M iX tU rE s..

.
 Mixtures
• A mixture is a combination
of two or more components that
are NOT chemically combined,
and retain their identities.

■Mixtures can be physically

separated. The identities of
the substances DO NOT
change.
 MIXTURES
Homogeneous Heterogeneous

-Uniform composition - Not Uniform in

composition
- Consists of one phase - Consists of two or more
phase
 MiXtUrEs
• When a mixture’s components are easily
recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a
heterogeneous mixture.
• In a homogeneous mixture such
as chocolate milk, the component
particles cannot be distinguished,
even though they still retain their
original properties.
 Solutions
• A mixture that appears to be a single
substance but is composed of particles
of two or more substances that are
distributed evenly among each other.
■A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid.
Examples of solutions
Liquid - seawater
Gas - air
Solid - alloys
 Solutions
• Dissolving – The process in which
particles of substances separate and
spread evenly amongst each other.

• Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is

soluble, or able to dissolve.
• A substance that is insoluble is unable to
dissolve, therefore it forms a heterogeneous
mixture.
• Solvent – substance in which solute is dissolved.
 Solubility

• The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed

to make a saturated solution using a given amount of
solvent at a certain temperature.
• Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100
ml of solvent (g/100ml)

• Three (3) methods that affect solubility

– Mixing, stirring, or shaking
– Heating
– Crushing or grinding
SUSPENSION
• A mixture in which particles of
a material are dispersed through-
out a liquid or gas but are large
enough that they settle out.
– Particles are insoluble, so they
DO NOT dissolve in the liquid
or gas.
– Examples:
• Salad dressing
• Medicines that say
“shake well before use”
 COLLOIDS
• A mixture in which the particles are dispersed
throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out.
• Made up of solids, liquids
and gases.

• Colloids also exhibit the

Tyndall effect Colloids
TYNDALL Solution
EFFECT
Examples :
Mayonnaise
Stick deodorant
Milk
 COLLOIDS
• The word colloid came from the Greek
word “kola” which means “glue-like”.

Properties of Colloids
➢ Brownian movement - rapid motion of colloidal
particles

➢ Tyndall effect - reflection of light by colloidal

particles
 COARSE MIXTURE
• A heterogeneous mixture where the particles can
be separated mechanically.
 MIXTURES
Homogeneous Heterogeneous

SOLUTION SUSPENSION

COLLOIDS
COARSE MIXTURES
 Comparison of Different Types of
Mixtures
Point of Solutions Colloids Suspensions Coarse
Comparison Mixtures
Type of Single Atoms, Aggregates of Larger Very Large
Particles small molecules Atoms, aggregates, particles
Molecules Molecules
Size of Particles 0.0 – 1 nm 1 – 100nm Greater than Bigger than
100nm Suspension
Examples Seawater Mayonnaise Muddy water Halo-halo
Effect of Beam Transparent Beam is very Beam is visible, Opaque
Light visible, Tyndall Tyndall Effect
Effect
Settling None Very Little Settle Rapidly Settle at bottom

Separation Cannot be Can be Can be Can be

separated by separated by separated by separated
filters or membrane but filters and by mechanically
membrane not filters membrane
 Identify whether the following is solution,
suspension , colloids or
coarse mixture.
1. Carbonated beverages solution

2. Pork Sinigang coarse mixture

3. Vitamin syrup suspension

4. Muddy water suspension

5. Mayonnaise colloids
6. Paint suspension
solution
7. Dental amalgam
8. Lotion colloids

9. Blood Plasma suspension

10. Vinegar solution

Separating
Mixtures
 SeparatIng MIxt
ures
DECANTATION
– A mixture of liquid and heavy
insoluble solid like soil can be
separated by allowing solid to
settle to the bottom of the
container while the liquid is Particles
settle at
poured off carefully into another the bottom
container.
 SeparatIng MIxt
FILTRATION
– process of separating
ures
the insoluble soild from
the liquid substance by
allowing the liquid to
pass through a porous
material.

Examples :
➢Mixture of water and Solid substance that
sand remains in the filter media

Liquid substance that pass

through in the filter media
SeparatIng MIxt
ures
Magnetism
– separates iron from other
objects.

Centrifugation
– spins and separates
according to densities.
 SeparatIng MIxt
Distillation
ures
- separates a mixture based on boiling points of the
component.

Examples :
saltwater
crude oil into gasoline
and kerosene
 SeparatIng MIxt
FRACTIONAL ures
DISTILLATION
– Employs the lowering
of temperature so that
more insoluble
component crystallizes
out first. The solid is
removed by filtration while
the remaining liquor is
subjected to a further
lowering of temperature.
SeparatIng MIxt
ures
CHROMATOGRAPHY
– a physical method of separation in
which the components to be
separated are distributed between two
phases, one of which is stationary
(stationary phase) while the other (the
mobile phase) moves in a definite
direction.
 Practice Problem
1. Which of the following describes decantation?
A. Heating the solution to dryness
B. Cooling the solution
C. Allowing the solid to float
D. Allowing the precipitate to settle

2. Tripod, wire gauze, burner, evaporating dish, and watch glass were
the apparatus prepared by Hans F. What methods of separation will
he use?
A. Decantation C. Floatation
B. Chromatography D. Evaporation
 Practice Problem
3. If you want to separate a mixture of iron fillings, stones and sand . By
picking and magnetism. Which of the following series of components
is being separated?
A. Iron filings, sand stone
. B. Stones, sand, iron filings
C. Stones, iron filings, sand
D. Sand, stones iron filings

4. What is the best way to separate the components of crude oil?

A. Decantation C. Fractional Distillation
B. Chromatography D. Centrifugation
 Practice Problem
5. What do you call the separating technique shown by the diagram below?
A. Distillation C. Fractional Distillation
B. Chromatography D. Decantation
 ANSWERS
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. A