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Experiment #1

KINEMATICS

CRUZ, JOHN MARBY B.

Radiology Technology/1st year/1-3

Group #3

Mr. Gilbert Moises Oca

September 10, 2019

Criteria Excellent Very Satisfactory Developing


Satisfactory
Neatness and Organization 6 4 3 2
Cover Page 4 3 2 1
Abstract 12 9 6 3
Introduction 8 6 4 2
Procedure 8 6 4 2
Data and Results 4 3 2 1
Interpretation of Data and Results 16 12 8 4
Conclusion 8 6 4 2
References 4 3 2 1

TOTAL _______ / 70
ABSTRACT

Objects fall because of the pull of gravity. When a falling object accelerates downwards at exactly

9.8 m/s2, and is not affected by friction and air resistance but is solely under the influence of gravity

alone, then the object is said to be in free fall motion. Using formulas in free fall motion, the group

computed for the acceleration due to gravity and then compared it with the theoretical value in

order to indicate its accuracy and percentage error. The picket fence got an average computation

for (g) of 10.08m/s2. He concluded that regardless of the mass, objects tend to fall with the same

rate of acceleration under such conditions, neglecting air resistance, and friction, due to gravity.

Projectile motion involves an object given an initial velocity and then launched following a curved

path under the influence of gravity and negligible air resistance. When this object moves

horizontally, it is affected by certain acceleration and its velocity becomes constant. However,

when it moves vertically, its acceleration is also constant where its velocity constantly changes by

9.8 m/s each second because of the influence of gravity here on Earth. Therefore, it concludes that

the horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its vertical motion. The path that this object

follows is known to be as a trajectory. The results then were compared to several theoretical values

according to the variations of the experiment and the group was able to get a less than 10%

percentage error which makes the experimental values accurate. Projectile motion can be applied

on a person’s daily life and activities, being aware of this concept could contribute to a person’s

performance in its everyday tasks.


INTRODUCTION

Aristotle’s theories has made Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist, subject himself to
experimentation as he started to perform multiple but very careful observations. Galilei dropped
two objects with different masses from the leaning tower of Pisa. He repeated this experiment “a
full hundred times” until he had the attained an accuracy such that the deviation between two
observations never exceeded one-tenth of a pulse beat. After finalizing things, Galileo wrote this
theory down in De Motu Antiquiora, a manuscript about falling bodies, although it has not been
published yet up until now. (1)
Free fall is considered as an important elementary example of motion, which is the motion
where an object is falling under sole influence of gravity. As a remarkable fact first discovered by
Galileo Galilei, objects in free fall motion tend to accelerate downwards at the same rate,
independent of their mass, as long as the air resistance is neglected. This means that under free fall
motion, all objects have constant acceleration (g) which is 9.8 m/s2; this constant acceleration due
to gravity (g) is based from the works of Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein as they dominated the
development of gravitational theory. (2)
Projectile motion is known to be a form motion applied to an object being thrown or ejected
and moves along in 2-Dimensions (x-axis, y-axis). Unlike from kinematics and free fall motion
where an object traces only 1-Dimensional axis and forms either horizontal or vertical path,
Projectile motion moves along the 2-axis and forms a parabolic path. Although projectile motion
can only be influenced by gravity alone and the presence of air resistance must always be negligible
or very small to be felt. (3)
There are many examples of projectile motion that can be observed on a person’s daily life.
Take for an instance the batting of a baseball, a ball thrown towards another direction, a bullet shot
from a gun; these are all examples and applications of projectile motion. Generally, those things
are called projectiles. (4)
SCHEMATIC PROCEDURE

I.

Set up the apparatus Drop the Picket Fence Make 5 trials


through the Photogate and
record the indicate time in
Xplorer GLX

Solve the Theoretical Value


and Percentage Error.

II.

Set up the apparatus Measure the vertical Fire the launcher five times
displacement as its leaves and record the data as
the barrel to the floor. indicate in the Xplorer GLX

Compute for the Percentage


Difference
DATA AND RESULTS

I.
Trial Vertical Displacement Velocity (m/s) Acceleration Due to
(m) gravity {m/s2)
1 0.30 2.47 10.17
2 0.35 2.52 9.07
3 0.30 2.55 10.58
4 0.30 2.49 10.33
5 0.30 2.48 10.25
Experimental Acceleration due to gravity, g 10.08
Theoretical Value 9.80 m/s^2
Percentage Error 6.24%

II.

Trial tGLX(s) vGLX(m/s) ymeasured(m) ycalculated(m) xmeasured(m) xcalculated(m)


1 0.71 3.06 1.18 1.08 1.84 1.67
2 0.71 3.06 1.18 1.08 1.84 1.67
3 0.71 3.07 1.18 1.07 1.84 1.68
4 0.70 3.03 1.18 1.04 1.81 1.62
5 0.71 3.07 1.18 1.07 1.84 1.68
Average 1.18 1.07 1.83 1.66
Percent Different 9.78% 9.14%
INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND RESULTS

I.

The group observed a constant velocity; there were no changes in the speed of the fall. This

is due to the constant value of gravity which is 9.8 m/s2. The difference in the objects’ size and

mass is neglected and so does the air friction or air resistance leaving an equal acceleration due to

gravity or gravitational acceleration which is always downward. This resulted in an equal elapsed

time for the two objects to fall. It can also be concurred that the data gathered by the group is

accurate since the experimental and theoretical data was compared and subjected to percentage

error formula.

II.

This experiment showed that the body falling horizontally falls at the same time with the

vertically launched projectile; because the horizontal component is independent from the vertical

component.It is believed that both of them will result with the same time of fall because there’s

the acceleration due to gravity acting on it. The data proved that it was indeed the same with 0.64%

difference of the computed average time of fall. The important concept depicted in the above

diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant during the course of the trajectory and the

vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second.


CONCLUSION

The laboratory experiment was demonstrated in order for the group to understand the concept

of free fall. The group discovered that when an object falls affected by gravity, its velocity

increments at a customary pace and the average of this pace is known as g = 9.8 m/s2 . In spite of

everything to the mass, objects will tend to fall with a similar rate of acceleration under such

conditions: ignoring air resistance and friction. Also, a free falling body is a body with the main

force following up on them is gravity. The group also, enabled the group to scrutinize the projectile

motion by deciding the inceptive velocity given to the ball and eventually envision the scope of a

shot. The group was able to perceive these things because of the knowledge that the experiment

has given. The group learned that both of the axis movements in projectile motion are independent

from each other, this means that acceleration in x-axis is constant and the same applies with the y-

axis and because of this occurrence, a parabolic path is made by the projectile as it travels from its

starting point up to its end point.


REFERENCES:

(1) Elert, Glenn (1998-2018). The Leaning Tower of Pisa. Retrieved 2 November 2018.

https://physics.info/falling/

(2) Faller, James E., Cook, Alan H., Nordtvedt, Kenneth L., (2013). G-force, Gravitation.

Brittanica Science Gravity-physics. Retrieved 2 November 2018.

https://www.britannica.com/science/gravity-physics

(3) Giancoli D. Physics Principles with Applications Seventh Edition

(4) Serway R A and Jewett J W, Jr. 2008 PHYSICS for Scientists and Engineers with Modern

Physics 7th ed. (Thomson Brooks/Cole, CA: Belmout)

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