Organizational Environment Unit 1(OT) 27/8/2019

Head Key points

Meaning Forces, resource acquisition, functioning, no control
Types Specific, General. Complex, Competitive, Dynamic ( CCD )
Elements Social, political, legal, economic, technological…
Dimensions By Dess & Beard:
Capacity(poor, rich);Complexity ( simple, complex); Volatility ( stable, volatile)
Nature: Uncertainty; VUCA; Turbulent; Emery & Trist’s 4 kinds
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Organization- Two way traffic:
environment Forms: 1. Exchange of resources 2. Exchange of information 3. Exchange of influence.
interface
Organization Central to study. