x
dC  4V 
 p 2 x  2  (Here ,p is a positive constant)
dx  x 
dC
Now for min C, 0
dx
 2 x  2  0  2V  x 3  x  2V  3
4V 1

x
 8V 
2
Also 2  p 2  3   6 p  0 for x  2V 3
d C 1

dx  x 
Therefore, C is least when x= (2V)1/3.
x
i.e. x 3  2V  x 3  2 x 2 h  x  2h i.e. h 
2
For least cost, depth of the tank is half of the side of its square base.
13. Let the length of piece to be turned as equilateral triangle be x cm and the length of the
other piece is (36-x)cm

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x 36  x
 each side of equilatera l   and each side of the square 
3 4
 36  x 
sum of their areas, A  
2
3 x 36  x   3 x 2
2 2

    
 4  4 3 16 36
9 1 9 9 4 3
 36  x  1 
dA 2 3 3
x  x x  x
dx 16 18 2 8 18 2  72 
dA 324
0 x
for min A,
dx 94 3  
d2A 9 4 3 324
  0 for x 
also
dx 2
72 94 3  
324 144 3
i.e. A is min if x  cm and so 36  x 
9  4 3  94 3
cm

14. Refer question no 10

15. A manufacturer can sell x items at a price of Rs .(5-
x
) each .The cost price of x
100
items is Rs.
x
(  500 ). Find the number of items he should sell to earn maximum profit?
5
Let S(x) be the selling price of x items and C(x) be the cost price of x items
 x  x2
S x    5  and C x    500
x
 x  5x 
 100  100 5
x2 24 x x 2
Pr ofit function, P x   S  x   C  x   5 x 
x
  500    500
100 5 5 100
1
P ' x   P ''  x  
24 x
 and
5 50 50
1
P '  x   0  x  240 and P '' 240  
 0 i.e. x  240 is a po int of max imum
50
i.e. manufacturer can earn max imum profit if he sells 240 units.

16. Let P(h,k) be any point on the parabola x2=8y and Q(2,4) be the given point
 h2 = 8k
h2
k= …..(1)
8
Distance between P and Q is
PQ= (2  h) 2  (4  k ) 2 ….. (2)
Putting the value of K in eq (2), we get
2
 h2 
PQ= (2  h)   4   ….(3)
2

 8 

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Squaring both sides, we get
2
 h2 
PQ  (2  h)   4 
2 2

 8 

Let PQ2=f(h)
2
 h2 
 f (h)  (2  h)   4   2

 8 
Differentiate w.r.t.h, we get
 h 2    2h 
 f ' h   2(2  h).( 1)  2 4  . 
 8  8 
h h2  h3

 f (h)  4  2h   4    4 
'

2 8  16
h3
For min PQ , f h  should be min i.e. f h   0  4  0h4 '

16
3h 2
Also f '' h    f '' 4  3  0
16
f is min at h=4 i.e. PQ is min at x=4
Now putting the value of h in eq.(1), we get
4 2 16
k=  2
8 8
Required point=(h,k)=(4,2)

Six mark question

17. Let x and y be the length and breadth of rectangle and R be
the radius of given circle(i.e. R is constant)
In right ABC x 2  y 2   2R   y  4R 2  x 2
2

area of rec tan gle ABCD  xy  x 4R 2  x 2

dA x 2 4R 2  2x 2
  4R 2  x 2 
dx 4R 2  x 2 4R 2  x 2
dA 4R 2  2x 2
For max area 0 0
dx 4R 2  x 2
 x 2  2R 2  x  2 R
 x 
4R 2  x 2  4x   4R 2  2x 2    
4R 2  x 2 
2
dA
 
dx 2 4R 2  x 2  


2x x 2  6R 2 
 4R 
3
2
 x2 2

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
2 2R 2R 2  6R 2   4  0
d2A
at x  2 R 
 4R 
3
dx 2 2
 2R 2 2

i.e. area is max at x  2R  y  4R 2  2R 2  2 R

i.e. when x  y i.e. ABCD is a square.

18. Let S,V,r and h be the surface area, volume, radius of the base and height of the given
cylinder respectively.Then
S  2 rh   r 2 (Given)
[ Cylinder is open at the top]
S  r2
h
2 r
V   r 2h
 S  r2 
  r 2 . 
 2 r 
1
 [ Sr   r 3 ]
2
Diff .w.r.t .r
 S  3 r 2  and
dV 1 d 2V
 3 r
dr 2 dr 2
For max or min,
dV
0
dr
 S  3 r 2  0
S
r
3
d 2V
For this value of r, 0
dr 2
S
V is maximum when r  i.e. S  3 r 2 i.e. 2 rh   r 2  3 r 2  h  r
3
19. Let ABCD be the cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius B=5 3 cm.

OB=5 3 cm.
Let its base radius be r and height h(in cm).Then
OB2= r 2 +OP 2 0
2
h 1
 r 2  (5 3 ) 2     75  h 2 B
2 4 P
 1   h 3

volume of the cylinder , V   r 2h   75  h2 h    75h  
 4   4 
dV  3 
   75  h2 
dh  4 

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d 2V 3 
And   h
 2 
2
dh
dV
For max or min V , 0
dh
3
 75  h 2  0  h 2  100  h  10
4
1
And r 2  75  (10) 2  50
4
For this value of h,
d 2V 3
2
    10  15  0
dh 2
V is max at h=10
Therefore, Max. value of
 1 
V    75  10   10 3 
 4 
 500 cm 3
20. R= radius of the sphere= 12cm Let r be the radius of the base,
h be the height and V be the volume of the cone,
inscribed in the sphere.
From the figure,
r = CA sin  = 12 sin 
h = BD =AD+AB == 12+ CA cos  = 12(1+ cos  )

1 
V   r 2 h  (12sin  ) 2 .12(1  cos  )  576 sin 2  1  cos  
3 3
dV
  576  2sin  cos  1  cos    sin 2    sin   
d
 576 sin   2cos   2cos 2   sin 2  
d 2V
 576  2sin    sin    2cos   cos    2sin   2sin  cos    2cos 3   3sin 2  cos  
d 2

 576  2cos 2   2sin 2   2cos3   7sin 2  cos  

For max. or min.
dV
 0  sin   2cos   2cos 2   sin 2    0
d
 2cos   2cos 2   (1  cos 2  )  0
 3cos 2   2cos   1  0
 (3cos   1)(cos   1)  0
1
 cos  
3
 cos  1  0     ,which is impossible
d 2V
For this value of  , verify  0.
d 2
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1
V is max. when cos  
3
 1
Now, h  121  cos  ) = 12 1    16cm.
 3

21.
Let r and h be the radius and height of the cone respectively
inscribed in a sphere of
radius R.

1
Let V be the volume of the cone. then V   r 2 h
3

Height of the cone is given by,

 AB  h  R
in ABC AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  R 2  r 2  h  R   r 2  2hR  h 2
2

1
 1

 V   2hR  h 2 h   2h 2 R  h 3
3 3


dV 1

  4hR  3h 2 and  d 2V 1
  4 R  6h 
dh 3 dh 2 3
dV 4R
h = R + AB for max V ,  0  4hR  3h 2  0  h 
dh 3
2
4
  4 R  8R  
d V 1 4R
ALSO 2
R  0 at h 
dh 3 3 3
4R 8
i.e. V is max at h  and  r 2  R 2
3 9
1 8  4R 8  4 3 
max V    R 2    R 
3 9  3 27  3 

22. Let V and S be the volume and curved surface area of the right
circular cone of radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’
1 3V
V   r 2h  h 
3  r2
9V 2
S   rl   r h 2  r 2   r  r2
 2r 4
9V 2 dS 2 18V 2
S  2   2 r4
2
  3
 4 2 r 3
r dr r
1
dS 2 9V 2  9V 2  6
for min S , S 2 should be min  0  r 6  2 i.e. r   2 
dr 2  2 

