JGH - E - K - T Technical Manual PDF

Maintenance
and Repair
Manual
For JGH:E:K:T Heavy Duty
Balanced Opposed
Compressors
ARIEL CORPORATION
35 BLACKJACK ROAD, MOUNT VERNON, OHIO 43050
TELEPHONE: 740-397-0311 FAX: 740-397-3856
VISIT OUR WEB SITE: www.arielcorp.com
REV: 3/11
For Models: JGE:H:K:T
Table of Contents
List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................v
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................vii
General Safety - Reciprocating Compressors ..............................................................................viii
Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations ................................................................................ix
Ariel Contact Information ..................................................................................................................x
Other Ariel Resources........................................................................................................................x
Ariel Website .................................................................................................................................. x
Ariel Technical and Service Schools .............................................................................................. x
SECTION 1 - TOOLS
Ariel Optional Furnished Tools ..................................................................................................... 1-1
Ariel Separately Purchased Tools ................................................................................................ 1-2
Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits ......................................................................................... 1-3
Recommended Tools ..................................................................................................................... 1-4
SECTION 2 - INSTRUMENTATION
Proflo Lubricator Fluid-Flow Monitor/No-Flow Timer Switch..................................................... 2-1
Normally Open and Normally Closed Definition.......................................................................... 2-2
Proflo Installation ........................................................................................................................ 2-2
Proflo Button Operation .............................................................................................................. 2-2
Display Errors ............................................................................................................................. 2-3
Proflo Battery Replacement........................................................................................................ 2-4
................................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Proflo Jr. No-Flow Switch .............................................................................................................. 2-6
Proflo Jr. Installation ................................................................................................................... 2-6
Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement................................................................................................... 2-7
Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT)........................................................................................................ 2-7
DNFT Installation........................................................................................................................ 2-8
Programmable DNFTs................................................................................................................ 2-9
DNFT Battery Replacement ..................................................................................................... 2-10
Troubleshooting DNFT’s........................................................................................................... 2-11
Proximity Switch ....................................................................................................................... 2-12
Proximity Switch Installation ..................................................................................................... 2-12
Main Bearing Temperature Alarm and Shutdown ..................................................................... 2-12
Thermocouples - J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel).................................................. 2-12
Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD’s) ............................................................................... 2-13
Alarm and Shutdown Limits...................................................................................................... 2-13
SECTION 3 - MAINTENANCE
Initial Maintenance...................................................................................................................... 3-2
Daily Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 3-2
Monthly Maintenance ................................................................................................................. 3-4
Six-Month (4,000 Hour) Maintenance......................................................................................... 3-4
One-Year (8,000 Hour) Maintenance ......................................................................................... 3-5
Two-Year (16,000 Hour) Maintenance ....................................................................................... 3-6
Three-Year (24,000 Hour) Maintenance..................................................................................... 3-6
Four-Year (32,000 Hour) Maintenance....................................................................................... 3-6
Six-Year (48,000 Hour) Maintenance ......................................................................................... 3-6
Checking Lubrication ..................................................................................................................... 3-7
Oil Pump..................................................................................................................................... 3-7
Oil Pressure Regulating Valve ............................................................................................. 3-7
Low Oil Pressure Shutdown ....................................................................................................... 3-7
Oil Cooler.................................................................................................................................... 3-8
Oil Temperature Control Valve............................................................................................. 3-8
Frame Oil System Components .................................................................................................... 3-8
3/11 i
Oil Strainer.................................................................................................................................. 3-8

Oil Filter ...................................................................................................................................... 3-8
Simplex Spin-on Filter Replacement .................................................................................... 3-9
Simplex Filter Cartridge Replacement.................................................................................. 3-9
Duplex Filter Cartridge Replacement ................................................................................... 3-9
Compressor Prelube Pump ........................................................................................................ 3-9
Oil Heaters................................................................................................................................ 3-10
Frame Oil ....................................................................................................................................... 3-12
Frame Oil Pressure .................................................................................................................. 3-12
Frame Oil Temperature ............................................................................................................ 3-13
Frame Oil Maintenance ............................................................................................................ 3-13
Frame Oil Sampling .................................................................................................................. 3-13
Dry Sump.................................................................................................................................. 3-13
Oil System Cleanliness............................................................................................................. 3-13
Force Feed Lubrication System Components ........................................................................... 3-14
Force Feed Lubricator .............................................................................................................. 3-15
Force Feed Lubricator Adjustment ..................................................................................... 3-15
Blow-Out Fittings, Rupture Disks, and Tubing.......................................................................... 3-16
Distribution Blocks .................................................................................................................... 3-16
Distribution Block Assembly ............................................................................................... 3-17
Divider Valve Bypass Pressure Test .................................................................................. 3-17
Balance Valves .......................................................................................................................... 3-18
Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block....................................................... 3-19
Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by Primary/Secondary Divider Blocks ........................ 3-20
Subsequent Compressor Start-Up ........................................................................................... 3-20
Oil Head at Lube Points............................................................................................................ 3-21
Gas Inlet Debris Screens.......................................................................................................... 3-21
Injection Oil Inlet Filter .............................................................................................................. 3-21
Force Feed System Design & Operating Parameters ........................................................................ 3-21
Common Oil Supply.................................................................................................................. 3-23
Independent Oil Supply ............................................................................................................ 3-24
Force Feed Lubrication Conditions ............................................................................................ 3-24
Cylinder Lubrication Paper Test ............................................................................................... 3-24
Under/Over Lube ...................................................................................................................... 3-25
Lubricator Cycle Time............................................................................................................... 3-25
Break-in Rate...................................................................................................................... 3-25
Packing Coolant System Requirements ..................................................................................... 3-26
SECTION 4 PART REPLACEMENT
Positioning a Throw ....................................................................................................................... 4-1
Variable Volume Clearance Pocket (VVCP).................................................................................. 4-2
VVCP Removal........................................................................................................................... 4-2
VVCP Disassembly .................................................................................................................... 4-2
VVCP Reassembly ..................................................................................................................... 4-4
VVCP Installation........................................................................................................................ 4-5
VVCP Adjustment ....................................................................................................................... 4-5
Valves .............................................................................................................................................. 4-6
Valve Removal ........................................................................................................................... 4-6
Valve Installation ........................................................................................................................ 4-7
Torquing Valve Cap Bolts ........................................................................................................... 4-7
Piston and Rod ............................................................................................................................... 4-8
Piston and Rod Removal ............................................................................................................ 4-8
Manual Torquing of Piston Nuts ................................................................................................. 4-9
Manual Piston and Rod Disassembly................................................................................... 4-9
Manual Piston and Rod Reassembly ................................................................................. 4-10
Hydraulic Torquing of Piston Nuts ............................................................................................ 4-11
Piston and Rod Disassembly with Hydraulic Tool .............................................................. 4-12
Piston & Rod Reassembly with Hydraulic Tool .................................................................. 4-13
ii 3/11
Piston and Rod Installation....................................................................................................... 4-14

Piston Rod Runout ................................................................................................................... 4-14
Piston Rings.................................................................................................................................. 4-15
Piston Ring Installation ............................................................................................................. 4-15
High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Rings...................................................................................... 4-16
Wear Bands.............................................................................................................................. 4-16
Piston Rod Packing ...................................................................................................................... 4-16
Piston Rod Packing Removal ................................................................................................... 4-16
Piston Rod Packing Reassembly ............................................................................................. 4-17
Long Two-Compartment Intermediate Packing ........................................................................ 4-18
Types of Piston Rod Packing Rings ......................................................................................... 4-19
“P” Pressure Breaker.......................................................................................................... 4-19
“UP” Pressure Breaker ....................................................................................................... 4-19
“P1U” Pressure Breaker ..................................................................................................... 4-19
“BTR” Single Acting Seal Set ............................................................................................. 4-19
“BD” Double Acting Seal Set .............................................................................................. 4-20
"WAT" Double Acting Seal Set........................................................................................... 4-20
“AL” Double Acting Seal Set............................................................................................... 4-20
“BTU” Single Acting Seal Set ............................................................................................. 4-20
“BTUU” Single Acting Seal Set........................................................................................... 4-21
“CU” Single Acting Seal Set ............................................................................................... 4-21
“STU” Single Acting Seal Set ............................................................................................. 4-21
“CR” Single Acting Seal Set ............................................................................................... 4-21
“3RWS” Oil Wiper Set ........................................................................................................ 4-22
Arrangement of Piston Rod Packing Rings .............................................................................. 4-22
Piston Rod Packing Ring Material ............................................................................................ 4-22
Water-Cooled Piston Rod Packing ............................................................................................. 4-23
Reassembly.............................................................................................................................. 4-23
Testing...................................................................................................................................... 4-23
Crossheads ................................................................................................................................... 4-24
Crosshead Removal ................................................................................................................. 4-24
Crosshead Installation .............................................................................................................. 4-25
Connecting Rods .......................................................................................................................... 4-28
Connecting Rod Removal......................................................................................................... 4-28
Connecting Rod Bearing Removal and Installation .................................................................. 4-28
Connecting Rod Bushing Removal and Installation ................................................................. 4-29
Connecting Rod Installation...................................................................................................... 4-30
Crankshaft ..................................................................................................................................... 4-31
Crankshaft Removal ................................................................................................................. 4-31
Oil Slinger Removal.................................................................................................................. 4-32
Oil Slinger Installation............................................................................................................... 4-32
Chain Sprocket Removal.......................................................................................................... 4-33
Chain Sprocket Installation....................................................................................................... 4-33
Main Bearing Removal/Installation with Crankshaft Removed................................................. 4-33
Main Bearings Removal/Installation with Crankshaft in Place.................................................. 4-33
Main Bearings - Checking Clearances ..................................................................................... 4-35
Crankshaft Installation .............................................................................................................. 4-36
Torsional Vibration Detuner Installation on Crankshaft ............................................................ 4-37
Chain Drive System ...................................................................................................................... 4-39
Description - JGH:E:K:T/2/4 ..................................................................................................... 4-39
Description - JGE:K:T/6............................................................................................................ 4-39
Chain Adjustment ..................................................................................................................... 4-40
Chain and Sprocket Replacement .............................................................................................. 4-41
Chain Idler Sprockets Replacement (Eccentric Adjustment Caps) ...................................................4-41
Lube Oil Pump Sprocket Replacement .................................................................................... 4-41
Force Feed Lubricator Chain Sprocket Replacement .............................................................. 4-42
Ethylene Glycol Contamination .................................................................................................. 4-43
Component Cleaning and Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor Cylinders ...................... 4-43
3/11 iii
SECTION 5 - START UP
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data and Start Up Check Lists for
JG:A:M:N:P:Q:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D Reciprocating Compressors .................................................................. 5-1
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data............................................................................... 5-1
SECTION 6 - TROUBLESHOOTING
APPENDIX A ARIEL FASTENERS AND TORQUES
Recommendations for Torque Accuracy .................................................................................... A-2
APPENDIX B - CLEARANCES
APPENDIX C - FRAME SPECIFICATIONS
Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing ....................................................................C-3
APPENDIX D COMPRESSOR CLEARANCE, OIL, AND TEMPERATURE RECORD
iv 3/11
For Models: JGH:E:K:T
List of Figures
FIGURE I-1 Separable Guide Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations - Typical............................. ix
FIGURE 1-1 Ariel Optional Furnished Tools for JGH:E:K:T Compressors ............................................. 1-1
FIGURE 1-2 Ariel Separately Purchased Tools for JGH:E:K:T Compressors ........................................ 1-2
FIGURE 2-1 Proflo Electronic Lubricator Fluid Flow Monitor and No-Flow Timer Switch ...................... 2-1
FIGURE 2-2 Proflo Installation ............................................................................................................... 2-2
FIGURE 2-3 Proflo Rear Battery Compartment...................................................................................... 2-5
FIGURE 2-4 Proflo Jr. Installation .......................................................................................................... 2-6
FIGURE 2-5 Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement .......................................................................................... 2-7
FIGURE 2-6 Typical DNFT Magnet Assemblies..................................................................................... 2-8
FIGURE 2-7 Typical DNFT Installation ................................................................................................... 2-8
FIGURE 2-8 A-10754 Programmable DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation ......................... 2-9
FIGURE 2-9 A-10753 and A-10772 DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation ............................ 2-9
FIGURE 2-10 Typical Programmable DNFT ......................................................................................... 2-9
FIGURE 2-11 Typical Digital No-Flow Timer Switch (DNFT) ............................................................... 2-10
FIGURE 2-12 Typical Proximity Switch ................................................................................................ 2-12
FIGURE 2-13 Dual Element RTD Wiring Diagram .............................................................................. 2-13
FIGURE 1 Angular Coupling-Hub Face Alignment TIR Limits................................................................ 3-2
FIGURE 3-1 Lube Oil Pump - Typical..................................................................................................... 3-7
FIGURE 3-2 Lube Oil Thermostatic Valve in Mixing Mode..................................................................... 3-8
FIGURE 3-3 Standard Wet Sump Frame Lube Oil Schematic ............................................................. 3-11
FIGURE 3-4 Optional Dry Sump Frame Lube Oil Schematic - Typical ................................................ 3-12
FIGURE 3-5 Force Feed Lubricator - Typical ....................................................................................... 3-15
FIGURE 3-6 Blow-Out Fitting Assemblies ............................................................................................ 3-16
FIGURE 3-7 Distribution Block - Typical............................................................................................... 3-17
FIGURE 3-8 Pressure Testing Divider Valves ...................................................................................... 3-17
FIGURE 3-9 Balance Valves Fed by Divider Block .............................................................................. 3-19
FIGURE 3-10 Primary/Secondary Divider Block System ..................................................................... 3-20
FIGURE 3-11 Oil Head Trap Fittings .................................................................................................... 3-21
FIGURE 3-12 Force Feed Lubrication System: Common Oil Supply ................................................... 3-23
FIGURE 3-13 Force Feed Lubrication System: Independent Oil Supply.............................................. 3-24
FIGURE 3-14 Packing Cooling System - Typical ................................................................................. 3-26
FIGURE 4-1 Throw Positioning .............................................................................................................. 4-1
FIGURE 4-2 Typical VVCP..................................................................................................................... 4-2
FIGURE 4-3 VVCP Disassembly/Assembly ........................................................................................... 4-3
FIGURE 4-4 Spring Compression for Snap Ring Removal .................................................................... 4-4
FIGURE 4-5 VVCP Installation ............................................................................................................... 4-5
FIGURE 4-6 Typical Valve Assemblies .................................................................................................. 4-7
FIGURE 4-7 High Pressure Valve Cap Assembly .................................................................................. 4-8
FIGURE 4-8 Clamping Fixture with Clamping Rings and Required Clamping Force ............................. 4-9
FIGURE 4-9 Piston and Rod Clamping Fixture ...................................................................................... 4-9
FIGURE 4-10 Hydraulic Piston Nut Torquing Tool - Typical................................................................. 4-12
FIGURE 4-11 Piston Rod Tapped Hole Dimensions - Inch (mm)......................................................... 4-12
FIGURE 4-12 Piston and Rod Installation - Typical.............................................................................. 4-14
FIGURE 4-13 High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Ring Orientation .......................................................... 4-16
FIGURE 4-14 Piston Rod Packing Case Lube Cups ............................................................................ 4-17
FIGURE 4-15 “P” Pressure Breaker ..................................................................................................... 4-19
FIGURE 4-16 “UP” Pressure Breaker................................................................................................... 4-19
FIGURE 4-17 “P1U” Pressure Breaker................................................................................................. 4-19
FIGURE 4-18 “BTR” Single Acting Seal Set......................................................................................... 4-19
FIGURE 4-19 “BD” Double Acting Seal Set.......................................................................................... 4-20
FIGURE 4-20 “WAT” Double Acting Seal Set....................................................................................... 4-20
FIGURE 4-21 “AL” Double Acting Seal Set .......................................................................................... 4-20
FIGURE 4-22 “BTU” Single Acting Seal Set......................................................................................... 4-20
3/11 v
FIGURE 4-23 “BTUU” Single Acting Seal Set ...................................................................................... 4-21

FIGURE 4-24 “CU” Single Acting Seal Set ........................................................................................... 4-21
FIGURE 4-25 “STU” Single Acting Seal Set ......................................................................................... 4-21
FIGURE 4-26 “CR” Single Acting Seal Set ........................................................................................... 4-21
FIGURE 4-27 “3RWS” Wiper Set.......................................................................................................... 4-22
FIGURE 4-28 Water-Cooled Packing Case Turnaround Cups............................................................. 4-23
FIGURE 4-29 Crosshead - Typical ....................................................................................................... 4-24
FIGURE 4-30 Crosshead Bushing Replacement.................................................................................. 4-25
FIGURE 4-31 Crosshead Installation.................................................................................................... 4-25
FIGURE 4-32 Crosshead Alignment Tool (B-1989) - Typical ............................................................... 4-26
FIGURE 4-33 Crosshead Balance Nut Hydraulic TorqueTool (G-7583), Tightening Position - Typical ....... 4-27
FIGURE 4-34 Measuring Connecting Rod Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance - Typical ......................... 4-29
FIGURE 4-35 Measuring Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance - Typical...................................... 4-29
FIGURE 4-36 Connecting Rod - Typical............................................................................................... 4-31
FIGURE 4-37 Main Bearing Cap Puller ................................................................................................ 4-32
FIGURE 4-38 Crankshaft...................................................................................................................... 4-32
FIGURE 4-39 Crankshaft Chain Sprocket - Typical.............................................................................. 4-33
FIGURE 4-40 Measuring Crankshaft Journal Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance - Typical .................... 4-35
FIGURE 4-41 Measuring Crankshaft Thrust Clearance - Typical......................................................... 4-36
FIGURE 4-42 Detuner - Typical............................................................................................................ 4-37
FIGURE 4-43 Detuner Location - Typical ............................................................................................. 4-38
FIGURE 4-44 Chain Drive System JGH:E:K:T/2/4 ............................................................................... 4-39
FIGURE 4-45 Chain Drive System JGE:K:T/6 - Typical (Standard Rotation) ....................................... 4-39
FIGURE 4-46 Chain Deflection Measurement - Typical ....................................................................... 4-40
FIGURE 4-47 Allowable Chain Deflection, Inches (mm) ...................................................................... 4-40
FIGURE 4-48 Chain Idler Sprockets (Eccentrics)................................................................................. 4-41
FIGURE 4-49 Lube Oil Pump Chain Sprocket - Typical ...................................................................... 4-41
FIGURE 4-50 Typical Force Feed Lubricator ..................................................................................... 4-42
FIGURE 1 Bolt Head Grade and Material Identification.......................................................................... A-1
FIGURE A-1 Torque Wrench with Angled Adapter................................................................................. A-2
FIGURE B-1 Wearband Cut Angles ....................................................................................................... B-6
vi 3/11
List of Tables
TABLE 1 Compressor Thermal Height Growth Predictions ................................................................... 3-2
TABLE 3-1 Heat Needed to Maintain Minimum JGH:E:K:T Frame Temp. .......................................... 3-10
TABLE 3-2 Oil Flushing Cleanliness Requirements............................................................................. 3-14
TABLE 3-3 Blow-Out Fittings, Replacement Rupture Disks & Tubing ................................................. 3-16
TABLE 3-4 Ariel Balance Valve Part Numbers .................................................................................... 3-21
TABLE 3-5 Force Feed Lubricator Reservoir Oil Capacity .................................................................. 3-22
TABLE 4-1 Required Piston Nut Torque .............................................................................................. 4-11
TABLE 4-2 Piston Nut Hydraulic Pressures & Torques ................................................................................4-13
TABLE 4-3 Maximum Acceptable Piston Rod Run Out Readings ....................................................... 4-14
TABLE 4-4 Piston Rod Run Out........................................................................................................... 4-15
TABLE 4-5 Feeler Thickness to Correct for Piston Weight .................................................................. 4-15
TABLE A-1 Fastener Thread & Seating Surface Lubrication ................................................................. A-1
TABLE A-2 Hoerbiger Valve Assembly Fastener Torques .................................................................... A-3
TABLE A-3 JGH:E:K:T Fastener Torques ............................................................................................. A-4
TABLE B-1 JGH:E:K:T Main Component Clearances, in. (mm) ............................................................ B-1
TABLE B-2 Piston End Clearances, in. (mm) ........................................................................................ B-1
TABLE B-3 Side Clearances for NEW Piston Rings, Packing Rings, and Wearbands, in. (mm) .......... B-2
TABLE B-4 Piston-Bore Clearances & Piston Ring/Rider Ring End Gaps for H:E:ET Class Cylinders, in. (mm) ........... B-3
TABLE B-5 Piston/Piston Ring/Wearband Clearance for K, T, & 22-1/2 E:ET:H Class Cylinders - in. (mm) ................. B-4
TABLE C-1 JGH Frame Specifications .................................................................................................. C-1
TABLE C-2 JGE Frame Specifications .................................................................................................. C-2
TABLE C-3 JGK Frame Specifications .................................................................................................. C-2
TABLE C-4 JGT Frame Specifications................................................................................................... C-3
TABLE C-5 JGH:E:K:T Approximate Component Weights, Lbs (Kg) .................................................... C-4
3/11 vii
General Safety - Reciprocating Compressors

CAUTION: Gas compressor packages are complicated and dangerous to
those unfamiliar with their operation. Only properly trained personnel
should operate or maintain this equipment. Before starting:
• Carefully study start-up and shut-down information for both package and compressor.
DO NOT attempt to start-up compressor without referring to the Start-Up Checklist in
the appropriate Ariel Technical Manual and the Packager’s Operating Manual.
• Sufficiently purge the compressor of any explosive mixture before loading. A
gas/air mixture under pressure can explode and cause severe injury or death!
• Follow in detail all start-up requirements for the other package components.
When the symbol to the right appears on a compressor or control
panel, consult the appropriate Ariel Technical Manual for specific
information before proceeding. The Technical Manual applies to current
design and build; it may not apply to equipment built prior to the date
on the front cover and is subject to change without notice. For
questions of compressor safety, operation, maintenance, or repair,
contact your packager or Ariel.
CAUTION: Severe personal injury and property damage can result if the
compressor is not completely vented before loosening bolts on flanges,
heads, valve caps, or packing. Consult the appropriate Ariel Technical
Manual before performing any maintenance.
CAUTION: Noise generated by reciprocating machinery may damage
hearing. See Packager information for specific recommendations. Wear
hearing protection during compressor operation.
CAUTION: Where applicable, compressor installation must conform to
Zone 1 requirements. A Zone 1 environment requires installation of proper
intrinsically safe or equivalent protection to fulfill electrical requirements.
CAUTION: Hot gas temperatures (especially the cylinder discharge), 190°F
(88°C) oil, and high friction areas. Wear proper protection. Shut down unit
and allow to cool before maintaining these areas.
CAUTION: Suction or discharge valves installed in improper locations may
result in severe personal injury and property damage.
CAUTION: For units with ET class cylinders, do not remove the pin from the
crosshead guide to compressor cylinder mounting face. It is there to
prevent installation of misapplied cylinders and avoid personal injury.
3/11 viii
Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations

When contacting Ariel with compressor questions, know throw locations and information on data
plates fastened to the machine. This data helps Ariel representatives answer quickly and accurately.
Contact Ariel for replacement if any data plates are missing.
A-719
ARIEL CORPORATION A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY CLOSED A = ROTATION BORE CLASS
A A
FULLY OPEN A = 1 Compressor STROKE RATED RPM
VVCP S.N.
5
REMOVE ALUMINUM THREAD PROTECTOR WHERE APPLICABLE
MAX. ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESS.
Top View (MAX. RELIEF VALVE SETTING)

PIST. END CL. HE CE
ARIEL CORPORATION A-0755
2
VVCP S.N. CYL. BORE MIN. VOL. CL. (%) HE CE
BASE VOL. VARIABLE VOL. CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
VVCP MAWP TRAVEL OR TURNS 4 A-0465
6
3
A-0465
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
CE MIN. VOL. CL. (%) HE
CE PIST. END CL. HE
(MAX. RELIEF VALVE SETTING)
STROKE RATED RPM
CLASS BORE
ARIEL CORPORATION
Throw #1
A-0465
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
CE MIN. VOL. CL. (%) HE
CE PIST. END CL. HE
A-719
STROKE RATED RPM
Throw #2
CLASS
ARIEL CORPORATION
BORE
ROTATION
A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY CLOSED A =
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A
A
VVCP MAWP
VVCP S.N.
BASE VOL.
ARIEL CORPORATION
TURNS
TRAVEL
CYL. BORE
VARIABLE VOL.
A-0755
OR
ARIEL CORPORATION
VARIABLE VOL.
OR
CYL. BORE
TOTAL TRAV.
A-0755
TURNS
BASE VOL.
VVCP S.N.
VVCP MAWP
A
A
FULLY CLOSED A =
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A-12927
Throw #3
Throw #4
A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY CLOSED A =
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A
A
VVCP MAWP
BASE VOL.
VVCP S.N.
ARIEL CORPORATION
TOTAL TRAV.
TURNS
VARIABLE VOL.
CYL. BORE
A-0755
OR
ARIEL CORPORATION
VARIABLE VOL.
OR
CYL. BORE
TOTAL TRAV.
A-0755
TURNS
BASE VOL.
VVCP S.N.
VVCP MAWP
A
A
FULLY CLOSED A =
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
BORE CLASS
STROKE RATED RPM
PIST. END CL. HE CE
MIN. VOL. CL. (%) HE CE
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
A-0465
ARIEL CORPORATION
BORE CLASS
STROKE RATED RPM
PIST. END CL. HE CE
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
A-0465
Throw #5
Throw #6
A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY CLOSED A =
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A
A
VVCP MAWP
BASE VOL.
VVCP S.N.
ARIEL CORPORATION
TOTAL TRAV.
TURNS
VARIABLE VOL.
CYL. BORE
A-0755
OR
ARIEL CORPORATION
VARIABLE VOL.
OR
CYL. BORE
TOTAL TRAV.
A-0755
TURNS
BASE VOL.
VVCP S.N.
VVCP MAWP
A
A
FULLY CLOSED A =
ARIEL CORPORATION
FULLY OPEN A =
VVCP S.N.
A-12927
ARIEL CORPORATION
BORE CLASS
www.arielcorp.com STROKE RATED RPM

PIST. END CL. HE CE
(10) CLOSE DRAIN AND FILL VESSEL. RELEASE TRAPPED AIR THROUGH VENT. CHECK FOR LEAKS.
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.

A-3568
A-0465
INSPECT COVER O-RING. INSTALL COVER. TORQUE NUTS TO 70-80 LB-FT. (95-110 NM).
FILTER CARTRIDGE REPLACEMENT INSTRUCTIONS
CHANGE FILTER ELEMENT(S) EVERY 6 MONTHS - 4000 HRS. OR 15 PSI (1.0 BAR)
ARIEL CORPORATION
INSERT STRAINER TUBE AND REINSTALL SPRING PLATE ASSEMBLY.
DURING DRAINING, OPEN 3/4” NPT VENT AND REMOVE TOP COVER.
ARIEL FRAME MODEL

AFTER OIL HAS DRAINED COMPLETELY, REMOVE ELEMENT(S).
PLACE NEW ELEMENT(S) OVER SEAT IN BOTTOM OF VESSEL.
FRAME SERIAL NUMBER

REMOVE SPRING PLATE ASSEMBLY AND STRAINER TUBE.
DIFFERENTIAL AT NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE.
REMOVE 3/4” NPT DRAIN LUG AND DRAIN COMPLETELY.
SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE
STROKE
BEFORE PERFORMING ANY MAINTENANCE.
PACKING. CONSULT ARIEL TECHNICAL MANUAL
THE BOLTS ON FLANGES, HEADS, VALVE CAPS,
NOT COMPLETELY VENTED BEFORE LOOSENING
DAMAGE CAN RESULT IF PRESSURE SYSTEM IS
SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY
WILL RESULT IF SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES

ARE NOT INSTALLED IN THEIR PROPER LOCATION.
A-0464
*FRAME RATED SPEED (RPM)

CAUTION
MINIMUM SPEED (RPM)

MAXIMUM ROD LOAD TENSION
CAUTION
MAXIMUM ROD LOAD COMPRESSION

INSPECT INTERIOR OF VESSEL.
ARIEL SHIPPING DATE

NORMAL LUBE OIL PRESSURE
MAXIMUM LUBE OIL TEMPERATURE
LUBE OIL PRESSURE
SHUTDOWN SETTING
A-0463
*MAXIMUM UNIT SPEED IS THE LOWER OF

ARIEL CORPORATION FRAME OR CYLINDER RATED SPEED
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
BORE CLASS
STROKE RATED RPM
CONSULT ARIEL TECHNICAL MANUAL BEFORE
MAX. ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESS. OPERATING UNIT OR PERFORMING MAINTENANCE.
ALWAYS PROVIDE SERIAL NUMBER WHEN ORDERING PARTS A-14766
PIST. END CL. HE CE
CYLINDER SERIAL NO.
A-0465
DIST. BLK
7 Auxiliary End Front Views

SEC@ RPM
THROW
CYCLE TIME
AT APPLIED RPM.
SEE LUBE SHEET
FOR CYCLE TIME
AT DIFFERENT RPM.
DIST. BLK
SEC@ RPM
THROW
INCREASE FLOW
A-16622
PUMP ADJUSTMENT
ARIEL CORPORATION
ARIEL FRAME MODEL
FRAME SERIAL NUMBER
STROKE
DIST. BLK A-16623
THROW(S)
*FRAME RATED SPEED (RPM)

PUMP ADJUSTMENT
DIST. BLOCK
CYCLE TIME AT SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS
APPLIED SPEED
SEC@ RPM OF RPM SEE LUBE SHEET FOR CYCLE TIME AT DIFFERENT RPM INCREASE FLOW
MINIMUM SPEED (RPM) THROW
MAXIMUM ROD LOAD TENSION

A-16623
THROW(S)
PUMP ADJUSTMENT
CYCLE TIME
DIST. BLOCK
CYCLE TIME AT SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS
APPLIED SPEED
OF RPM SEE LUBE SHEET FOR CYCLE TIME AT DIFFERENT RPM INCREASE FLOW
AT APPLIED RPM.
MAXIMUM ROD LOAD COMPRESSION
ARIEL SHIPPING DATE 8 9 SEE LUBE SHEET
FOR CYCLE TIME
AT DIFFERENT RPM.
NORMAL LUBE OIL PRESSURE DIST. BLK
MAXIMUM LUBE OIL TEMPERATURE SEC@ RPM

A-16623
LUBE OIL PRESSURE THROW THROW(S)
PUMP ADJUSTMENT
SHUTDOWN SETTING
*MAXIMUM UNIT SPEED IS THE LOWER OF
FRAME OR CYLINDER RATED SPEED
INCREASE FLOW
OR DIST. BLOCK
CYCLE TIME AT
APPLIED SPEED
SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS SECONDS
A-16622
CONSULT ARIEL TECHNICAL MANUAL BEFORE

OF RPM SEE LUBE SHEET FOR CYCLE TIME AT DIFFERENT RPM INCREASE FLOW
OPERATING UNIT OR PERFORMING MAINTENANCE.
PUMP ADJUSTMENT
ALWAYS PROVIDE SERIAL NUMBER WHEN ORDERING PARTS A-14766
1. VVCP Dimension Plate. 4. Compressor Drive End 7. Compressor Auxiliary End

2. VVCP Data Plate 5. Rotation Direction Plate 8. Compressor Data Plate
3. Mechanical Inspector Plate 6. Cylinder Data Plate 9. Force Feed Lubricator Data Plate
& Frame Serial Number Stamp
FIGURE i-1 Separable Guide Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations - Typical
3/11 PAGE ix
Ariel Contact Information

Contact Telephone Fax E-Mail
Ariel Response Center 888-397-7766 740-397-1060 arc@arielcorp.com
Spare Parts (toll free USA & Canada) or 740-393-5054 spareparts@arielcorp.com
Order Entry 740-397-3602 (International) 740-397-3856 ---
Ariel World Headquarters info@arielcorp.com
740-397-0311 740-397-3856
Technical Services fieldservice@arielcorp.com
Web Site: www.arielcorp.com
Ariel Response Center Technicians or Switchboard Operators answer telephones during Ariel
business hours, Eastern Time - USA or after hours by voice mail. Contact an authorized distributor to
purchase Ariel parts. Always provide Ariel equipment serial number(s) to order spare parts.
The after-hours Telephone Emergency System works as follows:
1. Follow automated instructions to Technical Services Emergency Assistance or Spare Parts
Emergency Service. Calls are answered by voice mail.
2. Leave a message: caller name and telephone number, serial number of equipment in question
(frame, cylinder, unloader), and a brief description of the emergency.
3. Your voice mail routes to an on-call representative who responds as soon as possible.
Other Ariel Resources

Ariel Website
Visit www.arielcorp.com to view and print the latest of useful documentation, such as:
• Customer Technical Bulletins (CTB’s) provide important information on changes, corrections, or
additions to Ariel products or services. Read these bulletins before operating or servicing the
equipment.
• Engineering References (ER’s) and Technical Documents (TD’s) provide standard procedures
and other useful information for operation, maintenance, or repair of Ariel compressors or compo-
nents. Read and follow these procedures for long and trouble-free service from your Ariel compres-
sor.
• Procured Product Literature (PPL’s) provide detailed information on many parts and components
Ariel procures from other manufacturers.
Ariel Technical and Service Schools

Ariel schedules several in-plant schools each year, which include classroom and hands-on training.
Ariel also sends representatives to provide customized training on location. Contact Ariel for details.
PAGE x 3/11
Section 1 - Tools
Ariel Optional Furnished Tools
Ariel offers an optional tool kit with every compressor. For JGH:E:K:T compressors, it contains the
tools shown below, which are specifically designed for use on Ariel units. Clean all tools before use
and verify full tool engagement with the part being removed or installed. If the Tool Kit is missing or if
a single tool is missing, worn, or broken, call your distributor. Do not use worn or broken tools, or
substitutes for Ariel furnished tools. See Parts List for individual tool part numbers.
15
16
17
2 14
18
19
13
3
20 21
12
4 5
6 22
7 23
10 24
9 11
25 27
8
26
1. Tool Box 9. Forged 5/8 - 11 UNC eyebolts 17. 1/4 x 3/8 UNF Valve Tool
2. Peg Wrench (2 provided) 18. 5/8 x 3/4 UNF Valve Tool
3. 4-Inch Open End Wrench 10. Forged 1/2 - 13 UNC eyebolts 19. 3/4 x 1” UNC Valve Tool (for CT Valves)
(included only for compressors (2 provided)
20. Connecting Rod Bolt 90° Turn Indica-
with hex crosshead balance 11. Forged 3/8 - 16 UNC eyebolts tor Tool
nuts) (6 provided)
21. Cylinder Bolt Torque Adapter
4. Piston Nut Spanner (1” square 12. Valve Removal Tool (included only
ratchet) for compressors with forged steel 22. 3/4” Allen wrench (1 provided)
5. Ariel Bore and Thread Gauge cylinders - tool size and style varies 23. 1/2” Allen wrenches (2 provided)
with cylinder size and valve center 24. 3/8” Allen wrench (1 provided)
6. Piston Rod Entering Sleeve connection)
7. Connecting Rod Cap Removal 25. 3/16” Allen wrench (5 provided)
13. Crosshead Pin Alignment Tool
Tool 26. 5/32” Allen wrench (5 provided)
14. 9/16” Socket Piston Turning Tool
8. Piston Entering Sleeve (included (included only for compressors with 27. Crosshead Installation Tool (includes
only for compressors with forged small cylinders) six Grade 5, 1/4 - 20 UNC x 1” hex
steel, tail-rod cylinders with step capscrews)
to bore) 15. Ratchet Wrench Extension Support
28. ER-63 Fastener Torque Chart (not
16. 5/16 x 1/2 UNF Valve Tool shown)
FIGURE 1-1 Ariel Optional Furnished Tools for JGH:E:K:T Compressors
3/11 PAGE 1-1

Section 1 - Tools For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Ariel Separately Purchased Tools
4000 5000 6000

3000 7000
3
2000 8000
1000 9000
0 10000
8
5
6 7
1. Force Feed Lubrication Hand Purge Pump. 5. Hydraulic Piston Rod Tensioning Tool.
2. Hand Pump for hydraulic crosshead balance nut torquing tool and piston 6. Main Bearing Removal Tool.
rod tensioning tool. Includes hand pump, hose, coupler, and gauge. 7. Force Feed Lubricator Bearing
3. Hydraulic Crosshead Balance Nut Torquing Tool. Includes tool and ram. Housing Wrench.
4. Piston Rod Support. 8. Piston Rod Clamping Fixture.
FIGURE 1-2 Ariel Separately Purchased Tools for JGH:E:K:T Compressors
PAGE 1-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 1 - Tools
Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits

1. Ariel SAE Hand Measurement Tool Kit
a. .0005” needle type dial indicator.
b. .001” 1-inch travel dial indicator.
c. Magnet base for dial indicator.
d. 3/8” drive calibrated torque wrench, 30 to 200 in x lbs.
e. 1/2” drive calibrated torque wrench, 30 to 250 ft x lbs.
f. 3/4” drive calibrated torque wrench, 100 to 600 ft x lbs.
g. 1” drive calibrated torque wrench, 200 to 1000 ft x lbs.
2. Ariel SAE Hand Tool Kit
a. 15-piece combination open/box end wrench set, 5/16” through 1-1/4”.
b. 8-piece slot and Phillips screwdriver set.
c. 3/8" square drive wrench set, including:
• 12-piece, 12-point socket set, 3/8” through 1”.
• 7” ratchet. • Ball type universal joint.
• Speed handle. • 3/8” to 1/2" drive adapter.
• Extensions, 1-1/2”, 3”, 6”, and 12”. • 1/4” hex key socket.
• 8-1/2” breaker bar.
d. 1/2" square drive wrench set, including:
• 14-piece, 12-point socket set, 7/16” through 1-1/4” with clip rail.
• 10-1/4” ratchet. • Ball type universal joint.
• Speed handle. • 1/2” to 3/8" drive adapter.
• Extensions, 1-1/2”, 5”, and 10”. • 1/2” to 3/4" drive adapter.
• 18” breaker bar. • 1/2” and 5/8” hex key sockets.
• 1-1/4” open end crow’s foot adapter.
e. 3/4" square drive wrench set, including:
• 18-piece, 12-point socket set, 3/4” through 2”.
• 24” ratchet. • 3/4” to 1/2" drive adapter.
• Extensions, 3-1/2”, 8”, and 16”. • 3/4” to 1" drive adapter.
• 22” breaker bar. • 1” to 3/4" drive adapter.
f. 1" square drive wrench set, including:
• 14-piece, 12-point socket set, 1-7/16” through 2-5/8”.
• 30” ratchet.
• Extensions, 8”, and 17”.
• 22” sliding T.
g. 12” adjustable wrench.
h. 18” adjustable wrench.
i. One 3 lb. dead blow semi-soft faced hammer.
3/11 PAGE 1-3

