Step 3 - to understand the waves behavior in open and enclosure mediums

Individual work

STUDENT NAME: OSCAR GUZMAN CONDE

GROUP 203058_19

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: 1126318663

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2019 16-04
 Introduction

In introducing the document's usually described, and a brief explanation or summary thereof is
given. A reader to read the introduction should be able to get an idea about the content of the
text before reading itself. (4 to 10 lines).
 Questions: (write with your own words)

1. What are the modes of propagation of electromagnetic waves?

Electromagnetic waves do not need a material means to propagate. Thus, these waves can cross the interplanetary
and interstellar space and reach Earth from the Sun and the stars. Regardless of their frequency and wavelength, all
electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum at a speed c = 299,792 km / s. All radiations of the electromagnetic
spectrum have the typical properties of wave motion, such as diffraction and interference. Wavelengths range from
trillionths of a meter to many kilometers. The wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) of the electromagnetic waves, related
by the expression λ • f = c, are important in determining their energy, their visibility, their penetration power and
other characteristics.

2. What does it mean to polarize an electromagnetic wave?

Electromagnetic polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation.

An electromagnetic wave like light consists of a coupled oscillating electric field and an always perpendicular
magnetic field; by convention, the "polarization" of electromagnetic waves refers to the direction of the electric field.
In linear polarization, the fields oscillate in only one direction. In circular or elliptical polarization, the fields rotate at
a constant speed in a plane as the wave travels.

The polarization of the electromagnetic wave is defined as the path described by the electric field vector component
in its propagation, so as to maintain orthogonality with respect to the magnetic field vector component.

3. What is the phenomenon of total reflection of an electromagnetic wave?

Reflection is the change in the direction of the wave movement that occurs in the same medium in which it was
propagated, after affecting the surface of a different medium. It is governed by two laws:

 The incident ray, the reflected and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are in the same plane
 The angle of the incident ray 𝒾̂ and the reflection 𝓇̂ are equal

𝒾̂ = 𝓇̂
 4. What is the phenomenon of total refraction of an electromagnetic wave?

Refraction is the change of direction of the wave movement that occurs after passing this from one medium to
another in which it propagates with different speed. It is governed by two laws:

 The incident ray, the refracted and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are in the same plane

 Snell's law of refraction, which marks the relationship between the angle of incidence 𝒾̂ , that of refraction 𝓇̂,
and the velocities of the waves in means 1 and 2, v1 and v2, according to:

sin(𝒾̂ ) 𝑣1
= = 𝑛2,1
sin(𝓇̂) 𝑣2

Being n2.1, the index of refraction of the second medium with respect to the first, a dimensionless constant.

5. What is the purpose of Snell's Law in the study of the propagation of waves?
 Application exercises:

1. An electromagnetic wave of 𝑓 = 𝐺𝐺 𝑀𝐻𝑧 and 𝑃1+ = 200𝑚𝑊/𝑚2 , incident from the air
(𝜂1 = 120𝜋 𝛺), perpendicular to an infinite wall with an intrinsic impedance 𝜂2 =
𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝛺. Calculate the reflected power 𝑃1− and the transmitted power 𝑃2+ to the wall.

…
 Conclusions

Conclusion 1:

Conclusion 2:

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concepts explored, learned, discovered and practiced in the development of the activity,
it is suggested to present a conclusion by topic, the result of learning obtained as
evidence of conceptual assimilation.

To obtain a good writing it is suggested to read the written several times, correcting
and adjusting the text until obtaining a clear and coherent postulate. Avoid superficiality
and simplicity.
 Bibliography

Bibliography 1:

Examples of bibliography format:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City, Country:
Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of the book
(pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

Ebook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial. Retrieved from
http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of the book
(pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...
Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from http: // ...