CHAPTER 6: WAVES

6.1 UNDERSTANDING WAVES

PAPER 1

1 Diagram below shows a wave pattern.

Displaceme nt
Sesaran
A D

B C

Distance
Jarak

Which of the distances labeled A, B, C or D, represents one wavelength?

2 Diagram below shows the displacement-time graph of a wave.

5
0.8
0
-5 Time / s
Masa /s
What is the frequency of the wave?
A 0.20 Hz
B 1.25 Hz
C 2.50 Hz
D 5.00 Hz
3 Which diagram shows a transverse wave with amplitude 4 cm and wavelength 8 cm?

A
4 cm

8 cm

B
4 cm

8 cm

C
4 cm

8 cm

8 cm

4 cm
4 Diagram below shows a transverse wave propagating from P to Q.

P Q
Which of the following is correct about the direction of vibration and the direction of
energy transfered between P and Q?

Direction of vibration Direction of energy transfer

A
B
C

5 Which diagram shows an example of a longitudinal wave?

A Light traveling from a lamp to a screen

lamp
lampu lens screen
kanta skrin

B A water ripple caused by a dipper moving up and down

dipper
water

C A spring pushed backwards and forwards

 D A spring pushed up and down

6 A transverse wave and a longitudinal wave can only be differentiated by

A Amplitude
B Frequency
C Wavelength
D Direction of propagation
7 Which of this is a correct example of a longitudinal wave and of a transverse wave?

Longitudinal wave Transverse wave

A Gamma ray Light
B Sound Gamma ray
C Light Radio
D Radio Sound

8 Diagram below shows a displacement-distance graph of a wave.

Displacement (m)
Sesaran

16 Distance (m)
Jarak ( m)

0 20 40 60 80
-16

What is the amplitude of the wave, in meter?

A 16
B 20
C 32
D 40
9 Which graph shows the correct relationship between the wavelength, λ and the
frequency, f of water waves in a ripple tank where the depth of water is constant?
A C

f
0 f
0

B D

f f
0 0

10 Diagram below shows a displacement-distance graph of a wave. The frequency of the

wave is 5 Hz.

Displacement/ cm
Sesaran/ cm
0.5

0
4 8 Distance/ cm
-0.5 Jarak/ cm

Find the velocity of the wave.

A 4 cm s-1 B 6 cm s-1
C 48 cm s-1 D 96 cm s-1
11 The Diagram below shows the wave pattern formed by a dipper ripple tank vibrating at a
frequency of 4.0Hz.
The distance between the crests shown is 20cm.

20 cm

What is the velocity of the wave?

A 4 cms-1
B 5 cms-1
C 16 cms-1
D 20 cms-1

12 Diagram (a) and (b) show displacement-time graph and displacement distance graph
respectively for a wave.

displacement
sesaran(cm)
10

time(s)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 masa(s)

diagram (a)
rajah (a)
displacement
sesaran(cm)
10

5 10 15 20 distance (cm)
jarak (cm)

diagram (b)
rajah (b)

What is the velocity of the wave?

A 20 cms-1 B 30 cms-1
C 40 cms-1 D 50 cms-1
13 Diagram below shows a transverse wave produced by a thin rope.

20 cm
0 20 40 60 80

Determine the wavelength and the amplitude of the wave?

Wavelength/cm Amplitude/cm
A 20 10
B 20 20
C 40 10
D 40 20

14 The Diagram below shows a pendulum which is displaced to swing with a period of 2s. It
is allowed to swing until it stops

Which of the following graphs show the oscillation of the pendulum?

A Displacement
Sesaran

2 4 6 Time /s
Masa /s
B Displacement
Sesaran

2 4 6 Time /s
Masa /s
 C Displacement
Sesaran

2 4 6 Time /s
Masa /s
D Displacement
Sesaran

2 4 6 Time /s
Masa /s
15 A slinky is tied to the leg of a table. It is then moved in the direction as shown in the
Diagram below.
.

Direction of motion
Arah gerakan
X

The distance x is
A Displacement
B Amplitude
C Wavelength

16 The Diagram below represents a sound wave propagating in air.

C R C R C R C

9 cm

C-compression
R-rarefaction
-1
The speed of sound wave is 330ms . What is the frequency of the sound wave?

