POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

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POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ABSTRACT

This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear arrangement and
using
electronics gadgets. Large amounts amount of electricity can be generated saving lot
of
money. And if implemented will be very beneficial for Government.
When vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like, due to friction
between vehicle’s wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT Energy is produced, also

when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind.

The principle involved is POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
CONVERSION. There is a system to generate power by converting the potential
energy
generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the
vehicle
moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential
energy,
which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip. When the breaker comes down, they
crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism (a angular motion converter)
which in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this
shaft is
coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into
electricity.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

use of….OR directly we can say that all this energy that we can’t make use of is just
INTRODUCTION:
the
WASTAGE OF ENERGY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are
just trying to make use of such energy in order to generate an ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
An energy
This project crisis
will work onisthe
any great bottleneck
principle (or price
of “POTENTIAL rise) in
ENERGY TOthe supply of energy
ELECTRICAL
resources to an economy.
ENERGY CONVERSION” It usually
Potential referscan
energy to be
thethought
shortage
ofof
asoil and additionally
energy to a
stored within
electricity or other
physical system. natural
This energyresources. An energy
can be released or crisis may be
converted intoreferred to as of
other forms anenergy,
oil
crisis,
petroleum crisis, energy.
including kinetic energy shortage,
It is calledelectricity shortage
potential energy electricity
because crisis.
it has While notto
the potential
entering
change thea full crisis,
states of political
objects inriots
thethat occurred
system whenduring the 2007
the energy Burmese
is released If hanti-
is the
height
government protestsassigned
were initially sparked by then
risingKinetic
energyenergy
prices.ofLikewise theis the
above an arbitrarily reference point, an object
Russia-
extra
Ukraine gas dispute
energy which and the
it possesses Russia-Belarus
due to its motion.energy dispute
It is defined ashave beenneeded
the work mostly to
resolved
accelerate
before
a body entering
of a givena prolonged
mass from crisis
rest to stage. Market
its current failure is
velocity. possible
Having when
gained monopoly
this energy
during
manipulation of markets
its acceleration, the bodyoccurs.
maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes.
Negative
work of the same magnitude
A crisis woulddue
can develop be to
required to return
industrial actionsthe body
like unionto organized
a state of rest
from
that velocity. strikes
and government embargoes. The cause may be ageing over-consumption,
infrastructure
and sometimes
The kineticbottlenecks
energy canatbe
oilcalculated
refineries and
usingport
thefacilities
formula:restrict
In this fuel supply.
project a An
emergency
mechanism may emergepower
to generate duringby
unusually coldthe
converting winters. EMERGING
potential SHORTAGES
energy generated by a
vehicle
Crisis that currently exist include; • Oil price increases since 2003 - Cause: increasing
going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. When the vehicle moves over the
demand from the
inclined plates, U.S and
it gains China,
height the falling
resulting state ofin
in increase the U.S. dollar,
potential and which
energy, stagnation
is of
wasted in due to the U.S. occupation of Iraq. Iraq is #3 in the world (besides Saudi
production
a conventional rumble strip When the breaker come down, they crank a lever fitted to
a
Arabia and Iran) formechanism
its oil reserves. However someconverter).
observers have
ratchet-wheel type (a angular motion This instated the global
turn rotates a
oil
geared
production peak occurred in December 2005. If this is correct it is also to blame. •
shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to
2008
Central
convert Asia energy
kinetic energycrisis,
intocaused by abnormally
electricity. cold temperatures
A vehicle weighing and low
1,000 kg going up a water
height
levels
of
in an area dependent on hydroelectric power •
10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one
such
speed-breakerSouthon a busy
Africanhighway, where
electrical crisisabout 100 for
Solution vehicles
Energypass every
Crisis NEXTminute,
time on
about one
kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single
the roads, don’t scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small
minute.
villages
off the highway. This project is about GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY with the
“A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble
SPEED BREAKERS. Generally when vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of
strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a
energy like, due to friction between vehicle’s wheel and road i.e. rough surface HEAT
busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of
Energy is produced, also when vehicle traveling at high speed strikes the wind then
electricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end
also
heat energy is produced which is always lost in environment and of which we can’t
of
make

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

the day,” he said.

The Assam power ministry is expected to back the IIT pilot

project.

Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such
rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage
per
mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1 crore as opposed to about Rs 8
crore in thermal or hydro power stations.

Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually
light up small villages off the highway.An amateur innovator in Guwahati has
developed
a simple contraption that can generate power when a vehicle passes over a speed
breaker.
Kanak Gogoi, a small time businessman, has developed a mechanism to generate
power
by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed
breaker
into kinetic energy. The innovation has caught the eye of the Indian Institute of
Technology (iit), Guwahati, which will fund a pilot project to generate electricity from
speed-breakers.

The idea is basic physics. Gogoi has welded five-metre-long metal plates into
the
speed-breaker instead of the conventional bitumen-and-stone-chip rumble strip. The
plates are movable and inclined with the help of a spring-loaded hydraulic system.
The
fulcrum-attached plates are pushed down when a vehicle moves over them and
bounce
back to original position as it passes.

"When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in
increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip," Gogoi
says.
"When the plates come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type
mechanism. This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output
of
this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity," he
explains.

IIT Guwahati has evaluated the machine and recommended it to the Assam
ministry of power for large scale funding. A K Das, a professor at iit's design
department
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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

says it is a 'very viable proposition' to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity

untapped across the country every day.

"A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble

strip
produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of
electricity
can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day,"
he
said.

The Assam power ministry is expected to back the iit pilot project.

Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such
rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per
mega watt.

BASIC PRINCIPLES:
 simple energy conversion from mechanical to electrical.
 to generate electricity using the vehicle kinetic energy as
 input
 we can develope electricity from speed breakers
they are using 3 different mechanisms:

I. Roller mechanism

II. Rack- Pinion mechanism

III. Crank-shaft mechanism

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ROLLER MECHANISM:

ake use of….OR directly we can say that

A roller blind mechanism for winding and unwinding a rollable blind, the
mechanism comprising a support element, a drive sprocket which is rotatably
mounted on
the support element for transmitting rotational movement to a blind supporting
member,
and a manually-movable elongate flexible drive element which includes a plurality of
interlinked tooth-engaging elements, the drive sprocket including a plurality of
flexible
teeth engagable with the tooth-engaging elements of the flexible drive element.
A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a radial extent of the teeth of
the

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

drive sprocket is equal to or greater than a maximum dimension of the tooth-

engaging
elements of the flexible drive element.

A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 2, wherein the radial extent is

equal
to or greater than twice the maximum dimension of the tooth-engaging elements of
the
flexible drive element.

A roller blind mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the teeth of the drive
sprocket flex in a circumferential direction of the sprocket.

Rack and Pinion mechanism:

GY that is abundantly available around us. In this project we are just trying to make use of such energy in
order to generat

Rack and pinion gears normally change rotary motion into linear motion, but
sometimes we use them to change linear motion into rotary
motion.

They transform a rotary movement (that of the pinion) into a linear

movement
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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

(that of the rack) or vice versa.

We use them for sliding doors moved by an electric motor.The rack is

attached
to the door and the pinion is attached to the motor. The motor moves the pinion
which
moves the rack and the door moves.

CRANKSHAFT MECHANISM:

The crankshaft is a mechanism that transforms

rotary
movement into linear movement, or vice versa.

For example, the motion of the pistons in the engine

of a car is linear (they go up and down).

But the motion of the wheels has to be rotary.

So, engineers put a crankshaft between the

engine
and the transmission to the wheels.

The pistons of the engine move the crankshaft and

the movement becomes rotary.

Then the rotary movement goes past the clutch

and
the gear box all the way to the wheels.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF ROLLER MECHANISM:

Now I m throwing some light
oil production on theinvery
peak occurred new and innovative concept ie
December

GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM A SPEED BREAKER . Producing electricity