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d 2 S 2 54V 2 54V 2  12 2 r 6
  12 2 2
r 
dr 2 r4 r4
1
d 2S 2  9V 2  6 54V 2  54V 2
at r   2  0
 2 
2
dr 2
 9V 
2 3
 2
 2 
1
 9V 2  6
 S 2 is min i.e. S is min when r   2  i.e.2 2 r 6  9V 2   2 r 4 h 2
 2 
i.e. h  2 r

23. Refer question no – 17

24. Let OC = r be the radius of the cone and OA = h be its height.

Let a cylinder
with radius OE = x inscribed in the given cone (Fig 6.20). The
height QE of the cylinder

is given by
QE EC
  AOC  QEC 
AO OC
QE r  x rx
   QE  h 
h r  r 
  r  x 
Volume of the cylinder , V   x 2  h  
  r 
h 2

r
rx  x 3 
dV  h d 2V  h
  
2rx  3 x and
2
 2r  6 x 
dx r dx 2 r
dV 2r
for max V , 0 x
dx 3
d V h
2
also 2
  2r   2 h  0 for x  2r
dx r 3
 2r 
r 
2r 3 1h
i.e. V is max at x  and  QE  h 
3  r  3
 
 
25. Let r be radius and h be height of a closed right circular cylinder
Total surface area of cylinder S  2 rh  2 r
2

And volume of cylinder =V(say)

 r 2h  V
V
h
 r2

10
 Answer key
2019-2020
Putting the value of h in (1), we get
V
S  2 r  2 r 2
 r2
S  2Vr 1  2 r 2
Differentiate w.r.t. r, we get
dS
 2Vr  2  4 r
dr
dS
For stationary point, 0
dr
 2Vr 2  4 r  0
2V
2
 4 r  4 r 3  2V
r
1
V  V 3
r 3
r  
2  2 
d 2S 4V
 4Vr 3  4  3  4
Now dr 2
r

 d 2S  4V
  2  1
 4  8  4  12  0
=
 dr  r 
v V
3

 2 
2
 Surface area S is minimum at
1
 V 3
r  
 2 
 V  2 r 3
Hence we get
2 r 3
h  2r
 r2
i.e. height=diameter.
26. Let a be the side of the square and r be the radius of the circle; then
P  4a  2 r ( given) ……(1)
Let A be the sum of their areas,
 A  a2   r 2
 P  2 r 
2
[using (1)]
   r
2

 4 
dA  P  2 r    2 
 2. .   2 r
dr  4  4 
  P  2 2 r
  2 r
4
  P   
2
  
    2 r
 4   2 

11
 Answer key
2019-2020
d2A  2
And   2  0
dr 2 2
dA
 For min. area, 0
dr
 P  2 
    2 r  0
4  2 
P
r 4  P
 2  8
2
2
For this value of r, A is min.
 P  2 r  8r  4a  2 r  2 r  8r [Using (1)]
 4a  8r
 a  2r  diameter of the circle.

27. Let h ,r, S and V be respectively the height , radius of base ,total surface area and the
volume of the given closed cylinder.
Then
S  2 r 2
S  2 r 2  2 rh  h 
2 r
And V   r h 2

 S  2 r 2  1
  r2  
  Sr  2 r
3

 2 r  2

dV 1
dr 2

 S  6 r 2 
And
d 2V 1
 [0  12 r ]  6 r.
dr 2 2
Now for max. or min. volume,
dV S
 0  S  6 r 2  r 
dr 6
d 2V
For this value of r, 0
dr 2
S
 V is max. when r =
6
S  2 r 2
6 r 2  2 r 2
And h    2r
2 r 2 r
 Height=diameter of the base.
28. Let OC = r be the radius of the cone and OA = h be its height. Let a cylinder
with radius OE = x inscribed in the given cone. The height QE of the cylinder is given
by