A 22 Hz
B 66 Hz
C 110 Hz
D 990 Hz
17 The Diagram below shows a wave.

Displacement (m)
Sesaran ( m)

0 20 40 60 80 Distance (m)
Jarak ( m)

The speed of the wave is 10ms-1. What is the frequency of the wave?
A 0.25 Hz
B 0.50 Hz
C 0.75 Hz
D 1.00 Hz

18 The Diagram below shows a wave.

Displacement (m)
Sesaran ( m)

0 20 40 60 80 Distance (m)
Jarak ( m)

The speed of the wave is 10ms-1. What is the frequency of the wave?

A 0.25 Hz
B 0.50 Hz
C 0.75 Hz
D 1.00 Hz
19 The Diagram below shows a displacement-time graph of an oscillating spring.

Displacement
Sesaran

0 Time
Masa

The spring undergoes

A damping
B resonance
C interference
D forced oscillation

PAPER 2

1 Diagram (a) shows a girl swing at a play ground.

Diagram (b) shows the displacement-time graph of the oscillating swing in diagram (a).

1.2 m

Diagram (a)
 Displacement (cm)
Sesaran (cm)

Time (s)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 M asa (s)

Diagram (b)

(a) Determine the amplitude of the oscillation in diagram (a).

a = ................................. m
[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Complete the statement below by ticking (√) the correct box.
Based on diagram (b), the oscillation by the swing is
forced oscillation

damped oscillation

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c) State one physical quantity that remains constant in the oscillation stated in (b).

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(d) From the graph in diagram (b),

(i) determine the period of oscillation, T
 T = .......................................... s
(ii) calculate the frequency of oscillation, f

f = ...............................................
[ 1 mark/ markah]

2 Diagram below shows a cross section of water waves in a ripple tank.

Light rays from a lamp

Sinar cahaya dari lampu

Water waves
Gelombang air

Base of ripple tank

Dasar tangki riak

White screen
Skrin putih

(a) Underline the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
Water wave is a (longitudinal, transverse) wave.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b) (i) Complete the rays in diagram above to show how the light rays pass
through the water waves to form a bright line on the white screen.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
 (ii) Mark on the white screen in diagram above to show the wavelength of
the water wave. Label the wavelength using the symbol λ.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c) Name the instrument used to freeze the motion of the water waves.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

3 Diagram below shows a group of identical pendulum K, L, M, N, O, and P.

The pendulum is arranged in line then L is allowed to oscillate. Consequences all the
pendulums starts to oscillate. It is observed that N is vibrating at the maximum
amplitude. The length of the pendulum affected the frequency of oscillation.

L N
O
M

(a) What is the meaning of amplitude?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
 (b) Observe diagram above, base from the diagram and the information given;
(i) Compare the length of the pendulums

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(ii) Relate the length of the pendulum L to N and the amplitude of the oscillation
of the pendulum N.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(iii) Name the phenomenon involved

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) Explain why the rest of the pendulums start to oscillate after pendulum L is
oscillated and pendulum N oscillates at the maximum amplitude.

[ 3 marks/ markah]

22 Diagram below shows two pulses of waves P and Q respectively moving toward to each
other in a slinky spring.
 a
P
R

-a Q

(a) What type of wave is produced in diagram above?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Sketch the shape of slinky spring and label the resultant amplitude of the pulse
when the two pulses meet at point R.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(c) Diagram below show the pulse moving slinky spring. Velocity of the pulse
moving slinky spring is 24 cm s-1.

12 cm
 Calculate the frequency of the pulse moving slinky spring.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

6.2 REFLECTION OF WAVES

PAPER 1

1 Which of the following methods is to reduce the echo inside a closed hall?
A Wall is designed using a hard and smooth material
B The inner wall is covered with sponge
C The floor is designed using a smooth material
D All curtains at the spectum of the electromagnetic waves

PAPER 2

Diagram below shows circular water waves produced by a vibrating dipper in a ripple tank
with the frequency of 10 Hertz and propagates towards a barrier.
 Wave fronts
Muka gelombang Barrier
Penghadang

(a) Complete the sentence below by ticking (√) in the correct box.
Water wave is
Transverse wave

Longitudinal wave

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) State the wave phenomenon that occurred.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) State the change in the amplitude and frequency of the water wave after it hit the barrier.
Amplitude:

Frequency:

[ 2 marks/ markah]

6.3 REFRACTION OF WAVES

1 Diagram below shows a water waves move from region X to region Y.
Water waves
Gelombang air

Region X
Kawasan X Region Y
Kawasan Y

Which of the following statements is correct?

