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Introduction
The bearing gets its name from the fact that it bears a
turning axle or shaft, but those parts used for sliding
surfaces are also called bearings. Bearings include rolling
bearings, which use balls, or rollers called "rolling
elements."
2
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Contents
1
1 Rolling Bearings ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯04 9 Bearing Internal Clearance and Preload ⋯45
2
1.1 Sliding Friction and Rolling Friction ⋯04 9.1 Bearing Internal Clearance ⋯⋯⋯⋯45
1.2 Sliding Bearings and 9.2 Internal Clearance Selection ⋯⋯⋯⋯46
Rolling Bearings ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯04 9.3 Preload ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯47 3
Classification and 10 Allowable Speed ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯53
2 Characteristicsof Rolling Bearings ⋯⋯05 4
2.1 Rolling Bearing Construction ⋯⋯⋯⋯05
2.2 Classification of Rolling Bearings ⋯⋯06 11 Bearing Characteristics ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯54
2.3 Bearing Manufacturing Process ⋯⋯08 11.1 Friction⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯54 5
2.4 Characteristics ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯09 11.2 Temperature Rise ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯54
11.3 Sound ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯55
3 Bearing Selection ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯16 6
3.1 Selection Procedure ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯16
12 Lubrication ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯57
4 Main Dimensions and Bearing Numbers ⋯19 13 External Bearing Sealing Devices ⋯⋯65 8
4.1 Main Dimensions ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯19
4.2 Bearing Numbers ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯20
14 Bearing Materials ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯66
9
14.1 Raceway and
5 Bearing Precision ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯22
Rolling Element Materials ⋯⋯⋯⋯66
5.1 Dimension and Turning Precision ⋯⋯22 14.2 Cage materials ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯66 10
5.2 Bearing Precision Measurement Methods 26
1. Rolling Bearings
1
1.1 Sliding Friction and Rolling Friction The force it takes to bring the object to the
As shown in Fig. 1.1, the amount of force it verge of moving can be calculated as F =μ×
takes to move an object of the same weight W , but the value of the coefficient of friction μ
varies largely between the cases where the of a rolling bearing is a minute value of less
object is laid directly on the ground and than 1/100 that of a sliding bearing. The
pulled, and where the object is laid on rollers coefficient of friction of a rolling bearing is
and pulled. This is because the coefficient of generally μ = 0.001 to 0.005.
friction (μ) varies largely for these two cases.
1.2 Sliding Bearings and Rolling Bearings
There are various forms of each type of
W F bearing, each having its own particular
(Tension)
(Weight) F characteristics. If you compare the two, the
W
general characteristics are as follows.
F =μ×W
Generally has inner and outer rings, in Rotating load is supported by the surface,
between which there are ball or roller rolling and makes direct sliding contact in some
elements which support a rotating load by cases, or maintains sliding by film thickness
rolling. using a fluid as a medium.
Construction
Inner ring
Outer ring
Rolling element Rotation
axis
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
2.1 Rolling Bearing Construction washers," the inner ring as "shaft washer,"
Rolling bearings basically consist of four and the outer ring as "housing washer." 2
parts (outer ring, inner ring, rolling elements, ¡Rolling elements
cage). The shapes of parts of typical bearings Rolling elements come in two general
are shown in Fig. 2.1. shapes: balls or rollers. Rollers come in four
¡ Rolling bearing rings (inner and outer basic styles: cylindrical, needle, tapers and
rings) or bearing washer 1) spherical. Rolling elements function to support
The surface on which the rolling elements the load while rolling on the bearing ring.
roll is referred to as the "raceway surface." ¡Cages
The load placed on the bearings is supported Along with keeping the rolling elements in
by this contact surface. Generally speaking, the correct position at a uniform pitch, cages
the inner ring is used fitted on the shaft and also function to prevent the rolling elements
the outer ring on the housing. from falling out. Cages include pressed cages
1 In the new JIS (Japanese Industrial pressed out of metal plating, precut machined
Standards), rolling bearing rings of thrust cages, and resin formed cages.
bearings are referred to as "rolling bearing
Part
Bearing type Finished part
Outer ring Inner ring Rolling elements Cage
Deep groove
ball bearing
Cylindrical
roller bearing
Tapered
roller bearing
Self-aligning
roller bearing
Needle
roller bearing
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
2.2 Classification of Rolling Bearings catalogs. For terminology used for the parts of
2 Rolling bearings are generally classified as typical bearings, see Fig. 2.3.
shown in Fig. 2.2. In addition to these, there
are bearings of various other shapes.
For more information, see the various NTN
6
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Bearing chamfer
Contact angle
Bearing width
Inner ring
with rib Outer ring Standout
with 2 ribs
d r Tapered roller Cone front face rib
e e
t
b
i L-shaped loose rib
r e Cone back face rib
c m
s i
a
n
i d
r e
e
l l
l c
r
Effective load center Cup small inside
o i
R c diameter (SID)
Cylindrical roller Inner ring back face
Inner ring front face
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Testing
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2.4 Characteristics
¡ Ball bearings and roller bearings 2
Table 2.1 Comparison of Ball Bearings and Roller Bearings
Ball bearings Roller bearings
Point contact Line contact
Contact with Contact surface b Contact surface generally b
2 2
bearing ring becomes elliptical when becomes rectangular
a load is received. 2a when a load is received. r
Balls make point contacts, so rolling Because axial contact is made, rotation
resistance is slight, thus making it suitable for torque is less than that of balls, and rigidity is
Characteristics low torque, high-speed applications. Also has
superior sound characteristics. high.
Load capacity is small, so loads can be Load capacity is large. With cylindrical roller bearings
with ribs, slight axial load can also be received. With
Load capacity received in both radial and axial directions tapered roller bearings, a combination of two bearings
with radial bearings. enables large axial load in both directions to be received.
Construction
¡ A metal shield is ¡A seal plate of synthetic ¡ A seal plate of synthetic ¡Basic construction is
fastened to the outer rubber anchored to a steel rubber anchored to a steel the same as the LU
ring, forming a plate is fastened to the plate is fastened to the type, except the lip of
labyrinth clearance outer ring, and the edge of outer ring, and the edge of the seal edge is
with the V-groove of the seal forms a labyrinth the seal makes contact specially designed
the inner ring seal clearance along the with the side of the with a slit to prevent
surface. V-groove of the inner ring V-groove of the inner ring absorption, forming a
seal surface. seal surface. low-torque seal.
c P Friction torque Small Small Somewhat large Medium
o e
mr f
p o
Dustproof Good Better than ZZ type Best Better than LLB type
a r m
r
i a Waterproof Poor Poor Extremely good Good
s n
o c
n e High speed Same as open type Same as open type Contact seal is limited Better than LLU type
Allowable 1
temperature range -25˚C∼120˚C -25˚C∼120˚C -25˚C∼120˚C -25˚C∼120˚C
1 Allowable temperature range is indicated for standard product.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Table 2.4 Combinations Types and Characteristics of Duplex Angular Contact Bearings
Combination Characteristics
Remarks 1. Bearings are made in sets in order to adjust preload and internal clearance of the bearing,
so a combination of bearings having the same product number must be used.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
¡ Cylindrical Roller Bearings an axial load, albeit slight, between the roller end
Because cylindrical roller bearings use rollers face and rib. In order to further enhance axial 2
for rolling elements, load capacity is large, and load capacity, there is the HT type that takes
the rollers are guided by the ribs of the inner and roller end face shape and rib into consideration,
outer rings. The inner and outer rings can be and the E-type cylindrical roller bearing with a
separated to facilitate assembly, and tight fitting special internal design for raising radial load
is possible for either. Types where either the capacity. The E-type is standard for small
inner or outer ring does not have a rib move diameter size. Basic shape is given in Table 2.5.
freely in the direction of the shaft and therefore, Besides these, there are full complement SL
are ideal for use as so-called "floating-side bearings without cages and bearings with
bearings" that absorb elongation of the shaft. multiple rows of rollers suitable for even larger
Types with a rib, on the other hand, can receive loads.
Bearing type
Example Characteristics
symbol
¡The NU type has double ribs on the outer ring, and the
outer ring / roller / cage assembly and inner ring can be
NU type separated. The N type has double ribs on the inner ring,
and the inner ring / roller / cage assembly and outer ring
N type can be separated.
¡Cannot receive any axial load whatsoever.
NU type N type ¡Most suitable types for floating side bearing; widely used.
¡The NJ type has double ribs on the outer ring, and a single
rib on the inner ring; the NF type has a single rib on the
NJ type outer ring, and double ribs on the inner ring.
¡Able to receive axial load in one direction.
NF type ¡If fixed and floating sides are not differentiated, they may
¡The NUP type has a loose rib mounted on the side of inner
NUP type ring with no rib, and the NH type has an L-type loose rib
mounted on the NJ type. The loose ribs can be separated,
so the inner ring must be fixed in the axial direction.
