Aplication of polymer

1. 1. APPLICATION OF POLYMER
2. 2. INTRODUCTION OF POLYMER The world polymer is derived from the Greek words :
poly + meros poly = many Meros = parts Polymer is the combination of large no. of
repeating units of monomers. The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a
chemical reaction to three- dimensional network or polymer chain is known as
polymerization.
3. 3. APPLICATION OF POLYMER The polymer industry has grown and diversified into
one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Today, polymer are commonly used in
thousands of products as plastics, elastomers, coating, and adhesives. No wonder
polymer are found in every thing from compact discs to high-tech aerospace application.
4. 4. It is difficult to find aspect of our lives that is not affected by polymer. As polymer
production has grown, so has the number of people who work in this field. Today, it is
estimated that 50 per cent of the chemical engineers and chemists in the united state
work in the polymer industry.
5. 5. APPLICATION OF POLYMER  1- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN SPACE  2-
APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN OCEAN  3- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN
AGRICULTURE  4- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN ELECTRONICS  5-
APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN MEDICAL  6- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN
AUTOMOBILE  7- APPLICATION OF POLYMER CIVIL ENGINEERING
6. 6. Application of polymer in space It is used of construction material in aerospace and
aircraft due to their light weight, high strength and relatively better mechanical, thermal,
electrical and thermo-optical properties than other materials. The polymer are also used
to construct vehicle(space craft) components such as body panel ,vision window,
adhesive, instrument parts etc. Polymer used for these purposes are- PVC, SILICON,
EPOXY FIBERGLASS, NYLON etc. Due to light weight and high strength, in comparison
to other materials like metal. The NASA is also developing Silicon Nanocomposite
coating for airbags to be used on the Mars Exploration Rovers. Because Silicon polymer
reduce the weight of the airbag.
7. 7. PAE-TOR and PAE-COR are used for fire resistance and used in aircraft interior and
electric motor. Boron-fiber-reinforced polymer composite are used in military aircraft
components and helicopter rotor blades. Silicon carbide and aluminum oxide fiber-
reinforced polymers are used in making rocket nose cones. Poly acrylene ether Is used
to resist the corroding effects of atomic oxygen on spacecraft in low earth orbit. High
performance polymers such as polysulfones are used as overhead passenger service
modules on aircraft.
8. 8. Application of polymer in OCEAN Polymers are used as a metal alternative in sea
application because of their excellent properties such as, light weight, no corrosion, high
strength etc. These are used in making boat hulls, pass anger and naval vessels, gas
masks, life boats. Some important polymers and their application include: PVC is used
for making sea water pipes, also fresh water. PMMA used as optical fiber for making
optical glasses which is used under sea. Neoprene is used in making life saving jacket
which are used in marine life. Glass/epoxy composite are used for cargo line. Nylon and
fiber reinforced polymers are used in propeller for ships.
9. 9. Epoxy resin reinforced with keblar fiber are used in making the ull of ship. Because of
this composite is light weight and provide high impact strength and tear resistance.
10. 10. APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN AGRICULTURE Polymer are widely used in the
field of agriculture to improve the physical properties of soil and increase productivity.
These polymers are known as soil conditioner and used for the following purposes in
agriculture: Preventing soil erosion. Reducing irrigation frequency. Increasing water used
efficiency. Increasing plant performance especially in drought.
11. 11. PAM is widely used as a soil conditioner. The liner PAM is used primarily for the
prevention of soil erosion. Cross-linked PAM is used absorb large quantities of water and
release it over time. Gel-forming polymers are used to increase soil water holding
capacity and reduce irrigation frequency. These are also known as water retention
granules. Hydrogels absorb water and release it to the roots of plants therefore increase
 the amount of available moisture in the root zone. Thus it reduce the irrigation frequency.
Hydrogels are also helpful reduce fertilizer leaching. Water-soluble soil conditioner are
improve the physico-chemical properties of soil.
