Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium

guajava L.) on Two Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

Bipul Biswas, 1 ,* Kimberly Rogers, 1 Fredrick McLaughlin, 2 Dwayne Daniels, 3 and Anand Yadav 1

Abstract
Aim. To determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf extracts against
two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and two gram-positive
bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage
bacteria. The guava leaves were extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities
(hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water). The efficacy of these extracts was tested against those
bacteria through a well-diffusion method employing 50 μL leaf-extract solution per well.
According to the findings of the antibacterial assay, the methanol and ethanol extracts of the
guava leaves showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, whereas the gram-
negative bacteria were resistant to all the solvent extracts. The methanol extract had an
antibacterial activity with mean zones of inhibition of 8.27 and 12.3 mm, and the ethanol extract
had a mean zone of inhibition of 6.11 and 11.0 mm against B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively.
On the basis of the present finding, guava leaf-extract might be a good candidate in the search for
a natural antimicrobial agent. This study provides scientific understanding to further determine
the antimicrobial values and investigate other pharmacological properties.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3817707/)
Antibacterial activity of GUAVA, Psidium guajava
Linnaeus, leaf extracts on diarrhea-causing enteric
bacteria isolated from Seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus
kroyeri (Heller).
Gonçalves FA1, Andrade Neto M, Bezerra JN, Macrae A, Sousa OV, Fonteles-Filho AA, Vieira
RH.
Author information
1
Instituto de Ciências do Mar, UFC, Ceará, Brazil.
Abstract
Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis
and child diarrhea by those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. This study
screened the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from
guava leaves. The extracts were tested against diarrhea-causing bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob
shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of the bacteria tested,
Staphylococcus aureus strains were most inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed
greatest bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the tested
extract concentrations and their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity against S.
aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains isolated from the shrimp showed some resistance to
commercially available antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-made medicines in
diarrhea cases where access to commercial antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf
extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important potential
sources of new antimicrobial compounds.

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18327481)
Pharmacological Aspects of Psidium guajava: An
Update
K.A. Sanda, H.A. Grema, Y.A. Geidam and Y.M. Bukar-Kolo

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the use of herbal products has been increasing in developing
countries such as Nigeria. The common guava tree (Psidium guajava) is a medium sized
tree belonging to the family Myrtaceae which is native to tropical and subtropical
countries. It is popular in an indigenous system of folk medicine. Traditionally guava is
used for the treatment of various ailments like diarrhoea wounds, rheumatism, lung
problems, ulcers etc. Psidium guajava L. contains a number of major pharmacologically
active ingredients such as flavonoids, guayavolic acid, guavanoic acid, guajadial,
guajaverin and so many other active principles. This review summarizes the current
knowledge of major pharmacological constituents with major emphasis on traditional and
pharmacological activities. This plant reported to display various biological activities like
antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, anti-plasmodial,
anti-spasmodic, cardioactive, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory anti-nociceptive and
antitussive activity. In view of its wide pharmacological and biological activities, it seems
to be having a great therapeutic potential.

(https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijp.2011.316.324)
Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of Guava (Psidium
guajava L.) on Two Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
Bipul Biswas,1 Kimberly Rogers,1 Fredrick McLaughlin,2 Dwayne
Daniels,3 and Anand Yadav1
1MS Biotechnology Program, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and
Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
2Department of Biology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
3Department of Chemistry, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA

Received 4 July 2013; Accepted 13 September 2013

Academic Editor: Todd R. Callaway
Copyright © 2013 Bipul Biswas et al. This is an open access article distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.

Abstract
Aim. To determine the antimicrobial potential of guava (Psidium guajava) leaf
extracts against two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella
enteritidis) and two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus
cereus) which are some of foodborne and spoilage bacteria. The guava leaves were
extracted in four different solvents of increasing polarities (hexane, methanol,
ethanol, and water). The efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria
through a well-diffusion method employing 50 μL leaf-extract solution per well.
According to the findings of the antibacterial assay, the methanol and ethanol extracts
of the guava leaves showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria,
whereas the gram-negative bacteria were resistant to all the solvent extracts. The
methanol extract had an antibacterial activity with mean zones of inhibition of 8.27
and 12.3 mm, and the ethanol extract had a mean zone of inhibition of 6.11 and
11.0 mm against B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively. On the basis of the present
finding, guava leaf-extract might be a good candidate in the search for a natural
antimicrobial agent. This study provides scientific understanding to further
determine the antimicrobial values and investigate other pharmacological properties.

(https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2013/746165/)
 Antioxidant and antibacterial
properties of guava leaf extracts as
affected by solvents used for prior
dechlorophyllization
Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde

Soottawat Benjakul

Kitiya Vongkamjan
First published: 23 July 2018

Abstract
The impacts of different solvents used for removing chlorophyll in guava leaf powder on antioxidant
and antibacterial properties of resulting ethanolic extracts were studied. Among all solvents, acetone
was the most effective in chlorophyll removal, followed by chloroform as indicated by the lowest
chlorophyll a and b contents in resulting extract. However, the ethanolic extract from leaf powder
dechlorophyllized using acetone (ACE) showed the lowest antioxidant activities, except for
H2O2 scavenging activities (744.12 µmol TE/g), which exhibited the highest value (p < 0.05). Extract
from chloroform dechlorophyllized leaf powder (CHL) had the highest antioxidant activities (240.78,
2327.42, and 2598.41 µmol TE/g for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively), compared to
other extracts. For antibacterial activity, ACE had the highest MIC (≥2.5 mg/mL) and MBC
(≥5 mg/mL) against all tested microorganisms (p < 0.05). Chloroform was the appropriate solvent
for dechlorophyllization, and the resulting extract had higher antioxidant and antibacterial properties
than others.

(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfbc.12600)