Section 1 - Tools For Models: JGH:E:K:T
j. One 6 lb. dead blow semi-soft faced hammer.

k. 3/4” x 36” pry bar.
l. 12” long feeler gage set.
m. 12” machinist scale with .01” increments.
n. 13-piece Allen wrench set, .050 - 3/8”.
Recommended Tools
Ariel compressor maintenance and repair normally requires only Ariel furnished tools and separately
purchased tools and tool kits. However, Ariel also recommends purchasing the additional tools
below. Contact Ariel for questions about tools for Ariel units.
1. 12-point box end torque adapter extension wrench set, including 1-1/2 and 2-1/4 inch sizes.
2. Tape Measure.
3. Flashlight.
4. Small Mirror on a Flexible Extension Rod.
5. Small Magnet on a Flexible Extension Rod.
6. Electric and/or Pneumatic Drill
7. Twist Drill Set
8. Torque Multiplier.
PAGE 1-4 3/11

Section 2 - Instrumentation
Proflo Lubricator Fluid-Flow Monitor/No-Flow
Timer Switch
CAUTION: Any arc welding on the skid and/or associated equipment and piping can per-
manently damage solid-state electronic equipment. Welding can cause immediate failure
or reduce electronic equipment life and void the warranty.
To protect electronic equipment prior to any arc welding (including repair welding), dis-
connect all electrical connections including ground, and remove batteries, or completely
remove the electronic equipment from the compressor.
It is good practice to attach the welding ground clamp as close as possible to the area
where the welding will occur and to use the lowest practical welder output setting. Weld-
ing must not cause a current flow across any compressor bearing surface, including but
not limited to crankshaft and crosshead bearing surfaces.
2 1
The battery-powered, programmable Proflo
is an electronic microprocessor-based 1. Hex-Socket Set
switch that senses slow-flow or no-flow Screws (2)
conditions in the compressor cylinder force 2. Magnetic Pin
Housing
feed lubrication system to facilitate alarm attaches to
and/or shutdown. It eases force feed lube divider valve
system operation by accurately monitoring 3 3. Liquid Crystal
cycle time and system performance. Display (LCD)
®
Operators use this information to optimize 4. Infrared Wire-
4 less Connec-
force feed lube and reduce operating costs. tion IrDA Port to
download data
The Proflo monitor works through a to a hand-held
magnetic pin that cycles back and forth as REFER TO MANUAL FOR PROPER OPERATION & BATTERY TYPE.
WARNING - EXPLOSION HAZARD - DO NOT DISCONNECT WHILE CIRCUIT
computer.
the divider valve piston moves. The 5. Set Button.
IS LIVE UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS. BATTERIES
MUST ONLY BE CHANGED IN AN AREA KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS.
magnetic pin housing normally threads into 6. Mode Button.

the divider valve. The monitor box housing 5 6
slides onto the pin housing and two hex-
socket set screws hold it in place. The liquid
crystal display (LCD) indicates: FIGURE 2-1 Proflo Electronic Lubricator Fluid
Flow Monitor and No-Flow Timer Switch
1. Total operating time of the force feed
lube system in hours.
2. "Average", "Last" and "Current" cycle time of the divider valve in seconds.
3. Total divider valve cycles.
4. Remaining battery life in percent.
5. Alarm set time for no-flow indication (programmable from 30 to 240 seconds).
6. Alarm wiring mode: Normally Open or Normally Closed.
Proflo electronics come with reverse polarity protection/correction that automatically corrects a
reverse polarity output connection on both pulse and alarm outputs.
3/11 PAGE 2-1

Section 2 - Instrumentation For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Normally Open and Normally Closed Definition

Most electrical components define Normally Open (NO) and Normally Closed (NC) operation as the
default state or “on the shelf” state. Example: A NO solenoid valve is open when the coil is not
energized, and closed when the coil is energized. A NC solenoid valve is closed when the coil is not
energized, and open when the coil is energized. This is not true of DNFT or Proflo electrical contacts.
Both the DNFT and Proflo switch contacts are defined as switch states after the divider valve cycles.
NO = Normally Open when running; switch is open while the divider valve cycles. This is non-fail-
safe operation. If a wire falls off while the unit runs, the control system will not alarm/shutdown.
NC = Normally Closed when running; switch is closed while the divider valve cycles. This is fail-safe
operation. If a wire falls off while the unit runs, the control system will alarm/shutdown.
Ariel recommends NC operation. The Proflo is pre-programmed for NC operation.
Proflo Installation
1. Loosen the two hex-socket set screws 1 2 3 4 5 6
on top of Proflo case and remove mag-
net housing. Do not remove magnet,
spring, and spacer from magnet housing. ARIEL CORPORATION
“WORLD STANDARD COMPRESSORS”
2. Remove end plug from desired divider

www.arielcorp.com
valve. The Proflo installs on either side of

any divider valve, but requires the cor- 12S
Part # A-11295
US Patents # 6,823,270 - 6,850,849 B1
rect magnet housing for each divider IrDA PORT Set

Button
pr
®
valve manufacturer (Trabon, Dropsa,
etc.). 12T Model
fl
C US PF1
203633
CL I, DIV 2 Grps A,B,C,D
T4A Max 85°C Amb.
NOTE: Do not install the Proflo on any Mode

Button
divider valves with cycle indicator REFER TO MANUAL FOR PROPER OPERATION & BATTERY TYPE.
WARNING - EXPLOSION HAZARD - DO NOT DISCONNECT WHILE CIRCUIT
IS LIVE UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS. BATTERIES
pins.
MUST ONLY BE CHANGED IN AN AREA KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS.
3. Verify O-ring is in place on Proflo magnet 7

housing. Screw magnet housing into end 1. End Plug 4. O-Ring 6. LCD Display
of divider valve. Torque magnet housing 2. Divider Valve 5. Hex-Socket 7. Wire Leads
to 15 foot-pounds max. 3. Magnet Housing Set Screws (2)
4. Slide Proflo all the way onto magnet FIGURE 2-2 Proflo Installation
housing. Torque set screws to 15 inch-
pounds max. DO NOT over tighten set screws.
5. The Proflo LCD indicates cycle time. Verify correct operation by pumping oil through the divider
valve assembly. The LCD enables the operator to adjust the lubricator pump for correct cycle
time. The force feed lubricator data plate on the lubricator box indicates either normal and break-
in cycle times at maximum rated speed, or normal cycle time for applied speed. Use break-in
cycle times only for the first 200 hours of operation before changing to the normal cycle time. If
unable to determine cycle time, contact the Ariel Response Center.
6. All conduit and connections should be appropriate for area classification. Use flexible conduit to
ease installation. Support conduit and fittings to minimize vibration.
7. After Proflo installation or performance of any maintenance on the lube system, compressor cyl-
inders, or packing, pre-lube the complete system with a purge gun to purge air from the
divider valves and all components BEFORE COMPRESSOR START-UP.
Proflo Button Operation

1. Push SET button to clear ALARM. When the LCD displays LAST and AVG, the alarm output con-
tact enters the “as running” state; set operation to NC to close the output alarm contact. LAST is
PAGE 2-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 2 - Instrumentation
the last divider valve cycle time in seconds. AVG is the average time of the last six (6) divider
valve cycles in seconds.
2. Push MODE button; the LCD displays NOW, which is current divider valve cycle time in seconds.
This mode allows operators to accurately change cycle time by adjusting the force feed lubricator
pump. The force feed lubricator data plate on the lubricator box indicates either normal and
break-in cycle times at maximum rated speed, or normal cycle time for applied speed. Use break-
in cycle times only for the first 200 hours of operation before changing to the normal cycle time.
Compressor speed is directly proportional to cycle time; at 50% rated speed, the lube cycle time
doubles (see lube sheets in the Ariel Parts Book for table of speeds vs. cycle times). If unable to
determine cycle time, contact the Ariel Response Center.
3. Push MODE button again; the LCD displays RUN TIME, which is the total run time of the lube
system in hours since the last reset.
4. Push MODE button a third time; the LCD displays CYCLE TOTAL, which is the total divider valve
cycles since the last reset. Test Proflo for reliability if CYCLE TOTAL displays over two million.
5. Push MODE button a fourth time; the LCD displays BATTERY - PCNT, which indicates percent-
age of remaining battery life. If battery voltage drops below safe operating levels the monitor
enters ALARM mode.
6. The display mode changes to ALARM when an alarm is triggered. The display defaults to LAST
and AVG while the divider valve cycles. To set alarm time and mode:
a. Push SET.
b. Push MODE six times until LCD displays SETUP?.
c. Push SET. The LCD displays SET ALARM TIME.
d. Push SET again to display current alarm time.
e. Push and release SET button to change alarm-shutdown from 30 to 240 seconds in 5 second
increments. Ariel typically sets it to 120 seconds. Ariel recommends setting alarm time to 2
times normal cycle time rounded up to the nearest 5 seconds. Minimum: 30 seconds;
maximum 180 seconds. Find normal cycle time on the force feed lubricator data plate.
f. Push MODE two more times to scroll the LCD to SET ALARM MODE, which configures the
control system to shutdown the compressor for a no-flow indication. Push SET to toggle from
N/O (normally open) or N/C (normally closed). Ariel recommends N/C operation. After set-
ting wiring mode, either push MODE two times or simply wait 30 seconds to return to the
LAST and AVG display. The Proflo records any setup changes to the EEPROM.
Display Errors
ALARM - Displays when divider valves are not cycling. Programmed divider valve cycle time has
expired. ALARM flashes every 2 seconds during compressor shutdown.To clear alarm, press SET.
Alarm will clear and again indicate cycle time upon compressor re-start.
OVERLOAD - Indicates a wiring short or circuit switching of too large a load. To correct this, check
wiring insulation for bare wires touching ground or each other. Insulate unused wires or re-terminate
wires. Self-resetting fuses on the inputs protect Proflo electronics; they auto reset 45 seconds after
fixing a short.
LOW BATT - Indicates 20% remaining battery life. At 10% remaining battery life, the Proflo shuts
down the compressor and flashes ALARM and LOW BATT until batteries are replaced. See battery
replacement procedure below.
RESET X - Indicates an internal Proflo fault. No alarm displays; the Proflo still counts divider valve
cycles and controls inputs and outputs. While the divider valve cycles, the Proflo counts pulses and
measures time between divider valve cycles. At 30-minute intervals, the processor writes data stored
in memory to on-board EEPROMS. If there is a problem with this, the Proflo issues a Reset error.
3/11 PAGE 2-3

1. RESET 1 - Proflo processor unable to determine if the EEPROM contains valid configuration
information. Reset 1 usually occurs after a RESET 3 occurs. Upon reboot, the Proflo loses stored
and configuration data; programmed information must be reentered.
2. RESET 2 - Proflo processor unable to determine storage of any data or location for next data.
Upon reboot, the Proflo loses stored data, but retains configuration data; programmed informa-
tion need not be reentered.
3. RESET 3 - Internal Proflo fault. The Proflo processor tried and failed three resets. The most likely
cause is failure to write to the EEPROM. To try to correct the problem:
a. Remove Proflo batteries.
b. Press SET button for 45 seconds to discharge internal capacitors and ensure a complete
reset.
c. Re-insert batteries to reboot the Proflo.
• If the error was a one-time problem, the Proflo reboots as normal.
• If diagnostics detect an error on reboot, the Proflo displays a constant RESET error again.
Replace the Proflo and contact Ariel Corporation. Sometimes on reboot, the Proflo flashes
RESET. This is normal.
NOTE: Moisture on Proflo circuitry causes most reset errors. Several design precautions
keep moisture from the circuit board:
• The Proflo housing is completely sealed in a low humidity room.
• There is a desiccant pack in the circuit board chamber.
• The circuit boards have a protective conformal coating.
Proflo Battery Replacement

The Proflo formerly used alkaline batteries. Sometimes, alkaline batteries leak, release acid, and
corrode the battery compartment, and their service potential diminishes at extreme temperatures.
The Proflo now uses Lithium batteries, which provide superior leakage resistance, greater service
advantage at temperature extremes, and longer shelf and service life. Ariel highly recommends AA
Energizer Lithium/FeS2, model L91 batteries to reduce maintenance costs. This is a true Lithium
battery, unlike several other brands.
While not recommended, use replacement alkaline batteries only when Lithium batteries are
unavailable. Component damage due to battery leakage is not normally covered under warranty.
Front cover removal voids the warranty, except on older Proflo monitors made prior to 3/2003 where
batteries may be located under the front cover.
CAUTION: Explosion hazard! Disconnect/lockout electrical power to control circuits

before battery cover removal. Power connected to the Proflo presents a potential of fire,
electrical shock, personal injury, or death. Change batteries only in a non-hazardous area.
Earlier Proflo models use a front battery access cover while later models use a rear access
cover to reduce potential risk. Disconnect power to Proflo to replace batteries regardless
of battery access location
PAGE 2-4 3/11

1. Remove the six battery cover screws. Battery Compartment

Cover with Gasket
2. Remove battery cover and gasket.
Two AA Energizer
3. Remove old batteries. Remove plastic protective Lithium L91 Batteries - +
sleeves from old batteries. Save the sleeves and with Plastic Protec-
tive Sleeves
discard the old batteries in a responsible manner.
Battery Cover
4. Press SET for 45-60 seconds without batteries Screw
installed to dissipate stored energy and allow the
battery display to update immediately after new Battery Clips
battery installation. This step is optional; the monitor
automatically updates the battery display within 30 + -
minutes of operation. FIGURE 2-3 Proflo
5. The outer cover of batteries is the positive terminal; Rear Battery
Compartment
verify it is unscratched. If a scratched outer cover
touches the metal battery holder, the battery depletes
very quickly and the Proflo displays LOW BATT. It is possible for one battery to completely
deplete and the other to reverse polarity. Replace with new unscratched batteries if this occurs.
6. Slide the plastic protective sleeves onto the new batteries and insert new batteries into the bat-
tery holder. The plastic sleeves and the gasket on the bottom of the cover ensure a tight battery
fit. Compressor vibration can cause premature failure in batteries not installed tightly. Verify the
batteries are installed with correct negative/positive orientation. Do not scratch or damage new
battery outer covers during installation.
7. Re-assemble cover, gasket, and screws. The cover holes align with the six monitor body holes in
only one direction; verify correct installation. Installing the cover upside down results in stripped
screw threads and compromises the battery compartment seal. Do not over-tighten the screws.
Replace lost cover screws with 4-40 x 3/16 in. pan head machine screws.
8. Press SET once, then press MODE until the LCD displays BATTERY. If stored energy was dissi-
pated (see step 4), the monitor checks battery voltage, resets, and displays remaining battery
power. The monitor automatically searches for battery voltage at the next 30 minute read/write
interval and updates to the new battery power percentage. All trending and configuration data
store in the Proflo EEPROM. Battery failure or replacement causes no memory loss.
3/11 PAGE 2-5

Proflo Jr. No-Flow Switch

CAUTION: See arc welding caution at the beginning of this chapter.
Proflo Jr. Installation

CAUTION: Explosion hazard - no user serviceable parts. Do not disconnect wiring while
circuit is live. Complete all field wiring in accordance with local codes pertaining to
potentially explosive atmospheres. Do not open battery compartment in areas known to
contain explosive gases.
1. Loosen the two Allen head set

screws on top of Proflo Jr. case 1 2 3 4 5 6
and remove magnet housing.
Do not remove magnet, spring,
and spacer from magnet hous- 7
ing.
8
2. Remove piston end plug from 12S
desired divider valve. The Pro- 9
flo Jr. installs on either side of 10
any divider valve, but requires 12T
the correct magnet housing for 13 12 11
each divider valve manufacturer
(Trabon, Dropsa, etc.). 14
NOTE: Do not install the Pro- 1. Magnet Housing 5. LED 10. Battery Plug
flo Jr. on any divider valves 2. O-Ring 6. Red Wire Leads (2) 11. Grounding Lug
with cycle indicator pins.
3. Allen Head Set 7. Orange Wire Leads (2) 12. Battery
3. Verify O-ring is in place on mag- Screw (2) 8. Yellow Wire Leads (2) 13. Divider Valve
net housing. Thread magnet 4. Proflo Jr. Case 9. Green Wire Lead (1) 14. End Plug
housing into end of divider
valve. Torque magnet housing FIGURE 2-4 Proflo Jr. Installation
to 15 foot-pounds max.
4. Slide Proflo Jr. all the way onto magnet housing. Torque Allen head set screws to 15 inch-pounds
max. DO NOT over tighten set screws.
5. The LED on the Proflo Jr. indicates one complete cycle of the divider valve system. Verify correct
operation by pumping oil through the divider valve assembly. The force feed lubricator data plate
on the lubricator box indicates either normal and break-in cycle times at maximum rated speed,
or normal cycle time for applied speed. Use break-in cycle times only for the first 200 hours of
operation before changing to the normal cycle time. If unable to determine cycle time, contact the
Ariel Response Center.
6. For Lincoln divider valves it may be necessary to adjust the Proflo Jr. by sliding it back about 1/8”
on the magnet housing until the LED flashes. All conduit and connections should be appropriate
for area classification. Use flexible conduit to ease installation. Support conduit and fittings to
minimize vibration.
7. After Proflo Jr. installation or performance of any maintenance on the lube system, compressor
cylinders, or packing, pre-lube the complete system with a purge gun to purge air from the
divider valves and all components BEFORE COMPRESSOR START-UP.
PAGE 2-6 3/11

Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement

1. Proflo Jr. 4. Heat Shrink Sleeves
2. Proflo Jr. Battery Wires 5. Replacement Battery
1 3. Replacement Battery 6. Pipe Plug
Wires
2 3 4 5 6
FIGURE 2-5 Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement
If battery voltage drops below normal operating levels, the Proflo Jr. shuts down and the compressor
cannot be re-started until the battery is replaced. The Battery Replacement Kit contains one battery
assembly with heat shrink.
CAUTION: Do not open the Proflo Jr. in an explosive gas atmosphere.
1. Remove the large silver pipe plug. A large flat bit is required to break the pipe plug free.
2. Plug removal exposes the old battery. Grab the heatshrink on the battery with needle nose pliers
and pull the battery out of the housing. Untwist the red and black Proflo Jr. wires.
3. Cut the Proflo Jr. wires free from the old battery as close to the battery as possible.
4. Remove about 3/8 in. of insulation from the ends of the Proflo Jr. wires.
5. Remove about 3/8 in. of insulation from the ends of the replacement battery wires.
6. Slide heat shrink sleeves over the replacement battery wires.
7. Solder the bare ends of the replacement battery wires to the bare ends of the Proflo Jr. wires.
Match red to red and black to black.
8. Slide heat shrink sleeves over the soldered wire ends and shrink using a heat gun.
9. Twist battery wires 4 – 5 turns and slide the battery into the Proflo Jr. compartment.
10. Thread the pipe plug back into the Proflo Jr. until the plug top is flush with the case.
Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT)

CAUTION: See arc welding caution at the beginning of this chapter.
A DNFT is a totally enclosed electronic device that detects slow-flow and no-flow of divider block
lubrication systems. It uses an oscillating crystal to accurately monitor the lubrication system cycle
time to enable precision timed shutdown capability. The magnet assembly and control housing
mount directly to a divider valve. Lubricant flow through a divider valve assembly forces the piston to
cycle back and forth causing a lateral movement of the DNFT magnet linked to the piston. The DNFT
microprocessor monitors piston movement and resets the timer, lights the LED, and allows the unit to
continue operation, indicating one complete cycle of the lubrication system. If the microprocessor
fails to receive this cycle within a predetermined time, a shutdown occurs. The DNFT automatically
resets the alarm circuit when normal divider valve operation resumes.
DNFTs utilize an LED to indicate each cycle of the divider valve, which allows easy adjustment and
monitoring of lubrication rates. Programmable models display total pints, cycle time of divider valve,
total cycles of divider valve, or pints per day pump rate on a liquid crystal display and operators can
adjust alarm time from 20 to 255 seconds.
3/11 PAGE 2-7

DNFT Installation
1. Loosen the Allen set screws on the DNFT and remove
magnet housing. Do not remove magnet, spring, or spacer
from magnet housing.
SBCO & Trabon O-Ring Seal 7/16”-20
2. Remove piston enclosure plug from end of desired divider
valve. The DNFT installs on any of the divider valves of the
divider block. The DNFT requires the correct magnet
assembly to match the divider valve manufacturer (see
Fig. 2-6). Trabon Metal Gasket Seal 7/16”-20
(1994 or earlier)
NOTE: Do not install a DNFT on Lincoln divider valves
with cycle indicator pins.
3. If applicable, verify o-ring or metal gasket is in place on
magnet housing. Thread magnet housing into end of Lincoln O-Ring Seal 7/16”-20
divider valve. Torque to 15 foot pounds maximum. Extended Nose
4. Slide DNFT all the way onto hex of magnet housing. FIGURE 2-6 Typical DNFT Magnet
Torque Allen set screws on hex of magnet housing to 25 Assemblies
inch pounds, maximum.
5. The LED on the DNFT indicates each divider valve cycle to allow lubricator pump adjustment for
Ariel recommended cycle time and oil consumption. If the LED fails to blink during compressor
operation or by manually pumping oil into the divider valve, then the DNFT requires adjustment.
6. The divider valve must cycle during 1 2 3 4
DNFT adjustment. To cycle it, either 5 6 7 8
run the compressor or manually pump
oil through the distribution block with a
hand priming pump.
7. To adjust, slide DNFT all the way onto
hex of magnet housing. Tighten Allen 12S
set screws to 25 inch pounds maxi-
mum. A blinking LED indicates correct
adjustment. If the LED fails to blink 12T 9
with divider valve cycling, slide DNFT
back on the hex of the magnet hous- 10
ing in 1/16" increments until it does.
8. Make all conduit and connections 1. Divider Valve Piston 6. LED
appropriate for area classification. 2. Magnet 7. Control Housing
Support conduit and fittings to avoid 3. Magnet Housing 8. Wire Leads (7)
bending the magnet housing. 4. O-Ring 9. Divider Valve
5. Allen Set Screws (2) 10. Piston Enclosure Plug
9. After DNFT installation and before
compressor start-up, purge all air from FIGURE 2-7 Typical DNFT Installation
divider block lubrication system with a
purge gun.
NOTE: When installing multiple DNFTs, wire each to a separate alarm circuit of the control
panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and DNFT troubleshooting.
PAGE 2-8 3/11

Open Loop Mode Closed Loop Mode

Orange Orange
Orange Control Panel, Orange Control Panel,
Annunciator, Annunciator,
Violet* or PLC Violet* or PLC
Violet* Violet*
Yellow Proximity Yellow Proximity
Switch Switch
*Short Violet
Green *Insulate Violet Green wires together
Ground wires from each Ground & insulate them
other & ground. from ground.
FIGURE 2-8 A-10754 Programmable DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation
Open Loop Mode Closed Loop Mode

Red
Red Control Panel, Red* Control Panel,
Annunciator, Orange Annunciator,
Orange* or PLC or PLC
Orange
Yellow dedicated switch closure to Yellow dedicated switch closure to

monitor each divider valve cycle. monitor each divider valve cycle.
Green *Insulate wires Green *Insulate wires

Ground from each other Ground from each other
& conduit. & conduit.
FIGURE 2-9 A-10753 and A-10772 DNFT Wiring Connections for Unit in Operation
Programmable DNFTs
Programmable DNFTs come with a small LCD screen to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
display total divider valve cycles (Mode 1), cycle time of
divider valve in seconds (Mode 2), total pints of oil used
(Mode 3), or daily pump rate in pints (Mode 4). Operators can
also adjust alarm time in Mode 1.
CAUTION: Program the DNFT before installing it on 9

a divider valve. Do not program a DNFT mounted on a
divider valve while the compressor runs; it will shut
down the compressor. To program a mounted DNFT, 1. Magnet 7. 1/8” Recessed
2. Magnet Housing Opening for
first remove it from the divider valve. Programming
3. Allen Set Screws Magnet
To program: 4. LED 8. Wire Leads (7)
5. Control Housing 9. Programming
1. Insert the programming magnet into the 1/8" recessed 6. LCD Magnet
opening on the face of the DNFT. The current program- FIGURE 2-10 Typical
ming mode (1, 2, 3, or 4) immediately displays on the Programmable DNFT
LCD followed by "0" 2 seconds later. "0" indicates the cur-
rent mode is ready for programming.
2. If the desired programming mode does not display, remove and re-insert the programming mag-
net into the recessed opening until it does. Leave the programming magnet in the recessed
opening when the desired programming mode displays.
3. Select one of the programming modes below:
a. Mode 1 - LCD displays total divider valve cycles; program alarm time.
3/11 PAGE 2-9

• To set alarm time, press and release the spring-loaded programming magnet assembly until
the desired alarm time in seconds displays on the LCD. Set alarm time from a minimum of
20 seconds to a maximum of 255 seconds.
• Remove programming magnet. DNFT displays total divider valve cycles if left in this mode
and alarm time is now set.
b. Mode 2 - LCD displays cycle time of divider valve in seconds.
• Remove programming magnet with Mode 2 dispays. LCD counts each divider valve cycle in
seconds, counting up from zero until the divider valve completes one full cycle. When divider
valve completes one full cycle, the LCD resets to zero and repeats the count until another
cycle is completed. The LED blinks in all modes to indicate each divider valve cycle. This
blink enables the operator to set pump rate.
c. Mode 3 - LCD displays total pints used; program divider valve total.
• To set divider valve total, add the total of the divider valve assembly on which the DNFT will
be installed. Example: 24 + 24 + 24 = 72.
• Press and release the spring-loaded programming magnet until the divider valve total dis-
plays on the LCD. Maximum value: 120.
• Remove programming magnet. The DNFT displays total pints on the LCD if left in this mode.
d. Mode 4 - LCD displays pump rate in pints per day.
• Remove programming magnet with Mode 4 dispays. LCD displays pump rate in pints per day.
This mode requires a minimum 4 second cycle time.
The DNFT stores all programmed information until the operator inserts the programming magnet into
the recessed opening, selects Mode 1 or Mode 3, and presses the spring loaded magnet assembly.
This action resets the unit to zero and allows entry of a new value.
DNFT Battery Replacement 1 9 8
The DNFT operates on a field-replaceable lithium

battery that should last six to ten years. If battery
voltage drops below normal operating levels, the
DNFT shuts down and the compressor cannot be
2
restarted until the battery is replaced.
6
3
CAUTION: Do not open a DNFT in an explo-
sive gas atmosphere. 4 5 7
1. Magnet 5. Polarized 8. #22 AWG
1. Shut down compressor. Housing Connector 18” (0.46 m)
2. Magnet 6. Field Leads (7)
2. Disconnect DNFT wiring
3. O-Ring Replaceable 9. Allen Set
3. Use 1/8 inch Allen wrench to loosen Allen set Battery Screws (2)
4. Control
screws and remove control housing to a safe Housing 7. 1/2” Pipe Plug
atmosphere.
FIGURE 2-11 Typical Digital No-Flow
4. Use 3/8 inch ratchet wrench to remove pipe Timer Switch (DNFT)
plug.
5. Remove battery and disconnect from polarized connector.
6. Connect new battery to polarized connector.
7. Insert new battery and reinstall pipe plug.
8. Place DNFT control housing on the magnet housing in its original position and tighten set screws.
Reattach wiring and conduit.
9. To verify DNFT operation, pre-lube the system and check for LED blink.
PAGE 2-10 3/11

Troubleshooting DNFT’s
NOTE: When installing multiple DNFTs, wire each to a separate alarm circuit of the control
panel, annunciator, or PLC to simplify lubrication system and DNFT troubleshooting.
Possible
Problem Solution
Cause
Loosen set screws, slide DNFT all the way onto hex of magnet housing and
Improperly torque to 25 inch pounds max. (Do not over tighten). Either pump clean oil
adjusted through lubrication system with a purge gun or run the compressor to cycle
DNFT. the divider valve. If necessary, slide DNFT back in 1/16“ increments until LED
blinks with each divider valve cycle.
LED does not Broken spring Loosen set screws, remove DNFT from magnet housing. Remove magnet
blink and housing from divider valve. Remove magnet, spring, and spacer and check
or magnet in
control panel for damage. Replace damaged components. Re-install magnet housing on
magnet
indicates lube divider valve and DNFT on magnet housing. If necessary, adjust DNFT, check
housing.
no-flow. (see for LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
also Erratic Low battery Remove battery from DNFT and test it. Replace battery with a factory recom-
Shutdown) voltage. mended replacement lithium battery if voltage is below 2.5 volts.
Loosen set screws, remove DNFT from magnet housing. Check for damaged
or bent magnet housing. Remove magnet assembly from divider valve.
Bent magnet
Replace magnet housing, magnet, spring, and spacer. Re-install new magnet
housing.
housing on divider valve and DNFT on magnet housing. If necessary, adjust
DNFT, check for LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
Wrong mag- Loosen set screws and remove DNFT from magnet housing. Check for cor-
net housing rect magnet housing for divider valve manufacturer. Remove and replace with
installed on correct magnet housing. Re-install DNFT on new magnet housing. If neces-
divider valve. sary adjust DNFT, check for LED blink. Purge air from system with purge gun.
Rupture disc
blows and Check system pressure to verify oil flows to divider valves. If needed, install
divider valve pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation:
seizes after Air or • Loosen outlet plugs in front of valve blocks. Purge lubrication system with a
DNFT debris in purge gun until clean, clear, air-free oil flows from plugs.
installation. • Loosen each piston enclosure plug individually to purge air from behind pis-
divider valve
ton. Do not remove piston enclosure plugs. Tighten all divider valve plugs.
assembly. Adjust DNFT.
To ensure proper lubrication system operation, all tubing and compo-
nents MUST be filled with oil and free of air before start-up.
• Normally Open - Attach ohmmeter to red wires. Should read 10
Faulty wiring
A-10753 megaohms in operation and less than 10 ohms in alarm.
from DNFT to
A-10772 • Normally Closed - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires. Should
control panel read less than 10 ohms in operation and infinity in alarm.
or air in sys-
tem (see • Normally Open - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires; insulate violet
Erratic shut- wires from each other. Should read 10 ohms or less in alarm.
above for air A-10754
down or LED • Normally Closed - Attach ohmmeter to orange wires. Short vio-
in system).
blink. let wires together. Should read infinity in alarm.
Check system pressure to verify oil flows to divider valves. If needed, install
pressure gauge to monitor lubrication system operation. Check gauge to ver-
Faulty lube
ify pump builds sufficient pressure to inject oil into cylinder. Do not remove
pump.
tubing from check valve and pump oil to atmosphere to check oil flow into cyl-
inder. Replace pump.
3/11 PAGE 2-11

Proximity Switch
A proximity switch installs into a divider valve in place of a piston end plug and can be used to
actuate any device. It consists of a reed switch and a magnet. When installed, the magnet rests
against the divider valve piston and parallel to the reed switch. With every divider valve pulse, the
piston moves the magnet, which opens and closes the reed switch contacts.
Proximity Switch Installation

1. Select desired divider valve section on 2 3 4
which to mount the proximity switch.
2. Remove piston end plug and O-ring seal 1
from divider valve.
3. Loosen the two 1/4-20 UNC proximity
switch housing set screws and remove
magnet holder assembly. Proximity Switch Housing
4. Thread proximity switch magnet holder 5 6 7 8 9

assembly into divider valve end plug
connection.
5. Slide proximity switch housing over
magnet holder assembly, but do not Proximity Switch Magnet Holder Assembly
tighten set screws. 1. White Switch 3. Switch Housing 7. Spring
Leads (2) 4. Set Screw (2) 8. Magnet Spacer
6. Connect an ohm meter across the two
2. Green Ground 5. Magnet Holder 9. Switch Magnet
white switch leads exiting the proximity Lead (1)
switch housing. 6. O-ring
7. Cycle the divider valve pistons by pump- FIGURE 2-12 Typical Proximity
ing oil through the divider valve base-
plate inlet. Check ohm meter to verify reed switch actuation.
8. If there is no actuation, slowly slide out the proximity switch housing until the ohm meter indicates
the reed switch makes and breaks contact.
9. Tighten switch housing set screws. Cycle divider valve piston to verify reed switch actuation.
There is a proximity switch repair kit available. The kit includes a magnet holder, switch magnet,
spring, magnet spacer, set screws, and O-ring for Trabon divider valves (1995 or later).
Main Bearing Temperature Alarm and Shutdown

Order main bearing thermocouples or RTD temperature sensors as an option for JGH:E:K:T frames:
Thermocouples - J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel)

A thermocouple is two dissimilar conductors joined together at one end to form a sensor that
produces a small self-generated thermoelectric voltage as an accurate function of temperature.
Appropriate electronic devices can interpret the thermocouple voltage as temperature.
Wire: Use proper thermocouple wire from sensor to control panel with each lead wire metal matching
each conductor metal of sensor.
Sensor Accuracy: 4°F (2.2°C) or 0.75%.
Terminals: Use proper terminals with metal matching each thermocouple sensor conductor/wire
lead metal.
PAGE 2-12 3/11

Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD’s)

An RTD is a resistor sensor in which electrical resistance accurately varies with temperature.
Appropriate electronic devices can interpret the resistance as temperature. Main bearing RTD’s are
dual-element RTD instrument assemblies, consisting of two RTD’s in each instrument for each main
bearing. Each element is a three-wire, 100 ohms (at 0°C), Alpha = 0.00385 ohms/ohm/°C, platinum
thin film sensor.
Wire: Use standard 24 AWG (American Wire Gage) instrumentation wire Element 1
from the junction box on the side of the compressor frame to sensor
wiring. Wire an RTD three-wire set using a 2, 3 or 4 wire lead system. White
More wires increases system accuracy. Ariel recommends standard foil
shielded instrumentation cable runs from the compressor frame to control Red
panel. Ground shields in the control panel. Red
Sensor Accuracy: 100 + 0.12 ohms at 0°C = 1.1°F (0.6°C) or 0.6%.

Element 2
Terminals: Use any standard terminals.
Green
For each instrument, one RTD three-wire set connects to the monitoring
circuit. Insulate unused wire ends from each other and conduit ground. Black
Dual element RTDs allow for rewiring instead of replacing the instrument Black
if an element fails.
RTD's with two red wires and one white wire for one element, and two
black wires and one green wire for the other simplify wiring requirements. Figure 2-13 Dual Ele-
ment RTD Wiring Dia-
Dual-element RTD redundancy allows operators to restore bearing
temperature monitoring without entering the crankcase for each RTD failure.
Alarm and Shutdown Limits

1. Main bearing temperature high alarm and shutdown. - Ariel recommends 20°F (12°C) above
normal operating temperature for alarm and 30°F (18°C) above for shutdown. Maximum values
of 220°F (104°C) for alarm and 230°F (110°C) for shutdown apply. Normal operating temperature
is the average of all main bearing temperatures at design load when oil temperature stabilizes
and all components are heat-soaked.
2. High main bearing temperature differential alarm and shutdown. - Main bearing differential
temperature is the difference between the maximum and minimum of all main bearing tempera-
tures. Ariel recommends 20°F (12°C) for alarm and 30°F (18°C) for shutdown. Be aware that
after a warm shutdown, main bearing #1 may cool faster than the others and prevent a restart.
3/11 PAGE 2-13

PAGE 2-14 3/11

Section 3 - Maintenance
Ariel compressors, like all industrial equipment, require maintenance. The severity of compressor
service directly influences the frequency and amount of maintenance needed. Below are
recommended intervals for inspections and replacements to help determine appropriate intervals for
a given compressor application. Careful documentation of inspection results is critical to establish
whether recommended intervals are adequate or require more or less frequency.
NOTE: For intermittent duty service, see ER-8.2.2.

As part of your maintenance program, Ariel recommends:
• Consistent adherence to safety policies, procedures, and equipment warning labels.

• Daily operational checks.
• Routine trending and review of operational parameters.
• Routine oil analysis and trending.
• Detailed records of all maintenance.
• To avoid contamination, keep all covers in place where access is not required. Use lint free cloths
or paper towels during internal maintenance.
CAUTION: Gas compressors are complicated and dangerous pieces of equipment. Only
fully trained operators and mechanics familiar with unit operation should attempt any
maintenance. Read and thoroughly understand your manual and always wear appropri-
ate personal protection equipment during maintenance.
Never adjust any fastener torques while the unit is operating or pressurized.
To prevent serious personal injury or death, verify driver or compressor cylinder gas
pressure cannot turn compressor crankshaft during maintenance. For engine-driven
compressors, either remove the center coupling or lock the flywheel; for electric motor-
driven compressors, either detach the driver from the compressor or lock out the driver
switch gear. Before any maintenance or component removal, relieve all pressure from
compressor cylinders. See packager information to completely vent the system or call
the packager for assistance. After maintenance, purge the entire system with gas prior to
operation to avoid a potentially explosive air/gas mixture.
3/11 PAGE 3-1

Section 3 - Maintenance For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Initial Maintenance
Comply with Ariel Packager Standards and the compressor Start Up Check List. Adhere to all items
before and after start-up. After running a new, relocated, reconfigured, or overhauled compressor for
24 hours, shut down, vent the gas system, and perform the following maintenance:
1. Perform a hot coupling align- 0.012
ment check within 30 minutes of
Angular TIR Limit, in., max.

shutdown; bar driver shaft to 0.010
packager recommendations.
0.008
To ensure parallel and concen-
tric drive train alignment, posi- 0.006
tion connected equipment so
the total indicator reading (TIR) 0.004
is as close to zero as possible
on the coupling hub faces and 0.002
outside diameters at normal
operating temperature. Do not 0.000
0 10 20 30 40 50
exceed 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) Hub Diameter, in.
on the face and outside diame-
ter, except for outside diameters FIGURE 1 Angular Coupling-Hub Face Alignment TIR Limits
above 17 in. (43 cm) where the
angular face TIR limit is 0° 1’ (0.0167°).
• Hub O.D. > 17 in. x 0.00029 = angular coupling-hub face TIR, in. max.
• Hub O.D. > 43 cm x 0.0029 = angular coupling-hub face TIR, mm max.)
Center the coupling between the driver and compressor. It must not thrust or force the crankshaft
against either thrust face.
For cold alignment, account for the difference in thermal TABLE 1 Compressor Thermal
growth height between the compressor and driver. Table Height Growth Predictions
1 lists compressor centerline height change based on 6.5
x 10-6/°F (11.7 x 10-6/°C) and a differential temperature of Frame
Thermal Height
100°F (55.6°C). Obtain driver thermal growth predictions Growth
Model
from the driver manufacturer. Inches (mm)
2. At hot alignment check, adjust discharge bottle supports JGM:N:P:Q 0.006 (0.15)
and head end supports, if applicable. JG:A:I 0.007 (0.18)
NOTE: To avoid cylinder distortion, lift discharge bot- JGR:W:J 0.008 (0.20)
tles only 0.003 to 0.005 inch using the supports. JGH:E:K:T 0.011 (0.28)
3. Check fastener torque on gas nozzle flanges, valve caps, JGC:D 0.014 (0.36)
cylinder heads, piston rod packing flanges, and cross- JGZ:U, KBZ:U 0.016 (0.41)
head guide to frame bolting, if applicable. See Mainte-
nance and Repair Manual or Ariel document ER-63 for JGB:V 0.020 (0.51)
correct torques. After the first week or 150 hours, re- KBB:V 0.018 (0.46)
check fastener torques.
4. Repeat torque check after the first month or 650 hours; re-check fasteners that turn after the sec-
ond month or 1300 hours. If loosening persists, consult your packager or Ariel for probable cause
and recommended correction.
Daily Maintenance
1. Log and trend the following:
• Operating RPM, gas pressure and temperatures - determine if the unit is operating within
design parameters and expectations.
PAGE 3-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 3 - Maintenance
NOTE: Verify high and low pressure shutdowns are set as close as practical to normal
operating conditions. Set points must protect the machine from exceeding compressor
limits.
• Bearing temperatures - if the unit is equipped with main bearing temperature sensors.
• Frame oil pressure - at operating temperature (190°F (88°C) max. inlet oil temperature), it
should be 50 to 60 psig (3.5 to 4.2 barg) at the filter gauges. If pressure falls below 50 psig,
shut down the compressor then determine and correct the cause.
• Frame inlet oil temperature.
• Oil filter differential pressure - differential pressure exceeding the filter change value indicates a
need for a filter change. See filter information plate on top cover or Maintenance and Repair
Manual for procedure.
2. Check frame oil level. It should be about mid-level in the sight glass and free of foam when run-
ning. If not, determine and correct the cause. Do not overfill. Check oil makeup tank for sufficient
oil supply. For dry sump frames, check the package sump oil level.
3. Check force feed lubricator box oil level. It should be full to the overflow line.
4. Log and trend packing vent temperature and check crosshead guide vents for leakage.
5. If applicable, check suction valve unloader actuator vents for leakage.
6. If applicable, check clearance pocket vents for leakage.
7. Verify the high discharge gas temperature shutdown is set to within 10% or as close as practical
above the normal operating discharge temperature. Do not exceed the maximum discharge tem-
perature shutdown setting for the application.
8. Log and trend valve cap temperatures.
9. Check lubricator block cycle time. See lubricator box data plate for correct cycle time. Contami-
nated gas may require a shorter cycle time. Check lube sheet for units not running at rated
speed.
10. Check for gas, oil, and coolant leaks.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to repair leaks while the unit is operating or pressurized.
11. Check for unusual noises or vibrations.

