Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
De La Salle John Bosco College
Bislig City, Surigao del Sur
S.Y. 2017-2018

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE TASKS TO

THE HEALTH OF THE GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF DE LA SALLE JOHN BOSCO
COLLEGE

A research proposal presented to Mr. Leo Jovero

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research 12

RESEARCHERS:
Banug, Sobrina Fe R.
Caerlang, Jonathan R.
Canindo, Maritone
Josafat, Merchelle M.
Tabat II, Noel
Toraja, Filmar
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Rationale

According to McTighe, Jay (2015), a performance task is an assessment in school

that asks students to do an activity that requires training or skill to show their knowledge,

understanding, and proficiency. It yields an original and tangible product or performance that

serves as a basis of their learning. This is to develop and assess many of the most significant

outcomes found in the latest sets of academic standards. The research of effective learning

highlights the importance of providing students with various opportunities to apply their

learning to relevant and real-world situations.

This study tends to identify the different effects of performance tasks to the health.

The researchers will be able to know the different consequences that the performance tasks will

bring to the overall condition of the body. This research includes determining the different

approaches of the students in making their performance tasks with regards to their health and

what are the factors we need to consider when dealing with performance tasks to secure

health.

The researchers will conduct a survey to the grade 11 students. Each respondents will

be given a questionnaire and they will be providing answers to what are asked. With this study,

the researchers could help motivate the students to do their performance tasks without affecting

their health. The researchers will also help inform the students about the effects of doing

performance tasks while health is disregarded. To sum up, this study aims to identify effects of

doing performance task to the health of the Grade 11 students in De La Salle John Bosco

College.
Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this survey study is to determine the effects of performance tasks to

the health of the Grade 11 students in De La Salle John Bosco College. This study would like

to help the students know the different consequences of disregarding their health-conditions

while making performance task. The researchers would be able to identify what the students

should and should not do so that the health of the students would not be at risk. In addition,

this study could help the students to give importance to their performance tasks and at the

same time, to their health.

Statement of the Problem

Performance task plays a big role to the grades of the students. It is definitely

important to comply all the performance tasks and it takes time to make a creative output.

Even if performance tasks need attention, the students must also secure their health to prevent

unexpected diseases or damages to their body. It is necessary for us to determine the effects

of performance tasks towards the health of the Grade 11 students in De La Salle John Bosco

College.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How do the Grade 11 students prepare their performance tasks for submission?

2. What are the factors to consider when dealing with performance tasks to secure their

health?

3. What are the effects of performance tasks to the health of Grade 11 students?
Significance of the Study

Some of the students spend so much time in making performance task that sometimes,

they didn’t know they are putting their health at risk. In this study, the researchers will be

able to know the effects of doing performance tasks to the health of the Grade 11 students

and to be able to come up with recommendations on what the students should do in making

performance tasks that wont abuse their body. With the help of the results, we could give

information and suggestions that could help the students in dealing with their performance

task without affecting their health negatively.

With a healthy mind and body, students would be able to produce creative outputs.

With complete and good products of performance tasks, comes good grades. Then, this study

could help the Department of Education, who implemented performance tasks to their

programs, in having productive students. Being knowledgeable is not enough, one must be

determined, hardworking, and healthy too.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on describing the effects of performance tasks to the health of

the Grade 11 students in De La Salle John Bosco College located at Mangagoy, Bislig City,

Surigao del Sur, in school year 2018-2019.

This research included determining how students prepare their outputs for us to

identify the level of importance of the performance tasks for the Grade 11 students. It is

important for this study to know if students apply effort to their performance tasks. This study

also seeks to answer if the students disregard in taking care of their health while prioritizing

their performance tasks. This study does not involves the strategies, processes of how
 teachers provide performance tasks to the students, the quantities of the tasks given and the

quality of how students’ outputs are assessed.

The researchers limited this research to students of the following strands: Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMMS), Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM), General Academic Strand

(GAS), and Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL).