A The waves move faster in region Y
B The speed of the waves is constant when it moves from region X to region Y
C The waves have a bigger frequency at region X
D The waves have a higher amplitude at region Y

2 What happens to the frequency and the speed of water waves when it moves from a
region of deep to shallow water?

Frequency Speed
A Decreases Decreases
B Unchanged Decreases
C Unchanged Increases
D Increases Increases

3 Diagram below shows wave patterns produced in a ripple tank with a sloping base by a
circular vibrator at S.
 S
X Y

Which statement is true?

A Region X is deeper than region Y
B Region Y is deeper than region X
C Both regions X and Y have uniform depth
D The speed of the wave in region X is greater than the speed in region Y

4 Diagram below shows the propagation of water waves from region X to Y.

X Y

vX

vY

Which of the following statement about depth, D and speed, v in region X and Y is true?
Depth Speed
A DX > DY VX > VY
 B DX < DY VX > VY
C DX > DY VX < VY
D DX < DY VX < VY

5 Diagram below shows water waves change direction when they move from shallow water
to deep water.

shallow water
air cetek

deep water
air dalam
What is the name of this phenomena?
A refraction
B reflection
C diffraction
D interference

6 Diagram below shows the water wave pattern formed when the dipper is placed at the
centre of the ripple tank.

Dipper
Penggetar

Which of this diagram is the possible side view of the ripple tank?
 A

7 Diagrams below shows water waves propagates from deep area to shallow area. Which
of the diagram will produce highest amplitude at Y?

Y
8 Diagram below shows the seabed near the shore. Which of the following changes
happened when the waves approaches the shore?

Velocity Frequency Wavelength

A Decreases Increases Constant
B Decreases Constant Decreases
C Increases Constant Decreases
D Constant Increases Decreases

9 The Diagram below shows a water wave in a ripple tank. The wave has a speed of 12cms-
1
at R. The distance between crests change from 3.0 to 1.5cm as the waves crosses
boundary PQ.

P
R S

3.0 cm 3.0 cm 1.5 cm

Q
1.5 cm
What is the speed of the wave at S?
A 3.0 cms-1
B 6.0 cms-1
C 12 cms-1
 D 24 cms-1

10 Diagram below shows a tank and a vibrator.

vibrator
penggetar

Water
Air
tank
tangki

When the vibrator is turned on, which of the following wave pattern can be seen?
A

11 The Diagram below shows wave fronts that move towards the beach from the sea. It is
observed that the wavelength became shorter when it approached beach.
.
 water wave
beach air gelombang
pantai

The phenomenon seen in Diagram is

A Interference
B Reflection
C Diffraction
D Refraction

12 Which of the following characteristics of waves will not change when the waves are
moving from deep water to shallow water?
A Direction of propagation
B Frequency
C Wavelength
D Speed

13 The Diagram below shows waves propagating through three regions P, Q and R.

P 15 cm Q 5 cm 10 cm R

What is the wave speed in region P is 6ms-1?

A 2 ms-1
B 4 ms-1
C 6 ms-1
D 9ms-1
PAPER 2

1 Diagram below shows the pattern of the water wave when the water waves propagated
from the sea to the beach.

Sea Cape
Laut Tanjung
Beach
Pantai

Bay
Teluk

(a) Name the phenomenon that involved in the above observation.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Why are the water waves follow the shape of the beach when its propagated from
the sea to the beach?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) Which of the following physical quantity decreases when the water waves
propagated from the sea to the beach?
Tick (√) in the correct box.