12. See packager documentation for additional recommended checks, i.e. scrubber liquid levels,
dump valve operation, cooler louver positions, etc.
3/11 PAGE 3-3

Monthly Maintenance
1. Perform all Daily maintenance.
2. Verify safety shutdown functionality.
3. Sample frame oil and send it to a reputable lubricant lab for analysis. See Ariel Packager Stan-
dards (ER-56.06) for a list of what an oil analysis should provide. If analysis results indicate
increasing levels of lead, tin, or copper particles in the oil, shut down unit. Remove frame top
cover and crosshead guide side covers. Visually inspect for debris. Do not disassemble further
without good reason. If debris indicates, replace affected parts, then change the oil, oil filter, and
clean the oil strainer with a suitable solvent.
4. Check and log cylinder clearance devices in use and their settings.
Six-Month (4,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily and Monthly maintenance.
2. Shut down unit and allow sufficient time for components to cool.
3. Drain and replace force feed lubricator box oil.
4. Clean sintered element in the small oil filter on the force feed lubrication system now or at every
main oil filter change. Use a suitable solvent
5. Change oil filter. See top cover filter information plate or Maintenance and Repair Manual for pro-
cedure).
NOTE: On replaceable element style filters, drain the canister completely before removing
the element.
NOTE: Replaceable filter elements have a finite shelf life. Check the “Install by” date on
the filter element before installation. Inspect elements for cleanliness and damage. Do not
install dirty or damaged elements.
6. Change oil. Extremely dirty environments, oil supplier recommendations, or oil analysis may dic-
tate a different oil change interval. Follow these steps:
a. Drain oil from frame, associated piping, and oil cooler.
b. Clean oil strainer with suitable solvent.
c. Open frame top cover and crosshead guide side covers. Visually inspect for debris. Do not
disassemble further without good reason. If debris indicates, replace affected parts, then
change the oil and filter and clean the strainer with a suitable solvent.
d. Refill frame with fresh, clean oil.
7. Check cylinder lubrication. See Maintenance and Repair Manual for procedure.
8. Re-tighten hold down nuts to proper torque. Inspect for frame twist or bending to verify main
bearing bore alignment. See Ariel document ER-82 for flatness and soft foot requirements.
9. Perform a coupling alignment (see "Initial Maintenance" above).
PAGE 3-4 3/11

One-Year (8,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, and Six-Month maintenance.
2. Grease VVCP stem threads at grease fitting, with 2 to 3 pumps of multi-purpose grease using a
standard hand pump grease gun. Turn VVCP adjustment handle all the way in and all the way
out to lubricate the threads. Measure or count turns to return the handle to its orginal position.
3. Open force feed lubricator box and visually inspect pump followers, cams, and gears for wear.
4. Pressure test distribution blocks. See Maintenance and Repair Manual for procedure.
5. Measure, log, and trend the following:
• Main bearing, connecting rod bearing, and crankshaft jack and thrust clearances.
NOTE: Clearance trends along with oil analysis and crankcase visual inspection can indi-
cate the need for bearing replacement. Contact Ariel for original assembly clearances.
• Crosshead to guide clearances.
• Piston rod run out.
See Maintenance and Repair Manual for procedures. If any of the above items are outside limits
listed in the Maintenance and Repair Manual, replace the affected parts.
6. Remove valves and valve gaskets:
a. Visually inspect valve pockets for damage. Verify all old valve seat gaskets are removed.
b. Have a qualified valve repair shop disassemble, visually inspect, and refurbish the valves
where needed. Provide the valve repair shop an Ariel torque chart and valve service guide.
c. Visually inspect cylinder gas passages and clean them of all debris.
7. If applicable, visually inspect suction valve unloader actuator stems for damage or wear. Visually
inspect stem seals for damage or wear and confirm that the actuator moves freely.
8. If applicable, visually inspect valve pneumatic clearance pockets for damage or wear (seating
surface and stems/stem seals). Confirm that actuator moves freely.
9. Inspect cylinder bores for damage or wear. Replace the cylinder body or restore the bore if any of
the following conditions exist:
• Bore surface blemishes or gouges.
• Bore out of round more than 0.001 inch per inch of bore diameter (0.001 mm/mm) or tapered.
10. Inspect piston rings and wearband:
a. Measure and log piston ring condition, end gap, and side clearance.
b. Replace rings that are damaged or outside limits listed in Maintenance and Repair Manual.
c. When replacing rings, re-measure and log ring side clearance to check for groove wear.
d. Measure and log radial projection of wear band.
11. Inspect piston rods for damage and excessive wear. Replace rod if any of these conditions exist:
• Gouges or scratches on the rod.
• Under size more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm).
• Out of round more than 0.001 inch (0.03 mm) per inch of rod diameter.
• Tapered more than 0.002 inch (0.05 mm) per inch of rod diameter.
12. Rebuild piston rod pressure packing cases. See Maintenance and Repair Manual for procedure.
13. Re-install valves, retainers, and valve caps using new valve gaskets and valve cap o-rings/seals.
Use proper installation techniques and torque procedures for valve caps.
3/11 PAGE 3-5

14. Check and re-calibrate all required instrumentation.

15. Clean crankcase breather filter with suitable solvent.
16. Check and, if needed, adjust drive chains. See ER-74 for procedure.
17. If the compressor is equipped with crankcase over-pressure relief valves, visually inspect and
exercise valves to manufacturer recommendations.
18. Check fastener torques of gas nozzle flange, valve cap, piston rod packing, crosshead pin
through bolt, crosshead guide to frame, crosshead guide to cylinder, cylinder mounting flange to
forged steel cylinder, distance piece to cylinder, distance piece to crosshead guide, and tandem
cylinder to cylinder.
Two-Year (16,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, and One-Year maintenance.
2. Rebuild oil wiper cases.
3. If applicable, use new piston and stem seals to rebuild actuators on suction valve unloaders and
fix volume pneumatic pockets. Replace piston stem assemblies where stem is damaged or worn.
4. Check auxiliary end chain drive for undercut sprocket teeth and chain for excessive stretching.
Replace as required.
Three-Year (24,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, and One-Year maintenance.
2. Replace non-ELP connecting rod bearings for JGE:T:C:D:U:Z:B:V and KBB:V. See Maintenance
and Repair manual for procedure.
NOTE: Main and connecting rod bearing wear and replacement intervals are heavily
dependent on many factors including speed, load, oil temperature, oil cleanliness, and oil
quality. Depending on the severity of service, the bearing maintenance interval may be
longer or shorter.
Four-Year (32,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, One-Year, and Two-Year maintenance.
2. Remove crosshead pins. Measure and log crosshead pin to crosshead pin bore and connecting
rod bushing bore clearances. Check the crosshead pin end caps and through bolt for wear.
Replace if needed.
3. Check for bushing wear in the auxiliary end drive chain tightener.
4. Check for ring groove wear in pistons.
Six-Year (48,000 Hour) Maintenance

1. Perform all Daily, Monthly, Six-Month, One-Year, Two-Year, and Three-Year maintenance.
2. Replace lubricator distribution blocks.
3. Replace crosshead and connecting rod bushings. See Maintenance and Repair Manual for pro-
cedures.
4. Replace connecting rod bearings. See Maintenance and Repair Manual for procedure.
5. Replace main bearings. See Maintenance and Repair manual for procedure.
PAGE 3-6 3/11

Checking Lubrication
Oil Pump Discharge
The oil pump constantly
supplies oil to all journal
bearings, bushings, and
crosshead sliding surfaces. It
directly couples to the Suction
crankshaft by a chain and
sprocket and provides
adequate oil flow to bearings
when the compressor Remove Dust Cap
operates at the minimum to expose Safety
speed rating (typically half of Relief Valve
Adjustment Screw. FIGURE 3-1 Lube Oil Pump - Typical
maximum rated speed).
Crankshaft driven oil pumps maintain oil pressure with a spring-loaded safety relief within the pump
head (some models use a separate pressure regulator). To raise or lower lube system pressure,
adjust the spring compression on this valve.
With a separate oil pressure regulating valve, Ariel sets the spring-loaded safety relief within the
pump head to approximately 75 psig (5.2 barg) to prevent high oil pump discharge pressures that
could damage the pump. In this case, do not adjust the pump safety relief valve except with a new
pump installation.
Oil Pressure Regulating Valve

Without a separate oil pressure regulating valve, Ariel sets the oil pump safety relief valve to regulate
pressure at 60 psig (4.1 barg) into the compressor when crankshaft speed equals or exceeds
minimum normal operating speed. If oil pressure into the compressor at minimum operating speed
and normal operating temperature does not read about 60 psig (4.1 barg), adjust the oil pump safety
relief valve. With compressor running at minimum rated speed, remove dust cap and turn the
adjustment screw clockwise to increase oil pressure, or counter-clockwise to decrease it.
With a separate lube oil pressure regulating valve, Ariel sets normal oil pressure into the compressor
at the regulating valve to 60 psig (4.1 barg) when crankshaft speed equals or exceeds minimum
normal operating speed.
NOTE: If oil pressure drops below 50 PSIG (3.5 barg) when crankshaft speed equals or
exceeds minimum rated operating speed, find the cause and correct it.
Low Oil Pressure Shutdown

The packager normally mounts a customer specified low oil pressure shutdown. Ariel provides an oil
pressure pickup fitting on the oil gallery located after the filter. Set the electric or pneumatic oil
pressure switch to actuate when oil pressure falls below 45 psig (3.1 barg). An alarm set to actuate
when oil pressure falls below 50 psig (3.4 barg) is desirable. Please note:
1. The compressor requires a working low oil pressure shutdown. When shut down as a result of
low oil pressure, DO NOT re-start until fault is found and corrected.
2. Do not add oil to the crankcase through the breather hole while the unit runs. This causes oil
foaming and unnecessary no-flow shutdowns in the force feed lubrication system.
3. When the force feed lubrication system has a common supply (from the crankcase), it constantly
uses oil from the crankcase. This requires an oil sump level controller designed to allow oil to flow
into the crankcase from an overhead tank at all ambient temperatures.
3/11 PAGE 3-7

Oil Cooler
The oil cooler maintains oil temperature in the compressor frame below the maximum limit. In sizing
a proper oil cooler, the packager considers the cooling medium and its temperature and flow rate,
and the lube oil temperature and flow rate. The Ariel Performance Program lists oil heat rejection
data for each frame in the frame details section (contact your packager or Ariel for details). It also
lists required cooling water flow rate and temperature to properly cool oil with Ariel supplied coolers.
Insufficient cooling water flow rate is the primary cause of high oil temperatures.
Mount the cooler as close to the compressor as possible with piping of adequate size to minimize
pressure drop of both lubricating oil and cooling medium.
Oil Temperature Control Valve

The cooler requires thermostatic valves Lube Oil
to control compressor oil temperature. A A to Main
Oil Filter
thermostatic valve is a three-way valve Lube Oil B
with a temperature sensitive element. As from Main Thermostatic
Oil Pump Control Valve
the oil heats, the sensing element opens C
the third port in the valve.
Two configurations determine Lube Oil Cooler
thermostatic valve operation: diverting
mode and mixing mode. In diverting Thermostatic control valve configuration may vary from this sche-
mode, the oil diverts to the cooler when matic, depending on valve size. Valve connections A-B-C are
compressor oil is hot enough to open the marked on the valve.
valve. In mixing mode, the element opens FIGURE 3-2 Lube Oil Thermostatic Valve in Mixing Mode
a port in the thermostatic valve that
allows oil from the cooler to mix with hot oil from the bypass. Diverting mode monitors temperature of
oil from the compressor. Mixing mode monitors temperature of oil to the compressor. Ariel
recommends mixing mode configuration.
Frame Oil System Components

Oil Strainer
An oil strainer installed upstream of the pump prevents debris from entering the pump and damaging
it. Ariel supplies a 30 mesh (595 microns) strainer on all JGH:E:K:T compressors. It is located on the
auxiliary end of the crankcase below oil level. Remove the strainer basket and wash it in an
appropriate solvent whenever lubricating oil is changed. For dry sump frames, the lube oil strainer
ships uninstalled from the factory. The packager installs it in the piping later.
Oil Filter
All compressor frames require oil filters to remove contamination that can damage both equipment
and oil. Contaminants that damage equipment include:
• Wear particles from equipment • Solid particles from gas stream
• Airborne particles such as dust or sand • Dirt from new refinery oil
Contaminants that damage oil include soot (commonly from engine combustion), oxidized oil
components, and air bubbles.
Ariel JGH:E:K:T frames ship with simplex, spin-on resin-impregnated filters as standard. Spin-on
filters have a 5 micron nominal and 17 micron absolute rating. The Beta ratings are ß5 = 2 and ß17 =
75. Many spin-on filters fit an Ariel compressor, but very few meet filtration ratings of Ariel filters. For
this reason, Ariel recommends no after-market filters. Exercise caution if using an after-market filter.
PAGE 3-8 3/11

Pressure gauges monitor pressure drop across the filter. High differential pressure indicates a
plugged filter. Ariel recommends lube oil filter replacement every 6 months, or 4000 hours, or when
oil filter differential pressure at normal operating temperature reaches 10 psid (0.7 barg), whichever
comes first. On start-up, differential pressure may exceed 10 psid (0.7 barg) until the oil reaches
operating temperature. On the same schedule, or with every main oil filter change, clean the sintered
element in the small oil filter of the force feed lubricator.
Simplex Spin-on Filter Replacement

NOTE: Replace oil filters only with Ariel approved filters.
1. Remove old filter, clean filter base surfaces, and verify old gasket is removed.
2. Fill filter with clean oil using same grade oil as in sump. Failure to fill filter vessel with oil prior
to starting can cause severe compressor damage.
3. Apply clean oil to the filter gasket and thread the filter with gasket onto the base.
4. Tighten the filter one turn after the filter gasket contacts the base.
5. After starting the unit, check for leaks, and retighten if necessary.
6. Do not run unit with a damaged filter; it may fracture or leak.
Simplex Filter Cartridge Replacement

1. Remove 3/4” NPT drain lug and drain oil completely.
2. While the oil drains, open 3/4” NPT vent and remove top cover.
3. Remove spring plate assembly and strainer tube.
4. After the oil drains completely, remove filter elements.
5. Inspect interior of filter vessel for debris. Clean if needed.
6. Place new element(s) over seat in bottom of vessel.
7. Insert strainer tube and re-install spring plate assembly.
8. Inspect cover o-ring for wear. Replace if needed.
9. Close drain and fill vessel.
10. Install cover. Torque nuts to 70-80 Lb x Ft (95-110 N•m).
11. Release trapped air through vent. Check for leaks.
Duplex Filter Cartridge Replacement

1. Inspect unused filter for oil. Release trapped air, if necessary.
2. Equalize pressure between the filters.
3. Turn handle of transfer valve towards unused filter until it stops.
4. Shut off equalizing line.
5. Remove 3/4” NPT drain plug and drain oil completely.
6. Remove top cover.
7. Follow steps 4-10 of Simplex Filter Cartridge Replacement above.
Compressor Prelube Pump

Ariel strongly recommends an automated compressor pre-lube system for all its compressors to
extend bearing life and reduce operating costs. Compressors that meet any of these criteria require
an automated pre-lube system to ensure oil flow prior to start-up:
3/11 PAGE 3-9

• Electric motor driven compressors.

• Unattended-start compressors, regardless of driver type.
• All large frame compressor models (JGC:D:B:V:Z:U, KBB:V:Z:U).
Automated compressor pre-lube systems must provide a minimum 10 psig (0.7 barg) at the oil
gallery inlet (after the filter) for a minimum of 30 seconds prior to starting, with minimum start-up oil
viscosity and maximum allowable filter differential pressure. Ariel suggests a pre-lube pump sized at
about 25% of frame oil pump capacity, (see Appendix C for frame oil pump flow rates or in the Ariel
Performance Program). The purpose is to help ensure oil flow to all bearings, bushings, and oil-filled
clearances prior to start-up. A start permissive is desirable to sense minimum required pressure/time
at the oil gallery inlet.
Automated systems shutdown the compressor if it fails to achieve 45 psig (3.1 barg) oil pressure
within 10 seconds after initial start-up (from when crankshaft starts to turn). If a compressor fails to
start or shuts down at start-up due to low oil pressure, DO NOT re-start until the cause is
corrected.
Engine driven compressors with manual pre-lube pumps require adequate pre-lube prior to starting.
If the compressor fails to achieve 45 psig (3.1 barg) oil pressure within 10 seconds after reaching
engine idle speed, shut it down and correct the cause. Repeat manual pre-lube prior to each
cranking for start-up. When oil pressure exceeds 45 psig (3.1 barg) at start-up, a low oil pressure
shutdown set at 45 psig (3.1 barg) activates.
Oil Heaters TABLE 3-1 Heat Needed

to Maintain Minimum
The compressor may need a frame oil heater if it must start in cold JGH:E:K:T Frame Temp.
weather. Method 1 maintains the compressor frame at a minimum
temperature so the compressor can start immediately, if needed. Method 1: Multiply by
Method 2 heats oil from ambient to a minimum temperature prior to difference between oil
starting (see Table 3-1). Application requirements determine heating and ambient temp.
method. kW/°F (kW/°C)
Ariel recommends circulation heaters; do not use dipstick heaters. All 0.0086 (0.0155)
Ariel compressors have at least one heater connection. Maximum
allowable wattage per unit area for an immersion heater is 15 W/in2 Method 2: Multiply by
(2.3 W/cm2). This limit prevents oil coking on the heater element, which temperature rise divided
reduces heater efficiency and contaminates oil. by time (h)
0.0275 (0.0495)
PAGE 3-10 3/11

Thermostatic con- B
trol valve (3) config-
uration may vary 1 2 A 3
from this sche- 7 C
matic, depending on
valve size. In mixing A1 8
mode, B connec-
tion is lube oil from
main oil pump with
tee connection to 4 9 8
lube oil cooler inlet,
C is from lube oil
cooler outlet, and A Optional
is to main oil filter. 10 Heater Circuit A2
Valve connections A7
A-B-C are marked F 5
on the valve.
6
A3 A4 A8 Piping and
components
by Ariel
Piping and
components
A9 A5 A6 A9 by Packager
Oil Connections (See Ariel outline drawing for details) System Components
A1 Packager connection from Oil Pump 1. Y - Strainer
A2 Packager connection to Oil Filter 2. Compressor Driven Oil Pump (w/Safety Relief Valve
A3 Oil connection from Compressor Crankcase (Oil Sump) for pressure regulation, or in models with a separate
regulating valve (6), for relief)
A4 Lube Oil Compressor Inlet connection to Gallery Tube. Oil
flows to the crankshaft main bearings, connecting rod bear- 3. Thermostatic Control Valve, 170°F (77°C) nominal
ings, crosshead pins, and crosshead bushings. rating - Required (purchase separately from Ariel)
A5 Pressure Regulating Valve return connection to Oil Sump 4. Pre-Lube Oil Pump - Required (shown with oil heat-
(when applicable) ing circuit, when applicable)
A6 Filter Vent return connection to Oil Sump (when applicable 5. Oil Filter
on some models) 6. Pressure Regulating Valve with Overflow Return to
A7 Oil tubing connections from Frame Gallery Tube to top and Oil Sump (when applicable)
bottom of Crosshead Guides to lubricate Crossheads 7. Oil Cooler - Required
A8 Compressor Crankcase Oil Drain (Oil Sump Drain) 8. Check Valve
A9 Pre-Lube/Recirculation/Heater connections (location and 9. 3-Way Valve, when applicable for heater circuit
quantity depend on model) 10. Heater (when applicable)
FIGURE 3-3 Standard Wet Sump Frame Lube Oil Schematic
3/11 PAGE 3-11

Packager Connection to
Compressor Driven Oil Pump
Thermostatic con- B
trol valve (3) config-
uration may vary 1 2 A 3
from this schematic, 7 C
depending on valve
size. In mixing A1
mode, B connec- 8
tion is lube oil from 4 8
main oil pump with 8
tee connection to Install Check Valve (8) if
lube oil cooler inlet, over 3 Ft. (0.9 m) verti-
C is from lube oil cal run to Oil Sump (9)
cooler outlet, and A
is to main oil filter. A2
Valve connections A7
A-B-C are marked F 5
on the valve.
6
A3 A4 A8 Piping and
components
by Ariel
Piping and
9 components
A5 A6 by Packager
A3 - From drive end of frame.
Oil Connections (See Ariel outline drawing for details) System Components
A1 Packager connection from Compressor Driven Oil Pump 1. Y - Strainer - Required (supplied unmounted by Ariel)
A2 Packager connection to Oil Filter 2. Compressor Driven Oil Pump (w/ Safety Relief Valve
A3 Packager connection - Oil from compressor crankcase for pressure regulation, or in some models with a sep-
arate regulating valve (6), for relief
A4 Lube Oil Compressor-Inlet-Connection to Gallery Tube.
Oil flows to crankshaft main bearings, connecting rod 3. Thermostatic Control Valve, 170°F (77°C) nominal rat-
bearings, crosshead pins, and bushings ing - Required (available option from Ariel)
A5 Pressure Regulating Valve Return Connection to Crank- 4. Pre-Lube Oil Pump - Required (with oil heating circuit
case (when applicable on some models) when applicable)
A6 Filter Vent Return Connection to the Crankcase (when 5. Oil Filter
applicable on some models) 6. Pressure Regulating Valve with Overflow Return to
A7 Oil Tubing Connections from Frame Gallery Tube to top & Crankcase (when applicable for some models)
bottom of Crosshead Guides to lubricate Crossheads 7. Oil Cooler - Required
A8 Compressor Crankcase Oil Drain 8. Check Valve
9. Separate Lube Oil Reservoir (Oil Sump) - Required
FIGURE 3-4 Optional Dry Sump Frame Lube Oil Schematic - Typical
Frame Oil
Frame Oil Pressure
The factory sets normal pressure on the discharge side of the oil filter at 60 psig (4.1 barg) for
compressors tested mechanically complete (inspector tag displayed). If factory tested as
mechanically incomplete (no inspector tag), the packager sets normal oil pressure at initial start-up to
60 psig (4.1 barg) at the lower of the frame rated speed, cylinder (RPM), or driver speed at normal
operating temperature. If oil pressure drops below 50 psig (3.4 barg), find the cause and correct it.
PAGE 3-12 3/11

The compressor requires a 45 psig (3.1 barg) low oil pressure shutdown for protection. Do not
operate the compressor for prolonged periods at less than 50 psig (3.4 barg) oil pressure.
For proper operation of the thermostatic control valve, the maximum differential pressure between
the hot oil supply line and the cooled oil return line is 10 psid (0.7 bard).
Frame Oil Temperature

To drive off water vapor, the minimum lube oil operating temperature is 150°F (66°C). Maximum
allowable oil temperature into the compressor frame is 190°F (88°C).
Ariel offers a thermostatic control valve set at 170°F (77°C). Maintain oil temperature as close to this
temperature as possible. Higher temperatures increase the oxidation rate of oil. Every 18°F (10°C)
over 150°F (66°C) doubles the oxidation rate of oil.
Frame Oil Maintenance

Change compressor frame lubricating oil as indicated in the regular maintenance intervals or with a
filter change or when oil analysis indicates the need. Some compressors may require more frequent
oil changes if operating in an extremely dirty environment without sampling and analysis or if the oil
supplier recommends it.
Frame Oil Sampling

Typically, packagers install an oil sampling point between the oil pump and filter at an easily
accessible location. Collect and analyze oil samples to verify suitability for continued service.
Consistent oil analysis can identify when to change oil on the basis of need rather than a scheduled
interval. Depending on service, oil analysis can significantly extend oil change intervals. Oil analysis
should include:
• Viscosity testing at 100°F (40°C) and 212°F (100°C). Determines whether cylinder oils or process
gas diluted the oil.
• Particle counting to the latest version of ISO 4406.
• Spectroscopy to determine wear metals, contaminants, and additives.
• FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) to check for oxidation, water or coolant contamina-
tion, and additive depletion. This is more important if a force feed system uses separate lube oil.
Dry Sump
Compressors subject to transient motion, roll, and yaw on board a ship or floating platform may
require a dry crankcase with a separate oil reservoir. With a dry sump, Ariel provides drains at each
end of the compressor frame and an oil pump chain oiler. The packager provides a lube oil reservoir
sized and located to provide oil suction to the oil pump regardless of tilt. There should be a 30 mesh
(595 microns) oil sump strainer in the pump suction line at the lube oil reservoir outlet. Remove
strainer basket and wash it in an appropriate solvent whenever lubricating oil is changed.
Oil System Cleanliness

Clean compressor frame oil piping system and components of all foreign matter such as sand, rust,
mill scale, metal chips, weld spatter, grease, and paint. Ariel recommends using a commercial pipe
cleaning service to clean the oil piping system. If not practical, use proper cleaning procedures with
proper cleaners, acids, and/or mechanical cleaning to meet cleanliness requirements. Dispose of
cleaning by-products properly; a disposal service is recommended. Ariel also recommends flushing
all oil-piping systems with an electric or pneumatic driven pump and filtered clean production oil. Ariel
thoroughly cleans all compressor frame cavities prior to assembly and test runs compressors with a
filtered closed loop lube system.
3/11 PAGE 3-13

NOTE: Ariel recommends not disturbing lube oil piping downstream of the oil filter. Contami-
nants that enter that piping or open ports are flushed into the bearings causing catastrophic
damage. To remove or alter piping, cover the oil gallery inlets, the piping ends, and the filter
outlet so no contaminants enter. Before reinstallation, chemical and mechanical cleaning is
required. Then flush the pipe in accordance with Ariel cleanliness requirements (Table 3-2).
Prior to start-up, flush all compressors installed with an electric or pneumatic powered pre-lube pump
and less than 50 feet (15 m) of oil piping as outlined below. Include cooler oil passages in the
flushing loop. While oil systems for compressors without an electric or pneumatic powered pre-lube
pump and less than 50 feet (15 m) of oil piping must be clean, oil flushing is desirable, but not
required.
1. Prior to assembling lube oil piping, remove scale, weld slag, rust and any other matter that could
contaminate lube oil. Confirm:
• Complete and closed lube oil system.
• Crankcase or sump filled to the correct level with appropriate oil.
• Proper and correctly installed lube oil filters.
• Operational and viewable oil pressure transducer or gauge, oil filter differential-pressure trans-
ducers or gauges, and oil temperature RTD or indicator.
2. Start pre-lube pump. Record oil pressure, oil filter differential-pressure, and oil temperature. Min-
imum oil pressure is 30 psig (2.1 barg) for effective flushing. Do not exceed 90 psig (6.2 barg).
3. Flush continuously for one hour. Oil filter differential-pressure must not increase more than 10%
of measured oil pressure into the filter. Record the oil pressure, oil filter differential pressure, and
oil temperature every 15 minutes. Oil temperature increases of more than 10°F (5.5°C) during an
hour of flushing invalidate the system cleanliness test, due to oil viscosity change.
4. After one hour of pre-lube flushing, if differential pressure or temperature increases exceed the
limits above, continue flushing. If the lube oil filter differential pressure exceeds change filter lim-
its, stop the pre-lube pump and change the oil filter. To ensure system cleanliness, re-set time
and continue flushing until the compressor achieves one continuous hour of flushing within differ-
ential pressure and temperature increase limits.
For all compressors with oil piping TABLE 3-2 Oil Flushing Cleanliness Requirements
systems greater than 50 feet (15 m),
cleaning and flushing must result in a ISO-4406 Grade 13/10/9
cleanliness level to ISO-4406, Grade 13/ Grade Particle Size Number Particles
10/9 and/or NAS-1638, Class 5 (see Requirements µm/mL Oil Sample Allowed
Table 3-2), prior to start-up. /13 Greater than 4 40 to 80
See ISO-4406 "International Standard - /10 Greater than 6 5 to 10
Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method for /9 Greater than 14 2.5 to 5
coding level of contamination by solid NAS-1638 Grade 5
particles" and/or NAS-1638 "National Particle Size Range Grade 5
Aerospace Standard, Aerospace µm/100mL Oil Sample Maximum Number Particles
Industries Association of America, Inc. - 5 to 15 8,000
Cleanliness Requirements for Parts Used
15 to 25 1,424
in Hydraulic Systems" for complete
information. Use a competent oil lab for 25 to 50 253
sample testing. 50 to 100 45
Over 100 8
Force Feed Lubrication System Components

In the force feed lubrication system, oil flows to the force feed lubricator pump inlet(s) from the frame
lubrication system, or from an overhead tank. Next in the discharge lines are blow-out (rupture)
PAGE 3-14 3/11

disks. Any system blockage builds pressure and ruptures the disks, venting the system through the
blow-out disk to close the no-flow shutdown switch.
Oil then travels to the distribution blocks, which exactly apportion it to cylinders and packings.
Pistons in the distribution block intermediate sections move back and forth in a continuous cycle,
forcing lubricant successively through several outlets as long as pressurized lubricant feeds from the
inlet. A check valve at each outlet prevents oil from backing up in the block. A flashing LED on the
Proflo, DFNT, or magnetic indicator attached to the block indicates the block cycle rate.
From the distribution blocks, oil travels to cylinders and packings. The system provides 1 inch (25
mm) per minute of head at guide and cylinder inlets to help ensure long check valve life.
Some packing oil travels to cylinders, but the bulk of it drains out through the pressure vent/drain
fitting and the atmospheric drain, both on the bottom of the crosshead guide.
An oil level control valve, supplied by the packager and mounted on the skid, maintains proper level
in the crankcase sump to replace oil used in cylinder lubrication.
Force Feed Lubricator

The force feed lubrication 9
system oils the compressor 1. Inlet Header
cylinders and piston rod 1 2. Priming Stem
packings. Oil flows to the 150 10
3. Pump Plunger Stroke
micron sintered bronze filter Adjustment Screw
on the suction side of the force 2 4. Lock Nut
feed lubricator pump directly 5. Lubricator Oil Fill
from the pressure side of the 3 11 Connection
frame lubrication system, or 6. Sight Glass
from an overhead tank. 7. Mounting Flange
4 12 Capscrews (4)
Filtered oil flows to a header
8. Drain Plug
and to pumps on the force
9. Pump Inlet from
feed lubricator. 5 Header
A self-contained oil reservoir 10. Priming Pump
Connection
oils the force feed lubricator
11. Pump Outlet to
worm gear and cam. The force 6 13 14 Distribution Block
feed lubricator sight glass 12. Rupture Disc Assembly
shows the reservoir oil level. 13. O-Ring - oil before
Use the 1/4-inch tube fitting 15 assembly
7
connections in the discharge 14. Sprocket
lines near the force feed 15. No. 204 Woodruff Key
lubricator pumps to prime the 16 16. Set Screw
force feed lubrication system. 17. Sprocket Face-to-Face
8 17 Thickness
Force Feed Lubricator FIGURE 3-5 Force Feed Lubricator - Typical
Adjustment
Verify the force feed lubricator is set at the break-in rate shown on the force feed lubricator data plate
(see Fig. i-1). A flashing LED on the Proflo or no-flow switch connected to the distributor block
indicates block cycle rate. To adjust, loosen locknut and turn the feed regulator (pump plunger stroke
adjustment screw) until the indicator strokes at the proper rate, then tighten locknut. For new units,
run at the break-in rate for 200 hours, then reduce the lubricator adjustment to the normal operating
rate shown on the force feed lubricator data plate.
NOTE: Install a blow-out fitting with a properly rated rupture disk between the force feed lubri-
cator pump and the no-flow shutdown. The disk color should show at the fitting blow-out
hole. The no-flow shutdown must actuate within 3 to 5 minutes after oil flow interruption.
3/11 PAGE 3-15

Blow-Out Fittings, Rupture Disks, and Tubing

Use a rupture disk that matches the Fitting Rupture Disk Cap 1/4 in. (6 mm) 1/8 in. (3 mm)
blow-out fitting type and application Dia. Hole Dia. Hole
pressure. Generally, use a rupture
disk rated about 1000 psig (70 barg)
greater than the highest MAWP
cylinder. See Table A-3 in Appendix Lincoln Fitting Lubriquip Fitting
A or ER-63 for blow-out fitting cap
torque. Do not over tighten cap or FIGURE 3-6 Blow-Out Fitting Assemblies
blow-out pressure may decrease.
TABLE 3-3 Blow-Out Fittings, Replacement Rupture Disks & Tubing
BLOW-OUT FITTING REPLACEMENT RUPTURE DISK STANDARD TUBING - 304 SS
ARIEL RATING SIZE RATING ARIEL

TYPE ARIEL P/N COLOR
P/N psig (barg) in. (mm) psig (barg) P/N
Lincoln A-0080 3250 (224) A-0124 Purple

1/4 x 0.035
Lubriquip A-3531 3700 (255) A-3536 Yellow wall 5100 (352) PT0200CB
(6.4 x 0.9)
Lubriquip A-3532 4600 (317) A-3537 Red
Lubriquip A-3533 5500 (379) A-3538 Orange
1/4 x 0.065
Lubriquip A-3534 6400 (441) A-3539 Pink1 wall 10,200 (703) PT0201CD
(6.4 x 1.7)
Lubriquip A-3535 7300 (503) A-3540 Blue
1. Color code changed to pink (3/20/05) was uncoated aluminum.
Distribution Blocks
Distribution blocks consist of three to seven divider valves and an optional bypass block fastened to
a segmented baseplate. Viton O-rings (90 Durometer) seal between the divider valves and baseplate
and between baseplate segments. Check valves are installed at all lube port outlets.
Divider valves contain metering pistons that discharge a predetermined amount of oil with each cycle
in a single line, progressive lubrication system. Single or twin valves may be externally singled or
cross-ported. Plug unused outlets when singling or cross-porting.
Use a bypass block in any position on the baseplate. A bypass block allows addition or deletion of
lubrication points without disturbing existing tubing. Plug both outlets under a bypass block.
The baseplate contains the divider valve inlet and outlet connections, interrelated passageways, and
built-in check valves. All lubricant piping to and from the distribution block connects to the baseplate.
The baseplate consists of one inlet block, three to eight intermediate blocks, one end block, and
three tie rods. The number of baseplate intermediate blocks determines the number of divider valves
allowed. Each distribution block requires a minimum of three divider valves.
PAGE 3-16 3/11

Distribution Block Assembly Inlet Inlet Block

NOTE: See specific frame Parts
Book for available divider valve Crossport
assembly drawings, parts lists, O-Rings
Piston Plate
and repair kits.
1. Thread three tie rods into inlet Check Valve
block until the ends flush with the
top surface of the block.
2. Slide Intermediate blocks onto tie
rods. Verify all o-rings are Intermediate
Blocks
installed and discharge ports are
off center toward the inlet block.
3. Slide end block onto tie rods. Discharge
Port (Outlet)
4. Lay baseplate assembly on a flat Correct port
surface. Use the torquing proce- position is
dure in Appendix A to tighten the off-center
toward Inlet
tie rod nuts to the torque value in Block.
Table A-3.
Valve Divider End Block
5. Mount the divider valves with Screw Valve
o-rings onto the baseplate. Use Tie Rod Nut
Tie Rod
the torquing recommdations in
Appendix A to tighten valve
screws to the torque listed in FIGURE 3-7 Distribution Block - Typical
Table A-3.
Divider Valve Bypass Pressure Test

Lubricant can leak (by-pass) from a divider valve when the divider valve piston becomes worn.
Pressure test or replace all divider valves every twelve months. Testing verifies the piston fits tightly
enough in the divider valve bore for adequate pressure to force oil into the injection point. The
supplier pressure tests all new Ariel divider valves.
To test distribution blocks for valve by-passing requires a manual purge gun with a pressure gauge
capable of developing 5000 psig (350 barg). Ariel offers an optional force feed lubrication hand purge
gun with a pressure gauge (see Tools section in technical manual). Pressure test each divider valve
one at a time, complete with pin indicators installed.
Divider Block All Outlets Open Testing “T” Divider Valve Testing “S” Divider Valve
Purge
Gun
“S” Divider
Valve - one
side plugged One side plugged Both sides
with 1/8” with tubing plug to plugged to
NPT pipe Divider Section test one side of a test an “S”
plug Block Inlet Fasteners “T” valve - all other valve - all
outlets open other outlets
open
24T 24T 24T
Base outlets
12S
open - oil 12S 12S
12T flows freely 12T 12T
FIGURE 3-8 Pressure Testing Divider Valves
3/11 PAGE 3-17

