GEOLOGY SITE VISIT REPORT

Group of students from T.Y. Civil Engineering Department planned and

visited various geological sites around Pune. The visit was finalized on 5 th October
2019 after discussion between students and Geology professor Mr. Vishal
Hulsure. Accordingly students arrived early in the morning on 5th October and
started their visit from 7am.
While going through the bus students observed various geological sites.
The first site seen was a Tunnel. Tunnels in loose rock and soft soils are liable to
disintegrate and, therefore, a lining is provided to strengthen their sides and roofs
so as to prevent them from collapsing.
The lining of a tunnel is done in the following steps :
1. In the first stage guniting is done to seal the water in rock tunnels.
2. Concrete lining is done either in one attempt as in the case of circular tunnels
or by separately tackling the vest, the sidewall, and the arch. For small tunnels
that measure 1.2 to 3.0 m in diameter, the concrete lining can be provided by the
hand placing method. In the case of bigger tunnels, concrete pumps or pneumatic
placers are used for placing the concrete.
3. The concrete is cured to its maximum strength.

Tunnel
Guniting is provided at the top of the tunnel for stability of roof surface.
 Landslide is natural geological phenomena, many a times occurs due to
human activities. It causes great loss to the society. So it is important to prevent
landslide and its effect. Landslide prevention techniques learnt during the course
of visit were :
 Keeping slopes free from water. The simplest way to avoid soil and rock fall
over the slope is to vegetate it.
 Construction of retaining walls.
 Slope Treatment. Converting steep slopes into gentle ones.
 Netting and Bolting. The wire mesh netting is secured at the crest and foot
of the slope, the falling debris is encapsulated behind the mesh. The mesh
size is smaller than the sediments. Bolting is done in the fractures to hold
together the rocks mass.

Netting

The contact springs were also observed on the sides of the road in hilly
areas. Water flows in form of springs through rocks in whenever it rains.
 Contact springs in rocks

Students observed Temghar dam on the way to Lavasa city. The dam had some
leakages.

Temghar Dam
Pipes are provided in rocks of hilly area for drainage purpose. The diameter of
pipe is approximately 1.5 - 3 inches.

Pipes

Cracked surface due to improper guniting

Principle of order of superposition states that, In a sequence of beds,

the bed which is at the top is youngest and bed at the bottom is oldest.

Order of superposition in rocks

Principle of lateral continuity states that layers of rock are continuous
until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition or
until they are acted upon by agents that appeared after deposition took
place.

Lateral continuity of rocks

Group photo in Lavasa city