Before starting I have one question to you all who is really very happy
from a speed breaker is a new concept that is under going research. The number of
with the current situation of the electricity in India? I suppose no one . so this is my
vehicles
step on road is increasing rapidly and if we convert some of the kinetic energy of
to improve the situation of electricity with a innovative and useful concept ie
these vehicle into the rotational motion of roller then we can produce considerable
Generating
Electricity from a Speed breaker First of all what is electricity means to us? Electricity
amount
is of electricity, this is the main concept of this project. In this project, a roller is
the form of energy. It is the flow of electrical Power . Electricity is a basic part of
fitted
naturein between a speed breaker and some kind of a grip is provided on the speed
and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a
breaker so that when a vehicle passes over speed breaker it rotates the roller. This
secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal,
movement of roller is used to rotate the shaft of D.C. generator by the help of chain
natural
drive gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary
which is there to provide 1:5 speed ratio . As the shaft of D.C. generator rotates, it
sources. Many cities and towns were built alongside water falls that turned water
produces
wheels electricity. This electricity is stored in a battery. Then the output of the
to perform work. Before electricity generation began slightly over 100 years ago,
battery
is used to lighten the street lamps on the road. Now during daytime we don?t need
houses
were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed
electricity
by for lightening the street lamps so we are using a control switch which is
wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Direct current (DC) electricity had been used in
manually
arc operated .The control switch is connected by wire to the output of the
lights for outdoor lighting. In the late-1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation,
battery.
The control switch has ON/OFF mechanism which allows the current to flow when
transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which can be transmitted
needed.
over much greater distances than direct current. Tesla's inventions used electricity to
bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines. How is
One question that u all are thinking is why I have apply this on the speed
electricity
generated?
breaker
and not on the rough road or plane road where the kinetic energy of the vehicle is
more
then what I m getting on the speed breaker I m giving u one example, just think over
it. Electricity generation was first developed in the 1800's using Faradays dynamo
generator. Almost 200 years later we are still using the same basic principles to
A car or any heavy vehicle is coming with a speed of 100 mph on the road and
generate
electricity, only on a much larger scale.
passing over this roller which is fitted at the level of the road then this roller is gaining
the speed
The nearly somewhere
rotor(rotating 90ismph
shaft) (dueconnected
directly to losses).toSothe
now suppose
prime movera cycle is
and rotates
comingas
with a speed
the prime of 20
mover mph The
turns. and rotor
is going to pass
contains this roller
a magnet (which
that, whenis turned,
moving produces
at a speeda of
90
moving
mph) due to
or rotating this difference
magnetic in the
field. The speed
rotor there will be
is surrounded by a collision
stationarythat is the
casing mainthe
called
reason
stator,
for using
which this concept
contains the woundon the speed
copper breaker
coils or windings. When the moving magnetic field
passes by these windings, electricity is produced in them. By controlling the speed at
which the rotor is turned, a steady flow of electricity is produced in the windings.
These
windings are connected to the electricity network via transmission lines.

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POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

Side View

Top View

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

MECHANISM:(POWER HUMP):

In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to

day-to-day increase in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes

necessary that we must depend on non-conventional sources for power generation.

While
moving, the vehicles posses some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic

energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called

“POWER
HUMP”.

The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical

energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. This shaft is connected to
the
electric dynamo and it produces electrical energy proportional to traffic density. This

generated power can be regulated by using zenor diode for continuous supply .All this

mechanism can be housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called
hump.
The generated power can be used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic

signals. The electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in
series
this generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electric devices.
The
maintenance cost of hump is almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can

satisfy the future demands to some extent.

KEY WORDS:

Non-conventional sources, Kinetic energy, Electro-mechanical unit, Speed

breaker, magnetic field.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

INTRODUCTION:

In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The
availability and its percapita consumptions is regarded as the index of national
standard
of living in the present day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors
of
any countries economy. Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of
the
world has been increased rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings
has
increased. India is the country, which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power
generation. The capital energy consumption of U.S.A. is about 8000 K.W.H., where as
per INDIA is only 150 K.W.H. U.S.A. with 7% of world population consumes 32% of
total power generation where as INDIA as developing country with 20% of world
population consumes only 1% of total energy consumed in the
world.
The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for
power generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the
next
few decades. Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new
sources for the power generation, which is not depleted by the very few
years.
Another major problem, which is becoming the exiting topic for today is the
pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all kinds as on the land, in aqua and in
air.
Power stations and automobiles are the major pollution producing places. Therefore,
we
have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity
without
using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful
products.
There are already existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar
wind), OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc…for power generation. The
latest
technology which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy is the”
POWER HUMP”.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being
wasted.
This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement
called POWER HUMP. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical
technologies and electrical techniques for the power generation and its storage.
POWER
HUMP is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed
downwards
then the springs are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is
attached
to the bottom of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack
has
teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into
rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is
mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and
to
make the energy uniform. So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these
shafts
are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical
energy
into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional to traffic
density.
Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north
poles, an E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in it. So, for inducing the E.M.F
armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft.
By
rotating same e.m.f, is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is
utilized. The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one
way
a special component is used called zenor diode for continuous supply. All this
mechanism
can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called HUMP. The
electrical
output can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated
power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical
devices.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:

The various machine elements used in the construction of power hump

are
 RACK

 SPUR GEAR

 FLY WHEEL

 BEARINGS

 SHAFT

 SPRINGS

 ELECTRIC DYNAMO

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

A dome is mounted on four springs and in the bottom, a rack is clamped. The
rack consists contact teeth on both the faces. It is connected to two gear wheels to
rotate
the gear wheels only in one direction. We have inserted a free wheel in each gear.
The
free wheel and the gear assembly are mounted centrally. The flywheel is also
mounted on
the same shaft and the shaft is simply supported at the both ends by means of ball
bearings. Now a dynamo is connected to each shaft by belt drive. The output terminal
of
dynamo is connected to an electrical storing device. The total assembly is arranged in
concrete pit.
S.NO NAME OF THE MATERIAL USED QUANTITY

COMPONENT

1 RACK MILD STEEL 1

2 SPUR GEAR CAST IRON 2

3 FLY WHEEL CAST IRON 2

4 SHAFT MILD STEEL 2

5 SPRINGS CHROME- 4

VANADIUM

ALLOY STEEL

6 BEARINGS HIGH CARBON 4

CHROMIUM

STEEL

7 ELECTRIC ____ 2

DYNAMO

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

RACK:

Its primary function is to convert translatory motion into rotary motion. It must
have higher strength, rigidity and resistance to shock load and less wear and
tear.

Fig: Line diagram of power hump

SPUR GEAR:

It is a positive power transmission device with definite velocity ratio. In volute

teeth profile is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment. It should have high
wear
and tear, shock-absorbing capacity.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

FLY WHEEL:

The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces

the
fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and release the
same
when it is required.
SHAFTS:

It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to

another
place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels. It must have high
torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.
SPRINGS:

It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to

recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls
energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations.
BEARINGS:

It is a machine element, which supports another machinery. It permits relative

motion between the contacting surfaces while carrying the loads. They reduce the
friction
and transmit the motion effectively.
ELECTRIC DYNAMO:

It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It

works
based on “faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction”.

FIRST LAW:

Whenever a conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux an e.m.f is induced in

it.

SECOND LAW:
The magnitude of induced e.m.f is equals to the rate of change of
flux.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

CONCLUSION:

Energy is an important input to sustain industrial growth and standard of

living
of a country and can be directly related to per-capita energy consumption. The
conventional sources energy like coal, oil, uranium etc… are depleting very fast and
by
the turn of the century man will have to depend upon non conventional sources of
energy
for power generation.
The various types of non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy,
wind
energy, biogas etc… now by developing “POWER HUMP” we can generate power with

out utilizing any external sources mentioned earlier.

Now, vehicular traffic in big cities is more, causing a problem to human
being.
But this vehicular traffic can also be utilized for power generation by means of new
technique called “POWER HUMP”. If it is placed in heavy traffic roads, the weight and

kinetic energy of the vehicles can be used to produce mechanical power in shafts and
this
mechanical power is once again converted into electrical
energy.
As it does not utilize any external source, and traffic will never be reduced,
these power humps are more reliable, and have more life than any other power
source. It
is also feasible from the customer point of view as follows.
The total installation cost of the hump is 6000 rupees.
Total cost = 6000 rupees
Say with improvements in design it can glow 5 streetlights of 40-watt capacity,
which will consume 2.7 K.W.H. per day.
For t years electricity bill will be 2986.5*t
T=2years
i.e. the consumer will be repaid his investment with in 2 years period. From
this
onwards, there will be no investment and free of cost. The life of POWER HUMP is
estimated to be 6 years. So the customer will get free power generation for 4 years
period.
But the major drawback of this POWER HUMP is design of springs. When
we have less traffic and there is difficulty in design of springs also the generation of
power is intermittent, we have to smooth out this
variations.

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

With proper improvements in design and installation, we can produce

240v/230v with 5-10A power smoothly and can be used for public use like streetlights
or
traffic signals.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM OF RACK AND PINION

MECHANISM:

This mechanism is the third mechanism . it is the crank shaft mechanism

.whenever the vehicle going on the speed breaker ,the speed breaker goes
downwards .so,
the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. here, we are used crank shaft

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 POWER GENERATION USING SPEED BREAKERS

mechanism
Conclusion:for the development of the small amount of electricity. the electricity
saves
on the battery storage unit .the crank shaft mechanism is regained its previous
position
vice versa..
As day by day power consumption increases but electric crisis occur. So
the
minor needs of electricity such as street lights and traffic sigals can be generated
from
speed breakers. Instead of wasting kinetic energy of vehicles at speed breakers the
Advantages:
minor
needs can be met bt converting kinetic energy to electrical
 Low budget electricity production
energy.
 Less floor area
 No obstruction to traffic
 Easy maintenance
 Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.
 Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets,
etc

Disadvantages:

 Selecting suitable generator.

 Selection of springs.
 Achieving proper balance of speed and torque.
 It gives low electric output

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