12
 Answer key
2019-2020

QE EC
 sin ce QEC  AOC 
OA OC
QE r  x
 
h r
hr  x 
i.e. QE 
r
2 xhr  x  2 h
 S  2 xQE  
r

r
 
rx  x 2

dS 2 h
r  2 x  and d S2  2 h 0  2   4 h
2

dx r dx r r
2 h
for max or min S ,
dS
0 r  2 x   0  x  r
dx r 2
d S 
2
r   4 h
also 2 
at x    0
dx  2 r
r
 S is max at x 
2

29. Let the length and breadth of the base of the rectangular tank be x m and be y m
respectively. Let Rs.S be the total expense to built the tank.
Here depth ,h=2m, volume=8cu.m
Area of the base= b  xy m2
And area of the four sides = 2(   b )h= 2( x + y )  2= 4( x + y ) m2
Total cost S=70 xy +45  4( x + y )
S=70xy+180( x + y ) …………….(1)
 Volume of tank=8 m 3

bh  8
4
xy  2  8  y  ………………(2)
x
Putting the value of y in (1), we get
4  4
S  70 x   180 x  
x  x
 4
S  280  180 x   …………………(3)
 x
Differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
dS  4 
 0  1801  2 
dx  x 
 4 
= 1801  2  …………………………….(4)
 x 
ds
For least expenses, 0
dx

13
 Answer key
2019-2020
 4
1801  2   0  x 2  4
 x 
x  2
d 2S 8
Now  180 3 
x 
2
dx
 d 2S  8
  2   180     180  0
 dx  x  2 8
 S is least at x=2
 4
 least cost = 280+180  2   [using 3]
 2
=280+720=Rs.1000
30. Given, the length of three sides of a trapezium other
than the base is 10cm,each
i.e. AD = DC = BC = 10cm
Let AO = NB= x cm
 DO  100  x 2

area of trapezium, A 
1
 AB  DC .DO
2

1
10  2 x  10 100  x 2
2
 x  10  100  x 2

  x  10    2 x   100  x 2
dA 1
dx 2 100  x 2

 2 x 2  10 x  100

100  x 2
dA
for max A,  0  2 x 2  10 x  100  0
dx
 x  5 x  50  0
2

 x  5,10  x  5

2

100  x 2  4 x  10   2 x 2  10 x  100   2 x 
d A
 2 100  x 2
dx 2 100  x 
2

d2A 100  52  20  10   30
at x  5   0
dx 2 
100  52  75
 A is max at x  5 and max A  5  10 100  52  15 75  75 3 cm 2

31. Let r be the radius, h be height and v be the volume of cylinder, open at the top.
Total surface area of cylinder
S  2 rh   r 2 …….. (1)
And volume of cylinder(open at the top)
V
V   r 2h  h  ………(2)
 r2
14
 Answer key
2019-2020
Putting the value of h in (1), we get
V
S  2 r. 2   r 2
r
2v
S   r 2 ……………..(3)
r
dS  2V
  2  2 r
dr r
For maximum or minimum surface area, we have
dS 2V
 0  2  2 r
dr r
V  r 3

1
V V 3
r3   r   
  
2
2
d S 4V
Now  2V  3   2  3  2
r 
2
dr r
d S 
2
4V
 2 1   2  4  2  6  0
 dr  r  
 V  3 V
 

1
V 3
 Surface area is minimum at r   
 
 V   r putting V in (2), we get
3

 r3
h hr
 r2
Hence total surface area is minimum when height is equal to radius of the base.

32. Let height of half circular cylinder be h and radius be r.

Total surface area of half circular cylinder
S   rh   r 2  2rh
S    2 rh   r 2 ……………………..(1)
Let given quantity of metal=V
1
 r 2 h  V …………………………….(2)
2
2V
h 
 r2
Putting the value of h in eq (1), we get
S    2 r. 2   r 2
2V
r
2  2V
S   r 2 ………………………….(3)
r
Differentiate w.r.to r, we get
ds  2(  2)V
  2 r ……………………..(4)
dr  r2

15
 Answer key
2019-2020
ds
For stationary point, 0
dr
 2  2V
 2 r  0
 r2
2  2 V
 2 r
 r2
 2 r 3  (  2)V  r 3 
  2V
2
1
   2V 3
r  
  