NH type
¡Able to receive an axial load in both directions.
(NJ + HJ)
NUP type NH type ¡Sometimes used as a fixed side bearing.
Axial load
(axial direction)
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Construction
Bore 50 mm or series
Bearing series Other than C type (222, 223, 213) and Single bore 55 mm 22211 - 22218
24024 - 24038 or more (213)
Pressed cage
Cage type Pressed cage Machined cage Resin formed cage
Machined cage
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
¡ Thrust Bearings
There are various types of thrust bearings There are various types of thrust bearings 2
that differ according to application and shape for special applications besides those listed
of rolling elements. Allowable speed is below. For more information, see the NTN
generally low, and lubrication requires catalogs.
attention.
AXK type
Some bearing washers use precut bearing washers, and some
use bearing washers of pressed steel plate. Pressed bearing
washers are used for bearings with the smallest cross-section
AS type bearing washer height and large load capacity.
The most common type uses a single row of cylindrical rollers, but
some use two or three rows for larger load capacity.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Most basic type of bearing, where the needle rollers are retained by
the cage. Because the shaft and housing are directly used as the
raceway surface, hardness and finish surface roughness require
attention. There are various cage materials and shapes available.
Bearing is used for rolling where the outer ring single outside diameter
is made to come in direct contact with the counterpart material.
There is no need to cover the outer ring with a tire, etc., thus
enabling compact design. Wear life however varies according to
operating conditions and hardness of counterpart material.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Grease nipple
Bearing housing
Slinger
Special rubber seal
15
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
3. Bearing Selection
3.1 Selection Procedure function in the way it's supposed to. There are
Rolling bearings include many types and various selection procedures, but the most
sizes. Selecting the best bearing is important common are shown in the following figure.
for getting the machine or equipment to
3
¡Operating environment
Select any special bearing
(high/low temperature, vacuum, pharmaceutical, etc.)
specifications
¡Requirement for high reliability
¡Installation-related dimensions
Confirm handling ¡Assembly and disassembly procedures
procedures
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
3
Table 3.1 Types and Performance of Rolling Bearings
Deep Angular Cylindrical Needle Tapered Self- Thrust ball
Bearings types groove ball contact ball roller roller roller aligning bearings
bearings bearings bearings bearings bearings roller
bearings
Characteristics
Radial load
3
Axial load
1
High speed rotation ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆
1
Low noise/vibration ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
1
Low friction torque ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆
1
High rigidity ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆☆
Allowable misalignment
for inner/outer rings 1 ☆ ☆☆☆ ★
2
Non-separable or separable ○ ○ ○ ○
1 ☆The number of stars indicates the degree to which that bearing type displays that particular characteristic.
★Not applicable to that bearing type.
2 ○Indicates both inner ring and outer ring are detachable.
3 Some cylindrical roller bearings with rib can bear an axial load.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Table 3.2 (1) Sample Bearing Arrangement (fixed and floating sides differentiated)
Arrangement Application
Abstract example
Fixed side Floating side (reference)
1. Typical arrangement for small machinery. Small pumps
2. Capable of bearing a certain degree of axial load, as Automobile
well as radial loads. transmissions
Table 3.2 (2) Sample Bearing Arrangement (fixed and floating sides not differentiated)
Application example
Arrangement Abstract (reference)
Spring
or 1. Typical usage method for small machinery. Small electrical
shim 2. Preload sometimes provided by spring or adjusted machinery
shim on outer ring side. Small Reduction
gears
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
B T
r r C
r1
r1
r
r
r r r
r r r
d D E d D
B
Fig. 4.1 Radial Bearing (tapered roller bearings not included) Fig. 4.2 Tapered Roller Bearing
Diameter series
7 8 9 0 2 3
Code 9. 0. 1. 2. 3 0. 1. 2. 3
Tapered roller bearing
Dimension Small Large Small Large
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
4T- 4T tapered roller bearing Deep groove ball bearings (type code 6) /0.6 0.6 Angular contact ball bearings
67 (1) 7 /1.5 1.5
ET- ET tapered roller bearing (A) Standard contact angle 30˚
68 (1) 8
E- Bearing using cemented steel 69 (1) 9 /2.5 2.5 B Standard contact angle 40˚
60 (1) 0
F- Bearing using stainless steel 62 (0) 2 C Standard contact angle 15˚
63 (0) 3 1 1
H- Bearing using high-speed
Angular contact ball bearing (type code 7) ⋮ ⋮ Tapered roller bearings
steel
78 (1) 8 9 9 (B) More than contact angle
M- Plated bearing 79 (1) 9
70 (1) 0 10˚ and 17˚ or less
5S- Bearing using ceramic rolling 00 10
elements
72 (0) 2 C More than contact angle
73 (0) 3 01 12 17˚ and 24˚ or less
HL- Bearing using HL rollers Cylindrical roller bearings (type code NU, N, NF, NNU, NN, etc.) 02 15 D More than contact angle
TS2- High-temperature bearing NU10 1 0 03 17
NU2 (0) 2 24˚ and 32˚ or less
treated for dimension
NU22 2 2
stabilization (up to 160˚C) NU3 (0) 3 /22 22
TS3- High-temperature bearing NU23 2 3
NU4 (0) 4 /28 28
treated for dimension
NNU49 4 9 /32 32
stabilization (up to 200˚C) NN30 3 0
⋮ ⋮
TS4- High-temperature bearing Tapered roller bearings (type code 3) 04 20
treated for dimension 329X 2 9
stabilization (up to 250˚C) 320X 2 0
05 25
302 0 2 06 30
322 2 2
303 0 3
303D 0 3 88 440
313X 1 3 92 460
323 2 3
96 480
Self-aligning roller bearings (type code 2)
239 3 9
230 3 0 /500 500
240 4 0 /530 530
231 3 1
241 4 1
/560 560
222 2 2
232 3 2
/2 360 2 360
213 1 3
223 2 3 /2 500 2 500
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
U L1 LLB K DB C2 P6 /2A
Tapered roller High-strength With synthetic Standard taper Back-to- Smaller than JIS Class 6 Alvania 2
bearing with brass machined rubber seal single bore back duplex normal clearance
international cage (non-contact type) 1/12 taper hole P5 /3A
interchangeability DF (CN) JIS Class 5 Alvania 3
F1 LLU K30 Face-to-face Normal clearance
R Carbon steel With synthetic Standard taper duplex P4 /8A
Tapered roller machined cage rubber seal single bore C3 JIS Class 4 Alvania EP2
bearing without (contact type) 1/30 taper hole DT Larger than
international G1 Tandem duplex normal clearance P2 /5K
interchangeability High-strength LLH N JIS Class 2 MULTEMP SRL
brass rivetless With synthetic With ring groove D2 C4
ST cage with square rubber seal Set of 2 of same Larger than C3 -2 /LX11
Tapered roller holes (low-torque type) NR type of bearing clearance ABMA Class 2 Barierta JFE552
bearing with low With snap ring
torque G2 ZZ G C5 -3 /LP03
specifications Pin-type cage With steel plate D Flush ground Larger than C4 ABMA Class 3 Solid grease
shield With oil hole clearance (for polylube
HT J +α -0 bearing)
Cylindrical roller Steel plate D1 With spacer CM ABMA Class 0
bearing with high pressed cage With oil (+αindicates Radial internal
axial load hole/groove basic width clearance for -00
specifications T2 dimension of electric motor ABMA Class 00
Resin formed spacer.)
cage /GL
Light preload
/GN
Normal preload
/GM
Medium preload
/GH
Heavy preload
Remarks: Contact NTN for bearing series codes and prefix/suffix supplementary codes not given in the table.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
5. Bearing Precision
Because there are ambiguous expressions concerning dimension precision among those given in Table
5.1, an explanation of JIS terminology is provided below. (The terminology for outside surface is the same
and has therefore been omitted.)