1. For new divider valves, verify working piston section fastener torque is 75 lb-in. Loosen the sec-
tion fasteners, then step-torque them first to 40 lb-in, and then to 75 lb-in. Used divider valves
can be tested “as is”, with approximate section fastener torque verified after testing.
6. Place the distribution block in an open container with all base outlets open. Connect purge gun
filled with room temperature (65°F) 10 wt. (ISO 32) mineral oil to the divider block inlet. Pump the
purge gun to purge air from the divider block assembly. Verify that oil flows freely from all outlets
(see Fig. 3-8 “Divider Block All Outlets Open”).
Testing with 10 wt. mineral oil at 65°F simulates divider block operation at 120°F with 40 wt. (ISO
150) mineral oil. If 10 wt. mineral oil is unavailable, use 40 wt. (ISO 150); however, the pressure
test will be less sensitive in detecting a bypassing divider valve.
7. The divider block assembly should cycle at less than 300 psi while purging at a steady rate.
Cycle pressures above 300 psi indicate inhibited piston movement, possibly caused by the piston
rubbing the bore, oil contamination, part geometry, or bore distortion due to over-tightening the
section fastners.
8. For divider valves stamped with a “T” (for “twin”), use a 1/8 inch pipe or tubing plug to plug only
one base outlet when testing that side of the piston, and leave all other outlets open. Plug and
test each base outlet of divider valves stamped with a “T” one side at a time. See Fig. 3-8 “Test-
ing ‘T’ Divider Valve”. Individual testing of each outlet ensures both sides of the piston build ade-
quate pressure. For all divider valves stamped with an “S” on the front (for “single”), leave the one
side plugged and plug the other outlet as well to test both sides of the piston for by-passing
simultaneously. See Fig. 3-8 “Testing ‘S’ Divider Valve”.
9. Pump the purge gun until the pressure gauge indicates 3000 psi. Hold this pressure for 5 sec-
onds, then increase it to 3500 psi. Stop pumping at 3500 psi.
10. Start timer and monitor the pressure drop from 3500 psi for 30 seconds. Check discharge out-
let(s) plug(s) to confirm no external leaks. If the valve bypasses rapidly, repeat the test to ensure
the bypass wasn’t due to trapped air. New valves should not exceed a 400 psi pressure drop in
30 seconds. Used valves should not exceed 1000 psi pressure drop in 30 seconds. If pressure
drops exceed these limits, the divider valve fails the test.
11. Repeat Steps 4 thru 6 for the remaining outlets on the divider block assembly.
NOTE: Test distribution blocks at higher pressures if the application dictates higher system
operating pressure.
If a divider valve fails, replace it. Discard worn divider valves. If the tested valve passes the test,
relieve the pressure, move the plug to the next outlet, and repeat the test for all divider valves. When
all divider valves either pass this pressure test or are replaced, reassemble the distribution block,
purge it with the proper force feed lubricant, and put it into service.
This distribution block pressure test procedure is not infallible. Ariel recommends periodic tests for
proper cylinder bore lubrication rates and/or aftermarket devices that measure flow.
Balance Valves
Install balance valves on low-pressure lube lines to artificially increase lube line pressure and reduce
differential pressure between lube points downstream of a divider block. Important considerations:
• Set and maintain balance valves downstream of a divider block within 500 psi (3400kPa) of each
other or less. The closer the balance valve set pressures, the more reliable the system.
• Avoid situations in which the balance valve set pressure is the greatest contributor of pressure to
the divider block immediately upstream.
• With a balanced divider block, the upstream divider block pressure gauge should exhibit no erratic
needle movement as the divider block cycles.
PAGE 3-18 3/11

To maintain the force feed lube system, record the maximum injection pressure indicated at each
divider block gauge, balance valve set pressures, and divider block cycle time at least once a day for
each zone in the system. See Appendix E.
Do not adjust balance valves prior to operating the unit. Verify the tightness of all fittings and fix any
known leaks. To remove any trapped air or gas in the force feed lube system, use a high-pressure
hand purge pump and the same oil recommended for the cylinder application to purge it. DO NOT
USE ANY OTHER FLUIDS FOR PURGING! Call the Ariel Reponse Center for details about
purchasing a hand purge pump. To prepare for balance valve adjustment:
1. Start the compressor and bring the cylinders up to normal operating pressure.
2. Allow operating pressures to stabilize.
3. See the cylinder lube sheets for balance valve locations and proper spring type for each device.
Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block

1. Select one divider block that feeds one or more
balance valves nearest the compressor cylinder/ 3 5
packing. 1
4 6
2. For each balance valve downstream of the
selected divider block, loosen the balance valve
lock nut and rotate the adjustment cap counter-
clockwise until the cap is loose. Some residual 2
pressure may remain on the balance valve
gauge.
3. Monitor the selected divider block gauge for one
minute and record the minimum and maximum 1. Balance Valve 4. Lock Nut
pressures in Appendix E. 2. Balance Valve 5. Divider Block
Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge
4. Calculate the balance valve set pressure by mul- 3. Adjustment Cap 6. Divider Block
tiplying the maximum recorded pressure by 0.85
FIGURE 3-9 Balance Valves Fed
5. Set balance valve(s) downstream of the selected by Divider Block
divider block to the pressure calculated in step 4
by rotating the adjustment cap clockwise to increase pressure. Set pressure within ±50 psi of the
calculated value.
6. Monitor the divider block gauge for one minute and record the minimum and maximum pressures
in Appendix E. The difference between the minimum and maximum should not exceed 1200
psig. If it does, repeat steps 2 through 6.
7. Tighten the balance valve lock nut. DO NOT lockwire the adjustment cap.
8. Repeat steps 2 through 7 for any remaining divider block that feeds one or more balance valves
nearest the compressor cylinder/packing.
9. After setting all balance valves in the force feed system, operate the system for 4 to 6 hours, then
repeat step 6 for each divider block.
3/11 PAGE 3-19

Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by Primary/Secondary Divider Blocks

NOTE: Set secondary balance valves
before setting primary balance valves. 3 5
If the system contains no secondary 1
balance valves downstream of a sec- 4 6
ondary divider block, proceed to step 4.
1. Select one secondary divider block
that feeds one or more secondary bal- 2
ance valves nearest the compressor
cylinder/packing.
2. For the selected secondary divider
block and secondary balance valves,
perform steps 2 through 7 in "Adjust-
ment of Balance Valves Fed by a 7 9
Divider Block" above.
8 10
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for any remain-
ing secondary divider blocks that feed
one or more secondary balance valves
nearest the compressor cylinder/pack-
ing.
4. Select one primary divider block that
feeds one or more primary balance 1. Primary Balance 5. Primary Divider 8. Secondary
valves located prior to a secondary Valve Block Pressure Divider Block
2. Primary Balance Gauge 9. Secondary
divider block or lube point. Valve Pressure 6. Primary Divider Balance Valve
5. For the selected primary divider block Gauge Block 10. Secondary
and balance valves, perform steps 2 3. Adjustment Cap 7. Secondary Balance Valve
4. Lock Nut Divider Block Pressure Gauge
through 7 in "Adjustment of Balance Pressure Gauge
Valves Fed by a Divider Block" above.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for any remain- FIGURE 3-10 Primary/Secondary Divider Block System
ing primary divider block that feeds
one or more balance valves located prior to a secondary divider block or lube point.
7. After setting all balance valves in the force feed system, operate the system for 4 to 6 hours, then
repeat steps 3 through 7 in "Adjustment of Balance Valves Fed by a Divider Block" above for
each primary or secondary divider block.
Subsequent Compressor Start-Up

1. Verify tightness of all fittings and fix any known leaks. Purge force feed lube system.
2. If the force feed lube system has been disassembled or parts replaced since the last startup,
purge the force feed lube system with a high-pressure hand purge pump. When purging the sys-
tem, use the same oil that is recommended for the cylinder application, to remove any trapped air
or gas in the system. DO NOT USE ANY OTHER FLUIDS FOR PURGING! Call the Ariel
Reponse Center for details about purchasing a hand purge pump.
3. Start the compressor and bring up to normal operating pressure.
4. Operate the unit for 2 to 3 hours to allow the operating pressures to stabilize. DO NOT adjust the
balancing valves immediately after startup. It is possible that some lube point injection pressures
will fluctuate after a short period of run time and the system pressures will stabilize as compo-
nents increase in temperature.
5. See the cylinder lube sheets for balance valve locations and proper spring type for each device.
6. Select one divider block that feeds one or more balance valves.
PAGE 3-20 3/11

7. Monitor the selected divider block gauge for one minute and record the minimum and maximum
pressures in Appendix E.
8. See "Balance Valves" if any of the conditions below occur:
a. The difference between the maximum and minimum recorded divider block pressures
exceeds 1200 psig.
b. The maximum recorded balance valve pressure exceeds 85% of the maximum recorded
divider block pressure.
c. The divider block gauge exhibits erratic needle movement as the divider block cycles.
DO NOT RUN UNIT WITH LEAKING TABLE 3-4 Ariel Balance Valve Part Numbers
BALANCE VALVES. Ariel offers a balance
valve seal repair kit - Part No. A-8005-K. Description ARIEL Part Number
Balance Valve without Spring CA-8005
To maintain the force feed lube system,
record maximum injection pressure indicated Balance Valve Springs See ER-57
at the divider block gauge, balance valve set Balance Valve Seal Repair Kit A-8005-K
pressure, and divider block cycle time at Balance Valve Plug A-10330
least once a day for each zone in the lube Pressure Gauges See ER-57
system.
Oil Head at Lube Points

The force feed system provides a minimum 1-inch (25 mm) of oil head at
lube points to extend check valve life. Where 1-inch (25 mm) of head is not To Check
inherent, an oil trap fitting is provided (see Fig. 3-11). Valve
Gas Inlet Debris Screens

To Lube
Cone type inlet gas debris strainers with 100 mesh per inch (150 micron) Point
screen and perforated metallic backing are installed between the inlet
scrubber and cylinder suction flange. They catch dirt and foreign matter in
the gas which prevent proper lubrication. Monitor inlet debris strainers by FIGURE 3-11 Oil Head
Trap Fittings
differential pressure and clean them before differential pressure
approaches screen collapse pressure. Ariel recommends high differential
pressure alarm/shutdown switches to protect against screen collapse.
Injection Oil Inlet Filter

An in-line oil filter or fine screen is required between the oil supply or supply tank and the force feed
lubricator pumps. Ariel recommended filtration is 5 micron nominal. The compressor filtration system
is adequate for systems that use frame lube oil for the force-feed cylinder and packing injection. For
separate force-feed lube oil supplies, a filter must be installed by the packager.
Force Feed System Design & Operating Parameters

To optimize force-feed lubrication system operation, Ariel uses these general guidelines:
1. Maintain lube ratios within prescribed limits and cycle times as low as possible (normally 10 sec
minimum) to lubricate each point as frequently as possible.
2. Multiple pumps with manifolding ensure 150% of the normal lubrication rate during break-in.
3. Do not operate pumps below 20% of full stroke else pump output becomes unreliable. Full stroke
is .438 inch; 20% of full stroke is .088 inch.
4. In some applications, a single divider section delivers lubrication to both a packing and a cylinder
3/11 PAGE 3-21

to optimize lubrication system operation. In some applications, cross-ported divider valves deliver
the proper proportion of lubricant to a given point.
5. During operation, verify oil fills the lubricator reservoir TABLE 3-5 Force Feed Lubricator
sight glass at least half way, but does not exceed two- Reservoir Oil Capacity
thirds. See specific packager data to determine normal
operating conditions, cylinder working pressures, and Lubricator Type US Gallons
rated speed. Reservoir oil lubricates the worm gear and Ariel Designs (Liters)
cam; it does not flow through the system. The reservoir Single Pump 0.25 (1)
also catches lube pump overflow. Add oil only if needed Dual Pump 0.5 (1.75)
to raise reservoir oil level. See Table 3-5.
Four Pump 0.8 (3)
6. Ariel fills the force feed system with mineral oil. If tubing
is missing, or if the system is drained, fill and prime the system through a 1/8 inch plug on the dis-
charge end of the lubricator pump.
7. Prime the force feed lubrication system with a proper priming pump just prior to starting the com-
pressor (see Fig. 1-2 for pump illustration). Use clean force feed lubricating oil of same type and
grade as used in service. Do not use any other fluid type or grade to prime.
8. For recently overhauled units, adjust lubricator for maximum delivery. Loosen adjusting screw
locknut. Turn plunger stroke adjustment screw to the full up position. Tighten adjusting screw
locknut. Set proper feed rate after the machine starts.
9. When two or more pumps are manifolded to feed one distribution block, adjust them equally.
Start with pumps wide open, and adjust them together so that when break-in cycle time is set, the
pumps stroke about the same. After break-in period, adjust the pumps in the same manner, pro-
vided that the final pump stroke is not too short. Try to keep the stroke greater than 20% of maxi-
mum; a shorter stroke produces unreliable pump output. If needed, close one pump to stop its
flow and open the other(s) to make the “normal” cycle time, and maintain a stroke greater than
20% in the functioning pump(s).
PAGE 3-22 3/11

Common Oil Supply

Fig. 3-12 shows the force feed lube system installation when compressor frame lube oil is also used
for cylinder and packing lubrication.
1. Compressor Frame Oil 6
Gallery
2. Single Ball Check Valve 7
8
3. Sintered Bronze Filter 2
4. Force Feed Lubricator
Pump
5. Rupture Disk To other Cylinders
and Packings 3
6. Pressure Gauge
7. Divider Valves 4
Distribution Block
8. Fluid Flow Monitor
No-Flow Timer
Shutdown Switch 5
10
9. Double Ball Check Valve 11
10. Packing Injection Point
11. Top Cylinder Injection
Point
12. Bottom Cylinder Injection 9
Point
9 Drain to
Crankcase
FIGURE 3-12 Force Feed

Lubrication System:
Common Oil Supply 12 2 1
3/11 PAGE 3-23

Independent Oil Supply

When given gas and pressure
conditions prevent adequate 1. Oil Supply Tank
frame lube oil to cylinders and 2. Oil Filter
packings, a separate force 3. System Inlet 1/4-inch NPT 1
(Female) Customer Connection
feed lube oil supply is
4. Sintered Bronze Filter
required. An elevated tank
5. Force Feed Lubricator Pump 2
supplies pressurized oil to the
6. Rupture Disk
lubricator. To prevent NOTE: System
7. Pressure Gauge
compressor frame oil must provide
8. Divider Valves/Distribution Block
contamination by force feed positive pres-
9. Fluid Flow Monitor No-Flow sure to force feed
oil, the force feed lubricator Timer Shutdown Switch lubricator pump.
overflow drains away from the
compressor frame and into an
appropriate drain system. 3
Independent force feed lube

systems normally require oil 7 9 4 5
with a viscosity below 5000
SUS (1100 cSt) at the
lubricator pump inlet. Possible 8
measures to ensure a force 6
feed pump filled with oil during
the suction stroke: change
pipe and fitting size from tank
to force feed pump, heat the
oil, and pressurize the supply
tank. A recommended 5 To appropriate drain 1/4-inch NPT
micron nominal in-line oil filter FIGURE 3-13 Force Feed Lubrication (female) customer connection.
or fine screen filters oil System: Independent Oil Supply Do not drain to crankcase.
between the supply tank and
force feed lubricator pumps.
Force Feed Lubrication Conditions

Cylinder Lubrication Paper Test
CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify driver or compressor cylinder gas pressure
cannot turn compressor crankshaft during maintenance: on engine-driven compressors,
either remove the center coupling or lock the flywheel; on electric motor-driven compres-
sors, either detach the driver from the compressor or lock out the driver switch gear.
CAUTION: Before any maintenance or component removal, relieve all pressure from
compressor cylinders. See Packager’s instructions to completely vent the system. After
maintenance, purge the entire system with gas prior to operation to avoid a potentially
explosive air/gas mixture.
1. Remove head end head and position piston for the desired cylinder at inner dead center.
2. Using light pressure, wipe the cylinder bore with two layers of regular unwaxed cigarette paper
together. Begin at the top and wipe downward about 20° along the bore circumference. The
paper against the bore surface should be stained (wetted with oil), but the second paper should
not be soaked through.
3. Repeat the test at both sides of the bore at about 90° from the top, using two clean papers for
PAGE 3-24 3/11
each side. Paper against the bore surface not stained through may indicate under-lubrication;
both papers stained through may indicate over-lubrication. In either case, Ariel normally recom-
mends changing lubrication rate accordingly and repeating all paper tests until passed.
4. Repeat this procedure for all cylinders. If the test indicates a lubrication rate reduction or increase
for a cylinder, change in 5% increments by adjusting cycle time at the force feed lube pump (see
“Force Feed Lubricator Adjustment” on page 3-15). Repeat oil film testing, for affected cylinders,
after 24 hours of operation.
NOTE: The paper test indicates only oil film quantity. Aftermarket devices exist that measure
flow. Neither method indicates viscosity quality. Oils diluted with water, hydrocarbons, or
other constituents may ostensibly produce an adequate film or flow, but dilution may reduce
load-carrying capability below requirements.
Under/Over Lube
Under lubrication causes extremely rapid breakdown of piston and packing ring materials. Black,
gummy deposits in the distance piece, packing case, cylinder, and valves indicate under lubrication.
When symptoms indicate under lubrication:
• Verify proper operation of force feed lubricator pumps.
• Confirm distribution block cycle time matches the lube sheet or force feed lubricator data plate.
• Verify all tubing and fitting tightness; check for leakage. Check fittings inside cylinder gas pas-
sages.
• Pressure test or replace divider valves to ensure they do not bypass.
Over lubrication can result in excessive oil carryover into the gas stream, and increased valve and
gas passage deposits. Valve plate breakage and packing failure may also indicate over-lubrication.
Lubricator Cycle Time

Lubricant flow rates (measured in seconds per cycle) are generally so low that all required flow to a
lube point may consist of a drip at a loosened supply fitting. Ariel calculates break-in and normal lube
rates (cycle times) stamped on the force feed lubricator data plate to match gas and operating
conditions supplied with the compressor order. The lube sheets in the Ariel Parts Book state gas
conditions and list the base rate multiplier at each lube point. If gas conditions were not supplied with
the compressor order, the data plate/lube sheet rates apply to clean, dry, 0.65 specific gravity, sweet
gas at frame rated speed and discharge pressures.
Changes in operating conditions (such as gas properties or pressures, temperatures, flow
requirements, or cylinder re-configuration) require lubrication rate re-calculation and possibly force
feed lubrication system alteration. Consult your Packager and/or Ariel.
To set proper force feed lubricator pump flow rate, read the cycle time on the Proflo electronic
lubricator fluid-flow monitor/no-flow timer switch located at the distribution block or in the control
panel. For a digital no-flow timer switch (DNFT), time the cycle from flash to flash; for a magnetic
cycle indicator assembly, time the cycle from initial indicator pin movement at the fully retracted
position to the time when the pin returns to the fully retracted position and just begins initial
movement out again. Adjust the lubricator pump to provide the required cycle time.
NOTE: Do not set the force feed lubrication pump stroke too low. Pump output can become
inconsistent when set too low.
Break-in Rate
Set the break-in cycle time about half the normal cycle time (67% max.) to increase lube rate.
Maintain this break-in rate for 200 hours of operation for new equipment, or when replacing packing
and/or piston rings. Contact Ariel if existing pump is incapable of minimum flow rate required.
3/11 PAGE 3-25

Packing Coolant System Requirements

Coolant flow = number of packing
P1 P1
cases x 1 US gallon per minute,
F1
minimum for each inch of piston rod Packing Packing
diameter (No. cases x 0.149 L/min Case Case
for each mm of piston rod diameter). F1
Based on using a treated 50/50% P1 P1
water/glycol solution. T1
Throttling/ Coolant
Example: JGJ/2 with 1.5 inches (38.1 Isolation Circulating
Valves Pump
mm) diameter piston rod.
2 x 1 x 1.5 = 3 gallons/minute
(2 x 0.149 x 38.1 = 11.3 L/minute).
Cooler size = number of cases x 70 P1 = Pressure Indicator
BTU/minute/inch of rod diameter (No. T1 = Temperature Indicator
cases x 0.05 kW/mm of rod Cooler F1 = Flow Indicator
diameter). The pressure drop across FIGURE 3-14 Packing Cooling System - Typical
the system must be greater than 30
psi (2.1 bar). Coolant into the packing must not exceed 130°F maximum (54°C max.). Lower coolant
temperature increases heat transfer to the coolant and is better in high pressure applications.
PAGE 3-26 3/11

Section 4 Part Replacement

Major frame assembly components include the crankcase, crankshaft and bearings, connecting
rods, chain drive system, crossheads and guides, and distance pieces. Removable end covers, an
aluminum top cover, and crosshead guide side covers provide easy access to internal components.
Part replacement requires absolute cleanliness; use lint-free wiping cloths. When not working on a
frame with access covers removed, cover it to protect the interior from dust. Protect removed compo-
nents from corrosion and falling objects that might damage running surfaces.
When dismantling the machine, carefully inspect gaskets at non-pressure locations. If damaged,
replace them. Replace gaskets at pressure locations. Always apply an anti-seize lubricant to both
sides of gaskets to ease future removal. For major overhauls, drain and flush the crankcase.
If replacing a connecting rod assembly, piston, piston and rod assembly, crosshead-balance nuts, or
crosshead, weigh component parts and compare to the Compressor Balancing Record that comes in
the parts manual with each compressor. If there are weight changes, recalculate opposing throw
reciprocating weight differential. See Appendix C.
CAUTION: Gas compressors are complicated and dangerous pieces of equipment. Only
fully trained operators and mechanics familiar with unit operation should attempt any
maintenance. Carefully read and understand your manual and always wear the appropri-
ate personal protection equipment during maintenance.
CAUTION: To prevent serious personal injury or death, verify driver or compressor cylin-
der gas pressure cannot turn compressor crankshaft during maintenance. For engine-
driven compressors, either remove the center coupling or lock the flywheel; for electric
motor-driven compressors, either detach the driver from the compressor or lock out the
driver switch gear. Before any maintenance or component removal, relieve all pressure
from compressor cylinders. See packager information to completely vent the system or
call the packager for assistance. After maintenance, purge the entire system with gas
prior to operation to avoid a potentially explosive air/gas mixture.
Positioning a Throw
Component replacement often requires manually turning the crankshaft to position a throw in one of
two positions: inner dead center or outer dead center. During normal operation, crossheads slide
back and forth in the crosshead guides. In the inner dead center position, the crossheads slide
toward the crankcase as far as possible. In the outer dead center position, the crossheads slide
away from the crankcase as far as possible (see Fig. 4-1). Some procedures require a dial indicator
with magnetic base to locate the precise inner or outer dead center. At other times, a procedure may
require turning the crankshaft so a throw occupies its highest or lowest position. In Fig. 4-1, the throw
on the left is in its highest position and the throw on the right is in its lowest position.
Inner Dead Center Position Outer Dead Center Position Highest/Lowest Throw Position
FIGURE 4-1 Throw Positioning
3/11 PAGE 4-1

Section 4 Part Replacement For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Variable Volume Clearance Pocket (VVCP)

A VVCP changes the clearance volume of the head end of a cylinder. The amount of clearance
depends on the position of the clearance pocket piston. Users turn the piston/stem assembly
counterclockwise to increase clearance, and clockwise to decrease it. Sometimes gas begins to leak
from the VVCP, usually detected by a device connected to the VVCP packing vent. This leakage
indicates a need to replace the V-packing or seal within the VVCP.
VVCP Removal
CAUTION: Completely vent the cylinder before VVCP removal. Attempting to remove the
VVCP without venting results in possible equipment damage, personal injury, or death.
1. After venting the cylinder, loosen the locking 1 2 3 4 5 1. Cylinder

handle so the adjustment handle can turn 2. Eyebolt
freely. Try to turn the adjustment handle. 3. Packing Vent
4. Locking Handle
CAUTION: A hard to turn adjustment 5. Adjustment
handle indicates pressurized gas Handle
trapped within the VVCP. See VVCP 6 6. Flange bolts
Disassembly caution below. 7. Bellows Thread
Protector
2. Tighten the locking handle.

7
3. Disconnect the packing vent.
4. Remove plastic plug from eyebolt hole and FIGURE 4-2 Typical VVCP
thread an eyebolt into the eyebolt hole.
5. Slide a crane hook through the eyebolt and remove slack from the crane chain.
6. Remove all flange bolts and slide the VVCP out from the cylinder. The Ariel Performance Pro-
gram contains approximate VVCP weights.
7. Discard the head gasket and transport the VVCP to a suitable work area for disassembly
VVCP Disassembly
The VVCP piston ring is not gas-tight to allow a nearly balanced gas pressure, which eases VVCP
adjustment with the cylinder pressurized. Gas pressure behind the VVCP piston normally vents
when the cylinder vents. However, process debris or rust around the piston ring can form a seal that
traps gas within the VVCP assembly, sometimes at substantial pressure.
CAUTION: Trapped gas pressure can present a personal safety hazard when servicing the
VVCP. Work in a well-ventilated, non-sparking area, particularly with sour gas applications.
Do not breathe gas emission from VVCP when venting trapped gas.
PAGE 4-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 4 Part Replacement
1. Place the VVCP on a 1 NOTES:

table, adapter up. 2 • Some adapters use a bolted retaining plate (15)
and others use a snap ring (16) and spring
2. The bellows thread 3 retainer (17).
protector grips a lip on 4 • The O-ring (14) fits into a groove machined into
the adjustment han- 5 either the head (11) face or adapter (7) base.
dle. Use pliers to pull
the bellows from the 6
adjustment handle lip.
Do not tear the bel- 7
See 15
lows. Notes
16
3. Remove locknut. 9
8 17
4. Remove adjustment
handle. The adjust- 18
12
ment handle is a 9
19
tapered fit onto the pis-
ton stem; use a slug- 13 20
ging hammer or puller 8
to break the fit. 14
5. Thread the locking

handle off of the piston 10
stem. Leave the bel- 11
lows thread protector
attached to the locking 1. Locknut 7. Adapter 14. O-ring
handle. 2. Adjustment Handle 8. Match Mark 15. Retaining Plate
3. Adjustment Handle Lip 9. Piston Stem 16. Snap Ring
6. Depending on size, a 4. Bellows Thread 10. Socket Head Bolt 17. Spring Retainer
VVCP may have two to Protector 11. Head 18. Compression Spring
four socket head bolts. 5. Locking Handle 12. Piston 19. Backup Ring
Use a marker to draw 6. Grease Fitting 13. Piston Ring 20. V-packing or Seal
match marks on the
side of the VVCP FIGURE 4-3 VVCP Disassembly/Assembly
where the adapter and
head join at each socket head bolt location. Loosen the socket head bolts evenly and incremen-
tally to release any potentially high-pressure gas. Do not breathe gas emission from VVCP.
7. Remove socket head bolts and turn the adapter counterclockwise to thread it off of the piston
stem. Place adapter base up next to the head.
8. Remove the piston stem and piston assembly from the head. The piston stem and piston are per-
manently joined; do not attempt to disassemble them.
9. Remove the piston ring from the piston.
10. Depending on VVCP size, Ariel machines a groove for the O-ring into either the face of the head
or the base of the adapter. Remove and discard the O-ring.
11. Some adapters use a bolted retaining plate while others use a snap ring and spring retainer:
a. Retaining Plate - Remove retaining plate bolts and retaining plate.
3/11 PAGE 4-3

b. Snap Ring and Spring Retainer 1 2 3 4 5

• Thread a nut onto a threaded rod that is a
few inches longer than the height of the
adapter.
• Slide a washer wider than the main bore of
6 1. Washer
the adapter down to the nut.
2. Snap Ring
• Insert the threaded rod end with no nut into 7
3. Threaded Rod
the main bore of the adapter until it pro- 8 4. Nut
trudes from the base of the adapter. 9 5. Backup Ring
• Slide a washer wide enough to overlap the 6. Spring
spring retainer but less wide than the snap Retainer
ring onto the threaded rod protruding from 7. Compression
Spring
the base. 8. V-packing or
• Thread a nut onto the threaded rod pro- 1 3 4 Seal
truding from the base. Tighten the nut until
FIGURE 4-4 Spring Compression
the compression spring compresses for Snap Ring Removal
enough to separate the spring retainer
from the snap ring.
• Use snap ring pliers to remove snap ring.
• Remove the nut from the threaded rod, then remove the threaded rod and washers from the
main bore of the adapter.
12. Remove spring retainer, compression spring, and backup ring from the adapter counterbore.
13. Remove V-packing or seal from adapter counterbore. Find a strong, foot-long metal 3/16” rod or
pipe and bend about .75” at 90°. Insert the rod into the adapter counterbore and slide the .75”
beneath the V-packing or seal. Pull up on the rod or pipe to pull the V-packing or seal from the
adapter counterbore.
VVCP Reassembly
Clean all VVCP parts of all debris, rust, etc. Replace parts if excessively worn or damaged. Replace
V-packing or seal if excessive gas leakage occurs at the packing vent. See Fig. 4-3 and Fig. 4-4.
1. With face up, place the head on a table. With base facing up, place the adapter beside the head.
2. Depending on VVCP size, Ariel machines a groove for the O-ring into either the face of the head
or the base of adapter. Oil and insert a new O-ring into O-ring groove.
3. Install the piston ring onto the piston.
4. Oil the head cavity walls, then insert piston stem and piston assembly into the head cavity.
5. Oil the adapter counterbore walls and insert V-packing or seal. The V-packing or seal consists of
five partitions; insert V-packing or seal into the counterbore with the thickest partition down and
the thinnest partition up. Use a solid cylinder of wood or metal as a ram and tap the V-packing or
seal two or three times into the counterbore to ensure proper seating.
6. Insert backup ring into adapter counterbore.
7. Insert compression spring into adapter counterbore.
8. Place spring retainer on top of the compression spring.
9. Some adapters use a bolted retaining plate while others use a snap ring and spring retainer:
a. Retaining Plate - Place the retaining plate on top of the spring retainer and press down to
compress the compression spring. thread retaining plate bolts through the retaining plate and
into the adapter base. Tighten the retaining plate bolts hand tight.
b. Snap Ring and Spring Retainer
PAGE 4-4 3/11

• Compress the compression spring (see Fig. 4-4).

• Use snap ring pliers to install the snap ring above the spring retainer.
• Remove the nut from the threaded rod, then remove the threaded rod and washers from the
main bore of the adapter.
10. Grease piston stem threads and thread adapter clockwise onto piston stem. Thread adapter until
the socket head bolt match marks on its base align with the match marks on the head.
11. Install the socket head bolts. Tighten socket head bolts hand tight.
12. Thread locking handle onto the piston stem with thread protector facing up and lock it.
13. Slide the adjustment handle onto the piston stem and use a slugging hammer to pound it down
evenly onto the tapered fit.
14. Thread the locknut onto the piston stem. While the torque for the locknut is not critical, tighten it
enough to prevent adjustment handle from loosening.
15. Slide thread protector bellows onto the adjustment handle lip and verify that it grips securely.
16. Apply 3-4 pumps of all-purpose petroleum grease with a grease gun at the grease fitting.
VVCP Installation
1. Slide a crane hook through the VVCP eyebolt and 1 2 3 4
move the VVCP to the cylinder.
2. Apply an anti-sieze lubricant to both the new head
gasket and the cylinder seating surface. Stick the new
head gasket to the cylinder seating surface.
3. Slide the VVCP into the cylinder and align the adapter 5
flange bolt holes with the cylinder bolt holes.
4. Lubricate flange bolt threads and seating surfaces
with petroleum type lubricant and install bolting. See 1. Cylinder 3. Eyebolt
Table A-3 in Appendix A for proper torque value and 2. Head 4. Packing Vent
torque procedure. Gasket 5. Flange Bolts
5. Reconnect packing vent. To install a new VVCP, re-set FIGURE 4-5 VVCP Installation
crank end/head end feeler clearances with VVCP
completely closed and check total piston end clearance. See Table B-1 in Appendix B.
VVCP Adjustment
Users may change VVCP clearance volume with the compressor running or stopped. The expected
change in compressor flow and absorbed power depends on compression ratio and properties of the
compressed gas. Consult packager instructions regarding where to set the VVCP. Also see the
VVCP data sheet in the Parts Book. To open VVCP to a desired percentage:
1. Loosen the locking handle so the adjustment handle can turn freely.
2. Find the VVCP dimension plate (see Fig. i-1).
3. Subtract the fully closed dimension from the fully open dimension. The Ariel Performance pro-
gram also lists these dimensions if the VVCP dimension plate is missing.
4. Multiply the step 3 result by the desired percentage expressed as a decimal.
5. Add the step 4 result to the fully closed dimension.
6. Turn the adjustment handle until the measurement from the base of the locking handle, when
locked, to the top of the adjustment handle equals the step 5 result.
7. Tighten the locking handle to prevent the VVCP from changing position.
3/11 PAGE 4-5

Valves
Most valves in cylinders of JGH:E:K:T frames use non-metallic plates. Before servicing any valve,
see the correct valve assembly drawing and parts list and manufacturer literature in the Parts Book.
On the valve assembly drawing, note that valves use different springing for different pressures. The
cylinder cover sheet in the Parts Book lists the valve originally supplied with each cylinder. Different
operating conditions may require different springing.
Base suction valve selection on operating suction pressure and discharge valve selection on operat-
ing discharge pressure. Proper valve spring selection is also based on operating speed (RPM), gas
specific gravity, and gas suction temperature. Contact your packager and/or Ariel for assistance in
valve selection.
CAUTION: Before attempting to remove any valve cap, vent ALL pressure from the com-
pressor cylinder in both the suction and discharge cylinder passages.
Valve Removal
1. Slightly loosen all cap screws on a valve cap; the cap should stay in its original position. If it
pushes outward, STOP! Completely vent the cylinder. See Caution above. See Fig. 4-6.
2. After all the above safety checks and with cap screws still in place but loosened, pry the valve
cap out until the O-ring clears the cylinder to confirm proper cylinder venting. Use a pair of pry
bars or screwdrivers, one on each side of the cap, to pry it out.
3. Remove cap screws and valve cap.
CAUTION: The valve cap, retainer, and/or valve may fall out of bottom valve pockets if
not supported. Support them carefully after removing cap screws to prevent personal
injury.
4. With the retainer still in place, thread a valve tool over the valve center bolt. See Fig. 1-1.
5. It may be necessary to loosen the plastic thumb screws in the valve retainers.
6. For high pressure applications that use a metallic wire gasket seal, the cylinder vents upon loos-
ening the cap screws. Use the valve removal tool shown in Fig. 1-1 to unseat the metallic wire
gasket.
7. Pull out the valve and retainer together.
8. Cylinder class 2-5/8K-FS-HE and 2-5/8T-FS-HE tandem cylinders require removal of suction and
discharge piping and the cylinder head to access the concentric valve. A concentric valve com-
bines suction and discharge valves in one assembly. See Caution at “Piston and Rod Removal”
on page 4-8.
9. In most cases, the flat metal gasket remains in the pocket. It is difficult to see. A flashlight and a
small mirror on an adjustable rod are the best tools to see the gasket clearly. On cylinders with
horizontal valves, the gasket may fall into the gas passage. Use a small magnet on a flexible
extension rod to fish it out. For optimum sealing, replace valve seat gaskets anytime a valve is
removed from a cylinder of a unit that has been in service.
PAGE 4-6 3/11

Valve Installation
1. Coat the 1/32 inch Valve Valve Plastic Retainer-Keeper
(0.8 mm) or 1/16 Cap Cap (Thumbscrew)
O-Ring
inch (1.6 mm) thick 1/8”
soft metallic flat gas- (3 mm)
ket with an anti-seize
Wafer Spring
lubricant. Then
either insert it into 12-Point Discharge
Capscrew Valve Plate
the valve pocket or (Center Bolt)
Discharge
stick it on the valve. Valve Spring
In either case, be Threaded
Washer Guard
careful not to allow
this gasket to fall into Valve Cushion Plate
Retainer
the gas passage.
2. Install suction valves Seat
only in suction pock-
ets and discharge Guard
valves only in dis-
charge pockets. The
valve pockets have Suction Metallic
Valve Flat Valve
identification plates. Plate Seat
Gasket
Install all valves with
valve fastener(s) Suction Guide
Valve Cushion Wafer Cylinder Ring
positioned away Spring Plate Spring Bore
from the cylinder
bore. If a valve is not SUCTION VALVE DISCHARGE VALVE
marked for suction or
discharge, or to ver- FIGURE 4-6 Typical Valve Assemblies
ify the type, manually
depress the valve plate. Preferably, use a tool softer than the valve plate material or exercise
care to prevent damage to the plate. A suction valve plate may be depressed only from the valve
fastener (bolting) side of the valve; a discharge valve plate may be depressed only from the side
of the valve that faces the cylinder bore. See Fig. 4-6.
3. Use the Valve Installation Tool (see Fig. 1-1) to insert the valve and retainer into the pocket
together. Verify the valve seats properly in the pocket. When installed correctly, the valve rotates
freely by hand, and the distance from the outer retainer face to the surface of the valve cap boss
is 1/8 inch (3 mm) shorter than the valve cap nose length.
4. Plastic thumbscrews hold valve retainers in position in bottom valve pockets. Tighten these
screws just enough to provide friction so retainers and valves in bottom pockets will not fall out
during valve cap installation.
5. Lubricate and install a new O-ring in the groove on the valve cap nose. Some high pressure cyl-
inders use a soft metallic wire gasket in lieu of the O-ring. Insert the valve cap and tighten the
bolts evenly to the recommended torque in Table A-3 in Appendix A. In correct assemblies with
new valves, the distance from the underside of the cap to the valve cap boss surface is a uniform
1/8 inch (3 mm). The distance is slightly less with re-worked valves.
NOTE: Ensure all parts, gasket faces, and mating surfaces are clean. Apply clean, fresh oil on
threads before re-installing bolts (Exception: stainless steel bolts use Never-Seez).
Torquing Valve Cap Bolts

Proper fastener tightening technique is essential to seal valve caps with soft metallic wire gaskets
used in some high pressure cylinders. It is important to torque bolting fully in even, gradual steps. Do
not tighten a valve cap with bias on one bolt or cock it in the bore. Such bias or cocking can cause
3/11 PAGE 4-7

uneven crush of a gasket that may cause leakage or even bolt failure. This step tightening procedure
is also necessary for all valve caps.
Install the valve assembly (and high Valve Valve Pre-formed
clearance spacer, when applicable), Retainer Assembly Metallic
Gasket
metallic gasket, and valve retainer in
the valve pocket. See “Valve Installa-
tion” on page 4-7. Lubricate and install
a new O-ring, or for high pressure appli-
cations, place a new metallic wire gas-
ket on the retainer or cap and install the
valve cap. Be careful not to gouge the
bore, or distort or damage the metallic
wire gasket. Always use a new metallic
wire gasket; wire gaskets are not reus- Valve Cap Metallic
able. Wire Gasket
Lubricate threads and bolt seating sur- FIGURE 4-7 High Pressure Valve Cap Assembly
faces with petroleum lubricant (except
for stainless steel bolting, use Never-Seez), and install bolts. Do not use anti-seize compounds on
steel valve cap bolting. Use the torquing procedure in Appendix A to tighten the bolts to the torque in
Table A-3. Tighten in the pattern shown in Fig. 4-7. In correct assemblies with new valves, the dis-
tance from the underside of the cap to the valve cap boss surface is a uniform 1/8 inch (3 mm). The
distance is slightly less with re-worked valves.
Proper torque procedures are important for all valve caps, but particularly for high pressure valve cap
assemblies. High pressure applications have caution plates stamped with proper torque values on
the cylinders.
CAUTION: Severe personal injury and property damage may result if valve cap bolting is
not properly torqued. See Appendix A for proper torque and torquing procedure.
Piston and Rod

CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify neither driver nor compressor cylinder gas
pressure can turn the crankshaft during maintenance: on engine-driven compressors,
the packager for assistance. Before removing a cylinder head, back off all cap screws 1/8
inch (3 mm). Verify the head is loose and the cylinder is completely vented.
Piston and Rod Removal

1. For non-lube cylinders, see “Component Cleaning and Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor
Cylinders” on page 4-43.
2. Remove crosshead guide side covers and cylinder head. First loosen cylinder head bolts per
Caution above.
3. Move crosshead to its inner dead center position. Back off, but do not remove, the crosshead-
balance nut set screws. Loosen crosshead-balance nut with the peg or open end wrench (see
Fig. 1-1). Use the open end wrench for hex nuts and the peg wrench for round nuts. Or use the
PAGE 4-8 3/11

separately purchased hydraulic crosshead-balance nut torque tool (see Fig. 1-2).
4. Remove cylinder head. In tandem cylinders where the outboard cylinder bore is smaller than the
inboard bore, remove the outboard cylinder. Support such cylinders during removal and installa-
tion, to avoid excessive weight on the piston and rod assembly that may bend them.
5. Use the Piston Nut Spanner or Turning Tool to thread the piston and rod assembly out of the
crosshead (see Fig. 1-1). The two dowels on the tool fit the piston nut holes. Turn the crosshead
nut off the piston rod.
6. As the piston leaves the cylinder, handle the piston rings carefully. Despite their toughness in ser-
vice, rings are fragile when removed. Always handle them with clean tools and hands to protect
them from nicks, marring, and bending. Move piston out of cylinder until a fraction of the first ring
clears the cylinder. Encircle the ring by hand (use a band for larger sizes) until it is clear, and
remove it. Remove succeeding rings and wear band in the same way.
7. Slide piston rod out of head end. The threaded crosshead end of the rod is 1/4 inches (6 mm)
smaller in diameter than the inside diameter of the packing. With extreme care, slowly slide pis-
ton rod through packing so as not to damage rod threads or packing rings. Use the Piston Rod
Entering Sleeve (see Fig. 1-1).
Manual Torquing of Piston Nuts

Use this procedure consistently to manually reassemble and torque both new and used piston rod
assemblies to minimize piston rod assembly failures. Contact Ariel Technical Services for questions
or additional information about this procedure.
Manual Piston and Rod Disassembly

NOTE: Ariel offers a clamping fixture Nominal Piston Clamping
for 1.125" to 2" (29 to 51 mm) diameter Rod Diameter Force Required
piston rods. Ariel offers no clamping Inches (mm) Ton (kN)
fixture for piston rods 2.5" (64 mm) or
1.125 (29) 8.67 (19.3)
greater in diameter.
1.5 (38) 20.4 (45.4)
1. Securely bolt the clamping fixture to a 2 (51) 35 (78)
base to prevent it from turning with
2.5 (64) 60 (140)
the piston rod. Place it at a convenient
height of about three feet (0.9 m).
FIGURE 4-8 Clamping Fixture with Clamping Rings and
2. Verify that the clamping fixture saddle Required Clamping Force
where the clamping ring seats, the
clamping ring, and the piston rod are clean, dry, and free of any oil. Even a small amount of oil
can cause the piston rod to turn in the fixture during torquing, and a small amount of debris
clamped under high force can damage a piston rod.
3. Clamp the piston and rod assembly in
Piston Rod
an appropriate clamping fixture using Clamping Fixture
the appropriate clamping ring for the
rod size. Torque the four fixture cap Spanner bolts onto
Piston Nut
screws to 344 lb x ft (466 N•m) to pre-
vent the rod from turning. The fixture
properly holds the piston rod to pre- Allen Wrench
vent damage to the parts and promote for Piston Nut
safety during disassembly and reas- Setscrews
sembly. Torque
Torque Wrench
4. Remove the setscrews from the pis- Multiplier
ton nut. Although the piston nut is FIGURE 4-9 Piston and Rod Clamping Fixture
prick-punched to lock the setscrews,
use an Allen wrench to force them out by turning them past the small lip the prick-punch formed.
3/11 PAGE 4-9

5. Remove piston nut using piston nut spanner.

NOTE: A small amount of gas pressure may build up within the piston during operation. It
vents when the piston nut is loosened.
6. After piston nut removal, slip the piston and collar off the end of the piston rod.
Manual Piston and Rod Reassembly

1. Clean all piston and rod assembly parts thoroughly. Verify piston is internally clean and dry.
NOTE: Reclean and re-lubricate threads and seating surfaces when reassembling used parts.
2. Inspect parts for nicks, burrs or scratches. Dress surfaces with a fine grit stone as needed.
3. Inspect piston rod threads and collar shoulder. Clean and de-burr threads. Fit collar and nut into
piston to verify the outside diameter fits and rotates freely. Install collar and nut onto piston rod to
verify the inside diameter fits and rotates freely. Thread piston nut manually until the rod threads
protrude to verify free thread engagement. Remove nut and collar.
4. Check piston rings and wear band to determine wear. Ariel recommends replacing rings when
the end gap increases to three times the new dimension. To measure end gaps, insert rings in
the cylinders without pistons. Wear band projection beyond the outer piston diameter is impor-
tant. To check wear band projection, measure piston to cylinder bore clearance at the bottom of
the bore; there is no need to remove the piston from the cylinder. Replace wear band before it
wears enough to allow the piston to touch the cylinder bore. See technical manual appendices
for all clearances and tolerances.
5. Verify the clamping fixture saddle where the clamping ring seats, the clamping ring, and the pis-
ton rod are clean, dry, and free of any oil. Even a small amount of oil can cause the piston rod to
turn in the fixture during torquing, and a small amount of debris clamped under high force can
damage a piston rod.
6. Clamp the piston and rod assembly in an appropriate clamping fixture using the appropriate
clamping ring for the rod size. Clamp it as close to the collar as possible without fixture interfer-
ence with the piston. Older, larger rods not drilled and threaded for a hydraulic torque tool are
best reassembled by a qualified service center.
7. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade (anti-seize and lubricating compound) to piston rod
shoulder, rod collar locating bands, and collar face in contact with piston, then slide collar onto rod.
8. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to piston rod threads at the piston end. Slide pis-
ton onto rod and collar. For two-piece pistons, install a new O-ring between the piston halves and
align the halves using the dowel in one half and the locating hole in the other.
NOTE: Ariel machines one end of single-piece pistons 0.002 inches (0.05 mm) undersize
across a 3/4 inch (20 mm) wide band for manufacturing purposes. If the piston is symmet-
rical and can be installed in either direction, assemble with the undersize band toward the
head end. For asymmetrical pistons, assemble with the side of fewer piston ring grooves
toward the head end.
9. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to piston nut threads and piston mating face.
Install nut and hand tighten.
PAGE 4-10 3/11

10. Torque piston nut to the recom- TABLE 4-1 Required Piston Nut Torque
mended torque in Table 4-1, using
the piston nut spanner and clamp- Nominal Piston Piston Nut Size Torque Value Torque
ing fixture. A torque multiplier may Rod Diameter Spanner
Inch x TPI lb-ft (N-m)
be necessary to achieve required Inches (mm) Part No.
torque. For all piston rod assem- 1.125 (29) 7/8 x 12 222 (301) A-0279
bly except for multi-nut assem- 1.5 (38) 1-1/4 x 12 695 (942) A-0424
blies (KBB:V), loosen piston nut 2 (51) 1-5/8 x 12 1590 (2156) B-1410
without disassembling and 2.5 (64) 2 x 12 1 3970 (5383) B-1503
retighten to required torque.
Repeating the torque properly 1. Ariel uses a hydraulic torque wrench on piston nuts for 2.5" nom-
inal diameter piston rods. 3970 lb-ft (5383 N⋅m) value is based on
seats components. Follow Ariel’s Ariel rod stretch test results. Torques for other rod sizes are cal-
“Recommendations for Torque culated.
Accuracy” (see ER-63) for multi-
nut assemblies. See Fig. 4-9.
NOTE: To calculate torque wrench setting when using a torque multiplier, divide desired
fastener torque by the multiplier actual mechanical advantage, not design mechanical
advantage. Example: A multiplier with a design mechanical advantage of 4.0, but an actual
mechanical advantage of 3.6 requires 442 lb-ft (599 N⋅m) of applied torque to achieve a
1590 lb-ft (2156 N⋅m) torque.
11. After tightening, the piston rod should not protrude more than 0.010 inches (0.25 mm) past the
piston face. If it does, contact your packager and/or Ariel.
12. Apply a thin coat of Never-Seez Regular Grade to two new Allen set screws. To install a set
screw, tighten it 15° past the Allen wrench yield point, then discard the deformed Allen wrench.
Repeat the procedure on the other set screw with a new Allen wrench.
13. Prick-punch piston nut within 1/16 inch (1.5 mm) of set screw threads to lock set screws in place.
14. Weigh piston rod assembly with the piston rings and wear bands (if used) included. Weigh parts
on a scale calibrated to 0.1 pounds (0.05 kg). Stamp the weight on the piston head end. Flatten
any raised lips to avoid end clearance measurement errors. Record weight for future reference.
Hydraulic Torquing of Piston Nuts

Proper torque is essential for piston nuts. Ariel offers a hydraulic torque tool (see Fig. 4-10) as an
option. It tightens or removes piston nuts on JGH:E:K:T:C:D:Z:U and KBZ:U piston rod assemblies.
Since 1997, JGH:E:K:T:C:D piston rods include a threaded hole to allow use of a hydraulic piston-
nut-torquing tool. A qualified machinist may rework JGH:E:K:T:C:D rods without a threaded hole (see
Fig. 4-11).
3/11 PAGE 4-11

If piston has 3/4” (20 mm) undercut, Torquing tool purchased

assemble that end toward the head. separately - not part of
standard tool box)
15 14
2 13
12
3
10 11
Separately purchased
4 Manual Hydraulic Pump
Kit may power the tool
5 6 7 8 9 at this connection.
1. Compressor Piston 6. Dowel Drive Pins (4 provided) 11. Piston Return Springs
2. Compressor Piston Rod 7. Adapter Base Plate (2 provided, 12. Tool Piston
3. Collar not included with KBZ:U tool) 13. Puller-Bolt Nut
4. Piston Nut w/two Set Screws 8. Bushing 14. Puller-Bolt Stem
5. O-ring (2-piece pistons only) 9. Bevel Gear 15. Puller-Bolt Insert (2 provided)
10. 9/16” Pinion Gear Drive
FIGURE 4-10 Hydraulic Piston Nut Torquing Tool - Typical
1.094 1.500
1.156 1.563
H:E:K:T RODS (27.78) C:D RODS (38.10)
(29.37) (39.69)
30° 30°
1/8”
(3.18)
7/8” (22.23) min. to last complete thread 1/8”
(3.18)
1” (25.4) min. to last complete thread
Tap: 3/4”-10 UNC Class 3B
Tap: 1”-8 UNC Class 3B
FIGURE 4-11 Piston Rod Tapped Hole Dimensions - Inch (mm)
Piston and Rod Disassembly with Hydraulic Tool

1. Remove the two Allen set screws from the piston nut and discard.
2. Clean and oil threaded hole in rod. Set up torque tool with proper adapter endplate, dowels, and
puller-bolt required for the particular piston and rod. The tool comes with two different size puller-
bolts, four dowel drive pins (two pairs of different sizes to match each puller bolt), and three
adapter baseplates. A change in puller-bolt size requires a change in dowel drive pins as well.
PAGE 4-12 3/11

Wrench flats on the puller-bolts and recessed Allen sockets in the dowel drive pins facilitate
removal and installation.
CAUTION: The A-9047 tool for JGH:E:K:T:C:D machines uses interchangeable base
plates to adapt to different piston o.d.’s and nut sizes. Verify the plate selected will not
permit the piston to be drawn into the end of the tool when tensioned.
CAUTION: The A-9047 tool is equipped with an integral safety collar to ensure the
puller-bolt stem remains captive if the puller-bolt fails. Older A-6774 and A-6799 tools
were equipped with a safety nut on the lower portion of the puller-bolt stem. Verify this
safety nut is re-installed when the puller-bolt stems are re-installed in the tool. Replace-
ment puller-bolt stems for A-6774 and A-6799 are of the A-9047 integral design.
Position torque tool with the two dowels inserted into the piston nut. Tighten puller head until
torque tool is completely tight against the piston rod assembly, then back off 1/4 turn.
NOTE: The puller head comes with barring holes to insert a 3/8" (9.5 mm) rod to help
tighten or loosen the puller-bolt, if necessary.
3. Apply hydraulic pressure to the torque tool to stretch piston rod (see Table 4-2). Use clean
hydraulic fluid in pump/tool system.
CAUTION: Do not overpressure torque tool; it can cause tool failure and/or excessive
piston rod pre-load. Excessive pre-load can cause piston rod failure, which may result
in personal injury.
CAUTION: Install hydraulic puller stud into piston rod a minimum of eight turns to pre-
vent piston rod to puller bolt thread failure. Such failures can result in personal injury.
Configure tool properly.
4. Loosen piston rod nut by turning the hex pinion drive counterclockwise with a socket wrench.
Release hydraulic pressure, remove torque tool, and then remove the piston nut.
Piston & Rod Reassembly with Hydraulic Tool

1. Perform steps 1 through 4 in “Manual Piston and Rod Reassembly” on page 4-10.
3. Mark a line across piston and nut prior to torquing to ensure the nut turns. Verify the threaded
hole in the rod is clean and oiled. Position the torque tool with the two dowels placed into the pis-
ton rod nut. Tighten puller-bolt head, until torque tool is completely tight against the piston rod
assembly, then back off 1/4 turn.
NOTE: The puller head comes with barring holes to insert a rod to help tighten or loosen
the puller, if necessary.
4. Apply hydraulic pressure to torque TABLE 4-2 Piston Nut Hydraulic Pressures & Torques
tool to stretch the piston rod (see
Table 4-2). Do not overpressure (see Hydraulic Pinion Drive
Rod Size, Compressor
caution above). To tighten piston rod Pressure1 Torque
inch (mm) Model
nut, use a calibrated torque wrench to psig (kPa) lb-ft (N⋅m)
torque the hex pinion drive to the 2 (50.8) JGH:E:K:T 3500 (24130) 50 (68)
value shown in Table 4-2. 2-1/2 (63.5) JGC:D 5400 (37230) 100 (136)
5. Release hydraulic pressure. Reapply 2.875 JGZ:U, KBZ:U 8700 (59980) 30 (41)
hydraulic pressure, loosen piston nut 1. Periodically calibrate hydraulic pressure gauges for the required
without disassembling, and then re- pressure. Use optional Ariel hydraulic hand pump kit.
tighten to the recommended torque.
This double-torquing ensures piston assembly integrity.
6. Release hydraulic pressure and remove torque tool. Inspect the piston rod at the end of the pis-
3/11 PAGE 4-13
ton; it should not protrude more than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) past the piston face. The nut should be
flush or recessed.
Piston and Rod Installation

1. Install piston/rod assembly with piston rings and wear band into cylinder. The threaded cross-
head end of the rod is 1/4 inches (6mm) smaller than the inside diameter of the packing. An entry
sleeve is unnecessary with reasonable care, but a plastic sleeve may help prevent damage to
packing rings. The Ariel tool box includes a piston rod entry sleeve (see Fig. 1-1).
2. See “Crosshead Installation” on page 4-25 for details to re-attach piston rod to crosshead, check
piston end clearance, piston rod runout and crosshead clearances, and re-assemble to close cyl-
inder and crosshead guide.
Crosshead
Crosshead Nut Set Screw Piston Nut Spanner Ratchet Extension

(turns Tool A-1678) Support Tool
FIGURE 4-12 Piston and Rod Installation - Typical
Piston Rod Runout

Check piston rod run out after new unit installation, unit relocation, or maintenance that may affect
rod run out.
Verify proper shimming of crosshead guides to level. Verify the crossheads directly contact the bot-
tom of the crosshead guide. A 0.0015 inch (0.04 mm) feeler stock should not insert more than 1/2
inches (13 mm) at all four corners of the crosshead.
Position the stem of a 0.0001 inch (0.001 mm) increment cal- TABLE 4-3 Maximum Acceptable
ibrated dial indicator against the piston rod, close to the pack- Piston Rod Run Out Readings
ing case. Set indicator to zero with piston toward the crank
end. Take readings in both vertical and horizontal directions. Direction Inches (mm)
When measuring vertical rod movement, record upward Vertical 0.0020 (0.051)
movement as positive and downward movement as negative. Horizontal 0.0010 (0.025)
When measuring horizontal rod movement, record move-
ment toward the auxiliary end of the frame as positive and
movement toward the drive end of the frame as negative. Copy Table 4-4 below to record readings.
Rotate crankshaft manually and record readings at mid-stroke and with piston at the head end. Com-
pare readings to Table 4-3.
PAGE 4-14 3/11

TABLE 4-4 Piston Rod Run Out

Run Out Measurement Throw 1 Throw 2 Throw 3 Throw 4 Throw 5 Throw 6
Piston @ CE 0 0 0 0 0 0
VERTICAL Mid-Stroke
Piston @ HE
Piston @ CE 0 0 0 0 0 0
HORIZONTAL Mid-Stroke
Piston @ HE
If a vertical reading is greater than the maximum acceptable, follow this procedure:
1. With the piston at the head end, use feeler gages to determine clearance at the top of the piston.
On wear band or rider ring pistons, this clearance is over the rings or band.
2. Divide feeler top clearance by two, then subtract 0.005 inches (0.13 mm). Place a feeler of this
calculated thickness under the bottom of the piston. Place the feeler under the wear band or rider
ring on wear band or rider ring pistons. Use a feeler long enough to stay under the piston
throughout its entire stroke.
3. Re-measure vertical run out and compare to acceptable limits in Table 4-3. Use horizontal read-
ings taken without feelers for acceptance. Copy Table 4-5 and record calculations and readings.
4. If readings are not within acceptable limits after worn parts replacement and piping alignment
correction, replace the piston rod assembly.
TABLE 4-5 Feeler Thickness to Correct for Piston Weight
LINE THROW NUMBER: 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Top Feeler Clearance
2 Line 1 (/2)
3 Line 2 - 0.005 inches (-0.13mm)
4 Bottom Feeler
Thickness
5 Vertical, Piston @ CE 0
6 Vertical, Piston @ HE
Piston Rings
Most JGH:E:K:T cylinders use one-piece angle-cut filled PTFE piston rings. High-pressure cylinders
use two-piece thermoplastic rings.
Ariel recommends replacing rings when the end gap increases to three times the new dimension. To
measure end gaps, insert rings in the cylinders without pistons (see Table B-4 in Appendix B for new
and maximum end gap dimensions).
Piston Ring Installation

1. Place the rings in the piston grooves. Compress rings manually.
2. Verify notches of two-piece high-pressure face-cut piston rings face toward the pressure and
away from the wear band (see Fig. 4-13).
3. With rings fully compressed in the grooves, insert rod and piston into cylinder. Ensure rings stay
3/11 PAGE 4-15

in place during piston and rod insertion.

NOTE: Stagger ring gaps around the piston; do not align them.
4. Follow the steps under “Piston and Rod Installation” on page 4-14.
High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Rings

Face-cut piston rings are typically used in cylinders with 2500 psi MAWP or higher, and generally
with notched and fluted wear bands. The rings install with the face cuts toward the highest pressure,
or toward the nearest head. Gas pressure in the wear band area escapes past the piston rings via
the face cuts during the suction stroke to prevent loading the wear band and increase service life.
Also, do not align the ring end gaps; stagger them to minimize gas leakage.
Piston Piston Rings Wear Band Piston Rings
Crank Head
End End
Staggered
Piston End Gaps
Rod
Notches Notches
Pressure Pressure
FIGURE 4-13 High-Pressure Face-Cut Piston Ring Orientation
Wear Bands
Most JGK and JGT pistons use a single, one-piece angle-cut filled Teflon wear band. High-pressure
cylinders use two-piece thermoplastic wear bands (see Fig. 4-13).
Since wear bands do not work as sealing rings, end gap is not critical. Wear band projection beyond
the outer piston diameter is important. To check wear band projection, measure piston to cylinder
bore clearance at the bottom of the bore. There is no need to remove the piston from the cylinder.
Replace wear band before it wears enough to allow the piston to touch the cylinder bore. Install wear
bands in the same way as piston rings, above. See Table B-5 in Appendix B for wear band end gap
and radial projection tolerances.
Piston Rod Packing

Piston Rod Packing Removal
1. Remove piston and piston rod. See “Piston and Rod Removal” on page 4-8.
2. Remove packing diaphragm (if applicable) and oil wiper packing.
3. Disconnect all tubing and instrumentation (if applicable) from packing flange. Remove the twelve-
point capscrews that hold the pressure packing gland to the crank end of the cylinder/head.
4. Do not remove the small nuts from the studs. They hold the packing case together for removal as
PAGE 4-16 3/11

an assembly.
5. Pull entire pressure packing out into the crosshead guide, then through the large side opening of
the guide. Take pressure packing to a clean place for disassembly.
6. Set pressure packing on a clean surface on its nose cup or cylinder end. Match mark the outside
diameter of the cups for proper reassembly. Three long tie studs hold the pressure packing
together. The stud holes are unequally spaced to prevent misalignment of the stack of parts.
Remove the stud nuts and unstack the pressure packing. Replace these nuts each time the pres-
sure packing is serviced.
7. To check ring wear, place assembled rings (note match-marks) on the piston rod. Check end gap
clearance. If the ends butt, or nearly butt, replace the rings. See “Types of Piston Rod Packing
Rings” on page 4-19 for correct ring orientation.
8. Carefully file any fins or wire edges on the rings to square all matching edges.
9. Pry loose the metal gasket on the end cup with a sharp awl. Do not scratch the sides of the gas-
ket groove.
10. Before reassembly, clean all parts thoroughly.
Piston Rod Packing Reassembly

1. Refer to the pressure packing assembly in your parts book. Ariel supplies parts books with each
unit. Contact your distributor to obtain a parts book. Each pressure packing re-build kit includes a
pressure packing assembly drawing.
2. Take care not to scratch mating surfaces of the cups. Cup surfaces must be clean and dry for re-
assembly.
3. To install a new set of rod rings in an existing packing case, inspect case parts for wear. Cups
should be smooth and flat on the back side where the rod rings must seal. If cups or grooves are
concave or tapered, regrind or relap them. Contact Ariel for appropriate rework thickness dimen-
sions. It is rarely necessary to alter the crosshead side of cups, but if necessary, take care not to
destroy the correct side clearance for the renewal rings.
NOTE: If premature wear is suspected, see Ariel “Cylinder and Packing Lubrication
Requirements”.
4. Before a packing case installation, disassemble and thoroughly clean it in an appropriate solvent
for the intended service.
5. Verify the proper position of Lube Cup Identification
each rod ring and cup and, Axial Groove (after 2005)
unless non-lube, coat rings lib- 1/4 in. (6 mm
erally with new, clean lubricant
before reassembly. Use only
the same lubricant in the force
feed lube system. If non-lube,
see “Component Cleaning and
Thread Lube for Non-Lube
Compressor Cylinders” on
page 4-43. ensure tie studs are
completely threaded into the Plastic Quill must
be in place (Ariel
end cup. Examine all parts for P/N A-12801)
unusual nicks or burrs which
may interfere with the free Original Lube High-Pressure Plastic Grooved Oil-Drip Lube
Cup Style Quill Oil-Drip Lube Cup Cup (All - after 2005)
floating of the rod ring in the
cups. Take particular care with FIGURE 4-14 Piston Rod Packing Case Lube Cups
rod rings made of soft materi-
als, such as bronze or TFE. It is extremely important to handle and install wiper rings to prevent
3/11 PAGE 4-17

damage to the scraping edges. If packing case is “water”-cooled, see “Water-Cooled Piston Rod
Packing” on page 4-23.
6. Lay out parts on a work bench for progressive installation, with each part in its correct position
and the rod rings with their proper faces toward the pressure. Three long tie studs hold the pres-
sure packing together. The stud holes are unequally spaced to prevent misalignment of the stack
of parts. Note that all rod ring segments are carefully lettered; assemble them accordingly. This is
most important for proper sealing. Center side-loaded WAT and AL rings prior to tightening tie
stud nuts. Install tie nuts and tighten to the values in Table A-3 in Appendix A. Manually verify all
rings move freely, radially, in their grooves. Side-loaded rings are snug, but should still move
manually. Center these rings.
7. For new installations, carefully clean all accumulated dirt in the lines and compressor. Any for-
eign material lodges in the packing and becomes destructively abrasive.
8. Prior to packing case installation, inspect end cup gasket for nicks and damage that may cause
leakage. If in doubt, replace the gasket. Verify the gasket surface in the packing counter bore on
the crank end of the cylinder/head is clean and not scratched.
9. Reinstall complete packing case assembly with oil supply point on top. Use rod packing bolts to
pull packing into place.
10. Reinstall packing diaphragm (if applicable) and wiper packing.
11. Reinstall piston and rod. See “Piston and Rod Installation” on page 4-14.
12. After tightening the crosshead nut, tighten rod packing bolts evenly to the recommended torque
in Table A-3 in Appendix A. This procedure squares the pressure packing on its nose gasket. To
align the packing, use feelers to maintain a uniform clearance all around between the case bore
and the rod. Rod packing bolt tightening on high pressure cylinders requires a torque multiplier.
NOTE: Repeat final torque for rod packing bolts until the bolts no longer turn. Re-check
torque on these fasteners at the next service interval.
13. Retighten tie stud nuts. Reinstall tubing connections and instruments (if applicable). Take care
not to cross-thread tubing nuts. Tubing nuts must be tight.
NOTE: After pressure packing installation, see “Force Feed Lubricator” on page 3-15 to prime
the force feed lube system and obtain recommended lubrication rates for new machine break-
in. Repeat priming each time a compressor is started because oil lines may bleed during
down time. Break-in lube rates are approximately twice the normal rates, or half the normal
indicator pin cycle time.
Long Two-Compartment Intermediate Packing

Compressors supplied with long two-compartment distance pieces include an intermediate packing
assembly that seals around the rod between the outboard and inboard distance pieces. This packing
assembly includes a single AL ring set.
For lubricated service, the force feed lube oils the top of the ring set at a very low rate because this
ring set is not subject to cylinder pressures and temperatures. The end-to-end seal in the cup and
the low lube rate of AL ring sets, ensures newly installed rings run virtually dry for the first few hours
of operation. To avoid damage to the rings and rod, copiously oil the ring set during installation,
before rod installation. Use only the same lubricant in the force feed lube system. If non-lube, see
“Component Cleaning and Thread Lube for Non-Lube Compressor Cylinders” on page 4-43.
PAGE 4-18 3/11

Types of Piston Rod Packing Rings

“P” Pressure Breaker
This single ring is cut radially into three equal segments. It breaks
down or slows gas flow without sealing it completely. Total end gap
installed is 0.040 to 0.046" (1.0 to 1.2 mm) for PEEK, 0.020 to 0.026"
(0.5 to 0.7 mm) for Bronze and Cast Iron. Maintain end gap by adjust-
ing ring gap or replacing ring.
FIGURE 4-15 “P”
Pressure Breaker
“UP” Pressure Breaker Pressure

This single solid ring breaks down or slows gas flow without sealing it
completely.
FIGURE 4-16 “UP”

Pressure Breaker
“P1U” Pressure Breaker
This two-ring set allows controlled leakage in one direc- Pressure
tion only and installs in the first or second packing cup
(closest to the piston). The first ring (pressure side) is
one-piece with a single radial cut; the second ring is
solid and has a bore larger than the rod diameter. Total
end gap installed is 0.040 to 0.046 in. (1.0 to 1.2 mm)
for PEEK, and 0.020 to 0.026 in. (0.5 to .07 mm) for
Bronze, and Cast Iron. Maintain end gap by adjusting
ring gap or replacing the ring.
FIGURE 4-17 “P1U” Pressure Breaker
“BTR” Single Acting Seal Set
This three-ring set seals in one direction only. The first M Pressure
ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The second ring is
A
tangentially step cut and made of the same material D D
as the first ring. These two rings are doweled to stag-

ger the cuts from one ring to the other. Total end gap
installed is 3/8 to 13/32 in. (9.5 to 10.3 mm) for PEEK,
A
Bronze, and Cast Iron, and 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 M M
mm) for Teflon. Maintain end gap by adjusting ring gap

A
or replacing the ring. The third ring is called a back-up

D
ring. It is radially cut and has a bore larger than the FIGURE 4-18 “BTR” Single
rod diameter. This allows the radial joints to form a Acting Seal Set
tight gas seal. This ring needs no dowel.
3/11 PAGE 4-19

“BD” Double Acting Seal Set

This two-ring set consists of tangentially step cut rings dow- Pressure
eled to stagger the tangential cuts from one ring to the other.
V
U
Total end gap installed is 3/8 to 13/32 in. (9.5 to 10.3 mm) for
PEEK, Bronze, and Cast Iron, and 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6
mm) for Teflon. Maintain end gap by adjusting ring gap or
U
replacing the ring. This double acting set seals in either direc-
V
tion. In cylinders operating near atmospheric pressure, it pre-
vents air from entering the cylinder. Install with the match mark
V
U
letters facing the pressure.
FIGURE 4-19 “BD” Double
"WAT" Double Acting Seal Set Acting Seal Set
In this three-ring Teflon set, the first two rings (pressure M Pressure
side) are radially cut; the third is tangentially step cut.
The last two rings are doweled to stagger the cuts from D D A
one ring to the other. Total end gap installed is 3/16 to A
7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 mm). Maintain end gap by adjusting

ring gap or replacing the ring. The first ring, along with
the center ring, forms a wedge that overcomes rod fric- M M
tion and holds the ring set against both groove faces
during either direction of rod travel. Use this ring set pri-
D A
marily for low pressure applications. WAT rings must be FIGURE 4-20 “WAT” Double
centered when installed in the packing case. Acting Seal Set
“AL” Double Acting Seal Set

This five-ring Teflon set functions like a A
double-ended “WAT” ring set. Total end A
gap installed is 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6
A
mm). Maintain end gap by adjusting ring
A
gap or replacing the ring. It totally blocks
leakage in a groove supplied with low-
pressure fluid. AL rings must be centered
when installed in the packing case. A Pressure
A
FIGURE 4-21 “AL” Double Acting Seal Set

“BTU” Single Acting Seal Set
This three-ring set seals in one direction only.
The first ring (pressure side) is radially cut; the Pressure
second is tangentially step cut. These first two
B
K
rings are doweled to stagger the cuts from one

B
ring to the other. The third ring is called a back-up

K
ring. It is solid, with a bore larger than the rod

diameter, allowing radial joints to form a tight gas
K
B
seal. Total end gap installed is 3/8 to 13/32 in.

(9.5 to 10.3 mm) for PEEK, Bronze, and Cast
Iron, and 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 mm) for Tef- FIGURE 4-22 “BTU” Single Acting Seal Set
lon. Maintain end gap by adjusting ring gap or
replacing ring.
PAGE 4-20 3/11

“BTUU” Single Acting Seal Set

This four-ring set seals in one direction only. The
first ring (pressure side) is radially cut; the sec-
ond is tangentially step cut. These rings are Pressure
B
K
doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to the
B
other. The third and forth rings are solid and
K
have bores larger than the rod diameter, allow-
ing the radial joints of the sealing rings to form a
K
B
tight gas seal. Total end gap installed is 3/8 to
13/32 in. (9.5 to 10.3 mm) for PEEK, and 3/16 to
7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 mm) for Teflon. Maintain end FIGURE 4-23 “BTUU” Single Acting Seal Set
gap by adjusting ring gap or replacing the ring.
“CU” Single Acting Seal Set

The first ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The Pressure
second ring is tangentially cut. The first two rings
B
K
are doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to
B
the other. The third ring is called a back-up ring. It
K
is solid and has a bore larger than the rod diame-
ter. Total end gap installed is 3/8 to 13/32 in. (9.5
K
B
to 10.3 mm) for PEEK, Bronze, and Cast Iron,
and 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 mm) for Teflon.
Maintain end gap by adjusting ring gap or replac- FIGURE 4-24 “CU” Single Acting Seal Set
ing the ring.
“STU” Single Acting Seal Set

The first ring (pressure side) is solid, with radial Pressure
groves on the pressure side. The second ring is
K
tangentially cut. The third ring is solid.

K K
FIGURE 4-25 “STU” Single Acting Seal Set

“CR” Single Acting Seal Set
The first ring (pressure side) is radially cut. The Pressure
second ring is tangentially cut. The first two rings
B
A
K
are doweled to stagger the cuts from one ring to

B
the other. The third ring is called a back-up ring. It

K
is radially cut and has a bore larger than the rod

diameter to allow the radial joints to form a tight
K
B
gas seal. Total end gap installed is 3/8 to 13/32

in. (9.5 to 10.3 mm) for PEEK, Bronze and Cast
Iron, and 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6 mm) for Tef- FIGURE 4-26 “CR” Single Acting Seal Set
lon. Maintain end gap by adjusting ring gap or
replacing the ring.
3/11 PAGE 4-21

“3RWS” Oil Wiper Set

The three cast iron rings in this set are radi-
ally cut and doweled to stagger the cuts
from one ring to the other. They keep
crankcase oil out of the packing and cylin-
der. Assemble with the blank face towards
the oil (crankcase) and the slotted side
towards the pressure packing. Total end
gap installed is 3/16 to 7/32 in. (4.8 to 5.6
mm). Maintain end gap by adjusting ring
gap or replacing the ring. FIGURE 4-27 “3RWS” Wiper Set
Arrangement of Piston Rod Packing Rings

Ariel supplies JGH:E:K:T packings in five pressure
Pressure Breaker Ring,
Three to Five Seal Ring

ranges. The figure to the right shows the general
Sets with Oil Supply

arrangement of the oil supply, seal ring, and vent loca-
Crankcase Side
Pressure Side
tions. The type of rings used depends on the pressure
Seal Ring Set

Primary Vent
if applicable
application.
A separate diaphragm in the crosshead guide carries
the oil wiper rings and one seal ring set.
Piston Rod Packing Ring Material

Some years ago, bronze was the standard material for
all Ariel packings. Bronze, however, is totally unsatis-
factory for sour gas service, (hydrogen sulfide in the
gas). PEEK, cast iron and Teflon provide outstanding service with sour gas, and since they perform
equally well with sweet gas, they are now standard materials.
A typical packing consists of a PEEK pressure breaker, Teflon/cast iron single-acting rings, all Teflon
double-acting rings, and a cast iron wiper set. The Teflon is glass-reinforced and impregnated with
molybdenum disulfide to provide a strong, slick material to reduce friction and wear.
PAGE 4-22 3/11

Water-Cooled Piston Rod Packing

When any disassembly of (optional) “water”-cooled rod Coolant Turnaround Cup Circumferential
packing cases is required from the as supplied - as received Identification Groove (All - beginning in 2006)
condition from the manufacturer, proper re-assembly and
leak testing is required.
Reassembly
See “Piston Rod Packing Reassembly” on page 4-17 and
“Types of Piston Rod Packing Rings” on page 4-19.
Refer to the pressure packing assembly in the parts book
supplied with your unit. Contact your distributor if you do not
have a parts book. A pressure packing assembly drawing
also comes with each pressure packing re-build kit. O-Ring
Groove
Water-cooled cases are lapped. Take special care not to
scratch cup mating surfaces; it can cause significant prob-
lems. Cup surfaces must be clean and dry for re-assembly.
The cups are numbered on the outside diameter; assemble FIGURE 4-28 Water-Cooled Packing
them in consecutive order, starting with the end cup. See the Case Turnaround Cups
pressure packing assembly in your parts book and Fig. 4-28
The studs are offset so the cups fit only one way.
Verify the tie studs thread completely into the end cup. Put the proper ring in the groove and face it in
the proper direction. Three long tie studs hold the pressure packing together. The stud holes are not
equally spaced. This prevents misalignment of the stack of parts. When sliding parts onto the tie
studs, take care not to scratch the lapped faces. Unless non-lube, coat rings liberally with clean lubri-
cant before reassembly. Use only the same lubricant used in the force feed lube system.
Next, install the second cup, position the rings, and verify the two small O-rings are in place around
the coolant holes. Repeat this step to assemble the remaining parts consecutively in the configura-
tion detailed in the packing case drawing.
Install tie stud nuts and tighten to the values in Table A-3 in Appendix A. Manually verify all rings
move freely, radially, in their grooves. Side-loaded WAT and AL rings are snug, but should still move
manually. Center these rings.
Testing
All internal passages must function with 100% verification. To check passages, blow dry compressed
air through the connection taps on the flange and verify that air exits at the proper holes. Air applied
to the connection tap stamped “Coolant In” should exit the connection tap stamped “Coolant Out”; or
air applied to the tap stamped “Lube” should exit at the appropriate cup on the inside diameter of the
case.
Pressure leak test packing cases as follows:
1. Apply 60 to 100 psi (4 to 7 bar) dry, compressed air to the “Coolant In” connection; it should exit
at connection tap “Coolant Out”. For water-cooled rod packing cases in non-lube service, use oil-
free compressed air. Air applied to the tap stamped “Lube” should exit at the appropriate cup on
the inside diameter of the case.
2. Plug the “Coolant Out” connection and apply 60 to 100 psi (4 to 7 bar) dry, compressed air to the
“Coolant In” connection through a ball valve with a calibrated pressure gauge located between
the ball valve and packing case. Close the ball valve and disconnect the air supply. Pressure
should not drop for five minutes, minimum. Disassemble, inspect, repair, re-assemble, and re-
test any cases that fail this test. Packing cases may be bolted into place in a cylinder head to aid
sealing, with proper bolting and torques.
3/11 PAGE 4-23