2

d s 4  2V
2
Now   2
dr 2  r3
4(  2)V
 3
1
 d s     2V    .(  2)V
2
  2  at r      2  4  2  6  0
 dr      2
2

 
1
   2V  3
 Surface area is min. at r =  
  
2

 r
2 3
V 
 2
Now putting the values of V in eq (2), we get
1  2 r3
r h
2

2  2
h 
  length of cylinder : diameter=  :   2
2r   2

33. Let P be any point on the hypotenuse at a distance ‘a’ from the side AB and at a
distance ‘b’ from side CB.
Let CAB   then ACB  90  
Length of hypotenuse   AC  AP  PC A
  MP cos ec  NP cos ec(90   )
 a cos ec  b sec 
M P
d
 a cos ec . cot   b sec  . tan 
d
b sin  a cos  B C
  N
cos  sin 
2 2

b cos   3 a
  tan   
sin  
2
b
d
For maximum or minimum, 0
d

16
 Answer key
2019-2020
1
b cos   3 a  a 3
  tan     0  tan    
sin 2   b b
1
 a 3
   tan   1

b
2
d l
 a cos ec 2 cot   a cos ec 3  b sec 2  tan   b sec 3   0
d 2

1
 a 3
for   tan   as  is acute 1

b
1
a 3
 l is minimum when   tan   1

b
1
a 3
i.e. tan    
b
Minimum length of the hypotenuse
l  b sec   a cos ec
= b 1  tan 2   a 1  cot 2 
2 2
 a 3  b 3
=b 1    a 1  
b a
2 2 2 2

b a3 3
a b3 3
b 2
a 2
3
b a3
2 2 2 2 2 2

 b3 b3  a3  a3 a3  b3
 23
2 2
 2

 b  a  b  a 3 
3 3

 
3
 23 
2 2

  a  b 3 
 
34. The given sphere is of radius R. Let h be the height and r be the radius of the cylinder
inscribed in the sphere.
Volume of cylinder V=  r h ……..(1)
2

In rt OBA
AB2+ OB2=OA2
h2
r2   R2 0
4 ……….(2)
h2 A
r  R 
2 2
B
4
Putting the value of r2 in eq (1), we get

17
 Answer key
2019-2020
 h2 
V    R 2  .h
 4 
 h3 
V    R 2 h  
 4 
dV  3h 2 
   R 2  
dh  4 
dV
For stationary point, 0
dh
 2 3h 2 
  R    0
 4 
2
3h 4R2 2R
R2   h2  h
4 3 3
 6 
2
d V
Now    h
 4 
2
dh
 d 2V   3 2R 
 2      .   0
 dh  h  2 R  2 3
3

2R
Volume is max at h =
3
Max. volume of V
 2 2 R 1 8R3 
  R .  . 
 3 4 3 3 
 2R3 2R3 
    
 3 3 3 
 6 R3  2 R3 
   
 3 3 
4 R 3
 cu.unit
3 3
35. Let x be the side of the square base of the open box and h be its height.Then
Volume of the box, V = x  x  h  x 2h

The surface area of the open box =

a2  x2
x 2  4 xh  a 2  h 
4x
a x  1 2
  a x  x 3 
2 2
V  x 2 h  x 2 .
 4x  4
dV 1
 (a 2  3 x 2 )
dx 4
2
d V 1 3
and 2
 (6 x)   x
dx 4 2

18
 Answer key
2019-2020
For maxima or minima,
dV
 0  a 2  3x 2  0
dx
a2
 x2 
3
a
x
3
d V  3a
2
a
Also 2   0 for x 
dx 2 3 3
a 1 2  a2  x2 
V is max at x  and max value of V  x . 
3 4  x 
 2 a2 
a  
1 a2  3
3
  a cu.units
 .
4 3  a  6 3
 3 
 

