PRMO Mock 2019

Hexagrammum16
Summer 2019

1 Instructions
1.1 You have 3 hours to attempt this examination.
1.2 Problems 1-6 are of 2 marks each, problems 7-21 are of 3 marks each, and
problems 22-30 of 5 marks each. There is no internal choice.
1.3 All answers are integers ranging from 00 to 99.
1.4 I hope you attempt the examination honestly.
*************************************************************************************************

1
2 Problems
1. Find the absolute value of the sum of the real roots of x5 + 6x4 + 15x3 + 20x2 + 15x + 6 = 0
2. Find the sum of all possible values of n, such that xn gives exactly n − 2 distinct remainders when divided
by 11, as x varies over all natural numbers.
3. A, B, C are distinct numbers in AP, and so are sin2 A, sin2 B, sin2 C. Find the smallest positive value of
B in degrees.
4. Let f (x) = 1 + cot x. Find:
89  
Y 1 1
−
i=1
f ( 2i ) f ( −i
2 )

where i is measured in degrees.

5. If p be a prime between 1 and 100, find the maximum value of [x] − p[ xp ] (x is any real number).
6. Hexa has a magic dartboard in the shape of a ∆ABC. Throwing her dart within a region XY ZW... on the
dartboard allows her to clear the test whose acronym is XY ZW... (in that order), if and only if she is
eligible to give the test. P, Q, R, M, N, O are the midpoints of BC, CA, AB, QR, RP, P Q respectively,
and I is the centroid of ∆ABC. Initially Hexa is untrained and throws darts at all points on the board
with equal probability. If the probability that in one shot, Hexa is eligible to give either the AIME or the
RMO is pq , where p, q are coprime integers and q 6= 0, find p + q.

7. After one year of practice, Hexa is now more sure of herself and always throws within ∆P QR, though
within that region she has an equal chance of hitting every point. If the probability that Hexa is eligible
to attend IMOTC is pq , where p, q are coprime integers and q 6= 0, find p + q.

8. For every n-sided equiangular polygon, define f (n) to be the maximum number of consecutive sides whose
lengths you can choose without uniquely determining the polygon. Find the last two digits of:
2019
X
f (n)
n=3

9. In ∆ABC, AB = AC and A is also the nine-point centre of ∆ABC. Find 6 ACB in degrees.
√ √
10. For natural numbers a and b, let N = (1 + a)(1 + b). Let n be the minimum degree of a polynomial
with integer coefficients which has N as one of its roots. Find the sum of all possible values of n.

11. For how many prime number values of k < 100 does the following condition immediately imply x = y = z
(x, y, z > 0)?
k k k
x−y+ =y−z+ =z−x+
z x y

12. For every triangle ∆, define f (∆) to be the number of distinct 9-points of the triangle. Further, let ∆1
be an isosceles right-angled triangle, ∆2 be a scalene right-angled triangle, ∆3 be an equilateral triangle,
and ∆4 be a non-right angled isosceles triangle. Find
4
X
f (n)
n=1

13. Find number of possible values of [x] (it is not necessary that all values of x corresponding to a value of
[x] would satisfy the condition) such that 0 ≤ p + q ≤ 2019 where p, q are defined as follows:
1 1 p
+ =
2[x] [−2x] q

subject to the conditions that p 6= 0, q 6= 0 and p, q are coprime integers.