Crossheads
Crosshead Removal
CAUTION: Before removing a cylinder head, back off all cap screws 1/8 inch (3 mm). Ver-
ify the head is loose and the cylinder is completely vented.
CAUTION: Crossheads are heavy. Handle with care to avoid personal injury. The balance
sheet that comes in the manual with each compressor lists each crosshead weight.
1. Remove crosshead guide Shoe Bushing Crosshead End Thru Bolt Crosshead
side covers and (head end) Area Pin Plate Lock Nut Nut
cylinder head or unloader.
2. Move crosshead to its inner
dead center position. Back
off, but do not remove, the
crosshead nut set screws.
3. Loosen crosshead nut with
the special slugging Peg or
Open End Wrench, depend-
ing on nut type (see
Fig. 1-1). Or use separately
purchased hydraulic cross-
head nut torque tool (see
Roll Thru End Roll End Thru Set Screw - Loosen
Fig. 1-2). Pin Bolt Plate Pin Plate Bolt before turning nut
4. Use the Piston Nut Span-
FIGURE 4-29 Crosshead - Typical
ner shown in Fig. 1-1 to
thread the piston rod out of
the crosshead. The two dowels on the Adapter fit holes in the piston nut. Thread the crosshead
nut off the piston rod. Push the rod end forward to the edge of the packing to provide clearance
for crosshead removal.
5. With crosshead in its outer dead center position, remove crosshead pin thru-bolt, lock nut, end-
plates and pin. Discard old lock nut.
6. Turn crankshaft to its inner dead center position. Move crosshead to its outer dead center posi-
tion, free of the connecting rod. Support connecting rod so it does not drop and damage the
crosshead guide surface.
7. Remove oil wiper packing from crosshead guide diaphragm.
8. Install Crosshead Installation/Removal Tool as shown in Fig. 4-31.
9. Push crosshead onto Crosshead Installation Tool (see Fig. 4-31) and rotate crosshead 90°.
10. Slide a 3/16 inch (5 mm) thick plate into the gap between the crosshead and crosshead guide
(see Fig. 4-31)
11. Remove diaphragm from crosshead guide and slide crosshead out of crosshead guide onto the
plate.
12. Check crosshead pin to bushing clearance (see Table B-1 in Appendix B). Determine pin wear by
inspection.
13. Replace pin, if necessary. To replace bushings, hacksaw or file to within 1/32 inches
(1 mm) of their thickness, then drift them out.
PAGE 4-24 3/11

14. New bushing installation requires a press. To install a Approximately 3 Tons (27kN) Force Required
bushing in the crosshead, cool the bushing in 95%
alcohol with dry ice solution. Leave the bushing in the
solution long enough to reach the same temperature Bushing
as the solution, about -110°F (-80°C). Crosshead
CAUTION: Do not touch cold surfaces without

proper protection. Alcohol is flammable; use it
only in open air or well-ventilated buildings.
Avoid sparks and open flame. Avoid alcohol Inner
vapors which may cause injury to nose and Support
eye tissue. Do not return solution to a closed
container until it reaches room temperature or
container may explode. Do Not
Support Here
NOTE: Directly support the crosshead side FIGURE 4-30 Crosshead

receiving the new bushing to prevent the press Bushing Replacement
from possibly crushing the crosshead (see
Fig. 4-30). Thoroughly clean bushing and cross-
head to prevent dirt accumulation between bushing and crosshead bore.
15. Inspect shoe surfaces; there should be no wear whatsoever.
Crosshead Installation
NOTE: Return crossheads to their original throw location. Use frame oil for lubrication where
needed.
1. Lay a 3/16 inch (5 mm) thick plate in the bottom of the crosshead guide and lay crosshead on its
side (see Fig. 4-31). Oil crosshead and guide surfaces.
2. Mount Crosshead Installation Tool onto crosshead guide Crosshead
diaphragm and oil tool bearing surfaces. See Fig. 4-31. Installation
Tool (A-1858)
With tool mounted on diaphragm, install diaphragm into
crosshead guide. Slide crosshead onto tool.
NOTE: Long 2-compartment crosshead guides sup-
plied prior to 11/08 require a crosshead installation
tool with a smaller pilot diameter. Contact Ariel for the
proper tool.
3. Remove 3/16 inch (5 mm) thick plate. Rotate crosshead
90°. Slide crosshead into guide and off of the installation
tool. Verify it does not become cocked. If crosshead
becomes wedged, do not force it. Ease it off and start 3/16” (5 mm)
Thick Plate
again. Be careful not to damage crosshead shoe surface
during installation. FIGURE 4-31 Crosshead
Installation
4. Remove crosshead installation tool and reinstall wiper
packing.
3/11 PAGE 4-25

5. Lift crosshead end of connecting rod and

Alignment Tool
turn crankshaft to its outer dead center Crosshead
position to locate the connecting rod in
position and insert crosshead pin. Use Connecting Rod
Crosshead Pin Alignment Tool on the oppo-
site side of the crosshead to assist pin
insertion. Oil crosshead pin and alignment
tool prior to installation. Install crosshead
pin end-plates, thru-bolt, and a new lock
nut. Tighten thru-bolt and lock nut to the
value listed in Table A-3 in Appendix A.
(TIP: If pin insertion is difficult, chill it first.) Crosshead Pin
6. Lubricate piston rod threads with Never-
Seez regular grade. Re-thread crosshead-
balance nut onto piston rod; allow enough FIGURE 4-32 Crosshead Alignment
clearance to attach rod to crosshead. Posi- Tool (B-1989) - Typical
tion setscrew cup points on crosshead side
of nut.
7. Position crankshaft at inner dead center position of throw. Use a dial indicator with a magnetic
base to indicate crosshead location when finding exact inner and outer dead center positions.
NOTE: At this point, set piston end clearance or serious damage may occur. See required
piston crank end clearance on cylinder data plate and Table B-2 in Appendix B.
8. Insert a feeler gage, equal to the required crank end clearance, through an open valve pocket.
For 13 in. (330 mm) and larger cylinders, insert feeler gage through a bottom valve pocket. Use
the tools illustrated in Fig. 4-12 to thread piston rod into crosshead until piston is tight against the
feeler gage, and the feeler gage cannot be removed manually.
9. Tighten crosshead-balance nut in one of two ways:
• Strike the special slugging peg or open end wrench (see Fig. 1-1) with a dead blow semi-soft
faced hammer until an audible difference can be heard or the wrench “bounces” indicating a
tight nut. Some mechanics obtain desired tightness in 3 to 4 strikes; others may require more.
PAGE 4-26 3/11

• Use a separately pur- Spanner Wrench Adapter Special High-Strength

chased crosshead-bal- mounted on the Balance Shoulder Bolts (3)
ance nut hydraulic torque Nut with three Special
tool and hand pump kit. Shoulder Bolts; position
open area toward
See Table A-3 in Appen- Spanner Wrench
dix A for the hydraulic
pressure to apply to the
torque tool. When initially
installing the tool, posi-
tion the spanner wrench
adapter open area
toward the spanner
wrench as shown in the
figure. Apply hydraulic
pressure to the ram to Spanner
Wrench
tighten the crosshead-
balance nut. When the
ram ends its travel,
release pressure and Crosshead
index the ram to the 10,000 psi (690 bar) Balance Nut
spanner wrench slot and/ Cylinder with 1” (25
mm) Stroke Single
or spanner wrench to Acting/Spring Return
adapter, until the nut
stops moving at the FIGURE 4-33 Crosshead Balance Nut Hydraulic TorqueTool
specified hydraulic pres- (G-7583), Tightening Position - Typical
sure. If during tightening,
the adapter open area turns 90° before nut is tight, remove the spanner wrench. Remove the
bolting in the spanner wrench adapter to the crosshead-balance nut and reposition the adapter
so the open area again faces the spanner wrench.
CAUTION: Do not allow open areas of spanner wrench and adapter to overlap, as
the spanner wrench can be sprung. If the spanner wrench becomes sprung, destroy
it and replace it.
• When nut is tight, remove the feeler gage by hand. Verify removal of all tools from cylinder and
crosshead.
10. With the head end head or unloader properly installed (closed position) and fasteners tightened,
rotate crankshaft 180° to outer dead center position of throw. Remove a top head end valve.
Determine required piston head end clearance limits from cylinder data plate, see Table B-2 in
Appendix B. Measure head end clearance at the top of the head end. Using feeler gages through
the open valve pocket, check head end clearance. Determine if measured clearance is within tol-
erance. Tighten the crosshead-balance nut set screws. Re-install valve assemblies and properly
tighten fasteners. See page 4-7.
11. Check piston rod runout and crosshead clearances upon re-assembly, any time a piston rod is
removed. See “Piston Rod Runout” on page 4-14, and Table B-1 in Appendix B for crosshead
clearances and checking procedure.
12. Replace crosshead guide side covers and gaskets, tighten all capscrews hand wrench tight.
Lubricate both sides of cover gaskets with anti-sieze lubricant or multi-purpose grease to ease
future removal.
3/11 PAGE 4-27

Connecting Rods
A Connecting Rod assembly consists of a Rod with Bushing, a Rod Cap, Rod Cap Bolts (4), and two
half Bearing Shells. The Bearing Shells join together to form the Connecting Rod Bearing.
Connecting Rod Removal

1. Remove top cover from crankcase and side covers from crosshead guides.
2. Remove the middle frame spacer bar of the three over the desired pair of throws. TIP: If spacer
bar bolts are difficult to loosen, use a 12-point hammer wrench. Spacer bars fit snugly, but should
remove manually without hammering. They should not fall out. If fit is too loose or tight contact
your packager or Ariel before proceeding.
3. Move throw to outer dead center position.
4. Remove lock nut, bolt, end plates, and crosshead pin from crosshead. Discard old lock nut.
5. Remove crosshead as described in “Crossheads” on page 4-24.
6. Support connecting rod so it does not drop and damage the crosshead guide, then turn the
crankshaft until the throw is at its highest point. Loosen all the rod cap bolts part way. Using the
connecting rod cap removal tool (see Fig. 1-1), jack against the bolt heads to pull the rod cap free
from the dowels. Remove the top two rod cap bolts and the rod bearing cap. The bottom two
bolts remain in the cap during cap removal.
NOTE: Do not pry or chisel to separate cap from rod; it damages the connecting rod.
7. Half of the bearing shell comes out with the cap. Slide out the other half from the rod.
8. Turn crankshaft until rod can be removed through the crosshead guide side cover openings.
9. After removing connecting rod(s), protect crank pins from nicks or scratches.
NOTE: To remove all connecting rods, remove the crankshaft before rod removal. Detach
all connecting rods from the crankshaft and retract them into the crosshead guides before
crankshaft removal.
Connecting Rod Bearing Removal and Installation

The connecting rod bearing is tri-metal (steel, bronze, and babbitt with a tin flash coat) and precision
split (2-shell). Notches in the rod and rod cap enable bearing tabs to position and maintain the posi-
tion of the bearing halves. See Connecting Rod Removal above for bearing removal.
1. Do not remove connecting rod cap to check bearing wear. If cap is removed, replace the bearing.
DO NOT REUSE BEARING SHELLS.
2. To determine bearing wear, check jack and side clearances against clearance limits in Table B-3
in Appendix B. Also check clearances after new bearing installation. Use calibrated dial indica-
tors with 0.0005 inch (0.005 mm) increments and magnetic stands to check clearances. To check
jack clearance:
• Thread an eye bolt into the connecting rod and turn the crankshaft pin up.
• Install a magnetic stand on the crankshaft web adjacent to the connecting rod. Place a needle
dial indicator against the top of the connecting rod near the cap seam. See Fig. 4-34.
• With a large pry bar inserted into the eye bolt, pry against the frame to force the connecting rod
up until dial indicator needle stops moving. Note the reading.
PAGE 4-28 3/11

Dial indicator magnetic stand place- Dial indicator placement on top of Use pry bar to check jack clearance.
ment on top of crankshaft web, and connecting rod, and pry bar inserted
pry bar inserted into eye bolt. into eye bolt.
FIGURE 4-34 Measuring Connecting Rod Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance - Typical
3. Check thrust clearance:

• Install a magnetic stand on the side of crankshaft web, with a button type dial indicator placed
against the side of the connecting rod. See Fig. 4-35.
• Use a pry bar to pry against the crankshaft web and thrust connecting rod tight toward dial indi-
cator (do not pry on rod cap). Then pry on the connecting rod to thrust it tight in the opposite
direction to determine clearance, repeat to verify measurement accuracy.
Dial indicator magnetic stand Button dial indicator placement. Rod thrust tight toward and away
placement. from dial indicator.
FIGURE 4-35 Measuring Connecting Rod Thrust (Side) Clearance - Typical
4. Remove eye bolts, magnetic stands, dial indicators, and pry bars after measurement.
5. Crank pin bearing replacement does not require connecting rod removal.
NOTE: Connecting rod bearings and main bearings are not interchangeable. Connecting
rod bearings have a narrower groove or no groove at all. DO NOT put main bearings in
connecting rod bearing locations.
6. See “Connecting Rod Installation” on page 4-30 for bearing shell installation. If clearance read-
ings are not within tolerance after new bearing installation, contact your packager or Ariel before
proceeding.
Connecting Rod Bushing Removal and Installation

1. Check crosshead pin to bushing clearance (see Table B-1 in Appendix B). Determine pin wear by
inspection. Replace pin, if necessary.
2. To replace a bushing, file or hacksaw the existing bushing to reduce the tightness of the shrink fit.
From the inside diameter, file or saw across the length of the bushing to within 1/32 inches
(1 mm) of its radial thickness. It can then be easily drifted out. DO NOT file or saw into the con-
necting rod; any bore damage renders the rod useless.
3/11 PAGE 4-29

3. Use a hydraulic press in a qualified machine shop to install the new bushing. Do not hammer
bushing into place; it will distort the bushing bore.
4. Before installation, cool new bushing in a 95% alcohol and dry ice solution. Leave bushing in
solution long enough to reach the solution temperature, about -110°F (-80°C).
5. Position connecting rod on the press table so the chamfered edge of the rod bushing bore is on
top. Align bushing oil hole with connecting rod oil passage (if applicable) before pressing bushing
in. The bushing has an annular groove around its outside diameter aligned with the oil hole; if the
bushing shifts in the connecting rod during operation, oil still travels to the bushing inside diame-
ter and to the crosshead pin. However, a new bushing installation should cover no more than 1/3
of the rod oil passage hole. For ELP units with no drilled hole in the connecting rod, bushing hole
alignment is not critical (see CTB-192).
CAUTION: Do not touch cold surfaces without proper protection. Alcohol is flammable;
use it only in open air or well-ventilated buildings. Avoid sparks and open flame. Avoid
alcohol vapors which may cause injury to nose and eye tissue. Do not return solution
to a closed container until it reaches room temperature or container may explode.
NOTE: Thoroughly clean bushing and connecting rod to prevent dirt accumulation
between them. Immediately assemble them so the bushing does not warm and stick
before it is in place. If the bushing sticks, remove it by notching as in step 2 above.
Connecting Rod Installation

1. To install a new connecting rod, stamp match mark numbers matching the throw location on the
tops of the connecting rod and bearing cap (with notches up). See Fig. 4-36.
2. Check new bearing shells for handling damage, scratches, burrs, and loose material at the tabs.
DO NOT RUB BEARING SURFACE WITH FINGERNAIL. New bearing shells and crankshaft
crank pin bearing surfaces must be absolutely clean. Snap a new, dry half bearing shell into the
rod with the bearing tab properly located in the rod notch. With the crankcase top cover off, turn
the throw to inner dead center position and slide the rod into the crosshead guide space. Oil
crankshaft crank pin bearing surfaces with new clean lubricating oil, the same type used in the
frame, before connecting rod cap installation.
NOTE: Connecting rod bearings and main bearings are not interchangeable. Connecting
rod bearings have a narrower groove or no groove at all. DO NOT put main bearings in
connecting rod bearing locations.
NOTE: Caps and rods are numbered by throw beginning with number one at the drive end.
For throw numbering sequence, see Fig. i-1. Always install rods with numbers up. Protect
crank pin at all times.
3. Fit connecting rod to crank pin and turn to the highest position. Position cap, with a new half
bearing shell properly located in the notch, and the bolts. Snug all bolts; do not tighten them to
full torque.
PAGE 4-30 3/11

4. Reconnect rod and Tighten connecting rod bolting to torque values in Table A-
crosshead with pin. 3 in Appendix A. Then, start with first level vial facing up
with bubble centered. Tighten thumb screw on to wrench
Install end plates, thru- socket and turn bolts with socket an additional 1/4 turn,
bolt, and new lock nut. until the second vial is horizontal with bubble centered.
Tighten lock nut to the
Correct rod orientation is with
torque listed in Table bearing notches on top joint.
1/4 Turn
A-3 in Appendix A. (90°) Note: Install joint
5. Follow the torquing match marks up.
procedure in Appen-
dix A to tighten con-
necting rod cap screws
to the recommended
torque in Table A-3.
Then use the turn indi-
cator tool (see Fig. 1-
1) to tighten the bolts
to the recommended FIGURE 4-36 Connecting Rod - Typical
turn value.
6. Measure each connecting rod bearing to crankshaft jack clearance and connecting rod thrust
(side) clearance (see “Connecting Rod Bearing Removal and Installation” on page 4-28). Record
measurements on a copy of the form in Appendix D. If measurements are out of tolerance after
installing new bearings, contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding
7. Reinstall spacer bars. All spacer bars are match-marked for proper location; reinstall them in their
original location. Tighten all spacer bar bolts to the torque listed in Table A-3 in Appendix A.
8. Examine top cover and side cover gaskets. If there is doubt about their condition, replace them.
future removal. Replace top cover and crosshead guide cover. Tighten all capscrews hand
wrench tight.
Crankshaft
Crankshaft Removal
1. Remove coupling disk pack. Remove coupling hub. It may be necessary to heat the hub to
remove it; wear insulated gloves. If the hub is not removed, the drive end cover cannot be
removed and must lift out with the crankshaft.
2. Remove top cover, spacer bars, and drive end cover. TIP: If spacer bar bolts are difficult to
loosen, use a 12-point hammer wrench.
3. Do not damage the sharp corners on each end of the crankcase top. They form a junction
between the end covers, top cover, and base; keep them sharp and unmarred to prevent oil
leaks.
4. Detach connecting rods and move them to their full outer position.
3/11 PAGE 4-31

5. Remove chain adjustment cap cap- Turn 5/8-11 UNC nut to 20-1/2” (52cm)
screws. Turn the cap to loosen the jack bearing cap Long Steel Bar
straight up.
chain and slip it off the crankshaft
sprocket. Drill 11/16”
(18mm) hole
6. Remove capscrews from bearing 11” (28cm) Long 5/
caps. Pull caps straight up to prevent 8-11 UNC Threaded
damage to the dowel fit. If cap is tight, Rod
use a bearing cap puller as illustrated. 5/8-11 UNC Lock Nut
7. Before removing the crankshaft, pre- 5/8-11 UNC
pare wooden saddles with sides high Puller Hole
enough to prevent the webs or oil
slinger from touching the floor to store
the crankshaft during maintenance - Crankshaft
even if for only a short time. Also, pro-
tect the crankshaft from above so
dropped tools or equipment cannot
mar pin and journal surfaces.
8. Turn the crankshaft so that sling lift-
ing points are above the shaft center FIGURE 4-37 Main Bearing Cap Puller
of gravity to prevent rotation when
lifted. Lift straight up with the crankshaft ends Oil Slinger Main Bearing Journals Sprocket
parallel to the frame. The crankshaft weight
requires two men and a crane or lift to safely
remove it. Use appropriate sized nylon slings to
prevent marring the crankshaft running surface.
CAUTION: Lifting the crankcase may

cause the shaft to bind and damage it. Drive
End
Crank Pins
NOTE: Lower half bearing shells sometimes
stick to the shaft journals. After lifting the Counterweights
shaft about ¼ inch (6mm) clear of the sad-
dles, verify the lower half bearing shells FIGURE 4-38 Crankshaft
remain on the saddles. If not, tap them back
onto the saddles before lifting the shaft further.
9. While one person raises the crane very slowly, the second person must grasp the crankshaft at
the drive end with one hand on the counterweight or one of the throws and the other on the shaft
end to keep the crankshaft level. Wear clean gloves for a good grip, to avoid cuts from the
slinger, and to avoid marring the running surface. As the shaft slowly raises, lift the drive and aux-
iliary ends at the same rate. Carefully guide the crankshaft to avoid marring its surfaces.
Oil Slinger Removal

Although the slinger should last indefinitely with proper care, it may become nicked. To replace it,
suspend the crankshaft as detailed in Crankshaft Removal and heat the slinger until it glows yellow
(about 400°F or 204°C). When it expands, it should fall off by itself. DO NOT TOUCH HOT SUR-
FACES WITHOUT PROPER PROTECTION.
Oil Slinger Installation

Put a minimum ½-inch (13mm) diameter rod through the slinger. Do not mar slinger surfaces, and be
careful of its sharp outer edge. Suspend the slinger and heat it with a small torch.
When it glows yellow (about 400°F or 204°C), slip it over the drive end of the crankshaft. Hold the
slinger in place with high temperature gloves or two pieces of clean wood. Rotate it slightly to ensure
PAGE 4-32 3/11

squareness, until it cools enough to shrink onto the crankshaft. DO NOT TOUCH HOT SURFACES
WITHOUT PROPER PROTECTION.
Chain Sprocket Removal

Examine the sprocket carefully for wear. Sprockets operating for five Hit here with
years or more may require replacement. Drill a hole in the sprocket hub chisel and
hammer
parallel to the shaft centerline and big enough to remove most of the hub
cross section (see Fig. 4-39). DO NOT touch shaft with drill. Mark the
drill with tape to avoid drilling through the sprocket and into the crank-
shaft face. The hole relieves most of the shrink, and a few radial strikes
with a hammer and chisel opens the sprocket enough for easy removal.
FIGURE 4-39 Crankshaft
Chain Sprocket - Typical
Chain Sprocket Installation
Suspend the sprocket with a wire and heat it with a small torch. When it glows yellow (about 400°F or
204°C), slip it over the auxiliary end of the crankshaft. Hold the sprocket in place with high tempera-
ture gloves or two pieces of clean wood. Rotate it slightly to ensure squareness, until it cools enough
to shrink onto the crankshaft. DO NOT TOUCH HOT SURFACES WITHOUT PROPER PROTEC-
TION.
Main Bearing Removal/Installation with Crankshaft Removed

1. Do not remove a main bearing cap simply to check bearing wear. Remove cap only to install a
new bearing. DO NOT REUSE BEARING SHELLS. To determine bearing wear, check actual
jack and crankshaft thrust clearances against clearance limits of Table B-1 in Appendix B (see
Fig. 4-40 and Fig. 4-41).
2. Notches in the frame and bearing cap for the bearing tabs help to position the bearing halves ini-
tially and maintain the position. Check new bearing shells for damage, scratches, burrs, and
loose material at the tab. DO NOT RUB BEARING SURFACE WITH FINGERNAIL. Installation
requires perfectly clean bearing shells. New bearing shells are stamped with ink pictographs of a
frame or connecting rod, for main and connecting rods bearings respectively.
3. Old bearing halves slide out easily, tab end first. Verify both the main bearing saddles and crank-
shaft are absolutely clean, and free from nicks and burrs. Slide in new bearings untabbed end
first, and snap them into place. Locate tabs in the bearing saddle and bearing cap notches.
NOTE: Main bearings and connecting rod bearings are not interchangeable. Do not put con-
necting rod bearings in main bearing locations.
Main Bearings Removal/Installation with Crankshaft in Place

CAUTION: To prevent personal injury, verify neither driver nor compressor cylinder gas
pressure can turn the crankshaft during maintenance: on engine-driven compressors,
the packager for assistance. After maintenance, purge the entire system with gas prior to
operation to avoid a potentially explosive air/gas mixture.
1. Remove top cover and spacer bars. TIP: If spacer bar bolts are difficult to remove, use a 12-point
hammer wrench. Spacer bars slide in and should slide out by hand without falling out or hammer-
ing. If too loose or too tight, contact your packager or Ariel before proceeding.
3/11 PAGE 4-33

2. Detach connecting rods and move them to their full outer position (see “Connecting Rods” on
page 4-28). Do not damage the crosshead guide surfaces.
3. Remove main (journal) bearing caps capscrews. Pull caps straight up to prevent damage to the
dowel fit. If cap is tight, use a bearing cap puller (see Fig. 4-37).
4. If needed, attach clean nylon straps around the crankshaft and lift it slightly to lessen weight on
the bearings and allow easier bearing shell disassembly.
5. Remove shells from main bearing caps. Remove main journal bearing shells from under the
crankshaft one at a time. To remove, rotate shell under the crankshaft, tab side out first, by push-
ing or tapping with a non-metallic tool on the opposite split face side. Once completely loose, use
Ariel optional tool (part number B-3340 or fabricated from a print supplied by Ariel) to push out
shell a little. Do not damage crankshaft bearing surfaces. Replace with new bearing shell, prior to
rotating out the next main bearing shell, see steps below).
6. Clean and dry main bearing cap to bearing surfaces.
7. Check new bearing shells for damage, scratches, burrs, and loose material at the tab. DO NOT
RUB BEARING SURFACE WITH FINGERNAIL. Installation requires perfectly clean bearing
shells. New bearing shells are stamped with ink pictographs of a frame or connecting rod, for
main and connecting rod bearings respectively. Do not mix them up. Install bearing shells in
caps, and frame journals, properly located in the tab notch, (rotate in the untabbed end first),
keeping the backs of the shells dry and clean.
NOTE: Main bearings and connecting rod bearings are not interchangeable. Do not put
main bearings in connecting rod bearing locations. Do not mix part numbers on an indi-
vidual main or connecting rod. Both bearing half shells must have the same part number.
8. Replace bearing cap #1 thrust plates if crankshaft thrust clearance is not within tolerance.
9. Oil crankshaft bearing surfaces with the same clean lubricating oil used in the frame.
10. Install bearing caps containing new bearing top halves with capscrews lightly snugged in their
proper locations. Install thrust plates on #1 bearing cap. Starting at the thrust end, use the torque
procedure and Table A-3 in Appendix A to tighten the bearing cap bolts to the correct torque.
Bearing caps have position match-marks corresponding with the spacer bar and spacer bar
bosses on the frame.
11. Verify proper alignment of bearing cap dowels with the holes in the crankcase base. A set screw
on top of each dowel prevents it from backing out.
12. Check crankshaft journal bearing jack (at each bearing) and crankshaft thrust clearances to val-
ues in Table B-1 in Appendix B (see Fig. 4-40). Record readings on a copy of the form in Appen-
dix D.
13. Install new connecting rod bearings and reattach connecting rods (see “Connecting Rod Installa-
tion” on page 4-30). Tighten fasteners to torque values in Table A-3 in Appendix A. Check con-
necting rod bearing jack and thrust clearances (see “Connecting Rod Bearing Removal and
Installation” on page 4-28). Record readings on a copy of the form in Appendix D.
14. If readings are not within tolerance after installing new bearings, contact your packager or Ariel
before proceeding.
15. Install spacer bars so the match mark is up and next to the spacer bar boss with the same mark.
Tighten all spacer-bar capscrews to value in Table A-3 in Appendix A.
16. Account for all tools, equipment, supplies, and parts to ensure none are left inside the crankcase.
future removal. Reinstall gaskets and top cover(s). Tighten cover bolts hand wrench tight.
17. Replace coupling spacer to packager's recommendations or remove lockout.
18. After replacing bearings, thoroughly pre-lube compressor to ensure bearing lubrication and to
help remove foreign materials from the lube system.
PAGE 4-34 3/11

19. Run then shutdown the compressor for ten minutes, one hour, and four hour run times. After
each shutdown, remove the frame top cover. Check bearing cap temperatures with a hand held
thermocouple probe or infrared thermometer and record on a copy of the form in Appendix D. DO
NOT PLACE ANY PART OF YOUR BODY INSIDE THE CRANKCASE WITHOUT OBSERVING
THE CAUTION ON PAGE 4-33. Complete remaining information on the form in Appendix D and
fax it to Ariel Technical Services.
Main Bearings - Checking Clearances

1. Do not remove main bearing caps to check bearing wear. If a cap is removed, replace the bear-
ing. DO NOT REUSE BEARING SHELLS.
2. To determine main bearing wear, compare journal bearing vertical jack (at each bearing) and
crankshaft thrust clearances against clearance limits in Table B-1 in Appendix B. Use calibrated
dial indicators with 0.0005 inch (0.005 mm) increments and magnetic stands to check clear-
ances. To measure main bearing vertical jack clearances:
• Turn an adjacent throw up, as shown in Fig. 4-40.
• Place lifting strap completely around the crankshaft at the adjacent web and attach strap to a
crane.
• Install a magnetic stand on the top of the main bearing cap, with a needle type dial indicator
placed against the top of the crankshaft web of the adjacent turned up throw.
• Gently lift crankshaft with crane until dial indicator needle stops moving.
• Repeat for each main bearing.
Dial indicator magnetic stand place- Needle-type dial indicator placement Lifting strap placement around crank-
ment on top of a main bearing cap on top of adjacent crankshaft web. shaft web - attach strap to a crane.
FIGURE 4-40 Measuring Crankshaft Journal Bearing Vertical Jack Clearance - Typical
3. To measure crankshaft thrust clearance:

• Install a magnetic stand on the top of #1 main bearing cap, with a button type dial indicator
placed against the side of the adjacent crankshaft web, see Fig. 4-41.
• Thrust crankshaft back and forth with a pry bar against the compressor frame, until an accurate
reading is obtained.
• If thrust clearance is out of limits, replace thrust plates at #1 main bearing cap.
3/11 PAGE 4-35

Dial indicator magnetic stand place- Button type dial indicator placement Use large pry bar against compressor
ment on top of main bearing cap. against the side of crankshaft web. frame to thrust crankshaft back and
forth.
FIGURE 4-41 Measuring Crankshaft Thrust Clearance - Typical
4. After new bearing installation, compare jack and thrust clearances against clearance limits in
Table B-1 in Appendix B.
Crankshaft Installation
1. Verify correct new main bearing half shells positioned in the frame saddles, absolute cleanness,
and bearing surfaces lubricated with clean crankcase oil.
2. Move connecting rods to full outer position. If the piston rods are still attached to the crossheads,
the heads and wiper packing gland may need repositioned so the rods clear the crankshaft.
While the crankshaft lowers very slowly into the crankcase (suspended by a crane with a clean
nylon sling), one man wearing clean gloves should grasp the drive end and slowly manuever the
drive end and auxiliary end straight down into the crankcase. Both drive end and auxiliary end
journals should touch the bottom bearing shells at the same time.
3. When the crankshaft rests on the bottom bearing shells, lubricate upper crankshaft pin bearing
surfaces with new clean crankcase oil and install bearing caps (with their correct bearing half
shells in place) with the capscrews lightly snugged. Use the torque recommendations in Appen-
dix A to tighten the bolts to the torque listed in Table A-3. Bearing caps are match-marked to cor-
respond with the spacer bar and spacer bar bosses on the frame.
4. Verify bearing cap dowel alignment with crankcase base holes. A set screw on top of each dowel
prevents it from backing out.
5. Before connecting rod installation, measure each crankshaft journal bearing jack clearance with
a dial indicator (see procedure on page 4-35 and allowable clearances in Table B-1 in Appendix
B).
6. Reattach connecting rods (See “Connecting Rod Installation” on page 4-30), packing dia-
phragms, and unloaders/head end heads.
7. Reinstall chain drive. (See “Chain Drive System” on page 4-39).
8. Replace spacer bars. Locate spacer bar match mark. Install spacer bar so the match mark is up
and next to the spacer bar boss with the same marking.
9. Lubricate both sides of cover gaskets with anti-sieze lubricant or multi-purpose grease to ease
future removal. Install new end cover gaskets. With a knife, trim excess from new end cover gas-
kets flush to the base after re-bolting end covers.
10. Examine top cover gasket. If there is doubt about its condition, install a new gasket. Reinstall top
cover. Reinstall coupling hub (if removed) and the coupling disk pack to coupling manufacturer
instructions.
PAGE 4-36 3/11

Torsional Vibration Detuner Installation on Crankshaft

Torsional vibration in reciprocating compressors is a critical consideration. To avoid resonance at natural
frequencies in a given application, a qualified torsional vibration analyst working closely with the pack-
ager, driver manufacturer, and Ariel may determine the drive train requires torsional detuning.
Depending on torsional vibration analysis (TVA) results, the compressor crankshaft may be equipped
with or require the addition of torsional vibration detuners. A torsional vibration detuner is a donut
shaped weight that installs centered on the crankshaft spreader section. Four-throw crankshafts
have one spreader section, while 6-throw crankshafts have two referred to as “Aux End” and “Drive
End”. Detuners add mass in the appropriate amount and location to change the crankshaft natural
frequency and avoid resonance at operating speed. A given application may require one or more
detuners. Detuners are sized specifically for the compressor and application, and custom-bored for
installation on a specific compressor crankshaft spreader section. Do not order or install detuners
unless specifically required by the TVA report. Improperly tuned compressor packages can
cause catastrophic failure, major property damage, and personal injury.
When detuners are required, contact the Ariel Response Center and request Ariel Engineering Ref-
erence ER-42 "Determining Detuner Inside Diameter".
CAUTION: Detuner parts are heavy. Ariel recommends at least two people perform several
of the steps below to avoid personal injury or equipment damage.
To install torsional vibration detuners on Ariel crankshafts: Remove shim.
1. Verify the correct number, type, and mounting location of 2 1

detuner(s) for the specific application. Ariel, the driver manu-
facturer, the packager, and the torsional analyst cooperatively 3
develop this information. The analyst provides a detailed loca-
tion in the TVA report.
2. A finished detuner has a custom-finished bore with identifica- 4
tion stamping. The stamping includes part number, the
instruction "Mount this face toward coupling" on both halves,
final bore dimensions, the words “Aux End” or “Drive End” for
crankshafts with two spreader sections, and frame serial num-
ber (or crankshaft serial number and nominal crankshaft diam-
eter). Verify this information is on the detuner and that it 1 2
correlates with the compressor and crankshaft. If this informa-
tion is in question or missing, contact Ariel before proceeding. Remove shim.
Detuners are not interchangeable for use on other crank-
1. Capscrew 3. Identification
shafts, including replacement crankshafts. Stamping
2. Bolt Head
3. Remove Capscrews and discard the two shims located Notch 4. Eyebolt Hole
between the joints of the new detuner.
FIGURE 4-42 Detuner - Typical
4. Clean each detuner part thoroughly to remove any dirt or for-
eign material.
5. Remove crankcase top cover.
6. Wipe crankshaft spreader section clean and dry.
7. If possible, use an overhead crane to handle detuners. For easy hoisting, install a forged steel
eyebolt in the threaded hole on the outside diameter of the detuner near the Bolt Head Notch
(see Fig. 4-42). If a crane is unavailable, use two people to lift and position the detuner halves
during installation.
8. Lower one detuner half onto the top of the crankshaft spreader section. Use extreme care to
avoid nicking or scratching the crankshaft. If not using a crane, take care to prevent personal
3/11 PAGE 4-37

injury during this operation.