2
1 1
1 S d
S d 1
2 S
d 3 S i
S 1 2
1
d d 2 d S i
S 2
d
d
S 3
2 3 i
S
d d
Single bore
diameter surface d S 1
3
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
23
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Table 5.1 Tolerance for radial bearings (except tapered roller bearings)
(1) Inner rings
Nominal bore Single plane mean bore diameter deviation Single radial plane bore diameter deviation
diameter ∆dmp V dp
d
mm Diameter series 9 Diameter series 0,1 Diameter series 2,3,4
1 1
Class 0 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2
over incl. High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low Max Max Max
D Open type
Diameter series 9 Diameter series 0.1 Diameter series 2,3,4
5 5
mm Class 0 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2
over incl. High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low Max Max Max
24
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Unit: μm
Mean single plane Inner ring Face runout Inner ring 2 Deviation of a single inner ring width Inner ring
bore diameter radial runout with bore axial runout ∆ Bs width variation
variation K ia Sd (with side) V Bs
3
V dmp Sia Normal Modified
Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 5,4,2 Class 5,4,2 Cla ss 0,6 Cla ss 5.4 Class 2 Class 0,6,5,4, Class 0,6,5,4,2
Max Max Max Max High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low Max
6 5 3 2 1.5 10 5 4 2.5 1.5 7 3 1.5 7 3 1.5 0 -40 0 -40 0 -40 ー ー 0 -250 12 12 5 2.5 1.5
6 5 3 2 1.5 10 6 4 2.5 1.5 7 3 1.5 7 3 1.5 0 -120 0 -40 0 -40 0 -250 0 -250 15 15 5 2.5 1.5
6 5 3 2 1.5 10 7 4 2.5 1.5 7 3 1.5 7 3 1.5 0 -120 0 -80 0 -80 0 -250 0 -250 20 20 5 2.5 1.5
8
9
6
8
3 2.5 1.5
4 3 1.5
13 8
15 10
4 3
5 4
2.5
2.5
8
8
4 1.5
4 1.5
8
8
4
4
2.5
2.5
0
0
-120 0 -120 0
-120 0 -120 0
-120
-120
0
0
-250 0 -250
-250 0 -250
20 20
20 20
5 2.5 1.5
5 3 1.5
5
11 9 5 3.5 2 20 10 5 4 2.5 8 5 1.5 8 5 2.5 0 -150 0 -150 0 -150 0 -380 0 -250 25 25 6 4 1.5
15 11 5 4 2.5 25 13 6 5 2.5 9 5 2.5 9 5 2.5 0 -200 0 -200 0 -200 0 -380 0 -380 25 25 7 4 2.5
19 14 7 5 3.5 30 18 8 6 2.5 10 6 2.5 10 7 2.5 0 -250 0 -250 0 -250 0 -500 0 -380 30 30 8 5 2.5
19 14 7 5 3.5 30 18 8 6 5 10 6 4 10 7 5 0 -250 0 -250 0 -300 0 -500 0 -380 30 30 8 5 4
23 17 8 6 4 40 20 10 8 5 11 7 5 13 8 5 0 -300 0 -300 0 -350 0 -500 0 -500 30 30 10 6 5
26 19 9 ー ー 50 25 13 ー ー 13 ー ー 15 ー ー 0 -350 0 -350 ー ー 0 -500 0 -500 35 35 13 ー ー
30 23 12 ー ー 60 30 15 ー ー 15 ー ー 20 ー ー 0 -400 0 -400 ー ー 0 -630 0 -630 40 40 15 ー ー
34 26 ー ー ー 65 35 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -450 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 50 45 ー ー ー
38 30 ー ー ー 70 40 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -500 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 60 50 ー ー ー
55 ー ー ー ー 80 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -750 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 70 ー ー ー ー
75 ー ー ー ー 90 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -1 000 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 80 ー ー ー ー
94 ー ー ー ー 100 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -1 250 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 100 ー ー ー ー
120 ー ー ー ー 120 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -1 600 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 120 ー ー ー ー
150 ー ー ー ー 140 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 0 -2 000 ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー 140 ー ー ー ー
2 Applies to deep groove bearings and ball bearings such as angular contact ball bearings.
3 Applies to individual raceways made to use with duplex bearings. 4 0.6 mm is included in the dimensional division.
Unit: μm
6
Single radial plane outside Mean single plane Outer ring Variation of outside Outside ring6 Deviation of Inner ring
diameter variation V Dp outside diameter radial runout surface generatrix axial runout a single inner width variation
Capped bearings variation K ea inclination with face Sea ring width V Cs
Diameter series
V
Dmp SD ∆Cs
Class Class
2,3,4,0 0,1,2,3,4,6 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 0,6,5,4,2 Class 5,4,2 Class 5,4,2 Class 0,6 Class 5,4,2
Max Max Max Max Max All type Max
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Measuring load Measuring load For inner ring radial runout, record
Inner ring the difference between the
radial runout maximum and minimum reading
( K ia)
5 of the measuring device when the
inner ring is turned one revolution.
Measuring load Measuring load For outer ring axial runout, record
Outer ring axial runout the difference between the
( Sea) maximum and minimum reading
of the measuring device when the
outer ring is turned one revolution.
26
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
d 20∼35mm
Bearing life depends on the functions required
Boundary dimensions Basic load ratings Limiti
of a machine. dynamic static dynamic static
Lubrication life … Life of the bearing in 20 72 19 1.1 ― 28.5 13.9 2,900 1,420 12,000 14,000
terms of burning caused by deterioration of 44 12 0.6 0.5 9.40 5.05 955 515 17,000 20,000
22 50 14 1 0.5 12.9 6.80 1,320 690 14,000 17,000
lubricant.
Sound life … Life of the bearing in terms of
obstruction of bearing function caused by Basic rating life is calculated by equation 6.1
increase of turning sound. or 6.2.
Wear life … Life of the bearing in terms of C P
obstruction of bearing function caused by
L10 =( ) ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ (6.1)
P
wear of the internal parts, single bore 106
diameter and outside diameter of the
L10h = (C )
P
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ (6.2)
60 n P
bearing. Where:
Precision life … Life of the bearing in terms L10 Basic rating life (106 revolutions)
:
of becoming unusable due to deterioration L10h :
Basic rating life h (hours)
of the turning precision required by the C Basic dynamic load rating N{kgf}
:
machine. Cr :
Radial bearing
In the case of fatigue life, the material Ca :
Thrust bearing
becomes fatigued due to repeated load stress P Dynamic equivalent load N{kgf}
:
between the raceway and rolling elements, Pr :
Radial bearing
resulting in flaking. Duration of life can be Pa :
Thrust bearing
predicted by statistical calculation. Generally n :
Rotational speed rpm
speaking, fatigue life is treated as bearing life. p Ball bearing p=3
:
Roller bearing p=10/3
6.2 Basic Rating Life and Basic Dynamic In equipment with several bearings, if the
Load Rating life of one develops rolling fatigue, it is
When individual bearings of a group of the considered to be the total life for all the
same type of bearing are turned under the bearings. Life can be calculated by equation
same conditions, basic rating life is defined as 6.3.
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NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
28
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Life adjustment factor for operating condition a3 In the case of an extremely large load, and
Coefficient for adjusting life for lubrication there is danger of harmful plastic deformation
conditions, rotational speed, running developing on the contact surfaces of the
temperature, and other operating conditions. If rolling element and raceway, if Pr exceeds
lubrication conditions are favorable, a3 is either Cor or 0.5 Pa in the case of radial
generally "1." If lubrication conditions are bearings, or Pa exceeds 0.5 Ca in the case of
particularly good and other factors are normal, thrust bearings, equations 6.1, 6.2 and 6.5 for
a3 > 1 may be used. calculating basic rating life cannot be applied.
Oppositely a3 < 1 is used in the following
cases: 6.4 Machine Applications and Requisite Life
¡If lubrication oil viscosity is low When selecting bearings, you must select
(13 mm2 /s or less for ball bearing; bearings that provide the life required for the
20 mm2 /s for roller bearing) machine. The general standards for life are
¡Rotational speed is low given in Table 6.3. 6
(Rotational speed n by rolling element
pitch circular dp, dp・ n < 10,000) 6.5 Basic Static Load Rating
¡If operating temperature is high (adjusted Bearing load where contact stress of
by Fig. 6.1 due to decrease in hardness) maximum rolling element load is the following
values is defined as basic static load rating.
Items that consider coefficient a2 by Ball bearing 4 200MP {428kgf/mm2}
dimension stabilization treatment do not Roller bearing 4 000MPa{408kgf/mm2}
require adjustment of Fig. 6.1 as long as each These values are the equivalent of the load
is used within maximum operating where permanent set of approximately 0.0001
temperature. time the rolling element diameter is produced
Bearings are affected by various conditions by the load in the area where the rolling
other than these, but are not clarified as the elements make contact with the raceway
a3 coefficient. There is also the way of the a23 surface. It is empirically known that the
coefficient matching a2 and a3, but at the degree of deformation is as far as smooth
present there is need to overlap the data. rotation of the shaft is not impeded.
This basic static load rating is given in the
dimension table as Cor and Coa for radial and
1.0
thrust bearings respectively.
s
n 0.8
o
i
t
i 3
d a
n t
o n 0.6
e
c i
c
g i
f
n f
i
t e
a
r o
0.4
e c
p
O
0.2
29
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Machines usually used Roller necks for Passenger and freight Locomotives (wheel) Pulp and
more than 8 hours per day rolling mills vehicles (wheel) Traction motors papermaking
Escalators Air-conditioning equipment
Conveyors Large motors Mining hoists equipment
Centrifuges Compressor pumps Press flywheels Ship propulsion units
Machines that operate 24 Water works
Mine drainage/
hours a day, for which ventilation equipment
breakdown cannot be permitted Power plant equipment
30
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
One-Point Advice
Bearing
Bearing Tips
Tips
6
¡Application of lubricants for high/low
Longer Temperature
life counter- temperatures
measures ¡Application of special seals/cages
¡Stabilized dimensions
Higher Higher
function ¡Optimized internal clearance
precision
¡Application of special lubrication such as air
More
compact ¡Application of special seal
Dirt
counter- (filter seal, low-torque seal, double-lip seal, etc.)
