Fire Protection

System
A P P ROV E D D E V I C ES , EQ U I P M E N T ' S , A N D S Y S T E M S O R
CO M B I N AT I O N S O F S Y S T E M S U S E D TO D E T EC T A F I R E ,
A C T I VAT E A N A L A R M , E X T I N G U I S H O R CO N T RO L A F I R E ,
CO N T RO L O R M A N AG E S M O K E A N D P RO D U C TS O F A F I R E O R
A N Y CO M B I N AT I O N T H E R EO F
 Classifications of Fire
Fires are classified by the types of fuel they burned
The 5 types are:
A
B
C
D
K
Class A fires (Ash)
Wood
Paper
Plastic
Rags
Class B Fires (Boil)
Gasoline
Oil
Grease
Paint
Class C Fires (Current)
Electrical Fires
– Office Equipment
– Motors
– Switchgear
– Heaters
Class D Fires
Combustible Metals
–Potassium
–Sodium
–Aluminum
–Magnesium
Class K (Kitchen Fire)
Extinguishing Medium
•Class A – water is the best extinguishant
•Class B – metal cover, wet sack, towel cloth or
blanket, sand and soil
•Class C – main switch is the first consideration.
What is useful for A & B can be used here.
•Class D – Dry powder
•Class K – Potassium based.
Fire Statistics
Electrical - 22 %
Incendiarism -10 %
Smoking- 9 %
Hot Surfaces - 9 %
Friction - 7 %
Welding & Cutting - 7 %
Spontaneous Ignition - 5 %
Static Electricity - 2 %
Electrical Fire
Short-Circuit
Overload
Damaged wires
Loose Connection
Welding and Cutting
Hot-work Permit System

Hot work is defined as

cutting and welding
operations for
construction/demolition
activities that involve the
use of portable gas or arc
welding equipment, or
involve soldering,
grinding, or any other
similar activities producing
a spark, flame, or heat.
Friction
Generation of Static Charge
Importance of Bonding and
Grounding
Fire detection Systems
 Reasons of fire detection
1. To notify occupants of a facility to take necessary evasive
action to escape the dangers of a hostile fire,
2. To summon organized assistance to initiate or to assist in fire
control,
3. To initiate automatic fire control and suppression systems
and to sound an alarm,
4. To supervise fire control and suppression systems to ensure
that operational status is maintained,
5. To initiate a wide variety of auxiliary functions involving
environmental, utility, and process controls(including control of
elevators).
Types of Early detection
Fire detection and alarm systems:
1. Manual- designed to only initiated
manually-that is, by pulling a handle.
2. Automatic - They are design to detect
heat, smoke, fire gases, or flame without
human intervention.
***All devices and alarm systems should be in
accordance to NFPA 72
 Fixed-Temperature Heat
Detectors
relatively inexpensive compared to
other type,
least prone to false activation,
activate when they are heated to the
temperature for which they are
rated,
installed in the highest portions of a
room rated 135°F – 174°F are
common for living spaces 200°F or
more for attic and other areas
Alarms and Warning Signs
Audible and Visible Signals
shall be in accordance with
NFPA 72
Installations, inspection,
testing and monitoring
should be in accordance to
the provision
 Alarm Gong
an alarm gong mounted on the
outside of the building warns of
water flow through the alarm
valve upon activation of a
sprinkler head
this warning gives the building
personnel an opportunity to
make additional firefighting
arrangements that can minimize
loss and speed the termination
of the fire
 Incorporating PSME Code
All new buildings and structure should have
an approved manual or automatic fire alarm
system in accordance to NFPA 72.
Where automatic fire sprinkler protection is
provided and connected to the new building
fire alarm system-not required
A minimum of ONE fire alarm box shall be
installed for each fire alarm system at a
location approved by enforcing agency
 Incorporating PSME Code
A single fire alarm should be installed if
there are sprinkler.
A manual fire alarm system shall be installed
having an occupant of 300 or more
Exception: If there is automatic fire sprinkler
system, no need for manual fire alarm box
 Incorporating PSME Code
With an occupant load of 1000 or more, an
emergency voice alarm communication system
should be provided
Every building used for educational purposes
regardless of occupancy classification shall be
provided with an approved fire alarm system
Smoke detectors shall be located at the ceiling
of every room and in area with “Ceiling
plenums” utilized for environmental air
 Manual System Operation
Location
A manual actuation device shall be located at
or near a means of egress from the cooking
area, a minimum of 10 feet and maximum of
20 ft from the kitchen exhaust system.
The manual actuation shall require a
maximum force of 40 pounds or 178 Newton
to actuate the fire suppression system
Modes of Fire/Heat Transfer
•Conduction
•Convection
•Radiation
Modes of Fire/Heat Transfer
Convection – transfer of heat through hot gases or liquid flowing around
a cooler object.
Modes of Fire/Heat Transfer
Radiation – transfer through rays