36. Let the side of the square to be cut off be x cm. Then, the length and the breadth of the
box will be (18 − 2x) cm each and the height of the box is x cm.
Therefore, the volume V(x) of the box is given by,
V x   x18  2 x 
2

V ' x   18  2 x   4 x18  2 x   18  2 x 18  6 x   129  x 3  x 

2

V '' x   12 9  x   3  x   1212  2 x   246  x 

for max or min V , V ' x   0  x  9,3
x  9 not possible
 x3
V '' 3  246  3  72  0i.
 V is max at x  3
i.e. the side of the square to be cut off should be 3 cm
37. Let the open box with a square base has dimensions a  a  b in metres.
Surface Area of the box = a 2  4ab  27 (Given)
27  a 2
b
4a
Also V= Volume of the box [V=lbh]
=a2b
 27  a 2  1
 a 2.    (27 a  a 3 )
 4 a  4
dV 1
  (27  3a 2 )
da 4
d 2V 1
And  (6a)
da 2 4

19
 Answer key
2019-2020
For max. or min,
dV
0
da
 27  3a 2  0
 a2  9
a3
For this value of a
d 2V 1
 (6  3)  0
da 2 4
V is maximum , when a=3m
27  9 3
From (1), b=  m
12 2
3 27
Max.Volume = 3 2    13.5cu.m
2 2
38. Let r, h, V, α be the radius, height, volume and semi vertical angle of the cone of given
slant height ’l’
1
 V   r 2 h also r 2  h 2  l 2 i.e. r 2  l 2  h 2
3
 V   l 2  h 2 h   l 2 h  h 3 
1 1
3 3

  l  3h  and
d 2V 1
   6h 
dV 1 2
 2

dh 3 dh 2 3
dV l
for max V ,  0  l 2  3h 2  0  h 
dh 3
2
d V l l
also 2
 2  0 for h 
dh 3 3
l l2 l2 2
 V is max at h  i.e. r 2  l 2   2 or r  l
3 3 3 3
2
l
r 3
tan     2 i.e.   tan 1 2
h l
3
39.
Let a cylinder of base radius r and height x is
inscribed in a cone of height h and semi vertical
angle α. Then AB = r and OA=h-h1

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 Answer key
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AB r
In right triangle OAB,  tan    tan 
OA h  h1
 r  h  h1  tan 
V   h1 h  h1  tan 2 
2


.   tan 2  h1  2h.h1  h 2 h1
3 2

dV
dh1

  tan 2  3h1  4h.h1  h 2
2

d 2V
2
  tan 2  6h1  4h 
dh1
dV
for max or min V , 0
dh1
 3h1  4h.h1  h 2  0
2

 3h1  3h.h1  h.h1  h 2  0

2

 3h1  h h1  h   0
h
 h1  h or h1 
3
h
h1  h not possible  h1 
3
d 2V  h
 at h1     tan  2h  4h   2 h tan   0
2 2

dh1  
2
3
h
 V is max at h1 
3
2
 h h 4
and max V   tan   h   2
h 3 tan 2 
 3  3 27
40. Let AB  x, BC  y and AC  z in right angled  ABC right angled at B
 Area of triangle
1
A= xy ….(1)
2
In rt  ABC

x 2  y2  z 2 x 2  y 2  l  x   x  z  l given
2

x 2  y 2  l 2  x 2  2lx
y 2  l 2  2lx.......(2)

Squaring both sides of eq. (1), we get

1 2 2
A2  x y
4

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 Answer key
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1 2 2
A2  x (l  2lx )
4

Let A  f ( x)
2

1 2 2
f ( x)  (l x  2lx 3 ) …..(3)
4

1 2
f ( x)  (2l x  6lx 2 ) …..(4)
4

For stationary point, f ( x)  0

1 2
(2l x  6lx 2 )  0
4

l
2lx (l  3x)  0  x  0, x 
3

l
 x  0 is not possible  x 
3

1 2
now f ( x)  (2l  12lx )
4

1 l
  f x x  l   2l 2  12l. 
3 4 3
 2l l2
 
2
l 2
 2l  4l  2
 0
4 4 2

l
 Area is maximum at x 
3

Putting the value of x , we get

l l
z  lx  l  2
3 3
l
x 1 
 if  is the angle between ABand AC, cos    3   cos
z 2l 2 3
3