Lower measures ¡AS bearing series (ETA/TAB/EA)
cost etc.
31
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
7. Bearing Load
32
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
K t
F r K r
K t K t
7
(3) Load on chain and belt shaft Table 7.2 Chain/Belt Factor f b
The load on a sprocket or pulley when power
Type of chain/belt f b
is conveyed by a chain or belt is calculated as
follows: Chain (single row) 1.2∼1.5
V-belt 1.5∼2.0
19.1×106・ H
K t= N 1.1∼1.3
Dp・ n Timing belt
Flat belt (with tension pulley) 2.5∼3.0
1.95×106・ H
= {kgf}⋯⋯⋯⋯(7.8) Flat belt 3.0∼4.0
Dp・ n
Where:
K t : Load on sprocket or pulley N {kgf}
H : Transfer power kW
Dp : Pitch diameter of sprocket or pulley mm s i d e
o o s e
F 1 L
To account for initial tension applied to the
belt or chain, radial load is calculated by D p
equation 7.9. K r
K r= f b・ K t ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(7.9)
F 2 T e ns i on
s i de
Where:
K r : Radial load
Fig. 7.2 Load on Chain/Belt
f b : Chain/belt factor
33
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
34
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
W ro (2r2+r1)
RB=− W
A B C 2r1r2
△ △ △
(r1+r2+r0) W −r2 RB
RA RB RC RA=
r1+r2
ro r1 r2 roW +r1 RB
RC=−
r1+r2
(2r2+r1) M o
M o RB=−
A B C 2r1r2
△ △ △
M o−r2 RB
RA RB RC RA=
r1+r2 7
ro r1 r2
M r1 RB
RC=−
r1+r2
W
r3 (r1
2
+2r1r2−r32) W
RB=
A B C 2r12r2
△ △ △
(r1+r2−r3) W −r2 RB
RA RB RC RA=
r1+r2
r3
r1 r2 r3W −r1 RB
RC=
r1+r2
(−r12−2r1r2+3r32) M o
M o RB=
A B C 2r12r2
△ △ △
M o−r2 RB
RA RB RC RA=
r3 r1+r2
r1 r2
M o+r1 RB
RC=−
r1+r2
35
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Where:
7 {kgf}
Pr : Dynamic equivalent radial load N
F r : Radial load N{kgf}
{kgf}
F a : Axial load N
X : Radial load factor
Y : Axial load factor
The values of XY are given in the α
F a Pressure
α
Pressure
dimensions table of the catalog. cone apex F a cone apex
F r
F r
(2) If bearing has a contact angle
A bearing having a contact angle such as
angular contact ball bearings and tapered
roller bearings have their pressure cone apex
at a position off center of the bearing. When a
a a
radial load is placed on the bearing, a
component force is produced in the axial
Fig. 7.4 Bearing Pressure Cone Apex and Axial
direction. This force is generally referred to as
Direction Component Force
Bearing arrangement Load conditions Axial load Dynamic equivalent radial load
F a1=
0.5 F r2 Pr1= XF r1+Y 1
0.5 F r2
Y 2
+ F a Y 2
+ F a
0.5 F r1 0.5 F r2
Y 1
≦ Y 2
+ F a
Brg1 Brg2 0.5 F r2
F a2= Pr2= F r2
Y 2
F a
F a1=
0.5 F r1 Pr1= F r1
F r1 F r2 Y 1
0.5 F r1 0.5 F r2
Y 1
> Y 2
+ F a
F a2=
0.5 F r1 Pr2= XF r2+Y 2
0.5 F r1
Y 1
− F a − F a
Y 1
Remarks 1. F r and F r are applied to bearings1and2respectively, as well as axial load F a.
1 2
36
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
or . r o a
When Por< F r use Por= F r
For values of e, Y 2 and Y o
see the table below.
37
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
(2) Tapered roller bearings If axial load is however larger than radial
Tapered roller bearings receive an axial load, normal rolling of the rollers is negatively
load at both the raceway surface and where affected, so be careful not to allow F a max to
the roller end faces come in contact with the be exceeded. Lubrication conditions,
cone back face rib. Thus, by increasing mounting dimensions and precision must also
contact angleα, the bearing becomes be taken into consideration.
capable of receiving a large axial load.
Because the roller end faces slide along the Table 7.5 Value of Factor k and Allowable
surface of the cone back face rib, this is Axial Load ( F a max)
limited according to rotational speed and Bearing series K F a max
NJ,NUP,NH3E ,
NJ,NUP,NH23E 0.080 0.4 F r
8. Fits
Static load
Inner ring:
stationary
Outer ring:
rotating Inner ring:
Inner ring static load Clearance fit
Unbalanced Outer ring turning load Outer ring:
load Interference fit
Inner ring:
rotating
Outer ring:
stationary
39
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Interference or clearance range on the other The basic philosophy for fit concerns
hand is decided by dimension tolerance of the whether it is the inner or outer ring that turns.
bearing, shaft and housing. Fit therefore Fit is decided by which of the bearing rings
requires sufficient consideration. the load moves along, and is as given in
Table 8.1.
8.2 Fit Selection The relationship of dimension tolerance for
Proper fit selection is dependent upon the housing and shaft on which the bearing is
thorough analysis of bearing operating to be mounted is as shown in Fig. 8.2.
conditions: Some of the general fitting criteria for
¡Shaft and housing material, wall various types of bearings under various
thickness, rigidity and finished surface operating conditions is given in Figs. 8.2
precision through 8.4. For details, see "A45 - 53 of the
¡Machinery operating conditions (nature NTN Ball and Roller Bearings catalog".
and magnitude of load, rotating speed,
temperature, etc.)
Table 8.2 Tolerance Class of Shaft Used for Radial Bearings (Class 0, 6X, 6)
8 Ball bearings
Cylindrical roller bearings
Tapered roller bearings
Self-aligning
roller bearings Shaft
Conditions tolerance Remarks
Shaft diameter (mm)
class
Over Up to Over Up to Over Up to
Cylindrical bore bearing (Class 0, 6X, 6)
― 18 ― ― ― ― h5
Light or 1 js5, k5 and m5 may be used in
18 100 ― 40 ― ― js6
fluctuating place of js6, k6 and m6 if more
100 200 40 140 ― ― k6
r d load precision is required.
o a
o ― ― 140 200 ― ― m6
d l
a n
o
o i
l ― 18 ― ― ― ― js5 Internal clearance variation
t
g c 18 100 ― 40 ― 40 k5 according to fit doesn't have to
n e
i r
t i 100 140 40 100 40 65 m5 be considered for single row
a d 1
t
o e Normal load
t 140 200 100 140 65 100 m6 angular contact ball bearings
r a
g i
n 200 280 140 200 100 140 n6 and tapered roller bearings.
n
i
r m ― ― 200 400 140 280 p6 You may therefore use k6 and
r r
e
e t ― ― ― ― 280 500 r6 m6 in place of k5 and m5.
n e
n d
I n
i 1 ― ― 50 140 50 100 n6 Use bearing with internal
Heavy or
― ― 140 200 100 140 p6 clearance larger than CN
shock load
― ― 200 ― 140 200 r6 clearance bearing.
Inner ring Use g5 if more precision is required.
g d must be able All shaft diameters F6 is also OK to facilitate movement
n a to move easily
i g6
o
r l
r c on shaft. in the case of large bearings.
i
e t
n a Inner ring does
n t not have to be
I Use h5 if more precision is
s h6
able to move All shaft diameters
easily on shaft. required.
1 Light, normal and heavy load refer to basic dynamic radial load rating of 6% or less, above 6% to 12% and less, and over 12%
for dynamic equivalent radial load.
2 Shaft circular and cylindrical tolerance values are given for IT5 and IT7.
Remarks: This table applies to steel solid shafts.
40
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Table 8.3 Tolerance Class of Housing Bore Used for Radial Bearings (Class 0, 6X, 6)
Conditions
Tolerance class
Transfer in axial 3 Remarks
Housing Load type, etc. of housing bore
direction of outer ring
G7 may be used for large
bearings or when there is a
All load types Able to transfer. H7 large temperature difference
between outer ring and housing.
Integral
or 1 1
Light or normal loads Able to transfer. H8
two-piece housing
F7 may be used for large
Temperature of
Outer ring shaft and inner ring Easily able to transfer. G7
bearings or when there is a
static load large temperature difference
become high. between outer ring and housing.
