1.

Lately,One hundred eighteen elements have been identified: the first 94 occur naturally on
Earth, and the remaining 24 are synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least
one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radionuclides, which decay over time into other
elements.

10. Hydrogen is also the most aboudant element with percentage of about 75% of the total
element mass of the universe. Most star formed by hydrogen inside plasma state. Relative
hydrogen compounds rare and rarely found naturally in earth, and his usually produced
industrially from various hidrogen compunds like methane.

13. Because of its geochemical characteristics, soil metals are rarely found in large quantities
and few are found in large quantities, so that the economic value is small. Larger and more
efficient sources of rare metal deposits coalesce into rarer soil minerals. The first mineral found
was gadolinite, a chemical composition composed of cerium, yttrium, iron, silicon, and nothing
else. This mineral is extracted from a mine in the village of Ytterby in Sweden. Some of the
names of earth metals also get names from the location of this mine.

14. Sharks are the type of the animal.Biologists believe sharks use these sensors to detect the
heartbeats of their prey and to navigate using the Earth's magnetic field. In 2004, Eric Stroud
found that magnets repel sharks, possibly by overwhelming their electrical sensors, and now he
says his team has found that some rare earth metals appear to have the same effect. Eric
Stroud and a colleague demonstrated the effect of magnetised rare earth metal on a lemon
shark they had just caught off the Bahamas.

15. An isotope is one of two or more forms of the same chemical element. Different isotopes of
an element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, giving them the same atomic
number, but a different number of neutrons giving each elemental isotope a different atomic
weight.

2. a ton of ore yields 0.683 ounce of gold, compared with 0.204 ounce at Barrick's Betze-Post
open pit next door. As a result, production costs at Meikle are expected to be around $125 an
ounce, compared with $149 at Betze-Post. In the first half of this year, the average cost of
production for gold mines in the Western world was $272 an ounce.

3. about 91 out of 118 elements including metals. therefore, there are 77.11% which are metals
in the periodic system of elements. the rest are semimetal and non-metallic.

4. An alloy is a combination of metals or a combination of one or more metals with non-metallic

elements. For example, combining the metallic elements gold and copper produces red gold,
gold and silver becomes white gold, and silver combined with copper produces sterling silver.
Elemental iron, combined with non-metallic carbon or silicon, produces alloys called steel or
silicon steel. The resulting mixture forms a substance with properties that often differ from
those of the pure metals, such as increased strength or hardness. Unlike other substances that
may contain metallic bases but do not behave as metals, such as aluminium oxide (sapphire),
beryllium aluminium silicate (emerald) or sodium chloride (salt), an alloy will retain all the
properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility,
opaqueness, and luster. Alloys are used in a wide variety of applications, from the steel alloys,
used in everything from buildings to automobiles to surgical tools, to exotic titanium-alloys
used in the aerospace industry, to beryllium-copper alloys for non-sparking tools.

6. An atom is a basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus and a negatively charged electron
cloud surrounding it. The nucleus of an atom consists of positively charged protons and neutral
neutrons. Atoms are grouped according to the number of protons and neutrons contained in
the nucleus. The number of protons in an atom determines the chemical element of the atom,
and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of that element.

7. Precious gases are elements of class VIIIA in the periodic table. Called noble because these
elements are very stable (very difficult to react).

9. The six most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and sulfur. Atoms of these elements combine and form thousands of large
molecules. These large molecules make up the structures of cells and carry out many processes
essential to life.