Hence required angle=
3

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 Answer key
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41. Any line through P(3,4) is y-4=m(x-3) …..(1)
This meet x-axis (y=0)
4
At A( 3  ,0 )
m
And y-axis (x=0) at B(0,4-3m).
Area of  OAB is
1 4
A=  3  4  3m 
2 m
Diff w.r.t.m
dA 1  4 
dm 2  m 
1
2

  2 4  3m   3  4 (3)
m

8  6m 4  3m 16  9m 2
  3. 
m2 2m 2m 2

Now for max. or min of A

dA 4
 0  9m 2  16  m  
dm 3

d2A 16
Also 2
 3
dm m

4 d2A
When m  , <0  A is max.
3 dm 2

4 d2A
When m   ,  0  A is min.
3 dm 2

 From (1) eq. of the line is

y4 
4
 x  3
3
 3 y  12  4 x  12
 4 x  3 y  24

42. Let ABC be a right angled triangle whose hypotenuse AC=5cm.Then

 AB  5 cos  and BC  5 sin  where BAC  
 A=Area of  ABC

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 Answer key
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1 25 25
  AB  BC  cos  sin   sin 2
2 2 4
dA 25
  cos 2
d 2
d2A
 25 sin 2 .
d 2
dA
for max A , 0
= d
 
 cos 2  0  2   
2 4
d A 2
 
2 
at     25  0  A is max at  
d  4 4
and its max value
25  25
 sin  sq.units.
4 2 4
43. Let Pa cos  , b sin   be the coordinates of one of the vertices of the rectangle
inscribed in the ellipse.
 length of the rec tan le  2a cos 
and its breadth  2b sin 
Area of rec tan gle , A  2a cos  2b sin    2ab sin 2
dA d2A
 4ab cos 2 and  8ab sin 2
d d 2
dA
for max A,  0  4ab cos 2  0  cos 2  0
d
 
 2   
2 4
d A
2
 
2 
at     8ab sin  8ab  0
d  4 2

 A is max at  
4

and max area  2ab sin  2ab sq. units
2

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 Answer key
2019-2020
44.
slope of the tan gent to the curve at any po int, S  

dy 1  x 2  x2 x 


1  x2
dx 1  x2 
2
1  x22
 
dS 1  x

   2 x   1  x .21  x 2 x 
2 2 2 2

dx 1  x  2 4

2 x3  6 x

1  x  2 3

d S 1  x  6 x 2 3
    2 x 
2
2 2
 6  2 x 3  6 x .3 1  x 2

dx 2 1  x  2 6

dS 2 x3  6 x
for max S , 0  0  x  0, 3
dx 1  x2
3
 
 d 2S 
 2   6  0
 dx  x  0
 d 2S  43 18  6 
 2  0
 dx  x   3 46
 S is greatest at x  0  y  0
i.e. the required po int is 0,0 
45. f  x   sec x  log cos 2 x 0  x  2 .
1
f '  x   sec x .tan x  .2 cos x.   sin x 
cos 2 x
f '  x   sec x .tan x  2 tan x
f '  x   tan x  sec x  2  for critical po int s f '  x   0
tan x  0 or sec x  2

 x0 or x
3
f ''  x   sec x.tan x  sec3 x  2sec 2 x
2

 f ''  x   x 0   1  0  f ''  x   x    2.  3   2   2.  2   18  0
2 3 2
and
3


Hence f  x  attains max value at x  0 & min value at x 
3

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 Answer key
2019-2020
46. Let P  x1 , y1  be a point on the parabola y  x 2  7 x  2 which is closest to the straight line
If D be the dis tan ce of po int P from straight line, then
3 x1  y1  3
D
10
3 x1  x12  7 x1  2  3
D  x1 , y1  lies on the curve y  x 2  7 x  2
10
y1  x12  7 x1  2

 x12  4 x1  5
D
10
dD (2 x1  4) dD
 for critical values 0
dx1 10 dx1
 2 x1   4  x1  2
d 2D 2
2
 0
dx1 10
 D is min when x1  2 then y1  4  14  2   8
 required po int on the parabola is  2, 8