K6 K7
Centric axial load ∆ Dmp
M6 M7
(thrust bearings All shaft js6 Also used for h6. N6 N7
in general) diameters
P6 P7
)
d
a g
n Inner ring All shaft ―
o
i
l r js6 Clearance fit Transition fit
l a
a e
i
b
static load diameters
x
a r
e
l
Interference fit
d
l
n r
o
a t js 6, k6 and m6 Fit
l s
a u Inner ring ― 200 k6
i
d
r
h
t rotating or may be used in
a
r g
200 400 m6 place of k6, m6 Clearance fit Transition fit
d n
i
e n
indeterminate
n
i g
i
l
b a
direction 400 ― n6 and n6
-
m
f
l
o e load respectively. p6
C s
(
n5 n6
JIS class 0 m5 m6
k6
bearing k5
J5 J6
∆d
h5 h6
g5 g6
Shaft
41
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
42
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
43
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Where:
K d : Inner ring pressure fit or drawing force
N{kgf}
K D : Outer ring pressure fit or drawing force
N{kgf}
P : Fit surface pressure MPa {kgf/mm2}
8 (See Table 8.5)
d : Shaft diameter, inner ring bore (mm)
D : Housing bore, outer ring outside
diameter (mm)
B : Inner or outer ring width
μ : Sliding friction coefficient
(See Table 8.7)
Item μ
When pressure fitting inner (outer) ring on cylindrical shaft (hollow) 0.12
When drawing inner (outer) ring off cylindrical shaft (hollow) 0.18
When pressure fitting inner ring on tapered shaft or sleeve 0.17
When drawing inner ring off tapered shaft 0.14
When pressure fitting sleeve on shaft or bearing 0.30
When drawing sleeve off shaft or bearing 0.33
44
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
― 2.5 0 6 4 11 10 20 ― ― ― ―
2.5 6 0 7 2 13 8 23 ― ― ― ―
6 10 0 7 2 13 8 23 14 29 20 37
10 18 0 9 3 18 11 25 18 33 25 45
18 24 0 10 5 20 13 28 20 36 28 48
24 30 1 11 5 20 13 28 23 41 30 53
30 40 1 11 6 20 15 33 28 46 40 64
40 50 1 11 6 23 18 36 30 51 45 73
50 65 1 15 8 28 23 43 38 61 55 90
65 80 1 15 10 30 25 51 46 71 65 105
80 100 1 18 12 36 30 58 53 84 75 120
100 120 2 20 15 41 36 66 61 97 90 140
120 140 2 23 18 48 41 81 71 114 105 160
140 160 2 23 18 53 46 91 81 130 120 180
160 180 2 25 20 61 53 102 91 147 135 200
180 200 2 30 25 71 63 117 107 163 150 230
200 225 2 35 25 85 75 140 125 195 175 265
225 250 2 40 30 95 85 160 145 225 205 300
250 280 2 45 35 105 90 170 155 245 225 340
280 315 2 55 40 115 100 190 175 270 245 370
315 355 3 60 45 125 110 210 195 300 275 410
355 400 3 70 55 145 130 240 225 340 315 460
400 450 3 80 60 170 150 270 250 380 350 510
450 500 3 90 70 190 170 300 280 420 390 570
500 560 10 100 80 210 190 330 310 470 440 630
560 630 10 110 90 230 210 360 340 520 490 690
45
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
9.2 Internal Clearance Selection ring expands, the outer ring contracts, and
During operation, clearance largely affects internal clearance decreases by that amount.
bearing performance such as bearing life, heat, The amount of reduction differs according to
vibration and sound. It is therefore necessary to the type of bearing, shape of shaft or housing,
select the clearance that matches operating dimensions and material, but it is approximately
conditions. If the clearance is theoretically 70 - 90% of effective interference.
slightly negative, optimal bearing life values are
δf= (0.70∼0.90) ∆eff ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(9.2)
given, but if the clearance is further to the
negative side, life decreases radically. δf : Internal clearance reduction due to
Operating conditions are likely to fluctuate interference (mm)
during operation due to a variety of factors. ∆eff : Effective interference (mm)
Generally speaking, you should therefore To calculate more precisely, you can take
select initial bearing internal clearance so that material, shape and dimensional shape of
operating clearance is slightly larger than 0. each part into consideratio
consideration.
n. Dimension
Internal clearance during operation is tolerance is supposed to be normal
calculated by the following equation: distribution, and is generally calculated by 3σ.
δeff=δo−(δf+δt)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(9.1)
(2) Internal clearance reduction due to the difference
Where: in temperature of the inner and outer rings
δeff : Operating clearance (mm) As for bearing temperature during operation,
δo : Bearing
Bearing initial
initial internal
internal clearanc
clearance
e (mm) temperature of the outer ring is generally 5 -
δf : Internal clearance reduction due to 10˚C lower than that of the inner ring or rolling
9 interference (mm) elements. When heat radiation of the housing
δt : Internal clearance reduction due to and shaft are connected to the heat source,
the difference in temperature of the temperature difference further increases.
inner and outer
outer rings
rings (mm) Internal clearance decreases by precisely the
amount of the inner and outer rings expand
(1) Internal clearance reduction due to interference due to the difference in temperature.
If the inner and outer rings are mounted on
δt=α・∆T ・ Do ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(9.3)
the shaft or housing with interference, the inner
δt : Internal clearance reduction due to the
difference in temperature of the inner
1.2
and outer rings
α : Coefficient of linear expansion for
1.0 bearing materials 12.5×10-6 /˚C
∆T : Difference in temperature of the inner
0.8 and outer rings (˚C)
e
f
i
L Do : Raceway diameter of the outer ring (mm)
0.6 Raceway diameter of outer ring is
approximated by the following equation.
0.4 For ball bearings and self-aligning roller bearings
Do=0.2 (d+4 D)………………………( 9.4)
0.2
For ball bearings and self-aligning roller bearings
¡Rotation precision and positioning precision ●Bearing Internal Clearance and Preload
is enhanced. See page A-64 of the Ball
¡Vibration and noise are suppressed. ☞ and Roller Bearings catalog.
¡Smearing which can cause the rolling Table 8.13 The normal pr eload of duplex arrangement angular contact ball bearings
Maintain shaft
Grinders
precision, Certain amount of preload is
Angular contact Turning machines
d prevent provided by planar difference of
a ball bearings Milling machines
o
l vibration, inner/outer ring width or spacer.
e Measuring devices
r enhance rigidity
p
n
o
i
t
i
s
o Tapered roller Turning machines
p Preload is provided by loosening
d bearings Milling machines
e Enhance rigidity screws. Amount of preload is set Automobiles
x
i Thrust ball
of bearing. with measuring starting torque of Differential pinions
F bearings
bearing or transfer distance of Printing presses
Angular contact
bearing rings. Wheels
ball bearings
d
a Maintain
o
l
Angular contact
e precision and Preload is provided by coil springs, Internal cylindrical
r ball bearings
p prevent disc springs, etc. grinding machines
e Deep groove
r vibration/noise Deep groove ball bearings Electric motors
u
s ball bearings
s without 4∼10 d N Small high-speed
e Tapered roller
r
p
changing 0.4∼1.0 d{kgf} shafts
bearings
d preload by load, d:Shaft diameter (mm) Tension reels
e
x
(high speed)
i temperature, etc.
F
47
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Bearing2 Bearing1
A
F a x
i
a
F o F o l
l
o
a
d
Outer ring Bearing2 Bearing1
δa
Ball δo δo
Inner ring
(1) Before adding δb
Fig. 9.3 Fixed Position Preload Model Diagram and Preload Line Diagram
48
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
9.4 Correlation of Axial and Radial Internal Clearance for Deep Groove Ball Bearings
) 0.50
m 0.40
) 0.50
m 0.40
9
m m
(
(
e 0.30 e 0.30
c c
n n 3 0
a a 6 2 2 0
r r 6 2 5
0.20 3 0 a 0.20
a 6 0 2 0 e
1
6 2 1 0
e
l 0
6 1 5 0 5 l 2
6 0 5
c 6 0 1 0 6 0 c
l l 6 2
a 6 0 0 0 a 0 0
n 6 0 n 6 2
r r
e 0.10 e
t 0.10
t n
n
i i
l
0.08 l 0.08
a a
i
i x
x 0.06 0.06
A A
0.05 0.05
0 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 5 0 .0 1 0 .0 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 0 .0 0 3 0 .0 0 5 0 .0 1 0 .0 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5
※Technical data is based on typical figures. The values therefore cannot be guaranteed.
