Group No.

6 11 ABM - 3

GROUP MEMBERS:

 Dacasin, Irene Grace (10)

 Miran, Lucky Alyssa (10)
 Navarro, Ronabeth (10)
 Olivario, Mariah Kim (10)
 Pineda, Adrian Rey (10)
 Soniga, Rosemarie Randelyn (Leader)
 Tapang, Kervin Harvey (10)

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Review of Related Literature

"How can we ensure that education is the right one for

the times? "Different skill sets will be required for the

future. The next generation will need to be enterpreneurial,

willing to take risks and multicultural lynch(2013)

They also have to cope with an expectation of financially

supporting the family upon completing their education.

Studies from other Asian countries also show parents’ impact

in decision making of students when it comes to students’

course preference. Saysay, Karen-Lyn. (2011).

The involvement of family, school administrators and

guidance counselor to help students make good career choice

in the future is emphasized in the study who mentioned that

parents, teachers, and school counselors are all involved in

students’ career decision-making process. Finlayson, Kathy.

(2010)

Pascual (2014) presented that the availability of work

after finishing college is mainly considered by the high

school students and then followed by choosing the course as

a personal choice. The peer’s preference of course and

consideration of family business was considered the least

factor that affects the decision in choosing college course.

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Most of the student-respondents preferred scientific courses

which includes engineering and statistics courses.

Entrepreneurship is one of the skills included in the

Institutional Intended Learning Outcomes of the Lyceum of the

Philippines University wherein the students would be able to

engage in projects and activities using basic knowledge and

skills in business management, entrepreneurship and finance

management (Laguador, 2013). In his study, it was found out

that the variables Goal setting, Information seeking and

Persistence are the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

where the students obtained high scores.

Entrepreneurship education and enterprise experience

can affect characteristics commonly associated with

entrepreneurs among intermediate level students. Students

with training in entrepreneurship have greater overall

entrepreneurial characteristics, higher achievement

motivation, more personal control, and greater self-esteem

than a comparable cohort. Students who participate in

enterprise activities have greater overall entrepreneurial

characteristics, more personal control, greater self-esteem

and more innovation than a comparable cohort (Rasheed, 2001;

Sabarre, 2013).

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 However, Kelley et al (2010) propounded that within any

society it is important to support all people with

‘entrepreneurial mindsets’, not just the entrepreneurs, as

they each have the potential to inspire others to start a

business. Kelley argued that any educational training should

enable people not just to develop skills to start a business

but rather to be capable of behaving entrepreneurially in

whatever role they take in life. This approach is quite broad

but it captures the critical philosophy of modern

entrepreneurship education and training programmes required

if countries are to generate an increasing pool of people who

are willing to behave entrepreneurially. But how one develops

these skills and values, particularly with relevance to

growth-orientated business activities, remains a question to

which many researchers are still seeking an answer.

Communication Skills

To communicate effectively, you must be as good a

listener before being a good talker. Being in business means

working with other people, both as a leader and as a

subordinate. Both roles require humility, a civil attitude

even under duress, and respect for the various needs at play.

You should be able to articulate your thoughts clearly, both

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in writing and in meetings. You should be comfortable speaking

one on one or while public speaking. (Alison Doyle 2019)

Towers Watson has tracked the relationship between

internal communication, change management and business

success for a decade. In my books that’s enough time to

deliver substantive evidence that great communication and

business success are wildly compatible partners. The Towers

Watson ROI study in 2014 shows that “companies with high

effectiveness in change management and communication are

three and a half times more likely to significantly outperform

their peers.”

Leadership Skills

Kelloway & Barling (2010) define leadership as a process

of social influence that is enacted by individuals in formal

positions of power or leadership positions within an

organization, such as managers and supervisors. Although

leadership is not confined to individuals in formal

leadership positions, it is argued that these individuals may

have a particularly wide remit of influence within an

organization.

On the other hand, leadership involves establishing a

direction (e.g. creating a vision and establishing

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strategies), aligning people with organizational goals (e.g.

communicating goals and seeking commitment) and motivating

and inspiring people to achieve organizational goals (e.g.

empowering subordinates) (Kotter, 2010). n

Entrepreneurial Skills

Entrepreneurship is considered to be a key factor in

promoting economic development, innovation, competitiveness

and job creation, yet little is known about the skills

required for successful entrepreneurship. The term

‘entrepreneurship skills’ implies that competences can be

identified that are associated with (successful)

entrepreneurship and may be distinguished from attributes And

behaviours that are typically associated with entrepreneurs.

The debate as to whether and/or how entrepreneurship (skills)

can be taught3 is central to this study. If it can be

established that some ‘entrepreneurship skills’ can be

identified/learned/applied, there may be a case for policy

intervention to stimulate improved business performance,

competitiveness, innovation and job creation. Chell (2013)

In particular, a number of studies have suggested that

the creation of completely new opportunities, not the

discovery of already existing opportunities, lies at the

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heart of the entrepreneurial process. Moreover, while the

individual characteristics, knowledge and qualities of the

entrepreneur are important in this process (Shane &

Venkataraman, 2010)

Time Management Skills

Gerald (2012) defined time management as a set of

principles, practices, skills, tools and systems that work

together to help you get more value out of your time with the

aim of improving the quality of your life. (Aduke, 2015) in

his contribution asserts that time management is usually a

personal problem and if one instinctively knows what the right

is, then there is no need to worry.

Knowing time management can play a large role to

overcome so many complicated problems. By using time

management skill, people can increase their performance and

save themselves from wasting time. Understanding and using

time management maybe cannot solve the people’s problems,

but it can help people to find effective solutions and

results. (Elena-Simona Indreica et al., 2011)

Negotiation Skills

The method of negotiation base on produce a wise

agreement, efficient and improve or at least not damage the

7
relationship between the parties. Positional bargaining is

defined as the bargaining over positions so that each side

takes a position, argues for it and makes concessions to

reach a compromise. Besides, positional bargaining used to

take and give and produces unwise positions, inefficient

and Endangers ongoing relationships (Fisher, R. and Ury,

W2012).

It is important to maintain the initiative because

according to Oliver (2010) without maintaining it a

negotiator will lose three things. First, he will lose

money. He has spent money to be in the situation he is at

that moment. When the initiative is thrown away money is

also wasted. Second, he will lose control. A negotiator has

to have control so that the negotiation in moving in his

direction. The third and most damaging thing he will lose

is business. If a negotiator is not initiative his

negotiations may not be concluded and he will lose the

business. A negotiator has to maintain the initiative and

predetermine the next point of the contract and take

responsibility for it.