Conceptual Framework

GRADE 11 STUDENTS PERFORMANCE TASKS HEALTH

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. This study focuses to the

effects of performances tasks to the health of Grade 11 students of De La Salle John Bosco

College. Health, as a dependent variable, relies on the approaches of Grade 11 students to

their performance tasks.

Theoretical Framework

Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI model)

The ERI model was developed by Johannes in the early 1990’s. This theory assumes that

effort at work is spent as a part of a psychological contract, supported the norm of social

reciprocity, wherever effort spent at work is paired with rewards provided in terms of cash,
esteem, career opportunities. An imbalance relationship between the trouble spent and

rewards received may end up within the emotional distress related to a stress response, an

inflated risk of ill-health. Siegrist suggests that stress regarding the imbalance between effort

and rewards will arise underneath 3 conditions: particularly; has a poorly outlined work

contract or wherever the worker has very little choice regarding different employment

opportunities, accepts the imbalance for reasons such as the prospect of improved working

conditions and copes with the demands at work through over-commitment.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning attempts to modify behaviours which are generally voluntary in

nature and can be maintained by consequences / responses as opposed to classic conditioning

that deals with conditioning of automatic / reflexive behaviour which are not maintained by

consequences.

Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and

punishments for behaviour in other words it is a type of learning in which an individual’s

behaviour is modified by its consequences (response the behaviour gets); the behaviour may

change in form, frequency, or strength.This term was coined by B.F Skinner who believed

that we do have such a thing as a mind, but that it is simply more productive to study

observable behaviour rather than internal mental events.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Performance Tasks

Performance tasks are routinely used in certain disciplines where performance is the

natural focus of instruction. However, such tasks can (and should) be used in every subject

area and at all grade levels. While any performance by a learner might be considered a

performance task, it is useful to distinguish between the application of specific and discrete

skills from genuine performance in context. Thus, the term performance tasks in this study

refers to more complex and authentic performances. (McTighe, Jay, 2015)

According to Darling Hammond (2018), performance task is a task strategy that

assesses students' concept and skill and at the similar period improves the attitude and

concentration in the topic.

According to the study of Racquel G. Magsino, performance task is any learning

activity or task that asks students to perform to demonstrate their knowledge, understanding

and prof iciency.

K-12 Educational System

In the K-12 educational system, performance based-learning is the way of learning

that is being encouraged and incorporated to the curriculum. As to John Dewey as the

proponent of learning by doing – rather than learning by passively receiving. He believed that

each child was active, inquisitive and wanted to explore. Children are encouraged to learn

through experience, clarify the key points and apply the lessons to get practical results. Thus,

performance tasks yield a tangible product and/ or performance that serve as evidence of

learning. This presents a situation that calls for learners to apply their learning in context.
Importance of Performance Tasks

Performance tasks are important to students because they tend to learn their lessons in

other ways but the importance of performance task does not focus on the students only.

Teachers also benefit from implementing such tasks in their teaching. Teachers could

integrate the different topics into just one performance tasks and time will be managed

efficiently. This kind of integration along with traditional testing will give a comprehensive

picture of students' performance. The aforementioned was suggested by Hibbard, Wagenen,

Lewbebel et al. (1996) whereby traditional testing should be simultaneously working with the

performance task in order to produce a better way to deliver the curriculum. Moreover ,

giving performance task to students are well guided on their level of achievement as they get

immediate feedback based from the rubric assessed by their teachers. Self and peer task are

also encouraged in order to acknowledge their level of competencies in that particular topic.