49
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
0.04 0.04
C C C C )
) 5 1 0 1 5 2 0
0
9 9
7 7 9 7 9 m
m 7 3 0 C m
m0.03 7 9 (
( t 0.03
t n
n e
e 5
m m 7 9 0
e 0.02 e
c 0.02
c a 7 9 1
0
a
l l
p p
s s
i 7 9 1 5
i d
d 0.01 l 0.01 7 9 2 0
l a
a i 7 9 3 0
i x
x A
A
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
×103N ×103N
Axial load Axial load
Fig. 9.5.1 Axial Load and Displacement for Fig. 9.5.2 Axial Load and Displacement for
79C Series 79 Series
9 0.04 0.04
C )
) 0 C C 5 C
m 0
0
5
0
0
1 0 7 0 1 0 2 0 C 0 C
0 m
0 0
7 7 3
m0.03 7 7 7 0 m0.03
( 7 0
( t
t n
n e
e
m 5
m
e0.02 e0.02 7 0 0
c c
a a
l
l p 0
p 7 0 1
s s
i
i d0.01 7 0 5
1
7 0 2 0
d0.01 l
l a
a
i i 7 0 3 0
x x
A A
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
×103N ×103N
Axial load Axial load
Fig. 9.5.3 Axial Load and Displacement for Fig. 9.5.4 Axial Load and Displacement for
70C Series 70 Series
※Technical data is based on typical figures. The values therefore cannot be guaranteed.
50
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
0.04 0.04
) ) C C C C
0 5 C
m m 0 0
2 1 0 1
2
5
2 0 C
m0.03 m 2 7 7 7 2 7 2 3 0
( ( 0.03
7 7 2
t t
n n
e e
m 0 B
m
e 0.02 7 0 0 e0.02
c c
a
l a
l
p B p
s
i 7 0 0 5 s
i
d B d
l 0.01 7 0 1 0 l 0.01
a
i 7 015 B 7 0 2 0 B a
i
x x
A 7 0 3 0 B A
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
×103N ×103N
Axial load Axial load
Fig. 9.5.5 Axial Load and Displacement for Fig. 9.5.6 Axial Load and Displacement for
70B Series 72C Series
)
0.04 0.04 9
m )
m m
( 0.03 m0.03
t 0 0
(
n 7 2 t
e n
m e
e0.02 m
c 7 2 0
5 e0.02
a c 0 B
l a 7 2 0
p 7 2 1
0 l
s
i p
d 7 2 1 5 7 2 2 0 s
i 7 2 0 5 B
l 0.01 d0.01 7 21 0 B
a
i 7 2 3 0
l 7 2 2 0 B
a 7 215 B
x i
A x 7230B
A
0 0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
×103N ×103N
Axial load Axial load
Fig. 9.5.7 Axial Load and Displacement for Fig. 9.5.8 Axial Load and Displacement for
72 Series 72B Series
※Technical data is based on typical figures. The values therefore cannot be guaranteed.
51
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
0.02
) ) 0.02
m m
m U
m 5 X ( 0 X
( 0 0
2 t 2 9 1
t
- 3 n 3 U
n 4 T e 5 X
e 2 9 1
m 3 U
m
1 0 X e 0.01 2 0 X
e 0.01
c 3 2 0 c 3 2 9
a 4 T - a
l
l p
p 5 X U s
s
i 3 2 0 1 i
d d
l l
0 X U a
a 3 2 0 2 i
i x
x A
A
0 0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
×103N ×103N
Axial load Axial load
Fig. 9.6.1 Axial Load and Displacement for Fig. 9.6.2 Axial Load and Displacement for
320 Series 329 Series
9 0.02
)
m
5
m 0 1 0
( 3
0
- 0 3
3
t 3
- 4 T
n T
e 4 5 U
3 1
m 3 0
e 0.01
c
a 2 0 U
l 3 0 3
p D
s
i 0 3 0 5
d 4 T - 3
l 1 0 D
a
i 4 T - 3 0 3
x 303 DU15
A
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3
×10 N
Axial load
※Technical data is based on typical figures. The values therefore cannot be guaranteed.
52
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
10
≦ 2
e )
☞
55mm
See page B-94 of the Ball and
Roller Bearings catalog. ☞
1
oundary dimensions Basic load ratings Limiting speeds Bearing numbers
dynamic static dynamic static
mm kN kgf rpm
type type type type
2 2
D B rs min r1s min Cr Cor Cr Cor grease oil NU NJ NUP N
2 M
μ= ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ (11.1) Bearing temperature is determined by the
Pd
balance of the amount of heat produced and
Where: the amount of heat released.
μ : Friction factor In most cases temperature rises sharply
M : Friction moment N・mm{kgf・mm} during the initial stages of operation, and then
P : Bearing load N{kgf} stabilizes to a somewhat lower temperature
d : Bearing bore mm after a certain amount of time elapses. The
amount of time it takes to reach this constant
The dynamic friction factor for rolling temperature differs according to various
bearings is affected by various factors as conditions such as bearing size, type,
mentioned before. Dynamic friction factor also rotational speed, load, lubrication, and heat
differs according to rotational speed as well as release of the housing. If constant
bearing type. Values are generally taken from temperature is never reached, it is assumed
Table 11.1 that there is something wrong. Possible
11 causes are as follows:
¡Insufficient bearing internal clearance or
Table 11.1 Friction Factor for Bearings
excessive preload.
Bearing type Friction factor μ×10-3 ¡Bearing is mounted improperly.
54
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
0 0
400 800 1200 1600 2 000 0 1000 2 000 3000 4 000 5 000
Radial load kgf Rotational speed rpm
Fig. 11.1 Radial Load and Temperature Rise Fig. 11.2 Rotational Speed and Temperature Rise
11.3 Sound
When the inner or outer ring of the bearing With improved quality in various fields,
turns, the rolling elements roll along the including the data equipment field, the
raceway surface accompanying the cage, demand for less vibration and sound has
thus producing various sounds and vibrations. escalated in recent years. It is rather difficult
In other words, vibration and sound is to express sound, but a list of typical
produced according to shape and roughness abnormal sounds produced by bearings is
of the rolling surface and sliding parts, and the given in Table 11.2.
lubrication status.
11
One-Point Advice
Bearing
Bearing Tips
Tips
55
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Roll Rumble
Large bearings
Small bearings ) Continuous sound
according to high speed.
Scratching of raceway surface, surface
of balls or rollers.
}
Pitter-patter Tapered roller
Regular continuous Improper grease at low temperature
bearings
Flap flap → grease should be soft. Operation with
Flutter
) Large bearings sound at high speed.
cage pocket wear, insufficient lubrication,
Small bearings
insufficient bearing load.
Squeak Sound of crunching between metals. Crunching between rollers and rib surface
Screech High-pitched sound. of roller bearings. Insufficient lubrication
Pip pop Occurs irregularly in small bearings. Sound of air bubbles in the grease being smashed.
56
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
12. Lubrication
Base oil Mineral oil Diester oil Silicon oil Mineral oil Synthetic oil
Dropping point (˚C) 170 ∼ 190 170 ∼ 190 200 ∼ 250 250 or more 250 or more
12
Operating temperature -30 ∼ +130 -50 ∼ +130 -50 ∼ +160 -10 ∼ +130 -50 ∼ +200
range (˚C)
Mechanical stability Superior Good Good Good Good
Largest range of Superior Suitable for high Can be used in a wide range of
applications. low-temperature and low temperatures, from low to high.
and friction temperatures. Exhibits superior heat, cold and
Applications All-purpose characteristics. Has low oil film chemical resistance characteristics
grease for rolling Suitable for small strength, and is through proper combination of base
bearings. and miniature therefore not suitable oil and thickener. All-purpose grease
bearings. for large loads. for rolling bearings.
57
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
no / n
Example: Approx. 5 500 hrs. for bearing 6206 @
when F r = 2kN, n = 3600 rpm 20.0
15.0
!
Grease replacement limit h
Bearing bore #
400 d mm 10.0
300 30 000 9.0
200
100 20 000 8.0
7.0 12
50 6.0
40 A
30 10 000 5.0
20
10 4.0
7 C
R 500 5 000
a 300 4 000 3.0
d
i
200 500 3 000 B
a
l 100 300
b 200 200 2 000
a 50
l
l 100 100 2.0
30
b 50 20
e 50 1 000
a 30 C
r y
30 1.5
i
n l 20
g 20 i
n T S
s 10 d a e
500
T r p l 400
h i
c f
e a - 300
r a r
u l e l
s r d gi
t o 1.0
n
b l
l r i
o
a e n 0.9
l r l
l g
l b e
b r or
e e b l 0.8
a a e e l
r r
i a r
i
n n r
g i b
g s n e 0.7
s g a
s r
i
n no : f L (FIg10.1)× f c (Fig10.2)×Allowable rotational speed
g
s (dimensions table)
n : Operating rotational speed
60
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Dropping Operating
Base oil viscosity Consistency point (˚C) temperature (˚C) Color Characteristics
37.8˚C 15.3mm2 /s 265∼295 190 −55∼130 White For low temperatures low torque
40˚C 97mm2 /s 205 260 −20∼120 Brown Min. grease leak, retainer noise
40˚C 113mm2 /s 220∼250 Min. 300 −30∼160 Green For high temperatures
40˚C 11.5mm2 /s 265∼295 177 −60∼120 Brown For low temperatures low torque
40˚C 16.0mm2 /s 265∼295 Min. 180 −60∼130 Yellow-green For low temperatures low torque
25˚C 100mm2 /s 300 200 −70∼160 Reddish gray Does not lubricate well at low temperatures
40˚C 32mm2 /s 260 210 −40∼180 Brown Does not lubricate well at high temperatures
40˚C 28mm2 /s 315 Min. 260 −62∼177 Red MIL-G-81322C Wide range
37.8˚C 30.1mm2 /s 265∼295 Min. 230 −40∼150 Light tan Wide range
61
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
12.2 Oil Lubrication produced from inside and outside the bearing.
Along with facilitating lubrication of rolling There are various methods of providing oil
and sliding parts inside the bearing, oil lubrication. The main ones are given in Table
lubrication functions to eliminate heat 12.5.
atmospheric pollution.
the bearing so that the oil reliably tools is one example of this type of
lubricates the bearing. lubrication.