12. 12. APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN ELECTRONICS In general polymer have poor
electrical conductivity, but new polymer material has been synthesized which process
electrical conductivities. Such polymers are called conducting polymer. This process
transforming a polymer to its conductive form via chemical oxidation and reduction called
doping. Application of different polymer including conducting polymer are discussed
below: Organic solar sail produce electricity from sunlight using polymer. Conducting
polymer are used in making organic light emitting diodes Which are used in television
screen, mobile phone digital camera and watches. Conducting polymer are used for
Rechargeable batteries it is alternative to lead- acid batteries.
13. 13. Integrated circuit encapsulation is the design and manufacturing of protective
packages for circuit. LCPs are used in liquid crystal display on digital watches and
television and other digital displays.
14. 14. APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN MEDICAL Dental Application: In 19th century,
gutth-percha was used for filling. In 1909, PMMA was used as artificial teeth filling. In
1930s, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene were prepared in different forms (rigid, soft,
fibers, adhesives, etc) for several applications (filling, implant, sutures, etc).
15. 15. S.No. POLYMER APPLICATIONS 1 Nylon Used in sutures 2 Polyethylene
Disposable syringe 3 Polypropylene Heart valves, blood filters 4 Silicone adhesives
Covering burns and making artificial skin 5 PMMA Making dentures because it can be
color matched to the patient teeth and gum tissu 6 Acrylic hydrogels Grafting 7 P V C
Also Disposable syringe 8 PMMA Used in cosmetic surgery for reducing wrinkles and
scars 9 PHEMA Contact lenses 10 Polyurethane Artificial heart, Heart valves, blood
filters
16. 16. APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN AUTOMOBILE use of polymer in automobile has
increased significantly over the last 100 years. Used are - Instrument Panels - Engine -
Windows - Tires - Body Panels
17. 17. Polymer are widely used in structural components in automobiles due to some
advantages they offer, which are not found in other material. These advantages are
following: Good specific strength and stiffness Part integration Easy of processing Low
density Light weight Relatively low cost flexiblity
18. 18.  Elastomers in Tires  Natural Rubber (NR)  Polyisoprene Rubber (IR)  Styrene
Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - 1.89 billion lbs/yr (1993)  Polybutadiene Rubber (BR) - 1.03
billion lbs/yr (1993)  plastics  Compete with other materials based on:  Weight
savings  Design flexibility  Parts consolidation  Ease of fabrication
19. 19. APPLICATION OF POLYMER CIVIL ENGINEERING The construction industry uses
variety of classic building material like metals, glass, wood, and stone but plastic material
are become increasingly important due to there out standing performance. Construction
applications of plastic include: Pipes and guttering Windows and doors Roofing Sealants
and adhesive Flooring and building panel
20. 20. In civil engineering : Road and sports surface Building reinforced Bridge building
Some application of polymer in building construction: PVC with stabilizers and additives
has been developed for roller shutters, gutters and fences. Polystyrene are used
extensively, primarily in insulation applications: Composite materials are being used for
load bearing in construction applications. Recycled plastic are also being used in a
cement matrices. Polymeric fibers can also used to reinforce cement. Polymer mortars
and concerted are used in applications such as protective coating.
21. 21. THANK YOU
Characteristics, Applications and Properties of
Polymers
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Many materials found in nature are polymers. In fact, the basic molecular structure of all
plant and animal life is similar to that of a synthetic polymer. Natural polymers include such
materials as silk, shellac, bitumen, rubber, and cellulose. However, the majority of polymers
or plastics used for engineering design are synthetic and often they are specifically
formulated or “designed” by chemists or chemical engineers to serve a specific purpose.
Other engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, etc.) typically design engineering components
from the available materials or, sometimes, work directly with chemists or chemical
engineers to synthesize a polymer with particular characteristics. Some of the useful
properties of various engineering polymers are high strength or modulus to weight ratios
(light weight but comparatively stiff and strong), toughness, resilience, resistance to
corrosion, lack of conductivity (heat and electrical), color, transparency, processing, and low
cost. Many of the useful properties of polymers are in fact unique to polymers and are due to
their long chain molecular structure. These issues will be discussed at length in the next
chapter. In this chapter, focus will be on general characteristics, applications and an
introduction to the mechanical behavior including elementary concepts of their inherent time
dependent or viscoelastic nature.