Speed Wavelength Frequency

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(d) The water waves with a wavelength of 1.2 m travels with velocity 2.5 m s-1 from
the sea to the beach. The velocity of the waves when reaching the beach is 1.8 m s-
1
.
 Calculate,
(i) the frequency of the water waves

[ 2 mark/ markah]
(ii) the wavelength when reaching the beach

[ 2 mark/ markah]

2 Diagram (a) shows the propagation of water waves in a ripple tank over a perspex plate
in the shape of a trapezium.
Diagram(b) shows the propagation of water waves from the sea as they advance towards
the beach..

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

Rajah (a) Rajah (b)
(a) Based on Diagram(a) and Diagram(b):

(i) State two similarities for the situations in Diagram(a) and (b).

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(ii) Name the phenomenon observed.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) (i) What is happening to the distance between the wavefronts as the water
waves approach the beach?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) The trapezium shaped perspex plate is replaced with a convex shaped Perspex
plate as shown in Diagram (c).
 Draw the wave produced as the wave pass through the convex shaped perspex
plate Diagram(c)..
[ 2 marks/ markah]

6.4 DIFFRACTION OF WAVES

PAPER 1

1 Diagram below shows water waves are moving towards a harbor.

Wave
Gelombang Sea
Laut
Harbour
P Pelabuhan

Sandbank
Benteng pasir

What will happen to the waves at P and Q?

P Q
A Reflections Refractions
B Diffractions Refractions

C Reflections Interference
D Diffractions Interference

2 Diagram below shows water waves being diffracted after passing through a slit.

Which action will produce circular diffracted waves?

A Increase the frequency of the waves
B Increase the speed of the wave
 C Decrease the wavelength
D Decrease the size of the slit

3 Diagram below shows water waves moving towards a harbour.

Harbour
Pelabuhan

Entrance
Laluan masuk

Retaining wall
Water waves Tembok penahan
Ombak

Which of the following statements is correct about the waves at Q?

A The frequency is decrease
B The velocity is increase
C The wave length is increase
D The energy is decrease

4 Diagram below shows the diffraction of water waves in a ripple tank.

When x decreases, the effect of diffraction will

A decreases
 B increases
C remains the same

5 Which of the following phenomenon best describe the wave pattern observed in diagram
below?

A Reflection B Refraction
C Interference D Diffraction

6 Which diagram shows the pattern of water waves which passes through a small gap
correctly?

C
 D

PAPER 2

1 Diagram (a) shows the pattern of the water wave after passing through a gap.
The experiment is repeated with difference wavelength passed through the same gap, and
the resulted pattern is as shown in Diagram (b).
 Direction of
Incidence wave Direction of
Haluan Incidence wave
gelombang tuju Haluan
gelombang tuju

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)

(a) What is the meaning of wavelength?

[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c) Compare the water wave pattern in Diagram (a) and Diagram (b) which formed
after the wave went through the gap.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(d) Based on your answer in (b) and (c), state one relatonship between the wavelengths
and the wave pattern formed.

[ 1 mark/ markah]
 (e) Name the wave phenomena which occurs in Diagram (a) and Diagram (b).

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(f) When the wavelength is same in both below diagram but the size of gap is
different. Draw the pattern of the water wave after passing through the gap in the
diagram below.

Direction of
Incidence wave
Direction of Haluan
gelombang tuju
Incidence wave
Haluan
gelombang tuju

[2 marks/ markah]

2 Diagram below shows the shape of the waves generated by a leaking water pipe that lies
at the base of the pond. Some stones are scattered around the leaking point of the water
pipe.
 X
Stone
Leaking Point Batu
Titik bocor
W Z

(a) Based on the shape of the waves generated

(i) Name the physical quantity that remains constant when the wave is
propagating outwards

[ 1 marks/ markah]

(ii) State the relationship between velocity and wavelength of the wave

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Based on the wavelength generated around the leaking point

(i) Label the 2 areas which are having the same depth with symbol A
[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Label the deepest area with symbol B.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) Sketch the wave formed after propagating

(i) Through slits X and Y
Melalui celahan X dan Y
 [ 2 marks/ markah]

(ii) Around stones W and Z

Mengelilingi batu W dan Z

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(d) Based on the answer from question (c), identify 2 facotrs that affect the diffraction.
Berdasarkan jawapan dari soalan (c), tentukan 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi kesan
belauan.

[ 2 marks/ markah]