62
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
(1) Selection of lubricating oil Table 12.6 Viscosity Required for Bearings
Various mineral oils such as spindle oil,
Viscosity
machine oil and turbine oil are used as Bearing type mm2 /s
lubricating oil. For high temperature of 150˚C Ball bearings, cylindrical roller
bearings, needle roller bearings 13
and above, and low temperatures of -30˚C
and below, however, synthetic oils such as Self-aligning roller bearings, tapered
roller bearings, thrust needle roller 20
diester oil, silicone oil and fluorocarbon oil are bearings
used. Viscosity of lubricating oil is an
Self-aligning thrust roller bearings 30
important characteristic that determines
lubricating performance. If viscosity is too low,
oil film does not form sufficiently,
resulting in damage to the bearing 3 000
2 000
surface. On the other hand, if viscosity 1 000 1 : ISO VG 320
2 : ISO VG 150
is too high, viscosity resistance 500
300
3 : ISO VG 68
200
4 : ISO VG 46
becomes large, causing temperature 5 : ISO VG 32
100 6 : ISO VG 22
to rise and friction loss to increase. s
/ 7 : ISO VG 15
2
50
Generally, the higher the rotational m
m30
speed, the lower the viscosity should y 20
t 1
i 15
be, and the heavier the load is, the s 2
o 10
c 8
higher viscosity should be. s
i 3
V 6 4
The viscosity required for lubrication 5 5
6
of rolling bearings at this operating 4
7
temperature is given in Table 12.6. 3
The correlation of viscosity and - 30 - 20 - 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150160
63
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Table 12.8 K value
Discharge oil temperature minus
supplied oil temperature (˚C) K
10 1.5
15 1
20 0.75
25 0.6
d P
r
Example:
Bearing type 3022OU, F r=9.5 kN, n=1800 rpm
L o a k g f Oil quantity q
k N 0 0
3 0 0 0
Example when bearing temperature rise held to 0 cm3 /min
3 0 0 2 0 0
15˚C for oil supply temperature. 2 0 0 Shaft
0 0 diameter
1 0 0 100
12 1 0 0
7 0 0
0 d
mm
1 7 0 0 200
6 0 0 160
6 0 0
4 0 0 300
2 4 0 0
140
3 0 0
3 0
400
4
0 3 100
0
1 2 0 0 80 500
× 4 2 0 60
0
n
d 1 5 0 40 20
5
1 5
600
0
0
6 1 0 0
1 0 700
8 8 0 0
8 800
6 0 0
1 0
Bearing type
6
1 5 4 0 0 900
Self-aligning roller bearings
Tapered roller bearings 2 0
4 2 0 0
1 000
Angular contact ball bearings 3 0 2
Deep groove ball bearings/ 4 0
cylindrical roller bearings 1 100
1 200
Fig. 12.5 Oil Supply Quantity Diagram
64
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
The objective of sealing devices is to Sealing devices are roughly divided into
prevent lubricant from leaking out of the non-contact seals and contact seals. Seals
bearing and prevent dirt and water from can also be used in various combinations, the
getting inside the bearing. Sealing devices most common of
work well to seal and make the bearing dust- which are given in
proof for various operating conditions. Sealing Table 13.1.
devices are durable - they produce little
friction and no abnormal heat. They are also
good for applications requiring ease of
assembly.
Table 13.1 Main Seal Construction and Characteristics
Type Seal construction Name Seal characteristics
Clearance seal Extremely simple seal design with small radial clearance.
Oil groove seal Several concentric oil grooves are provided on the housing
(Oil grooves on inner diameter to greatly improve the sealing effect.
l housing side) When the grooves are filled with lubricant, the intrusion of
a contaminants from the outside is prevented.
e
s
t
c Oil groove seal
a
t Oil grooves are provided on both the shaft outer diameter
n (Oil grooves on shaft
o and housing side) and housing inner diameter to form a more efficient seal.
c
-
n
o
N Seal where labyrinth passages are formed in the radial
Radial labyrinth seal direction.
Used for housing vertically divided in two.
Provides better sealing than axial labyrinth seals.
13
Metal conduit Contact seals are generally used as oil seals.
l
a The type and dimensions are standardized by ISO 6194
e
s Spring (JIS B 2402). Sealing effect is enhanced by a ring-shaped
t
c Seal lip spring mounted on the lip of the oil seal, which presses
a
t the lip edge against the shaft surface.
n
o If the bearing and oil seal are close to each other, heat
C Lip edge Oil seal produced from the oil seal may cause internal clearance
of the bearing to be insufficient. Select bearing internal
clearance with proper regard for heat produced from the
oil seal due to peripheral speed.
Depending upon orientation, the seal functions to prevent
Dust prevention Lubricant lubricant from leaking out the bearing, or foreign matter
leak prevention from getting inside.
65
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
14.1 Bearing ring and Rolling element high speed, and plastics used in liquids, each
materials of which is used according to objective.
When a rolling bearing turns while receiving Dimensions of the same bearing steel are
a load, a lot of stress is repeatedly placed on subject to change in high temperatures in
the small contact surface of the bearing rings excess of 120˚C. Development of all kinds of
and rolling elements, and the bearing must bearings including bearings that are treated to
maintain high precision while rotating. That resist dimension change and those whose life
means bearing materials must satisfy the has been extended by modified heat
following demands. treatment and carbon-nitride surface
¡Must be hard. treatment.
¡Rolling fatigue life must be long.
SUJ2
1.10 0.35 0.50 0.025 0.025 1.60 characteristics. Teflon cages are sometimes
used for high temperatures.
66
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Inner ring fixing Outer ring fixing Fixing with snap ring
The most common fixing method is to fasten the edge of the Construction is simplified by using a snap ring, but
bearing ring to the shaft or housing shoulder by nuts or bolts. dimensions related to bearing mounting such as
interference with chamfers must be considered.
Snap rings are not suitable if high precision is
required and a large axial load is applied to the
snap ring.
15
67
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
15.2 Bearing Fitting Dimensions interfere with bearing seating. Dimensions are
The shaft and housing shoulder height (h) given in Table 15.1.
should be larger than the bearing's maximum If shaft fillet R is increased in order to
allowable chamfer dimensions (rs max), and enhance shaft strength, and the shaft
the shoulder should be designed so that it shoulder dimension is too small, mount with a
directly contacts the flat part of the bearing spacer between the shaft shoulder and
end face. The fillet radius must be smaller bearing. (See Fig. 15.2)
than the bearing's minimum allowable Grinding undercut is needed if the shaft is to
chamfer dimension (rs min) so that it does not be grind-finished. Undercut dimensions are
given in Table 15.2.
Table 15.1 Shoulder Height and Fillet Radius
ra max
rs min ra h
rs min rs min
rs min
Fig. 15.2 Method Using Spacer
ra h
rs min Table 15.2 Grinding Undercut Dimensions
rs min Undercut dimensions
rs min
b t rc
Unit: mm
1 2 0.2 1.3
h (Min.)
rs min ras max 1 2
1.1 2.4 0.3 1.5
General Special
1.5 3.2 0.4 2
0.05 0.05 0.3
0.08 0.08 0.3 2 4 0.5 2.5
0.1 0.1 0.4 2.1 4 0.5 2.5
0.15 0.15 0.6 2.5 4 0.5 2.5
0.2 0.2 0.8 3 4.7 0.5 3
0.3 0.3 1.25 1 4 5.9 0.5 4
0.6 0.6 2.25 2
1 1 5 7.4 0.6 5
2.75 2.5
1.1 1 3.5 3.25 6 8.6 0.6 6
1.5 1.5 4.25 4 7.5 10 0.6 7
2 2 5 4.5
2.1 2 6 5.5
2.5 2 6 5.5
b
3 2.5 7 6.5
rs min
4 3 9 8
5 4 11 10 t
6 5 14 12 rc
7.5 6 18 16
9.5 8
15 12 10
22
27
20
24 rc
15 12 32 29 t
19 15 42 38 rs min
b
1 If a large axial load is applied, shoulder height larger
than this value is required.