9. Position the other detuner half on top of the crankshaft spreader section beside the first half.
Position it in the same direction as the first; the bolt head notches for both halves should be on
the same side of the crankshaft.
10. Rotate one detuner half 90° around the crankshaft. Hold this half securely, preferably with a
crane, then rotate the second half around the crankshaft 90° in the opposite direction.
11. Move one or both detuner halves axially along the crankshaft until the bolt holes align. Lubricate
threads and bolt-head seating surfaces with oil or Lubriplate 630, then install the top Capscrew to
finger tight.
12. If only one detuner is required, center it on Detuner(s) centered in spreader section
the crankshaft spreader section. If two or unless TVA specifies otherwise.
Spreader Section
more detuners are required, center them
in contact with each other on the crank-
shaft spreader section, as shown in the
figure to the right.
NOTE: The TVA report may specify a
FIGURE 4-43 Detuner Location - Typical
different location for the detuner(s).
13. Rotate the detuner 180° and remove lifting eyebolts, if used. Install the remaining detuner Cap-
screw and tighten it to finger tight.
14. Alternating from one side of the detuner to the other, tighten each capscrew to the appropriate
torque in Table A-3 in Appendix A. Rotate crankshaft 180° for easy access to each capscrew for
tightening.
15. Proper installation and fastener torque yields a gap between the detuner halves on both sides.
Confirm the gap with feeler stock. If there is no gap, determine and correct the cause prior to
starting the compressor.
16. Remove all tools and other materials, then replace crankcase top cover. Lubricate and tighten
top cover capscrews hand wrench tight.
Installation is now complete. See the Ariel Maintenance and Repair Guide and the Packager's
Operation Manual for complete startup information for this compressor model. If the unit is to remain
idle for more than two weeks, protect the unit according to Ariel instructions ER-25.
PAGE 4-38 3/11

Chain Drive System

Description - JGH:E:K:T/2/4 Force Feed
Lubricator Eccentric
The chain drive system is crankshaft-driven at Sprocket Adjustment
the auxiliary end of the frame. The chain runs the
lube oil pump and force feed lubricator. An idler Inspection
sprocket attached to the eccentric adjustment Plug in
Auxiliary
cap controls chain tightness. The chain dips into End Cover
the crankcase oil for constant lubrication. See
Fig. 4-44. Crankshaft
Sprocket
Description - JGE:K:T/6
The chain drive system is crankshaft-driven at Plastic
Lube Oil Pump Dust Plug
the auxiliary end of the frame. One chain runs the Sprocket
lube oil pump and another runs the force feed Chain
lubricator. Control chain tightness by idler sprock-
ets attached to the eccentric adjustment caps. FIGURE 4-44 Chain Drive System JGH:E:K:T/2/4
The lube oil drive chain dips into the crankcase
oil and splash action oils the force feed lubricator
chain as well.
Part replacement that may change crankshaft Force Feed
drive sprocket position (i.e. crankshaft, drive Lubricator
sprocket, thrust plates), and/or loss of the as- Sprocket
built sprocket position on driven components, Force Feed
may require repositioning the eccentric, lube oil Lubricator
Chain
pump, and force feed lubricator sprockets. Cen-
ter crankshaft in end play. With a good straight Force Feed
edge, verify that sprockets align within 1/32 inch Lubricator
(1mm). Or use a good machinist rule to measure Eccentric
Adjustment
the distance between the inside face of the auxil-
iary end cover to the near faces of the crankshaft Lube Oil
drive sprockets. Check driven sprockets in the Eccentric
Adjustment
chain drive system against the measured dimen-
sions at crankshaft drive sprockets. Crankshaft
Sprockest Lube Oil Pump
Take care when measuring and adjusting the Chain
force feed idler sprocket; it is thinner than the
force feed lubricator and drive sprockets. To cen- Lube Oil Pump
ter the idler sprockets in the chain, subtract the Sprocket
force feed idler sprocket thickness from the drive
sprocket thickness and divide the difference by FIGURE 4-45 Chain Drive System JGE:K:T/6 -
2. Add this value to the measurement from the Typical (Standard Rotation)
inside face of the auxiliary end cover to the out-
side face of the force feed idler sprocket. Adjust the driven sprockets to the drive sprocket measure-
ments to be aligned within 1/32 inch (1mm). Non-alignment may require disassembly and shimming
the eccentrics.
3/11 PAGE 4-39

Chain Adjustment
1. Roll the crankshaft to the tightest posi-
tion of the chain. This prevents snug- Straight
Edge
ging the chain at a slack position and
breaking rollers, or ruining the pump
2 to 10 lb
and lubricator bearings when the chain (9 to 45 N)
goes through its tightest position. Finger
Pressure
2. Use a tape measure to measure the
longest most easily accessible span
Machinist’s
from sprocket center to sprocket cen- Scale
ter, where the deflection will be
gauged. Determine allowable deflec- Span
tion limits for the measured span as Length
defined by the shaded areas in
Fig. 4-47.
3. Measure chain deflection from a
straight edge held on the chain rollers
where it wraps over the two sprockets
of the span. Use a machinist’s scale
with 0.01 inch or (0.5 mm) increments FIGURE 4-46 Chain Deflection Measurement - Typical
to measure the deflection distance
from the straight edge to a chain roller at the center of the span. Apply a force of 2 to 10 lb (9 to
45 N) finger pressure to take the slack out of the chain. Do not apply excessive force since a
force feed lube box drive shaft can bend and provide an inaccurate deflection measurement. Fin-
ger pressure is adequate.
4. If adjustment is required, remove the capscrews and plastic plugs from the eccentric cap. Rotate
the cap clockwise to line up the first two new capscrew holes. If this tightens the chain too much,
turn the cap counterclockwise for a different hole alignment.
5. Replace and tighten the two capscrews hand wrench tight.
6. Roll crankshaft to check tightness in several positions. At its tightest position, the chain should
deflect within the shaded limits in the figures below. Replace plastic caps to keep holes clean.
1.00 (25)
0.90 (23)
0.80 (20)
0.70 (18)
Permissible
Deflection
0.60 (15)
Deflection
n
0.50 (13)
fle ctio
x. De
0.40 (10) Ma
ction
Defle
0.30 (8) Min.
0.20 (5)
0.10 (3)
0.00
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
(51) (76) (102) (127) (152) (178) (203) (229) (254) (279) (305) (330) (356) (381) (406) (432) (457)
Length of Measured Span
FIGURE 4-47 Allowable Chain Deflection, Inches (mm)
PAGE 4-40 3/11

Chain and Sprocket Replacement

Replace chain(s) if elongation exceeds 0.084 inches (2.13 mm) over a 10 pitch length. Measure the
section of chain with vernier calipers while it is stretched tight in position in the compressor. Add a
reading outside the rollers at 10 pitches to a reading between the inside of the same rollers, and then
divide by two. If the result exceeds 5.084 inches (129.1 mm) for 1/2 pitch chain, replace the chain.
Replace sprockets showing any undercutting.
Chain Idler Sprockets Replacement (Eccentric Adjustment Caps)

1. Chain idler sprocket loca-
Capscrew (2)
tion varies for standard
rotation (clockwise, when Through
Plain Bolt
viewed at the drive end,
Washer
standing at the coupling)
versus reverse rotation. Self
Lock Nut
2. Remove frame top cover.
Remove the two cap-
Stat-O-
screws holding eccentric Seal-
adjustment cap to end
cover. Rotate eccentric Oil O-Ring before assembly Sprocket
cap to loosen chain for JGE:K:T/6 Lube Oil Pump JGE:K:T/6 Force Feed
removal. Drop the chain Chain Idler Lubricator Chain Idler
off the idler sprocket and JGH:E:K:T/2/4 Chain Idler
remove the entire assem-
bly from the end cover. FIGURE 4-48 Chain Idler Sprockets (Eccentrics)
3. Remove and discard lock nut, hex capscrew, Stat-O-Seal washer, and cap O-ring.
4. Reassemble new capscrew, Stat-O-Seal washer, sprocket, and lock nut. Tighten idler lock nut to
recommended torque in Table A-3 in Appendix A.
5. Apply oil and install a new O-ring. Install the assembly and chain. Adjust the chain according to
“Chain Adjustment” on page 4-40.
Lube Oil Pump Sprocket Replacement

1. Remove all pump piping. Gaskets
Remove fasteners from
pump mounting flange. After Set Screws
chain removal, the pump with
sprocket comes free through
the end cover hole.
2. To position the new sprocket, Square
Key
use a machinist rule to mea-
sure the exact distance from
sprocket drive face to pump
mounting flange face. Note
this measurement for future Sprocket
Pump
reference.
Adapter
3. With the oil pump on a FIGURE 4-49 Lube Oil Pump Chain Sprocket - Typical
bench, use an Allen Wrench
to remove the sprocket set
screws, then pull the sprocket from its shaft.
4. Remove the square key, 3/16 x 1 inches (4.8 x 25 mm), from the shaft and file the shaft to smooth
burrs raised by the set screw cup point.
3/11 PAGE 4-41

5. Install a new square key, 3/16 x 1 inches (4.8 x 25 mm). First verify it fits into the new sprocket. If
too thick, polish the key with an emery cloth on a flat surface until it easily slides into the notch.
The top edge may also require a little filing.
6. Install new sprocket to the original measurement between the sprocket drive face and the pump
mounting flange face. When in position, tighten set screws.
7. Lubricate both sides of cover gaskets with anti-sieze lubricant or multi-purpose grease to ease
future removal. Install new end cover gaskets.
8. Reinstall pump onto end cover. Using a straight edge, to within 1/32 inch (1 mm), check align-
ment to crankshaft drive sprocket with crankshaft centered in end play. If misaligned, adjust
sprocket position as needed.
9. Adjust chain according to “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-40.
10. Reinstall all piping to pump.
Force Feed Lubricator Chain Sprocket Replacement

1. With a good machinist rule, mea- 1. Force Feed
sure exact distance from inside face Lubricator
of auxiliary end cover to near face 2. O-Ring (oil
before assembly) 1
of lubricator sprocket. Note mea-
3. Sprocket
surement for proper positioning of
4. No. 204 Woodruff 2 3
new sprocket. Remove chain. Key
2. Remove sprocket set screw and 5. Set Screw
sprocket. Detach all tubing to lubri- 6. Mounting Flange 4
Capscrews (4)
cator.
3. Remove the four mounting bracket FIGURE 4-50 6 5
capscrews and lubricator. Typical Force
Feed Lubricator
4. With the lubricator on the bench,
remove Woodruff Key from shaft
and file shaft to remove burrs raised by set screw cup point. Oil and install a new O-ring.
5. Install a new Woodruff Key after verifying it fits into the new sprocket. If too thick, polish it with an
emery cloth on a flat surface until it easily slides into the notch. The top edge may also require a
little filing.
6. After new key installation, verify new sprocket fits, oil new O-ring, and remount lubricator to the
end cover.
7. Slide new sprocket onto the shaft and set to dimension measured in step 2. Tighten set screw.
8. Using a straight edge, to within 1/32 inch (mm), check alignment to crankshaft drive sprocket with
crankshaft centered in end play. When aligning this sprocket with the idler sprocket, take into
account that the idler sprocket is thinner than the other sprockets. If misaligned, adjust sprocket
position as needed.
9. Install chain and adjust according to “Chain Adjustment” on page 4-40.
10. Re-attach all tubing to lubricator.
PAGE 4-42 3/11

Ethylene Glycol Contamination

Compressor ethylene glycol contamination can result from water-cooled compressor rod packing or
oil cooler.
Ethylene glycol anti-freeze coolant mixture leaking into the compressor crankcase oil can cause
crankshaft seizure due to lack of adequate lubrication. Change crankcase oil as recommended in
Section 3, and routinely sample it and have a qualified lab analyze it for suitability for continued use
and ethylene glycol contamination.
Even small quantities of ethylene glycol in the oil can be detrimental. For contamination less than
5%, drain oil, replace filters, and flush oil system with a 50-50 mixture of butoxyethanol (Dow Chem-
ical Co. Dowanol EB or equal) and 10W oil using a motor driven pump. Flush only warm compres-
sors. Flush bearings continuously for 1/2 hour while barring over compressor. Flush all surfaces that
contact crankcase oil, which includes spraying all interior surfaces in the crankcase. Completely
drain cleaning mixture, including all oil system components. Repeat flushing with a 60/40 mixture of
10W oil and kerosene or fuel oil. Completely drain system, install new filters, and fill crankcase with
proper oil. Find and repair the coolant leak.
If sampling indicates glycol contamination greater than 5% or compressor seizes due to contamina-
tion, tear down the unit, clean it with 100% butoxyethanol, flush it with kerosene or fuel oil, and repair
it. Clean all surfaces that contact crankcase oil with butoxyethanol, including all passages and piping,
and then flush with kerosene or fuel oil. Change oil and filters. Find and repair the coolant leak.
CAUTION: Butoxyethanol presents health and safety hazards. Use proper eye and skin
protection and adequate ventilation. Do not use near open flame or sparks. See manufac-
turer Material Safety Data Sheet for complete details. Use a chemical disposal service to
properly dispose of ethylene glycol, butoxyethanol, contaminated oils, and solvents.
Component Cleaning and Thread Lube for Non-

Lube Compressor Cylinders
Ariel cleans and protects complete non-lube cylinders to non-lube service requirements. Clean all
internal parts shipped loose, contaminated internal surfaces, and repair parts prior to installation, to
extend the life of rings and non-lube compressors.
Clean cylinder bore thoroughly with denatured alcohol until a clean, alcohol-soaked, white paper
towel removes no more debris. This includes all surfaces of the bore, counter bore, valve pockets,
etc. Do not use Never-Seez on steel gaskets. Apply only a very light film of oil to cylinder seating sur-
faces to seal O-rings.
CAUTION: Denatured alcohol presents health and safety hazards. It contains methyl alco-
hol and is poisonous if ingested. Avoid eye and skin contact. Keep alcohol away from heat,
sparks, flame and all other ignition sources. Use adequate ventilation, neoprene or butyl
gloves, mono-goggles or face-mask and impermeable apron. Handle and dispose of mate-
rials resulting from clean-up in a proper manner. See manufacturer's Material Safety Data
Sheets for more details.
Do not use any lubricants or anti-seize compounds on parts that may contact the gas stream.
Use very small amounts of Never-Seez regular grade on nut and collar when assembling piston
assembly. Thoroughly clean piston (especially the ring grooves) with denatured alcohol until a clean,
alcohol-soaked towel removes no more debris.
Disassemble packing case. Wipe all surfaces clean with denatured alcohol. Re-assemble. When the
packing case is water cooled, re-assemble and test to “Water-Cooled Piston Rod Packing” on page
4-23. Handle cleaned parts with new or clean "rubber" or new white cotton gloves.
3/11 PAGE 4-43

Before piston rod installation, wipe it with denatured alcohol. Be careful not to leave fingerprints on
the rod before it contacts the packing rings. Wipe the rod with denatured alcohol after installation.
Clean the head end head or unloader components with denatured alcohol. Use minimal amounts of
oil for the bolt-holes to ensure oil does not run into the cylinder. Also install the head end steel gasket
without Never-Seez.
Disassemble and clean the valves with denatured alcohol, then re-assemble, wipe them again, and
install. Clean retainers and high clearance assemblies with denatured alcohol. Use only a thin film of
oil for the valve cap O-rings and bolt-holes.
Assemble cleaned parts immediately to avoid contamination and corrosion. If cylinder will not com-
mence immediate service, contact Ariel for preservation instructions to ER-34.
PAGE 4-44 3/11

Section 5 - Start Up
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data and Start
Up Check Lists for JG:A:M:N:P:Q:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D
Reciprocating Compressors
The following forms are designed to ensure a successful start-up of smaller Ariel reciprocating com-
pressor models. Ariel warranty coverage requires these completed forms sent to:
Administrative Assistant - Sales, Ariel Corporation
35 Blackjack Road • Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050 USA
Phone: 740-397-0311 • FAX: 740-397-3856
Warranty Notification - Installation List Data

Date:__________________ Name: __________________________________________________
Unassigned Resale Direct Sale Lease-Purchase Rental/Lease Unit
Compressor Frame
Frame Model:___________________________ Frame Serial #:_________________________________
Frame Lubricant Make and Grade:___________________________________________________________
Package Startup Date:_________________________
Distributor/Fabricator
Company:__________________________________ Name:_________________________________
Address:__________________________________________________________________________
City:_______________________ State:_____ Zip:_______________ Country:____________________
Fabricator Unit Number:_______________________________________
Application
Air/Nitrogen CNG/GNC FPSO Gathering Fuel Gas Booster
Refrigeration Pipeline PRC Injection Storage/Withdrawal Miscellaneous
Elevation:_____________________________
H2S%:_____________ CO2%:_____________ Specific Gravity:_____________ Non-Lube: Yes No
3/11 PAGE 5-1

Section 5 - Start Up For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Unit Location
Customer Name:_____________________________________________________________________
Project/Lease Name: __________________________________________________________________

Closest Town:__________________ State:_____ Country:__________________ Offshore: Yes No
Directions to Location or GPS:______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Customer Contact Person:__________________________________ Contact Phone:____________________
Contact Email:_________________________________________________ OK to contact: Yes No
Driver
Driver Manufacturer:_______________________________________ Driver Model:___________________
Driver Type:_____________________ Applied RPM:______________ Name Plate HP (kW):______________
Coupling Manufacturer:___________________________________ Coupling Model:___________________
Compressor Cylinders and Operating Conditions

Cylinder Stage Throw Serial Bore Dia. Inlet Temp. Inlet Pres. Disc. Temp. Disc. Pres.
Class Number Number Number In. (mm) °F (°C) psig (Barg) °F (°C) psig (Barg)
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ _____________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
Cylinder Lubricant Make and Grade:__________________________________________________________
Documentation and Accessories

Check all items included in the shipment:
Technical Manual Yes No Recommended Spares List Yes No
Start-Up Spare Parts Yes No Unit Start and Stop Procedures Yes No
Toolbox w/Ariel Tools Yes No Toolbox with Hydraulic Tools Yes No (Optional)
Unit Parts List Yes No Toolbox with SAE Hand Tools Yes No (Optional)
PAGE 5-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 5 - Start Up
START-UP CHECK LIST - ITEMS TO CHECK IN THE FIELD AT COMMISSIONING

Description Date Checked Date Verified
1. Check and verify the top cover data plate of the compres-
sor frame for compressor design limitations such as rod Commissioning Agent:
Distributor:___________
load, maximum and minimum speed, and maximum lube __________________
oil temperature.
2. Check and verify the availability of correct start-up spares,
hand tools, special tools, compressor parts list and draw- Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
ings, and technical manuals at installation.
3. Check and verify the Ariel lube sheet and Lubrication
Specification matches the recommended oil grade and vis- Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
cosity for the service.
4. Check and verify all lube oil piping cleanliness per Ariel
Commissioning Agent:
lubrication specifications (see Technical Manual, Section __________________ Distributor:___________
4).
5. Verify lube oil storage and supply line cleanliness per
ER-56.06. Verify crankcase oil supply isolation valve is __________________ Distributor:___________
open.
6. Verify prelube piping cleanliness per ER-56.06 and correct Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
circuit operation. __________________
7. Verify there is an oil cooler and high temperature shut- Commissioning Agent:
down for the oil into the compressor frame. __________________
8. Verify whether the temperature control valve installation is Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
blending or diverting (blending preferred). _____________ __________________
9. Check compressor crankcase oil level controller for proper Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
installation, operation, levelness, and venting. __________________
10. If applicable, check cooling water circuit cleanliness for the

oil cooler and cooled packing per Technical Manual. Verify Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
correct routing and test pump rotation. Set pressure appro- __________________
priately per Technical Manual and leak test.
11. Verify correct filter element installation. Prime the oil filter Commissioning Agent:
element and all lube oil piping with oil. __________________
12. Verify proper compressor crankcase oil level before start- Commissioning Agent:
ing (about 7/8 full in site glass). __________________
13. Verify correct installation of a low oil pressure shutdown Commissioning Agent:
tubed to the downstream side of the oil filter. __________________
14. Operate pre-lube system. __________________ Distributor:___________
15. OPTIONAL STEP: Record “out of plane” readings (pre-grout) - see ER-82.
Drive End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Auxiliary End
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
__________________
16. Record soft foot readings. More than 0.002 inches (0.05 mm) pull-down on any frame foot requires cor-
rection. See Technical Manual.
Drive End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Auxiliary End
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
__________________
3/11 PAGE 5-3


17. Check crosshead guide shimming for correct pre-load and Commissioning Agent:
hold down bolt torque. __________________
18. Record piston end clearances with feeler gages (see Technical Manual, Appendix B).
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Head End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Crank End _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NOTE: Pre-lube compressor before turning crank- Commissioning Agent:
shaft. __________________
19. Measure and record rod run out (see Technical Manual, Section 5 for maximum acceptable readings).
Throw 1 2 3 4 5 6
Vertical:
Piston @ CE _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Mid-Stroke _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Piston @ HE _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Horizontal:
Piston @ CE _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Mid-Stroke _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Piston @ HE _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NOTE: Pre-lube compressor before turning crank- Commissioning Agent:
shaft. __________________
20. Measure crosshead clearances with cylinders mounted.

To check top, insert 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) wide feelers from
one side edge across to the opposite side, at both ends.
See Technical Manual, Appendix B for limits. To check bot-
tom, insert a 0.0015 inches (0.038 mm) feeler at the four
corners; feeler should insert no more than 0.50 (13 mm).
Record feeler values below:
Throw Top Min. Top Max. Bottom Max. (Corners) Commissioning Agent:
__________________
1 _________ _________ _________
2 _________ _________ _________
3 _________ _________ _________
4 _________ _________ _________
5 _________ _________ _________
6 _________ _________ _________
21. For electric motor drivers, check and verify the motor shaft
is set at its magnetic center before positioning axial clear- Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
ance. With the coupling disconnected, check and verify __________________
driver rotation matches the compressor rotation arrow.
22. Check coupling bolt torque to coupling manufacturer Commissioning Agent:
recommendations. __________________
PAGE 5-4 3/11


23. Check and verify compressor to driver alignment (installed
on site, cold). Record dial indicator readings in inches
(mm) at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions or attach align-
ment tool print-out.
Face Rim __________________
If using a laser alignment tool, make a print out and

attach it to this document.
24. Check and verify compressor crankshaft thrust clearance.
The shaft should remain stationary after thrusting each Commissioning Agent:
direction (see Technical Manual, Clearances). Distributor:___________
__________________
______________ ______________
START-UP CHECK LIST - PROCESS PIPING VENTS AND DRAINS

1. Verify the bottle and process pipe installation contains no
bolt bound flanges or elevation differences that may stress Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
the compressor cylinders
2. Verify cold adjustment of any bottle or cylinder supports. __________________ Distributor:___________
3. Verify correct inlet screen orientation in process piping. __________________ Distributor:___________
4. Check and verify vents and drains of the primary and sec-
ondary packing-case and the crosshead distance piece __________________ Distributor:___________
are open and tubed to a safe atmosphere.
5. Check and verify safety relief valve installation to protect Commissioning Agent:
cylinders, piping, and cooler for each compression stage. __________________
6. Record method of suction pressure control and valve size. Commissioning Agent:
__________________ ___________________ __________________
7. Check and verify crankcase breather element is open to Commissioning Agent:

atmosphere and clean. __________________
8. Check and verify torque to spec on all gas containment
and other fasteners where loosening may result in a safety
hazard or equipment failure including: gas nozzle flanges, Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
valve caps, cylinder heads, compressor rod packing, and
crosshead guide support. See ER-63.
3/11 PAGE 5-5

START-UP CHECK LIST - INSTRUMENTATION

1. Check and verify the set point for the high compressor oil Commissioning Agent:
temperature shutdown at 190°F (88°C) maximum. __________________
2. Check and verify proper vibration shutdown installation

and operation. Record alarm and shut down settings.
________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
3. Verify operation of suction pressure, inter-stage pressure,
and discharge pressure shutdowns. Record alarm and
shutdown settings.
________________________________________ Commissioning Agent:
________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
4. Verify gas discharge temperature shutdowns operation.
Record alarm and shutdown settings.
________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
5. Check, verify, and record the over speed setting. Commissioning Agent:
_____________________ __________________
START-UP CHECK LIST - FORCE FEED LUBRICATION SYSTEM

1. Check and verify force feed lubricator box for proper oil Commissioning Agent:
level. __________________
2. Prime the force feed lubrication system through the purge

port at the force feed pump discharge manifold. Check and Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
verify each tube connection for tightness
3. Check and verify operation of force feed lubrication system Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
no flow shutdowns. __________________
4. Record color of force feed blow out discs (see Customer

Technical Bulletin CTB-137 for disc ratings). Commissioning Agent:
__________________
________________
5. Check, verify, and record recommended lube feed rates
from lubricator data plate or “Parts Book” Cylinder Lubrica- Commissioning Agent:
tion sheet. Distributor:___________
__________________
____________________
PAGE 5-6 3/11

FINAL PRE-START CHECK LIST

1. Operate pre-lube system. Record pre-lube pressure.
______________________
2. For engine driven units, disable the ignition and roll the
engine with the starter to check and verify the compressor Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
rolls freely. Check and verify oil pressure increases notice- __________________
ably while rolling on the starter.
3. For electric motors, bar the compressor over manually to Commissioning Agent:
check and verify it rolls freely. __________________
4. For machines compressing a combustible gas, purge the

entire system including the piping, by-pass, recycle line, __________________ Distributor:___________
and compressor cylinders of all air.
5. Review start-up instructions for all other package compo- Commissioning Agent:
nents. __________________
6. Complete the required review of the Start-Up and Operat- Commissioning Agent:
ing Instructions for the unit with the unit operator. __________________
INITIAL POST START-UP CHECK LIST

1. Check and verify immediate oil pressure increase. Enable
oil pressure shutdown and bearing temperature shut- Commissioning Agent:
downs. Record initial pressure at operating speed. Distributor:___________
__________________
______________________
2. Check and verify oil filter pressure gauges. Record initial
differential. Commissioning Agent:
__________________
___________________
3. Check and verify the low oil pressure shutdown is active Commissioning Agent:
and set at 45 psig (3.1 barg). __________________
4. Check and verify lube oil pressure set at 50 to 60 psig (3.5

to 4.2 barg) at operating speed and temperature (see Tech- Commissioning Agent:
nical Manual, Section 4). Record final setting. Distributor:___________
__________________
______________________
5. Record oil filter maximum differential reference value listed
on the compressor top cover filter data plate. Commissioning Agent:
__________________
___________________
6. Listen and feel for any strange noises or vibration in the
compressor or piping. Record any occurrences.
________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
7. Check and verify high discharge gas temperature shut-
downs are set about 10% above normal operating temper- Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
ature (350 °F (177 °C) maximum) and functioning.
3/11 PAGE 5-7

INITIAL POST START-UP CHECK LIST

8. Check and verify distribution block cycle time indicator and Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
set lubricator pump for proper break-in rate. __________________
9. Check and verify the unit and piping is free from any gas or
fluid leaks. Record any occurrences.
________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
10. Check and verify scrubber high level shutdowns operation Commissioning Agent:
and check scrubber dumps operation and frequency. __________________
11. Check, verify, and record tank levels that indicate the
amount of liquids removed from the gas. __________________ Distributor:___________
__________________________
12. Check and verify piston rod packings seal properly in the Commissioning Agent:
primary packing vents. __________________
13. Check and verify operation of all safety functions to ensure Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
unit shutdown upon indication. __________________
14. If applicable, check and verify main bearing temperatures Commissioning Agent:
and record. Watch for even bearing temperature increase. __________________
15. During various operational conditions, use the Ariel perfor-

mance program to check and verify operational character- Commissioning Agent:
__________________ Distributor:___________
istics of various load steps.
PAGE 5-8 3/11

24-HOUR POST START-UP CHECK LIST

1. Record "hot" alignment readings after reaching normal
operating temperatures and components become heat
soaked. Shutdown and vent gas system. Within 30 min-
utes and while components are still hot, record dial indica-
tor readings in inches (mm) at the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock
positions on lines provided below:
__________________
Face Rim
If using a laser alignment tool, make a print out and

attach it to this document.
2. If using a discharge bottle or head end cylinder supports,
adjust when components are heat soaked to ensure no Commissioning Agent:
excessive forces exist to cause detrimental cylinder deflec- __________________
tion.
3. Check and verify torque on gas nozzle flange, valve cap,
cylinder head, compressor rod packing flange, and guide __________________ Distributor:___________
to frame bolting.
4. Complete Ariel’s “Compressor Warranty Notification - Commissioning Agent:
Installation List Data” (pages 1 and 2). __________________
750-HOUR POST START-UP CHECK LIST

1. Check and verify torque on gas nozzle flange, valve cap, Commissioning Agent:
cylinder head, and compressor rod packing flange bolting. __________________
2. Send completed form and check lists (pages 1-12) to Ariel Commissioning Agent: Distributor:___________
as noted on page 1. __________________
3/11 PAGE 5-9

PAGE 5-10 3/11

Section 6 - Troubleshooting
Minor problems during routine operation of an Ariel compressor most often trace to liquid, dirt,
improper adjustment, or operators unfamiliar with Ariel compressors. These difficulties can usually
be corrected by cleaning, proper adjustment, elimination of an adverse condition, part replacement,
or proper training.
Major problems usually trace to long periods of operation with unsuitable lubrication, careless
operation, lack of routine maintenance, or using the compressor for purposes not intended.
Recording interstage pressures and temperatures on multistage units is valuable. Any variation
when operating at a given load point indicates trouble in one of the stages. Normally, a decrease in
interstage pressure indicates trouble in the lower pressure cylinder. An increase usually indicates
trouble in the higher pressure cylinder. Below is a list of common problems and possible causes.
Problem Possible Causes

• Oil pump pressure regulating valve set too low or sticking.
• Oil pump or oil pump drive failure.
• Oil foaming from counterweights striking oil surface (oil level in sight glass
too high), or from vortex at strainer inlet (oil level in sight glass too low), or
from leaks in pump suction line.
• Cold oil.
• Dirty oil filter.
Low Oil Pressure
• Interior frame oil leaks.
• Excessive leakage at bearings.
• Improper low oil pressure switch setting.
• Oil pump relief valve set too low.
• Defective pressure gauge.
• Plugged oil sump strainer.
• Improper end clearance in oil pump.
• Suction control valve malfunction.
• Faulty pressure gauges.
• Frozen/plugged inlet line.
High/Low Suction Pressure • Plugged intake screen or filter.
• Scrubber dump valve stuck open.
• Recycle malfunction.
• Site production equipment problems.
• Faulty valves or rings.
• Gas leak.
High/Low Inter-Stage • Frozen cooler section or tubing to panel.
Pressure • Faulty pressure gauges.
• Scrubber dump valve stuck open.
• Load change.
• Loose piston.
• Piston hitting cylinder head end head or crank end head.
• Loose crosshead balance nut.
Noise in Cylinder • Broken or leaking valve(s).
• Worn or broken piston rings or wear bands.
• Valve improperly seated or damaged seat gasket.
• Liquids in cylinder.
• Loose crosshead pin or pin caps.
• Loose or worn main, crankpin, or crosshead bearings.
• Low oil pressure.
Frame Knocks • Cold oil.
• Incorrect oil.
• Knock is actually from cylinder end.
• Low fluid level in damper.
3/11 PAGE 6-1

Section 6 - Troubleshooting For Models: JGH:E:K:T

• Excessive lube oil.
• Improper lube oil.
Excessive Carbon
• Oil carry-over from inlet system or previous stage.
on Valves • Broken or leaking valves causing high temperature.
• Excessive temperature due to high pressure ratio across cylinders.
• Faulty relief valve.
Relief Valve Popping • Leaking suction valves or rings on next higher stage.
• Obstruction, closed or faulty valve in discharge line.
• Excessive ratio across cylinder due to leaking inlet valves or rings on next
higher stage.
High Discharge • Fouled intercooler piping.
Temperature • Leaking discharge valves or piston rings.
• High inlet temperature.
• Improper lube oil and/or lube rate.
• Faulty temperature gauge.
• Dirty oil filters.
• High oil level.
High Frame Oil Temperature • Faulty thermostatic element.
• Faulty thermostatic control valve.
• Clogged or blocked oil cooler
• Binding or tightness in the compressor.
• Lubrication failure.
• Improper lube oil and/or insufficient lube rate.
• Worn packing rings.
Packing Over Heating • Dirt in packing.
• Improper ring side or end gap clearance.
• Scored, tapered or out of round piston rod.
• Excessive piston rod runout.
• Worn packing rings.
• Improper lube oil and or insufficient lube rate.
• Dirt in packing.
• Packing rings assembled incorrectly.
Excessive Packing
• Improper ring side or end gap clearance.
Leakage • Plugged packing vent system.
• Scored, tapered or out of round piston rod.
• Excessive piston rod run-out.
• Packing not seated or properly run in.
Drive End of Crankshaft • Clogged vent or vent piping.
Oil Leak • Excessive cylinder packing leakage.
• Worn wiper rings.
Piston Rod • Wipers incorrectly assembled.
Oil Wiper Leaks • Worn/scored rod.
• Improper fit of rings to rod/side clearance.
• Joint not tight.
• Pipe sealant was omitted.
• Defective or damaged pipe threads.
Oil Leaks at Pipe Threaded
• NPTF Dryseal threads not being used.
Connections
• Pressure too high for pipe threaded connection use.
• Pipe thread sealant incompatible with the synthetic oil used.
• Cracked pipe or fittings.
PAGE 6-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Section 6 - Troubleshooting

• Force feed pump or lubricator block failure.
• Loss of oil supply to force feed pump.
• Lubricator drive failure.
Force Feed Lubrication
• Proflo not programmed correctly.
Shutdown
• Proflo battery failure or power loss.
• Loose or grounded control wiring.
• Pin assembly not completely pushed into the Proflo housing.
• Short in wire to panel.
• Incorrectly positioned vibration switch.
• Loose mounting bolts.
Vibration Shutdown
• High scrubber level (liquid carry-over).
• Broken valve, piston, or piston rod.
• Main drive-line or coupling failure.
3/11 PAGE 6-3

Section 6 - Troubleshooting For Models: JGH:E:K:T
PAGE 6-4 3/11

Appendix A Ariel Fasteners and Torques

This document lists fastener lubrication and torque requirements for proper assembly of current
production Ariel reciprocating compressors. For older units with lower specified torque values, do not
assume higher values without consulting the packager and/or Ariel. See the technical manual for
detailed assembly procedures for a subject component.
• Use only Ariel speci- TABLE A-1 Fastener Thread & Seating Surface Lubrication
fied fasteners tight-
ened to the correct NOTE: Lubricate all fasteners both under the head and on the threads.
torque. Application Lubricant
• Connecting rod, valve • Crosshead balance lock nuts & crosshead threads
cap, and suction/dis- • Frame jack screws
charge nozzle (Ariel • All stainless steel fasteners
supplied flange) fas- • All fasteners in forged steel cylinders
Never-Seez
teners are designed to • All fine thread fasteners except for connecting rods, Regular Grade
prevent fatigue; do not crosshead pin bolts, and nylon patched screws.
replace them with • Piston rod nuts and B:V piston nuts
standard cap screws. • JGZ:U, KBB:V:Z:U main bearing cap - cap screws
For questions about • KBZ:U guide support stud (both ends) and nut
replacing other fasten- Use Loctite only with no
Fasteners specified with Loctite on threads
ers with standard cap additional lube
screws, contact your Connecting rod fasteners Lubriplate 630
packager or Ariel. Mineral oil (ISO 100-
All other fasteners
• Clean and de-burr all 150) or Lubriplate 630
threads.
• Do not use Molybdenum disulfide lubricants.
• Do not use Never-Seez for fastener lubrication unless specified or excessive stresses may result
with specified torques (see Table A-1).
• Use anti-seize lubricants sparingly; excessive amounts cause oil analysis to indicate contamination
and may unnecessarily increase maintenance costs.
• Re-preserve any fasteners subject to corrosion after installation.
B7M 17-4 8.8
Hex Head Hex Head Hex Head Hex Socket 12 Point 12 Point 12 Point 12 Point 12 Point
Grade 5 Grade 8 Grade 9 Head Grade 8 Grade Grade 5 Stainless Metric
Grade 8 B7M 17-4PH Class 8.8
FIGURE 1 Bolt Head Grade and Material Identification
CAUTION: To replace a fastener, see parts list to determine proper fastener grade and part num-
ber. Do not use a lesser or greater material grade. Use Ariel parts to replace special fasteners
and fasteners with reduced body diameter for fatigue resistance. Do not torque fasteners while
the compressor is operating or pressurized. Read technical manual safety warnings.
3/11 PAGE A-1

Appendix A Ariel Fasteners and Torques For Models: JGH:E:K:T
Recommendations for Torque Accuracy

1. Qualified personnel must use a properly calibrated torque wrench to correctly torque fasteners.
2. Determine torque wrench accuracy range. Most torque wrenches are not accurate over their
entire range.
3. Clean and de-burr all threads before assembly.
4. Tighten all multi-bolt assemblies in steps (optional for Grade 5 cap screws). Snug opposing pairs
of cap screws until all are snug. Next, tighten each cap screw to 25% of full torque in the same
pattern. Repeat this step for 50%, 75%, and 100% of full torque. For main bearing stud nuts and
connecting rod bolts, repeat the 100% step to verify proper pre-torque of fasteners prior to the
final partial turn.
5. Always apply a steady slow force to a torque wrench, and stop immediately when the wrench
clicks; do not jerk it. Jerking a torque wrench may apply up to one and a half times the wrench
torque setting.
6. Perform final tightening with a torque wrench. Do not tighten fasteners with a ratchet or impact
wrench, and then "check" the torque with a torque wrench.
7. Do not double tap a torque wrench; it increases the set torque significantly.
8. When checking the torque of a tightened fastener, set torque wrench to required torque, then
apply a slow steady force until the wrench clicks.
9. When finished, reset torque wrench to its lowest setting to relax the spring and help retain accu-
racy. A torque wrench left in a high setting stresses the spring and decreases accuracy with time.
10. Do not break fasteners loose with a torque wrench; it may overload the wrench and/or destroy
calibration.
11. To determine the torque wrench setting when using a torque multiplier on larger fasteners, divide
the desired fastener torque by the multiplier actual mechanical advantage, not the design
mechanical advantage. Example: An X4 torque multiplier, model TD-1000 has a design mechan-
ical advantage of 4.0, but an actual mechanical advantage of 3.6.
12. For hard to access fasteners requiring a A L
boxed end or crowsfoot adapter with a torque
wrench, the torque wrench setting is not the
actual torque applied to the fastener, unless
the adapter is 90° to the torque wrench. The
ratio of actual fastener torque (Ta) with the
wrench torque setting (Tw) is a function of the Force
length the adapter adds to the torque wrench
(A), and the location of the applied force. FIGURE A-1 Torque Wrench with Angled Adapter
Tw = Ta x [L ÷ (L + A)]
Tw = Torque wrench setting, lb x ft or N·m.
Ta = Torque required at fastener, lb x ft or N·m.
L = Length of wrench, ft or m (from square drive end to center point of force on handle).
A = Wrench length added by adapter, ft or m (measured through end of adapter on a line parallel
to the center line of the wrench).
NOTE: Lb x In ÷ 12 = Lb x Ft
13. When studs are specified for cylinder applications, tighten nuts to the same values as cap screws
in similar applications.
14. Install pipe threads and main cap plugs using Loctite 565 thread sealant. Synthetic oils may
require Loctite 545 and Loctite Activator 7649 (N).
These are general guidelines for proper torque wrench use. Call a torque wrench dealer for details.
PAGE A-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Appendix A Ariel Fasteners and Torques
TABLE A-2 Hoerbiger Valve Assembly Fastener Torques

Nominal Size Torque
Fastenera Type
Inch - TPI LB x FT (N·m), unless specified
5/16 - 24 12 (16)
Center Cap Screwb 12 Point - Steel Grade 5
3/8 - 24 21 (28)
Material Parts: SPL3 & 4
7/16 - 20 30 (41)
US
B8M CP 5/16 - 24 18 (24)
12 Point - Steel Grade 5
US Bolt Chandler 3/8 - 24 32 (43)
Material Parts: SPL or SPL5
316 Stainless Products 7/16 - 20 50 (68)
Steel, Grade Grade 5
B8M, NACE 6 5/16 - 24 120 lb x in. (14)
12 Point - Stainless Steel
3/8 - 24 Grade B8M 16 (22)
7/16 - 20 Material Parts: SPL6 24 (33)
#10 - 32 25 lb x in. (3)
#12 - 28 43 lb x in. (5)
Peripheral Cap Screw 1/4 - 20 Hex Socket Head 110 lb x in. (12)
5/16 - 18 176 lb x in. (20)
3/8 - 16 21 (28)
Center Stud Inch - TPI Bottom Half Torque Top Half Torque
LB x FT (N·m), unless specified LB x FT (N·m), unless specified
Drake 2-Piece Beam Lock Nut
1/4 - 28 103 lb x in. (12) 66 lb x in. (8)
Top Half
5/16 - 24 120 lb x in. (14) 66 lb x in. (8)
3/8 - 24 16 (22) 96 lb x in. (11)
c
1/2 - 20 36 (49) 20 (27)
5/8 - 18 73 (99) 40 (54)
3/4 - 16 130 (176) 70 (95)
Bottom Half 7/8 - 14 210 (285) 115 (155)
a. For prevailing-torque lock nuts, see ER-63, page 5, Column 40.
b. Center cap screw valve assemblies have Spiralock (SPL) threads to prevent loosening. See bottom of valve assembly
for SPL material parts number (3, 4, 5 or 6) and select proper torque from the table. Lubricate both threads and seating
surfaces with a petroleum type lubricant ONLY. If using older valve assemblies not covered in the table, see the original
torque chart provided in the compressor tool box, or contact Ariel for instructions.
Spiralock threads cannot be dressed with a standard tap. Clean center cap screws in valve assemblies not marked
SPL with Loctite safety solvent and lock them with one or two drops of Loctite #272 thread locking compound. DO NOT
use petroleum lubricants.
c. Use 29 (39) for 1/2 - 20 bottom half Drake lock nut with non-metallic valve plates in liftwasher valves.
3/11 PAGE A-3

