Second law of Thermodynamics

1. The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is 28%, find the ratio of work done to heat rejected
by the engine. Also find out the heat transferred from the high temperature reservoir to the
engine per kW-hr of work delivered by the engine.
2. A Carnot refrigerator operates in a room in which temperature is 250C. It is required to
transfer 100kW from cold space being held at -300C. What is the power of the motor
required?
3. A heat engine is supplied with 1000kJ/s of heat at a temperature of 1000K and heat rejection
takes place at 300K. the following results were reported
(i) 500 kJ/s of heat rejection. (ii) 300kJ/s of heat rejection. (iii)100kJ/s of heat rejection.
Classify which of the results reported is a reversible, an irreversible and impossible cycle.
4. Using an engine of 30% thermal efficiency to drive a refrigerator having a COP of 5, what
is the heat input into the engine for each MJ of heat removed from the cold body by the
refrigerator?
If the system is used as a heat pump how many MJ of heat would be available for heating
each MJ of heat input to the engine?
5. A house hold refrigerator is maintained at a temperature of 20C. Every time the door is
opened, warm material is placed inside introducing an average of 420kJ, but making a
small change in temperature of the refrigerator. The door is opened 20 times a day and the
refrigerator operates at 15% of ideal COP. The cost of the work is Rs. 1.32 per kWh. What
is the monthly bill for this refrigerator? The surrounding temperature is 300C.
6. A heat engine operating between two reservoirs at 3270C and 27oC drives a refrigerator
operating between 270C and 130C. The efficiency of the heat engine and COP of the
refrigerator are each 70% of their maximum values. The heat transferred to the heat engine
is 500kJ. The net heat rejected by the engine and the refrigerator to the reservoir at 270C is
400kJ. Find the network output of the engine – refrigerator combination. Draw the
schematic representation.
7. It is required to produce ice at -40C from water at 150C at the rate of 1.4kg/min, using a
Carnot refrigerator operating between -50C and 200C. Find (i) COP of the cycle & power
input.
If the COP of the actual refrigerator is 20% of the Carnot refrigerator, for the same power
input as above what will be the mass of the ice produced?
8. A heat pump working on Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at 50C and delivers heat
to a reservoir at 600C. The heat pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which takes in heat
from a reservoir at 8400C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 600C. The reversible heat engine
also drives a machine that absorbs 30kW of power. If the heat pump extracts 17kJ/s from the
50C reservoir, determine: (i) rate of heat supply from the 8400C source and (ii) the rate of heat
rejected to the 600C sink
9. A reversible engine converts one sixth of the heat input into work. When the temperature of
the sink is reduced by 600C, the efficiency gets doubled, calculate the source and sink
temperatures.
10. A reversible heat engine runs between 500ºC and 200ºC temperature reservoirs. This heat
engine is used to drive an auxiliary and a reversible heat pump which runs between reservoir
at 200ºC and the body at 450ºC. The auxiliary consumes one third of the engine output and
remaining is consumed for driving heat pump. Determine the heat rejected to the body at
450ºC as fraction of heat supplied by reservoir at 500ºC.