2 Used when axial load is small. The values are not
suitable for tapered roller bearings, angular contact
ball bearings, and self-aligning roller bearings.
Reference: ras max is the maximum allowable value for fillet radius.
68
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
15.3 Shaft and Housing Precision Table 15.4 Allowable Bearing Misalignment
Precision required for normal operating
Allowable misalignment
conditions is given in Table 15.3, and
allowable bearing misalignment for various Deep groove ball bearings 1/1 000∼1/300
types of bearings is given in Table 15.4.
Angular contact ball bearings
Using bearings in excess of these limits,
Single row 1/1 000
bearing life decreases and could damage the
Double row 1/10 000
cage, etc. Pay special attention to rigidity of
Back-to-back 1/10 000
the shaft and housing, mounting error
resulting from machining precision, and then Face-to-face 1/1 000
select bearing type carefully. Cylindrical roller bearings
Bearing Series 2, 3, 4 1/1 000
Table 15.3 Shaft and Housing Precision Bearing Series 22, 23, 49, 30 1/2 000
Dimension precision IT6 (IT5) IT7 (IT5) Single row and back-to-back 1/2 000
Face-to-face 1/1 000
Circularity (max)
Cylindricity IT3 IT4
Needle roller bearings 1/2 000
Shoulder runout tolerance IT3 IT3 Thrust bearings 1/10 000
Fit surface Small bearings 0.8a 1.6a (excluding self-aligning thrust roller bearings)
roughness Medium to
large bearings 1.6a 3.2a
Allowable alignment
Reference: In the case of precision bearings
(precision given on P4 and P5), precision
Self-aligning ball bearings 1/20
must be kept down to approx.
Self-aligning roller bearings 1/50∼1/30
1/2 for circularity and cylindricity.
Self-aligning thrust roller bearings 1/30
15
69
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
16. Handling
Rolling bearings are precision parts, and elements. This could dent the raceway
must be handled with care to ensure their surface, and should absolutely be avoided.
precision. The following care should be taken: Inserting bearing rings by striking directly with
¡Bearings must be kept clean. Dirt affects a hammer could crack or break the ring, as
wear and noise. Be careful of dirt in the air well as dent it.
as well.
¡Do not expose to strong shocks. Doing so (1) Mounting cylindrical bore bearings
could cause dents or crack the raceway As shown in Fig. 16.1, bearings with
surface. Do not drop or strike with a comparatively low interference are press or
hammer. hammered into place while applying an equal
¡In order to prevent rust, do not handle with load to the entire circumference of the bearing
your bare hands. Should be coated with by positioning the guide on the edge of the
rust preventative, and stored in package in bearing ring to be fit. If mounting the inner and
max. relative humidity of 60%. outer rings simultaneously, press fit evenly
using a metal block as shown in Fig. 16.2. In
16.1 Mounting either case, be careful the bearing does not
Remove all dirt, spurs, metal shavings, etc., become misaligned when you begin
from the shaft, housing, related parts and mounting. In some cases a guide is used to
mounting fixtures before mounting the prevent misalignment. If interference of the
bearing. Check the dimension precision,
shape precision, and roughness of the
mounting section and make sure they are
within tolerance. Leave the bearing in its
packaging until you are ready to mount it.
In the case of oil lubrication, or even when
using grease lubrication, if there is danger of
destroying effectiveness of the lubricant by
mixing with rust preventatives, remove the
rust preventative with detergent oil prior to
mounting. If you plan to apply grease after
cleaning the bearing, you should dry the
bearing somewhat before applying grease. If
the bearing is to be inserted on the shaft or in
Fig. 16.1 Inner Ring Press Fitting
the housing, you must apply equal pressure to
the entire circumference of the bearing rings
(inner and outer) while inserting. Inserting
while applying force to just one part will cause
the ring to become cocked to one side. If you Driving plate
apply force to the ring that is not to be
inserted, load is applied via the rolling
16
70
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
50 1 00 15 0 20 0 25 0 30 0 35 0 40 0 45 0 50 0 5 50 60 0
Bearing bore (mm)
(c) Mounting by withdrawal sleeve
Fig. 16.3 Heating Temperature Required for Heat Fig. 16.4 Mounting by Locknut
Fit of Inner Ring
71
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
radial internal clearance of self-aligning roller problem. If necessary, remove and inspect the
bearings, let the roller settle into their correct bearing. You can check the sound volume and
positions and insert a thickness gauge in the tone of the turning bearing by placing a
between the rollers and outer ring where there stethoscope on the housing (see Table 11.2).
is no load (Fig. 16.6). At this time, it is If there is a lot of vibration, it is possible to
important to measure with the rollers still. You infer the source of the problem by measuring
can also obtain the proper interference by amplitude and frequency. Bearing
measuring the amount of drive in the axial temperature rises along with rotation time,
direction instead of the amount of radial and then stabilizes after a certain period of
internal clearance reduction. time elapses. If temperature rises sharply and
does not stabilize no matter how much time
Thickness gauge elapses, you must stop operation and
investigate the cause of the problem.
Possible causes include too much lubricant,
too much seal interference, insufficient
clearance, and too much pressure. It is best to
measure bearing temperature by touching the
measurement probe to the outer ring, but
temperature is sometimes measured from the
housing surface, or if there is no problem with
Fig. 16.6 Measuring Internal Clearance of Self- doing so, by feeling the housing with the
Aligning Roller Bearings
hand.
72
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
(1) Cylindrical bore bearing removal large load. Such bearings should be designed
As shown in Figs. 16.7 and 16.8, a press or for removal by hydraulic means such as
puller are often used to remove small shown in Fig. 16.12. Inductance heaters can
bearings. Design must also take removal into be used to remove cylindrical roller bearings
consideration as shown in Figs. 16.9 - 16.11. with separable inner and outer rings.
Removal of large interference-fit bearings
used for an extended period of time require a
Notch
(a) (b)
Fig. 16.7 Removal by Puller Fig. 16.10 Notch for Outer Ring Removal
Fig. 16.8 Removal by Press Fig. 16.11 Bolt for Outer Ring Removal
Notch
16
Notch
Fig. 16.9 Notch for Removal Fig. 16.12 Removal by Hydraulic Means
73
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
Metal block
Fig. 16.13 Removal of Bearing W/Adapter Sleeve (b) Withdrawal sleeve removal
Metal block
16
74
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
16
75
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
As long as they are handled properly, important to know the type of machine used,
bearings can usually be used the entire extent the location and conditions of usage and
of their rolling fatigue life. Premature damage is construction surrounding the bearing, etc., and
usually the result of improper bearing selection, infer the cause from the situation when the
handling, lubrication or sealing device. damage occurred and the type of damage to
Because there are so many factors involved, it prevent reoccurrence. Primary causes and
is almost impossible to infer the cause from the corrective measures for bearing damage are
appearance of the damage. It is however given in Table 17.1 (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).
●Flaking
¡Excessive loads, fatigue ¡Select another type of
life, improper handling bearing.
¡Improper mounting ¡Reconsider internal
¡Rust conditions.
¡Improper lubrications ¡Improve method of
●Seizure
¡Insufficient clearance ¡Reconsider lubricant type
(including clearances and quantity.
made smaller by local ¡Reconsider internal
17
76
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
¡Insufficient precision of
●Cage damage
¡Excessive moment load ¡Reconsider lubricant and
¡High-speed rotation or lubrication method.
excessive rotation ¡Select a different type of
fluctuation cage.
¡Improper lubrication ¡Investigate rigidity of shaft
77
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
etc. performance.
¡Handling with bare hands ¡Improve method of
●Fretting
Insufficient interference
¡ ¡Select a different type of
¡Small bearing oscillation bearing.
angle ¡Reconsider lubricant and
78
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
●Wear
¡Foreign matter in the ¡Reconsider lubricant and
lubricant lubrication method.
¡Insufficient lubrication ¡Improve sealing
●Electrolytic corrosion
¡ Electric current flowing ¡Create a bypass for
through raceway current.
¡Insulate the bearing.
Tempered
layer
79
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
●Creep
¡Insufficient interference of ¡Reconsider interference.
fitted parts ¡Reconsider operating
●Surface matting
¡Foreign matter ¡Reconsider lubricant and
¡Improper lubrication lubrication method.
¡Improve sealing devices
(with filter)
●Peeling
¡Foreign matter ¡Reconsider lubricant and
¡Improper lubrication lubrication method.
¡Improve sealing
performance
(prevent foreign matter
Patches of minute peeling from getting in).
(approx. 10μm). Accompanied by ¡Perform warm-up
80
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
One-Point Advice
Bearing
Bearing Tips
Tips
81
NTN Rolling Bearings Handbook
■Reference material
Abbreviation Standards
BS British Standards
82