TABLE A-3 JGH:E:K:T Fastener Torques
Nominal Size Torque

Fastener Type LB x FT (N·m), unless
Inch - TPI specified
Main Bearing Cap - Cap Screw 7/8 - 9 12 Point - Grade 8 280 (380)
Connecting Rod Cap - Cap Screw 7/8 - 14 80 (108) + 90°
12 Point - Grade 8
Note: Use Ariel turn indicator, B-1495. 1” - 14 90 (122) + 90°
Torsional Vibration Detuner - Cap Screw 1” - 14 12 Point - Grade 8 530 (715)
Flywheel - Cap Screw 1” - 14 Hex - Grade 8 530 (715)
Nut Plate to Crankshaft Flange - JGE:K:T/6 1/2 - 20 12 Point - Grade 8 46 (62)
Crosshead Pin Thru Cap Screw - Lock Nut 1/2 - 20 Hex - Prevailing 61 (83)
Spacer Bar - Cap Screw 1-1/8 - 12 12 Point - Grade 8 560 (760)
Crosshead Guide to Frame - Cap Screw 7/8 - 9 12 Point - Grade 8 280 (380)
5/8 -11 97 (132)
12 Point - Grade 8
Crosshead Guide to Cylinder - Cap Screw 7/8 - 9 280 (380)
7/8 - 14 Hex 315 (425)
7/8 - 9 255 (346)
Crosshead Guide to Support - Cap Screw Hex - Grade 8 or 9
1” - 8 380 (515)
1/2 - 13 44 (60)
5/8 - 11 88 (120)
Head End Cylinder Support to Cylinder Hex - Grade 8
3/4 - 10 160 (215)
7/8 - 9 255 (345)
Eccentric Vernier Cap - Cap Screw 5/16 - 18 Hex - Grade 8 Hand Wrench Tight
Idler Sprocket Thru Cap Screw - Lock Nut 1/2 - 20 Hex - Prevailing 41 (55)
External Thrust Bearing Adapter to Crank-
1/2 - 20 12 Point - Grade 8 66 (90)
shaft - Cap Screw
3/4 - 10 125 (170)
12 Point
Rod Packing - Cap Screw 3/4 - 16 145 (195)
Grade 8 or 17-4PH
7/8 - 14 230 (310)
12 Point
Rod Catcher to Packing 1/2 - 20 51 (69)
Grade 8 or 17-4PH
Piston Nut 1-5/8 - 12 Ariel Design 1590 (2155)a
Crosshead Balance Nut 1-3/4 - 12 Ariel Design 1500 (2030)b
Force Feed Lube Box - Bearing Housing 1-3/8 - LH Bearing Housing 70 (95)
1” - 14 75 (102)
Force Feed Lube Box - Jam Nut Hex
1-1/2 - 12 112 (152)
Roller Thrust Bearing Retainer Clamp - Cap
3/4 -16 Ariel Design 160 (220)
Screw
Rupture Disk - Blow-Out Fitting Cap 1/4 Nom. Tube Hex - Tube Fitting 40 lb x in. (4.5)
1” - 8 Hex - Grade 9 460 (620)
Flywheel to Hub
1” - 14 Hex - Grade 9 530 (715)
Piston Rod Oil Slinger - Lock Nut 1/4-28 Hex - Jam 95 lb x in. (11)
PAGE A-4 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Appendix A Ariel Fasteners and Torques
TABLE A-3 JGH:E:K:T Fastener Torques
Nominal Size Torque

Fastener Type LB x FT (N·m), unless
Inch - TPI specified
Cylinder Mounting Flange to Forged Steel 1” - 14 12 Point 485 (655)

Cylinder 1-1/4-12 Grade 8 or 17-4PH 955 (1290)
Hold Down 1-1/8 - 7 Hex Nut 600 (805)c
Main Drive Coupling - Adapter to Crankshaft
1” - 14 12 Point - Grade 8 440 (600)
Flange
Lifting Bracket to Frame JGE:K:T/6 1-1/4 - 7 12 Point - Grade 8 690 (938)
Fenner Drive --- Hex 100 (135)
1/2 - 13 40 (54)
5/8 -11 79 (105)
Cap Screwd
3/4 - 10 140 (190)
•Valve Cap
•Cylinder Head 3/4 - 16 Hex - Grade 8 or 9 160 (215)
•Gas Passage or
7/8 - 9 230 (310)
•Unloader 12 Point -
•VVCP 7/8 -14 Grade 8 or 17-4PH 260 (355)
•Ariel supplied companion flanges, 1” - 8 345 (470)
except “Peanut” Dual Nozzle
1” - 14 395 (535)
1-1/8 - 12 560 (760)
Unloader Actuator to Valve Cap - Cap Screw Hex - Grade 8 55 (75)
12 Point
“Peanut” Dual Nozzle Companion Flanges 1/2-13 53 (71)
Grade 8 or 17-4PH
1/2 - 13 44 (60)
Hex - Gr.ade 8 or 9
5/8 - 11 or 88 (120)
Tandem Cylinder to Cylinder - Cap Screw d
3/4 - 10 12 Point 160 (215)
Grade 8 or 17-4PH
3/4 - 16 180 (245)
1/2 - 13 22 (30)
5/8 - 11 44 (60)
3/4 - 10 79 (105)
Seating Studs in Cylinder 3/4 - 16 Dog Point 90 (120)
7/8 - 9 130 (170)
7/8 - 14 145 (195)
1” and larger 200 (270)
#10 - 24 20 lb x in. (2.3)
Packing Tie Rod - Nut Hex
1/4 - 20 72 lb x in. (8.1)
Distribution Block Tie Rod - Nut 1/4 - 28 Hex 68 lb x in. (7.7)
Distribution Block Divider Valve - Cap Screw 1/4 - 28 Socket Head 75 lb x in. (8.5)
Grade 5 - Hex Cap Screw ALL Hex - Grade 5 Hand Wrench Tight
a. Or use 50 (68) torque at 3500 psig (241 barg) hydraulic pressure with separately purchased piston nut torquing tool.
Tighten, loosen, then re-tighten piston nut to insure proper torque.
b. Or use 3500 psig (241 barg) hydraulic pressure on separately purchased crosshead (balance) nut torquing tool.
c. Minimum torque for recommended 1-1/8 - 7 hold down stud size to provide 55,000 psi (380 MPa) stress in a stud with
an ultimate strength of 100,000 psi (690 MPa) or greater. If greater, increase torque to stress the stud to about 55% of
the ultimate strength of the stud material, as specified by packager.
d. For studs specified for cylinder applications, tighten nuts to the same torque as cap screws in similar applications.
3/11 PAGE A-5

PAGE A-6 3/11

Appendix B - Clearances
TABLE B-1 JGH:E:K:T Main Component Clearances, in. (mm)
Description Clearance
Crankshaft Dust Seal JGH:E:K:T/2/4 0.008 - 0.010 (0.20 - 0.25)
Crankshaft Dust Seal JGE:K:T/6 0.010 - 0.018 (0.25 - 0.46)
Crankshaft Thrust JGH:E:K:T/2/4 0.0085 - 0.0200 (0.216 - 0.508)
Crankshaft Thrust JGE:K:T/6 0.014 - 0.033 (0.356 - 0.838)
Crankshaft Journal Bearing Jack 0.0015 - 0.0050 (0.038 - 0.127)
a
Connecting Rod Bearing Jack 0.0035 - 0.0070 (0.089 - 0.178)
Connecting Rod Thrust 0.007 - 0.018 (0.178 - 0.457)
Connecting Rod Bushing to Crosshead Pin 0.002 - 0.004 (0.05 - 0.10)
Crosshead (Ductile and ADI Iron) Bronze Bushing to Crosshead Pin 0.0020 - 0.0042 (0.05 - 0.11)
Crosshead (Gray Iron) to Crosshead Pin (JGH) 0.0020 - 0.0035 (0.05 - 0.09)
Crosshead (Bronze) to Crosshead Pin 0.0020 - 0.0035 (0.05 - 0.09)
Crosshead to Guide - Babbitted Gray and Ductile Iron 0.007 - 0.012 (0.18 - 0.30)
Crosshead to Guide - Babbitted ADI Iron 0.009 - 0.014 (0.23 - 0.36)
Crosshead to Guide - Babbitted Bronze 0.011 - 0.016 (0.28 - 0.41)
a. For compressors and/or connecting rod replacement bearing shells supplied after 2/1/97.
TABLE B-2 Piston End Clearancesa, in. (mm)

Cylinder Class Crank End Head End Totalb
22-1/2 E:ET:H 0.050 (1.3) 0.070 - 0.130 (1.8 - 3.3) 0.120 - 0.180 (3.0 - 4.6)
All Other E:ET:H Cylinders 0.040 (1.0) 0.050 - 0.110 (1.3 - 2.8) 0.090 - 0.150 (2.3 - 3.8)
17-7/8, 20-1/8, 22, 24-1/8,
0.055 (1.4) 0.095 - 0.155 (2.4 - 3.9) 0.150 - 0.210 (3.8 - 5.3)
and 26-1/2 K:T
5-3/8 K:T Tandem 0.040 (1.0) 0.060 - 0.160 (1.5 - 4.1) 0.100 - 0.200 (2.5 - 5.1)
All KL:TL Cylinders 0.300 (7.6) No Set 0.620 - 0.680 (15.7 - 17.3)
All KM:TM Cylinders
0.040 (1.0) 0.080 - 0.140 (2.0 - 3.6) 0.120 - 0.180 (3.0 - 4.6)
All Other K:T Cylinders
a. Measured clearances may not agree because of oil films, assembly tolerances, wear, etc. Do not use plastigages, solder, etc.
b. If total piston end clearance is not within table tolerance, contact your Packager or Ariel.
3/11 PAGE B-1

Appendix B - Clearances For Models: JGH:E:K:T
TABLE B-3 Side Clearances for NEW Piston Rings, Packing Rings, and Wearbands, in. (mm)
Nominal
Actual Groove Width Teflon PEEK Bronze
Width
Piston Rings
3/16 0.187 - 0.189 0.0035 - 0.007 0.004 - 0.008
—
(4.76) (4.75 - 4.80) (0.09 - 0.19) (0.10 - 0.20)
1/4 0.250 - 0.252 0.005 - 0.011 0.005 - 0.008 0.004 - 0.008
(6.35) (6.35 - 6.40) (0.13 - 0.28) (0.13 - 0.20) (0.10 - 0.20)
5/16 0.312 - 0.314 0.006 - 0.012 0.005 - 0.008 0.004 - 0.008
(7.94) (7.92 - 7.98) (0.15 - 0.30) (0.13 - 0.20) (0.10 - 0.20)
3/8 0.375 - 0.377 0.007 - 0.013 0.005 - 0.008 0.004 - 0.008
(9.53) (9.53 - 9.58) (0.18 - 0.33) (0.13 - 0.20) (0.10 - 0.20)
1/2 0.500 - 0.502 0.009 - 0.015 0.005 - 0.008 0.004 - 0.008
(12.70) (12.70 - 12.75) (0.23 - 0.38) (0.13 - 0.20) (0.10 - 0.20)
5/8 0.625 - 0.627 0.011 - 0.016 0.006 - 0.009 0.005 - 0.009
(15.88) (15.88 - 15.93) (0.28 - 0.41) (0.15 - 0.23) (0.13 - 0.23)
3/4 0.750 - 0.752 0.013 - 0.020 0.008 - 0.011 0.006 - 0.010
(19.05) (19.05 - 19.10) (0.33 - 0.51) (0.20 - 0.28) (0.15 - 0.25)
Packing Rings
0.375 - 0.377 0.011 - 0.015 0.011 - 0.015
—
(9.53 - 9.58) (0.28 - 0.38) (0.28 - 0.38) 0.006 - 0.008
0.572 - 0.574 0.017 - 0.022 0.017 - 0.022 (0.15 - 0.20)
—
(14.53 - 14.58) (0.43 - 0.56) (0.43 - 0.56)
Wearbands
0.875 - 0.877 0.010 - 0.024 (0.25 - 0.006 - 0.010
— —
(22.23 - 22.28) 0.51) (0.15 - 0.25
2.000 - 2.002 0.024 - 0.034 (0.61 - 0.014 - 0.018
— —
(50.80 - 50.85) 0.86) (0.36 - 0.46)
3.000 - 3.003 0.036 - 0.048 0.021 - 0.025
— —
(76.20 - 76.28) (0.91 - 1.22) (0.53 - 0.64)
PAGE B-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Appendix B - Clearances
TABLE B-4 Piston-Bore Clearances & Piston Ring/Rider Ring End Gaps for H:E:ET Class Cylinders, in. (mm)
Piston - Bore Clearance Conventional
Piston Ring End Gap Piston/Rider Ring
Bore Diameter Conventional Piston/Rider End Gapa
Piston Rings Ringsb New Maximum
0.011 - 0.016 0.051 - 0.075 0.050 - 0.066
4.25 (108) 0.225 (5.72)
(.028 - 0.41) (1.30 - 1.91) (1.27 - 1.68)
0.056 - 0.080 0.056 - 0.072
4.625 (117) 0.240 (6.10)
0.012 - 0.017 (1.42 - 2.03) (1.42 - 1.83)
(0.30 - 0.43) 0.061 - 0.085 0.062 - 0.078
5.125 (130) 0.255 (6.48)
(1.55 - 2.16) (1.57 - 1.98)
0.066 - 0.090 0.068 - 0.084
5.5 (140) 0.270 (6.86)
0.013 - 0.018 (1.68 - 2.29) (1.73 - 2.13)
(0.33 - 0.46) 0.072 - 0.112 0.074 - 0.090
6.0 (152) 0.336 (8.53)
(1.83 - 2.84) (1.88 - 2.29)
0.014 - 0.019 0.077 - 0.117 0.073 - 0.103
6.375 (162) 0.351 (8.92)
(0.36 - 0.48) (1.96 - 2.97) (1.85 - 2.62)
0.084 - 0.124 0.091 - 0.121
7.0 (178) 0.372 (9.45)
0.015 - 0.020 (2.13 - 3.15) (2.31 - 3.07)
(0.38 - 0.51) 0.089 - 0.129 0.097 - 0.127
7.375 (187) 0.387 (9.83)
0.090 - 0.096 (2.26 - 3.28) (2.46 - 3.23)
0.016 - 0.022 (2.29 - 2.44) 0.096 - 0.136 0.095 - 0.125
8.0 (203) 0.408 (10.36)
(0.41 - 0.56) (2.44 - 3.45) (2.41 - 3.18)
0.017 - 0.023 0.101 - 0.141 0.100 - 0.130
8.375 (213) 0.423 (10.74)
(0.43 - 0.58) (2.57 - 3.58) (2.54 - 3.30)
0.019 - 0.025 0.111 - 0.151 0.112 - 0.142
9.25 (235) 0.453 (11.51)
(0.48 - 0.64) (2.82 - 3.84) (2.84 - 3.61)
0.020 - 0.026 0.117 - 0.157 0.119 - 0.149
9.75 (248) 0.471 (11.96)
(0.51 - 0.66) (2.97 - 3.99) (3.02 - 3.78)
0.022 - 0.028 0.131 - 0.179 0.136 - 0.166
11 (279) 0.537 (13.64)
(0.56 - 0.71) (3.33 - 4.55) (3.45 - 4.22)
0.023 - 0.029 0.138 - 0.186 0.143 - 0.173
11.5 (292) 0.558 (14.17)
(0.58 - 0.74) (3.51 - 4.72) (3.63 - 4.39)
0.026 - 0.032 0.156 - 0.204 0.182 - 0.212
13 (330) 0.612 (15.54)
(0.66 - 0.81) (3.96 - 5.18) (4.62 - 5.38)
0.027 - 0.033 0.162 - 0.210 0.190 - 0.220
13.5 (343) 0.630 (16.00)
(0.69 - 0.84) (4.11 - 5.33) (4.83 - 5.59)
0.030 - 0.037 0.183 - 0.231 0.216 - 0.246
15.250 (387) 0.693 (17.60)
(0.76 - 0.94) (4.65 - 5.87) (5.49 - 6.25)
0.031 - 0.038 0.189 - 0.237 0.224 - 0.254
15.75 (400) 0.711 (18.06)
(0.79 - 0.97) 0.090 - 0.097 (4.80 - 6.02) (5.69 - 6.45)
0.033 - 0.040 (2.29 - 2.46) 0.201 - 0.251 0.239 - 0.269
16.75 (425) 0.753 (19.13)
(0.84 - 1.02) (5.11 - 6.38) (6.07 - 6.83)
0.034 - 0.041 0.207 - 0.259 0.247 - 0.277
17.25 (438) 0.777 (19.74)
(0.86 - 1.04) (5.26 - 6.58) (6.27 - 7.04)
0.038 - 0.046 0.228 - 0.292 0.273 - 0.303
19 (483) 0.876 (22.25)
(0.97 - 1.17) 0.090 - 0.098 (5.79 - 7.42) (6.93 - 7.70)
0.039 - 0.047 (2.29 - 2.49) 0.234 - 0.298 0.281 - 0.311
19.5 (495) 0.894 (22.71)
(0.99 - 1.19) (5.94 - 7.57) (7.14 - 7.90)
22.5 (572) Uses Wearbands - See Table B-5.
a. Piston/rider ring radial projection is 0.026 - 0.033 (0.66 - 0.84) and side clearance is 0.008 - 0.013 (0.20 - 0.33).
b. Piston/rider rings are standard on all ET & all E Class cylinders except the 22.5 (572). Conventional piston rings are
standard on H Class cylinders and piston/rider rings optional on bore diameters of 4.25 to 11.5 (108 to 292) with the
exception of bore diameters 4.625 (117), 5.5 (140), 6.375 (162). Piston/rider rings are standard on H Class cylinders
with bore diameters of 4.625 (117), 5.5 (140), 6.375 (162), and 13 to 19.5 (330 to 495). H & E Class Cylinders are out-
of-production; use them only if they meet application requirements. Consult your packager and/or Ariel when re-apply-
ing cylinders.
3/11 PAGE B-3

TABLE B-5 Piston/Piston Ring/Wearband Clearance for K, T, & 22-1/2 Ea:ET:H Class Cylinders - in. (mm)
Piston Ring End Gaps
Piston - Cylinder Clearance Wear Bands New
Filled Teflonb
Min. End Gap (See Fig. B-1) Radial
Bore Clearance New Maximum
45° 70° Projection
0.015 - 0.025
2.5 (63.5) 0.075 (1.91) 0.080 (2.03) 0.106 (2.69)
(0.38 - 0.64)
0.055 - 0.063 0.015 - 0.025 0.018 - 0.025
2.625 (66.7) 0.075 (1.91) 0.084 (2.13) 0.111 (2.82)
(1.40 - 1.60) (0.38 - 0.64) (0.46 - 0.64)
0.017 - 0.027
3 (76.2) 0.081 (2.06) 0.096 (2.44) 0.128 (3.25)
(0.43 - 0.69)
0.011 - 0.018
3.5 (88.9) 0.054 (1.37) — 0.118 (3.00)
0.060 - 0.068 (0.28 - 0.46) 0.018 - 0.026
(1.52 - 173) 0.012 - 0.019 (0.46 - 0.66)
3.875 (98.4) 0.057 (1.45) — 0.131 (3.33)
(0.30 - 0.48)
0.051 - 0.061 0.023 - 0.031
4.25 (108) 0.183 (4.65) — 0.136 (3.45)
(1.30 - 1.55) (0.58 - 0.79)
0.071 - 0.079 0.053 - 0.063 0.026 - 0.033
4.375 (111) 0.189 (4.80) — 0.140 (3.56)
(1.80 - 2.01) (1.35 - 1.60) (0.66 - 0.84)
0.056 - 0.066 0.023 - 0.031
4.625 (117) 0.198 (5.03) — 0.197 (5.00)
(1.42 - 1.68) (0.58 - 0.79)
0.050 - 0.060
5 (127) 0.180 (4.57) 0.160 (4.06) 0.213 (5.41)
(1.27 - 1.52)
0.065 - 0.077
5.375 (137) 0.231 (4.88) 0.172 (4.37) 0.229 (5.82)
0.081 - 0.089 (1.65 - 1.96) 0.027 - 0.035
(2.06 - 2.26) 0.059 - 0.071 (0.69 - 0.89)
5.875 (149) 0.213 (5.41) 0.188 (4.78) 0.250 (6.35)
(1.50 - 1.80)
0.063 - 0.138
6.25 (159) 0.414 (10.52) 0.200 (5.08) 0.266 (6.76)
(1.60 - 3.50)
0.068 - 0.081
6.75 (171) 0.243 (6.17) 0.216 (5.49) 0.287 (7.29)
(1.73 - 2.06)
0.087 - 0.096 0.070 - 0.084 0.029 - 0.037
7.00 (178) 0.252 (6.40) 0.224 (5.69) 0.298 (7.57)
(2.21 - 2.44) (1.78 - 2.13) (0.74 - 0.94)
0.072 - 0.087
7.25 (184) 0.261 (6.63) 0.232 (5.89) 0.308 (7.82)
(1.83 - 2.21)
0.079 - 0.095
7.875 (200) 0.285 (7.24) 0.252 (6.40) 0.335 (8.51)
0.092 - 0.101 (2.00 - 2.41) 0.031 - 0.040
(2.34 - 2.57) 0.084 - 0.100 (0.79 - 1.02)
8.375 (213) 0.300 (7.62) 0.268 (6.81) 0.356 (9.04)
(2.13 - 2.54)
0.090 - 0.098 0.105 - 0.125 0.030 t0 0.039
8.75 (222) 0.375 (9.53) — 0.280 (7.11)
(2.29 - 2.51) (2.67 - 3.18) (0.76 - 0.99)
0.096 - 0.105 0.091 - 0.110 0.033 - 0.042
9.125 (232) 0.330 (8.38) 0.292 (7.42) 0.388 (9.86)
(2.44 - 2.67) (2.31 - 2.79) (0.84 - 1.07)
0.090 - 0.098 0.111 - 0.131 0.030 - 0.039
9.25 (235) 0.393 (9.98) — 0.296 (7.52)
(2.29 - 2.51) (2.82 - 3.33) (0.76 - 0.99)
0.096 - 0.105 0.096 - 0.116 0.033 - 0.042
9.625 (244) 0.346 (8.79) 0.308 (7.82) 0.410 (10.41)
(2.44 - 2.67) (2.44 - 2.95) (0.84 - 1.07)
0.090 - 0.098 0.117 - 0.137 0.030 - 0.039
9.75 (248 0.411 (10.44) — 0.312 (7.92)
(2.29 - 2.51) (2.97 - 3.49) (0.76 - 0.99)
0.109 - 0.118 0.099 - 0.119 0.037 - 0.047
9.875 (251) 0.357 (9.07) 0.316 (8.03) 0.420 (10.67)
(2.77 - 3.00) (2.51 - 3.02) (0.94 - 1.19)
0.090 - 0.098 0.110 - 0.132 0.033 - 0.040
10.25 (260) 0.396 (10.06) — 0.468 (11.89)
(2.29 - 2.51) (2.79 - 3.35) (0.84 - 1.02)
0.109 - 0.118 0.104 - 0.125 0.037 - 0.047
10.375 264() 0.375 (9.53) 0.332 (8.43) 0.442 (11.23)
(2.77 - 3.00) (2.64 - 3.18) (0.94 - 1.19)
0.114 - 0.123 0.105 - 0.126 0.039 - 0.049
10.5 (267) 0.378 (9.60) 0.336 (8.53) 0.447 (11.35)
(2.90 - 3.12) (2.67 - 3.20) (0.99 - 1.24)
0.090 - 0.098 0.110 - 0.132 0.033 - 0.040
10.75 (273) 0.396 (10.06) — 0.468 (11.89)
(2.29 - 2.51) (2.79 - 3.35) (0.84 - 1.02)
PAGE B-4 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Appendix B - Clearances
TABLE B-5 Piston/Piston Ring/Wearband Clearance for K, T, & 22-1/2 Ea:ET:H Class Cylinders - in. (mm)
Piston Ring End Gaps
Piston - Cylinder Clearance Wear Bands New
Filled Teflonb
Min. End Gap (See Fig. B-1) Radial
Bore Clearance New Maximum
45° 70° Projection
0.114 - 0.123 0.108 - 0.130
10.875 (276) 0.393 (9.98) 0.348 (8.84) 0.463 (11.76)
(2.90 - 3.12) (2.74 - 3.30) 0.039 - 0.049
0.114 - 0.123 0.110 - 0.132 (0.99 - 1.24)
11 (279) 0.396 (10.06) 0.352 (8.94) 0.468 (11.89)
(2.90 - 3.12) (2.79 - 3.35)
11 (L&M) 0.090 - 0.098 0.110 - 0.132 0.033 - 0.040
0.396 (10.06) — 0.468 (11.89)
(279) (2.29 - 2.51) (2.79 - 3.35) (0.84 - 1.02)
0.100 - 0.108 0.135 - 0.159 0.036 - 0.042
11.25 (286) 0.477 (12.12) — 0.360 (9.14)
(2.54 - 2.74) (3.42 - 4.04) (0.91 - 1.07)
0.114 - 0.123 0.114 - 0.137 0.039 - 0.049
11.375 (289) 0.411 (10.44) 0.364 (9.25) 0.484 (12.29)
(2.90 - 3.12) (2.90 - 3.48) (0.99 - 1.24)
0.100 - 0.108 0.141 - 0.165 0.036 - 0.044
11.75 (298) 0.495 (12.57) — 0.376 (9.55)
(2.54 - 2.74) (3.58 - 4.19) (0.91 - 1.07)
0.117 - 0.128 0.120 - 0.144
12 (305) 0.432 (10.97) 0.384 (9.75) 0.511 (12.98)
(2.97 - 3.24) (3.05 - 3.66) 0.039 - 0.050
0.117 - 0.128 0.123 - 0.147 (0.99 - 1.27)
12.25 (311) 0.441 (11.20) 0.392 (9.96) 0.521 (13.23)
(2.97 - 3.23) (3.12 - 3.73)
0.100 - 0.108 0.148 - 0.172 0.036 - 0.042
12.375 (314) 0.516 (12.95) — 0.376 (9.55)
(2.54 - 2.74) (3.76 - 4.37) (0.91 - 1.07)
0.117 - 0.128 0.125 - 0.150 0.039 - 0.050
12.5 (318) 0.450 (11.43) 0.400 (10.16) 0.532 (13.51)
(2.97 - 3.24) (3.18 - 3.81) (0.99 - 1.27)
0.131 - 0.158
13.125 (333) 0.474 (12.04) 0.420 (10.67) 0.558 (14.17)
(3.33 - 4.01)
0.136 - 0.164 0.043 - 0.053
13.625 (346) 0.490 (12.45) 0.436 (11.07) 0.580 (14.73)
(3.45 - 4.17) (1.09 - 1.35)
0.126 - 0.137 0.141 - 0.170
14.125 (359) 0.508 (12.90) 0.452 (11.48) 0.601 (15.27)
(3.20 - 3.48) (3.58 - 4.32)
0.171 - 0.195
14.25 362() 0.585 (14.86) 0.456 (11.58) 0.606 (15.39)
(4.34 - 4.95) 0.042 - 0.052
0.177 - 0.201 (1.07 - 1.32)
14.75 (375) 0.603 (15.32) 0.472 (11.99) 0.627 (15.93)
(4.50 - 5.11)
0.127 - 0.138 0.154 - 0.185
15.375 (391) 0.555 (14.10) 0.492 (12.50) 0.654 (16.61)
(3.23 - 3.50) (3.91 - 4.70) 0.038 - 0.050
0.127 - 0.138 0.159 - 0.191 (0.97 - 1.27)
15.875 (403) 0.573 (14.55) 0.508 (12.90) 0.675 (17.15)
(3.23 - 3.50) (4.04 - 4.85)
0.179 - 0.191 0.174 - 0.209
17.375 (441) 0.627 (15.93) 0.556 (14.12) 0.740 (18.80)
(4.55 - 4.85) (4.42 - 5.31) 0.044 - 0.057
0.181 - 0.193 0.179 - 0.215 (1.12 - 1.45)
17.875 (454) 0.645 (16.38) 0.572 (14.53) 0.761 (19.33)
(4.60 - 4.90) (4.55 - 5.46)
0.187 - 0.199 0.236 - 0.268
19.625 (498) 0.804 (20.42) 0.628 (15.95) 0.835 (21.21)
(4.75 - 5.05) (5.99 - 6.81) 0.050 - 0.063
0.185 - 0.197 0.242 - 0.274 (1.27 - 1.60)
20.125 (511) 0.822 (20.88) 0.644 (16.36) 0.857 (21.77)
(4.70 - 5.00) (6.15 - 6.96)
0.213 - 0.225 0.264 - 0.304
22 (559) 0.912 (23.16) 0.704 (17.88) 0.936 (23.77)
(5.41 - 5.72) (6.71 - 7.72) 0.059 - 0.072
0.152 - 0.164 0.270 - 0.310 (1.50 - 1.83)
22.5 (572) 0.930 (23.62) 0.734 (18.64) 0.976 (24.79)
(3.86 - 4.17) (6.86 - 7.87)
0.214 - 0.226 0.290 - 0.330 0.056 - 0.069
24.125 (613) 0.990 (25.15) 0.772 (19.61) 1.027 (26.09)
(5.44 - 5.74) (7.36 - 8.38) (1.42 - 1.75)
0.226 - 0.238 0.320 - 0.360 0.058 - 0.071
26.5 (673) 1.080 (27.43) 0.848 (21.54) 1.128 (28.65)
(5.74 - 6.05) (8.13 - 9.14) (1.47 - 1.80)
a. E & H Class Cylinders are out-of-production; use existing E & H cylinders only if they meet application requirements.
Consult your packager and/or Ariel when re-applying cylinders.
b. For PEEK piston ring end gap values, multiply table values by 0.3.
3/11 PAGE B-5

45°
70°
End Gap
End Gap
FIGURE B-1 Wearband Cut Angles
PAGE B-6 3/11

Appendix C - Frame Specifications

For more information, see the Electronic Databook in the Ariel Performance Program. Rated speeds
for non-lube and lubricated process applications may vary.
TABLE C-1 JGH Frame Specifications

Specification 2 Throw 4 Throw
Maximum Width, in. (m) 139 (3.53)
Maximum Length, in. (m) 56 (1.42) 100 (2.54)
Approximate Average Weight with Cylinders, lb. (kg) 8000 (3630) 17,000 (7710)
Oil Pump Flow Rate @ Max. Rated Speed & 180°F (82°C), GPM (L/s) 13 (0.82) 26 (1.6)
Oil Heat Rejection, BTU/hr. (kW) 25,000 (7.3) 50,000 (14.7)
Sump Capacity, US gallons (L) 15 (57) 37 (140)
Horsepower (kW) To 680 (507) To 1360 (1014)
Stroke, inches (mm) 4-1/2 (114)
Speed, RPM 600 To 1200
Piston Speed, FPM (m/s) To 900 (4.57)
Height - Bottom to Crankshaft Centerline, in. (mm) 17 (432)
Connecting Rod Centerline to Centerline, in. (mm) 13.75 (349)
Piston Rod Diameter, in. (mm) 2.000 (51)
Internal Rod Load - Double Acting
Compression + Tension, lbf. (kN) 48,000 (214)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 24,000 (107)
Compression, lbf. (kN) 30,000 (133)
Internal Rod Load - Single Acting
Tension, lbf. (kN) 24,000 (107)
3/11 PAGE C-1

Appendix C - Frame Specifications For Models: JGH:E:K:T
TABLE C-2 JGE Frame Specifications

Specification 2 Throw 4 Throw 6 Throw
Maximum Length, in. (m) 56 (1.42) 101 (2.57) 138 (3.51)
Approximate Weight with Cylinders, lb. (kg) 8000 (3630) 17,000 (7710) 25,000 (11 340)
Oil Pump Flow Rate @ Max. Rated
17 (1.1) 32 (2.0) 58 (3.7)
Speed & 180°F (82°C), GPM (L/s)
Oil Heat Rejection, BTU/hr. (kW) 34,000 (10.0) 68,000 (19.9) 102,000 (29.9)
Sump Capacity, US gallons (L) 15 (57) 37 (140) 56 (212)
Horsepower (kW) To 1070 (798) To 2140 (1596) To 3210 (2394)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 30,000 (133)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 30,000 (133)
TABLE C-3 JGK Frame Specifications

Maximum Length, in. (m) 57 (1.45) 101 (2.57) 140.5 (3.57)
Approximate Average Weight with Cylinders, lb. (kg) 10,000 (4540) 21,000 (9530) 31,000 (14 075)
13 (0.82) 26 (1.6) 46 (2.9)
Speed & 180°F (82°C), GPM (L/s)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 37,000 (165)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 37,000 (165)
PAGE C-2 3/11

For Models: JGH:E:K:T Appendix C - Frame Specifications
TABLE C-4 JGT Frame Specifications

Maximum Length, in. (m) 57 (1.45) 101 (2.57) 140.5 (3.57)
Approximate Weight with Cylinders, lb. (kg) 10,000 (4540) 21,000 (9530) 31,000 (14 075)
17 (1.1) 32 (2.0) 58 (3.7)
Speed & 180°F (82°C), GPM (L/s)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 37,000 (165)
Tension, lbf. (kN) 37,000 (165)
Opposed Throw - Reciprocating Weight Balancing

Ariel recommends a reciprocating weight differential between opposing throws of 2.5 pounds (1.1 kg)
or less for JGH:E:K:T compressors.
To replace a connecting rod assembly, piston, piston and rod assembly, balance nuts, or crosshead,
weigh component parts on a scale calibrated to 0.1 pounds (0.05 kg) and compare to the Balancing
Record in the compressor Parts Book. If the weight changes, recalculate opposing throw
reciprocating weight differential. If not within recommended limits, the compressor may require new
balance nuts and/or crossheads.
To exchange opposing throw cylinder locations, exchange all reciprocating components to the
opposite throw, except the connecting rod assemblies. Check the Balancing Record and recalculate
reciprocating weight differential, including the weight of the connecting rods. If not within
recommended limits, the compressor may require new crosshead balance nuts to reduce differential.
If unable to balance opposing throws within recommended limits, contact the packager or Ariel.
When applying or re-applying a different cylinder to a throw, recalculate opposing throw reciprocating
weight differential; new balance nuts and/or crossheads may be required. The force feed oil
distribution system may also need resized. Contact the packager or the Ariel Response Center for
detailed information about recommended reciprocating weight differential between opposing throws.
3/11 PAGE C-3

Appendix C - Frame Specifications For Models: JGH:E:K:T
TABLE C-5 JGH:E:K:T Approximate Component Weights, Lbs (Kg)

Component Weight Component Weight
Main/Connecting Rod Bearing 2 (1) Connecting Rod 100 (45)
Top Cover 2-Throw 55 (25) Crosshead Guide 850 (390)
Top Cover 4-Throw 115 (52) Crosshead See Notea
Top Cover 6-Throw 190 (90) Crosshead Pin 25 (12)
Spacer Bar 20 (10) Lube Oil Pump 2-Throw 36 (16)
End Cover Drive End 85 (40) Lube Oil Pump 4-Throw 36 (16)
End Cover Auxiliary End 130 (60) Lube Oil Pump 6-Throw 110 (50)
b
Crankshaft 2-Throw 450 (200) Frame Assembly w/o Cylinders
See Electronic Data
Crankshaft 4-Throwb 900 (400) VVCP Book in the Ariel
Crankshaft 6-Throwb 1350 (600) Cylinder Assembly Performance
Program.
Main Journal Caps 30 (15) Piston & Rod Assembly
a. For exact weights, see Balancing Record sheet provided by Ariel in the Parts Book for each compressor.
b. Crankshaft weight is without flywheel, vibration detuners, or damper.
PAGE C-4 3/11

Appendix D Compressor Clearance, Oil,

and Temperature Record
SERIAL NO. F-_____________________ MODEL Date ___________________
CRANKSHAFT THRUST (END) CLEARANCE, In. (mm)

Crankshaft Serial Number Thrust Clearance, In. (mm)
CONNECTING ROD THRUST (SIDE) CLEARANCE, In. (mm)

Throw 1 Throw 2 Throw 3 Throw 4 Throw 5 Throw 6
JACK CLEARANCES, In. (mm)

Throw # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Main Bearing
Conn. Rod
Bearing
After new bearing installation, if measured clearances exceed tolerances of Table B-1 in Appendix B, contact your packager
or Ariel before proceeding.
OIL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

Filter Inlet Filter Outlet Oil Temp.
Date Time RPM Oil Pressure Oil Pressure into Frame Remarks
psig (barg) psig (barg) °F (°C)
BEARING CAP TEMPERATURE, °F (°C), AFTER RUN TIME OF:

3 Minutes Idle Speed
Additional 3-5 Minutes Additional 10-15 Minutes
(engine, VFD)
Throw Full Speed Full Speed
1 Minute (single speed motor)
No Gas Load Gas Load
No Gas Load
Main Rod Main Rod Main Rod
1
2
3
4
5
6
3/11 PAGE D-1

Appendix D Compressor Clearance, Oil, and Temperature Record For Models: JGE:H:K:T
PAGE D-2 3/11

JGH - E - K - T Technical Manual PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

JGH - E - K - T Technical Manual PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Maintenance

Oil Strainer.................................................................................................................................. 3-8

Piston and Rod Installation....................................................................................................... 4-14

FIGURE 4-23 “BTUU” Single Acting Seal Set ...................................................................................... 4-21

General Safety - Reciprocating Compressors

Compressor Throw and Data Plate Locations

Top View (MAX. RELIEF VALVE SETTING)

www.arielcorp.com STROKE RATED RPM

CYLINDER SERIAL NO.

ARIEL FRAME MODEL

PLACE NEW ELEMENT(S) OVER SEAT IN BOTTOM OF VESSEL.

FRAME SERIAL NUMBER

WILL RESULT IF SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES

*FRAME RATED SPEED (RPM)

MINIMUM SPEED (RPM)

MAXIMUM ROD LOAD COMPRESSION

ARIEL SHIPPING DATE

*MAXIMUM UNIT SPEED IS THE LOWER OF

7 Auxiliary End Front Views

*FRAME RATED SPEED (RPM)

MINIMUM SPEED (RPM) THROW

MAXIMUM ROD LOAD TENSION

MAXIMUM LUBE OIL TEMPERATURE SEC@ RPM

CONSULT ARIEL TECHNICAL MANUAL BEFORE

1. VVCP Dimension Plate. 4. Compressor Drive End 7. Compressor Auxiliary End

Ariel Contact Information

Other Ariel Resources

Ariel Technical and Service Schools

3/11 PAGE 1-1

Ariel Separately Purchased Tools

4000 5000 6000

FIGURE 1-2 Ariel Separately Purchased Tools for JGH:E:K:T Compressors

PAGE 1-2 3/11

Ariel Separately Purchased Tool Kits

3/11 PAGE 1-3

j. One 6 lb. dead blow semi-soft faced hammer.

PAGE 1-4 3/11

magnetic pin housing normally threads into 6. Mode Button.

3/11 PAGE 2-1

Normally Open and Normally Closed Definition

2. Remove end plug from desired divider

valve. The Proflo installs on either side of

rect magnet housing for each divider IrDA PORT Set

NOTE: Do not install the Proflo on any Mode

3. Verify O-ring is in place on Proflo magnet 7

Proflo Button Operation

PAGE 2-2 3/11

3/11 PAGE 2-3

Proflo Battery Replacement

CAUTION: Explosion hazard! Disconnect/lockout electrical power to control circuits

PAGE 2-4 3/11

1. Remove the six battery cover screws. Battery Compartment

3/11 PAGE 2-5

Proflo Jr. No-Flow Switch

Proflo Jr. Installation

1. Loosen the two Allen head set

PAGE 2-6 3/11

Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement

FIGURE 2-5 Proflo Jr. Battery Replacement

CAUTION: Do not open the Proflo Jr. in an explosive gas atmosphere.

Digital No-Flow Timer (DNFT)

3/11 PAGE 2-7

PAGE 2-8 3/11

Green Insulate wires Green Insulate wires