14. ABCD is a cyclic kite (AB = AD, CB = CD) such that AD, BD, BC are in GP (increasing GP). Find
6 ACB in degrees.

15. Find the number of 0s at the end of the decimal representation of the number (352 − 1) − 32 (348 − 1).

2
16. If n2 , 5n and 6 are the sides of a triangle, (n is a natural number) what is the largest integer that always
divides the square of the area of the triangle?
17. A bicentric quadrilateral is one that has both an incircle and a circumcircle. Find the number of un-
ordered quadruples (a, b, c, d) (all natural numbers) of the sides
p of a bicentric quadrilateral with area 27
square units. [Hint: The area of a cyclic quadrilateral = (s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d) where s is the
semiperimeter and a, b, c, d are the lengths of the sides.]
18. Find the last two digits of the remainder left by 22019 when divided by 2019.
19. There are 15 countries in a continent. Each has some number of airports, which are classified into two
types: Tier I and Tier II. (Note that every country need not necessarily have both types of airports.)
Within a country, all Tier I airports are connected with each other through Domestic flight routes but
none of them are connected to any airport outside of the country. A Tier II airport, on the other hand, is
connected to every Tier I airport in its country through Special Domestic routes, and are also connected
with all other Tier II airports on the continent through International routes. (Thus there is at most 1 Tier
II city in a country.) International flights go higher into the atmosphere than Special Domestic flights,
which in turn go higher than the Domestic flights. An astronaut in space who can see the continent,
cannot observe international borders and hence cannot distinguish the countries. However, from the glow
of lights in the airports, and SONAR (which helps him to find out the height of aeroplanes), he can count
the number of airports, and the number of different types of flight routes. He observes a total of 90 airports
and 150 Domestic routes. Find the total number of Special Domestic flight routes on the continent.
20. If in the previous question, the situation changed such that the astronaut now observes 85 airports, 154
Domestic routes and 45 International routes, find the sum of all possible values of the number of Special
Domestic routes within any country on the continent.
21. A point P moves randomly inside a square ABCD. Let 6 AP B = θ. If the probability that
θ 2π
+ ≤1
π 9θ
q
p
is q, where p, q are coprime integers, q 6= 0, then find p + q.

22. For a prime p ≥ 5, define:

         
(p − 1)! (p − 2)! (p − 3)! (p − 4)! (p − 5)!
S= + + + +
p p p p p
Find the sum of values of S from p = 5 to 101.
23. Consider a square pyramid ABCDE
√ where ABCD is the square base with side length 5 units and
EA = EB = EC = ED = 4 2. If O is the centre of ABCD, consider a line l passing through E and
perpendicular to EO. The pyramid is revolved about the axis l, the resulting solid has volume equal to
√
(p q − r)π, where p, q, r are integers and q is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find p + q + r.
24. If a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, then find the number of integral values that that the
following expression can take:
X (2a + 2b − c)2

cyc
ab + bc + ca

25. There are three positive reals a, b, c such that a + b + c = 1. For every natural number n ≥ 2, f (n) = p + q
where p, q are defined as follows:
 hX n n n i 13  p
1 X X
max ar br cr =
4 r=1 r=1 r=1 q

where p, q are coprime integers and q 6= 0. Find sum of values of n such that 1 ≤ f (n) ≤ r
1000. [Hint: You
q Pr Pr
x ax y ax
n=1 n n=1 n
may use the following inequality: If x > y (both positive integers) then x ≥ y holds
for positive reals a1 , a2 , a3 ...ar .]
26. In how many ways can you express 26652 as the sum of 2 distinct perfect squares? (a2 + b2 and b2 + a2
are considered the same, and 26652 + 02 is not a valid sum.) [Hint: 2665 = 5 · 13 · 41. Also every prime
of the form 4k + 1 can be expressed uniquely as the sum of 2 perfect squares.]

3
27. Pascal’s Theorem states that for any 6 points A, B, C, D, E, F (not necessarily distinct) on a circle, the
points AB ∩ DE, BC ∩ EF , CD ∩ AF are collinear, and the line they lie on is called the Pascal line of
ABCDEF . Surprisingly, this theorem holds even if we rearrange the points of ABCDEF to obtain other
Pascal lines different from the first one. If A, B, C, D, E, F are all distinct, how many different Pascal
lines are possible by taking these 6 points and rearranging them?

28. Like her magical dartboard, Hexa also has a special chessboard which has only 4 rows and 4 columns.
One day, she removes all pieces apart from a single king in cell A1 (i.e. in the South-Westernmost cell)
and tries to move it through different paths to ultimately reach cell D4 (the North-Easternmost cell). She
follows a policy of ”no looking back”, so her king, in one move, can only travel one cell North, one cell
East, or one cell North-East (diagonally). How many distinct paths are there for the king to accomplish
Hexa’s wish?
29. There are 240 soldiers on Barrenland. There is another pool of 240 soldiers. After the end of every odd
year (the first year is an odd year), upto one-third of the soldiers can be rotated out. After the end of
every even year, upto one-sixth of the soldiers can be rotated out. If the maximum and minimum number
of soldiers that may have spent 5 years on Barrenland after 10 years are completed be x and y respectively,
find x + y.
30. Find the number of unordered triples (a, b, c) of natural numbers such that
X a2 (a + 1)
= 2019
cyc
(a − b)(a − c)

Best of Luck!

3 Notations Used
n
X
ai = a1 + a2 + a3 + · · · + an
i=1
n
Y
ai = a1 · a2 · a3 · · · · · an
i=1
X
f (a, b, c) = f (a, b, c) + f (b, c, a) + f (c, a, b)
cyc