Poor Rest Towards Grades and Physical Activities Effects

Students are aware of how important their performance tasks are which sometimes

result to poor rest. According to the study of Howard Taras, M.D., Acting Chief of

Community Pediatrics at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of

Medicine, kids can learn at just on the off chance that they are sound. Taras saw an example

that comes down to a straightforward announcement that ages have measured for a

considerable length of time: poor rest approaches terrible scores. He stated that poor rest was

the most unforeseen and complete reasons for poor academic performance, and most kids

require no less than nine hours of tranquil rest every night. However for some reasons,

school-matured youngsters and teenagers may get not exactly the prescribed sum. This

proves that this influences school performance. Taras also indicated that majority would

agree that activity enables children to perform better in school and physical action enhances
well - being. Physical action programs enable students to create social aptitudes, enhance

phsycological wellness and are related with less hazard taking practices. Physical action

enhances course, builds blood stream to the mind and raises norepinephrine and endorphins

that are regularly credited with decreasing pressure, enhancing disposition, and initiating a

quieting impact after exercise.

Proper Nutrition Towards Student’s Performance

Students sometimes disregard their health by not eating on time or not eating meals at

all. According to the study of Ross Amy (2010), proper nutrition has an effect on the

student’s performance and behavior in school, and it is even confirmed that nutrition has also

an effect on neurotransmitters which are important in sending messages from body to the

brain. However, some dietary components have a negative effects on this system, many of it

are commonplace in school-aged student’s daily eating habits. On 1980, Growden and

Wurtman suggested that the brain can no longer be viewed as an independent organ, that is

free from other metabolic processes in the body; instead it needs to be seen as being affected

by nutrition. The concentration of amino acids and choline in the blood lets the brain create

and use many of its neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, and

norepinephrine. Food consumption is important to the brain so that it will be able to make the

right amount of amino acids and choline, these are the molecules from the blood that is

needed for the brain to function. Colby and Morley (1981) stated that what we eat will

directly influences the brain.

Kretsch et al. (2001) has showed more possibilities about our nutrition having a role

that affects our cognitive functioning. Studies have been conducted with school-aged children

and a direct correlation between poor nutrition and low school performance. Iron also plays

an important part on brain functions, a relation was made between low iron levels in children
with attention span; children with iron deficiency anemia have shown to have short attention

spans. It is discovered by Kretsch et al. that zinc was another nutrient that had a role with

cognition, specifically with memory.

Diet Alters Cognition

Furthering the research supporting nutrition and its effects to cognition, Wolpert and

Wheeler cite the research done by Gomez-Pinilla, a professor neurosurgery and physiological

science. According to the study, diet, exercise and sleep have the potential to alter brain

health and mental function. It was suggested that diets high in trans fats and saturated fats

negatively affects the cognition. These trans fats are found in common fast food and most

junk foods. Through these trans fats, junk food affects the brain synapses as well as many

molecule that aid in learning and memory. (Wolpert & Wheeler, 2018)

Wolf and Burkman (2000) stated that offering the students the right food choices and

helping them develop positive, healthy eating habits will support optimal functioning of the

brain. Eating breakfast helps students to prevent stomach ache, headache, muscle tension, and

fatigue, all which lead to interference with learning.

Lahey and Rosen (2010) furthered the research that nutrition affects learning and

behavior and suggested that diet can influence cognition and behavior in many ways, which

include the condition of not enough nutrition or the condition of the lack of certain nutrients.

About one-third of the children who completed a food-habit questionnaire had inadequate

fruit and vegetable intake. These students also showed poor school performance as compared

to those students who had enough intake of fruits and vegetables.

Nutrition Education

Indicated in the recommendation part of the study of Ross Amy (2010), nutrition

education makes a difference in making healthy eating choices. Students at all levels should

receive nutrition education that will teach them the skills to make healthy choices not only at

school but at home as well as families should also receive nutrition bulletins throughout the

school year to help them reinforce what is being learned at school. Schools can't ignore the

importance of supporting healthy habits since about 35% of a student's daily calories are

consumed at school ( Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2005).

Definition of Terms

Operational Definition of Terms

Health - it is the overall body condition of a student or the state of wellness.

Imbalance Relationship - it is a state wherein a relationship between two things is not

balanced.

Performance Task - a set activities given by the teacher to a student that is needed to be

accomplished within a given period of time.

Over - commitment - working too hard to do the assigned task