47.
B(0, 2 cosecθ)

P (2cosθ, 2 secθ)

A (2 secθ,0)

Let AB be tangent to the circle x 2  y 2  4

which makes intecepts OA and OB on x and y axes respectively,
S  OA  OB
Let  be the angle madeby OP with positive x  axis
 coordinates P   2 cos  , 2sin  
coordinates A   2sec  , 0 
coordinates B   0, 2 cos ec  
S  2sec   2 cos ec 

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 Answer key
2019-2020
ds
  2 sec  .tan   cos ec .cot  
d
ds
for critical po int s 0
d
 2 sec  .tan   cos ec .cot    0
 sin 3   cos3   sin   cos 

 
4
2
d S
Now  2 sec3   tan 2   coesc3  cos ec .cot 2    0
d 2

 
now min value S  2sec  2 cos ec 2 2 2 2 4 2
4 4

48. Let length  breadth  a and height  h

Surface area of cuboid is given by 
S  2 a 2  ah  ha 
 
 2 a 2  2ah .........(1)
Volume of cuboid is given byV  a 2 h
V
h  2
a
 V   2V 
S  2  a 2  2a. 2   2  a 2  
 a   a 
differentiating with respect to a
ds  2V 
 2  2a  2   0  V  a 3
da  a 
2
d s  2V   d 2s 
 4  1     2 0
da 2  a3   da  V  a3
hence surface area is min imum when V  a 3
hence given is cube.

49.

27
 Answer key
2019-2020
sin ce AB  2r is a diameter  c  900 C
hence ABC is right angle triangle.
Let AB  2r AC  a and BC  b
4 r 2  a 2  b 2  b  4r 2  a 2 A B
1 1
Area of ABC  AC.BC  .a. 4r 2  a 2
2 2
1
A  .(4r 2 a 2  a 4 )
4
dA 1 2
 (8r a  4a 3 )  0
da 4
 2r 2  a 2  a  2r
d2A  d2A 
 (2 r 2
 3a 2
)   2 
0
da 2  da a  2r

hence area is max imum when a  2r b  2r

hence ABC is isosceles.

50. A
 DAB    DOB  2 .
 BD  a sin 2 & AD  a  a cos 2  a 1  cos 2 
1
O Area of  ABC  . AD.BC
2θ 2
1
 . AD.2 BD  a 1  cos 2  .a sin 2
C B 2
 1 
A  a 2  sin 2  sin 4 
 2 
dA
 a 2  cos 2 .2  cos 4 .2  2a 2  cos 2  cos 4 
d
dA
 0  2 cos 2 2  cos 2  1  0
d
    or 
1
 cos 2  1 or
2 2 6
   2 is immpossible.
d2A
 2a 2   sin 2 .2  4 cos 4 
d 2

 d 2 A
 d 2    6 3 a2
   6

Hence Area is max imum at   

6

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 Answer key
2019-2020
51. A

E
P

B C
D

DCP   CDP and CEP are congruent.


 APE  1800  DPE  1800  1800       2 
BC  2 DC  2r cot 
AC  AE  CE  r tan 2  r cot 
Perimeter P  BC  AB  AC
 2r cot   2  r tan 2  r cot  
 2r  2 cot   tan 2 
dP
d

 2r 2 cos ec 2  sec 2 2 .2 
 4r  sec 2

2  cos ec 2  0
 sec 2 2  cos ec 2
  2sin   11  sin    0
 
  or   which is not possible
6 2

hence  
6
2
d P
d 2 
 4r 4sec 2 2 .tan 2  2 cos ec 2 .cot   0 

hence perimeter is least when  
6

Least perimeter is P  2r 2 3  3  6 3r 

29