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in a hierarchical universe
V. GonzalezPerez , C. M. Baugh , C. Almeida , C. Lacey
1 2 2 2
1. Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (IEECCSIC) Barcelona, Spain 2. Institute for Computational Cosmology, University of Durham, UK
Summary: We present theoretical predictions for the abundance and nature of Extremely Red Objects (EROs). We analyse whether
the hierarchical formation model based on cold dark matter cosmology (CDM) can produce enough massive red galaxies to
match observations. In particular we use two published models, Baugh et al. (2005) and Bower et al. (2006). Both models reproduce
the number counts of galaxies selected in Kband. The Baugh et al. model underestimates the number counts of EROs. Meanwhile,
the Bower et al. model matches EROs number counts, except for the most extreme colour selection. This model also predicts a
correlation function length in agreement with observations.
What is an ERO? Theoretical Models
EROs are galaxies with very red optical, nearinfrared, We study the formation of massive red galaxies
colours (for example (RK)>5.3). Stellar synthesis in a CDM universe using two developments of
population models suggest these objects could either be the semianalytical model, GALFORM,
old stellar populations (compared to the age of the described by Cole et al. (2000; see also Baugh
Universe at the redshift of observation) or very dusty, star 2006). Both models reproduce local galaxies
bursting galaxies, in both cases with redshifts between 1 properties and they show the following main
and 2.5. features :
a) Baugh et al. (2005):
Synthetic near Models the reprocessing of star radiation
infrared spectra
by dust in a selfconsistent way,
from a typical
reproducing properties of Lymanbreak
elliptical galaxy at
different redshifts.
and submillimetre galaxies.
b) Bower et al. (2006):
The size and apparent age of these objects present a Includes AGN feedback, which can modify
challenge to the hierarchical galaxy formation scenario, star formation in massive galaxies at high
since one would expect that massive galaxies form more redshift, leading to an excellent match to Both Baugh et al. and Bower et al. models match
gradually in this model, perhaps as the result of galaxy the observed stellar mass function at all the number counts of galaxies in the Kband.
mergers. redshifts.
Kband cumulative number counts for EROs selected by their colours,
Results compared with observation:
Clustering (Bower er al.): Good match with the correlation function length
derived from different observations.
Bower et al. 2006
Baugh et al. 2005
Number counts per stellar mass Number counts per dark matter
(Bower et al.): halo mass (Bower et al.):
References:
Conclusions:
Baugh, 2006, Rep. Prog. Phys.
It is necessary to take into account AGN feedback in press, astroph/0610031
during galactic evolution to explain the presence of Baugh et al., 2005, MNRAS, 356,1191
Bower et al., 2006, MNRAS,370, 645B
massive red galaxies at redshifts greater than one. Cole et al., 2000, MNRAS, 319,168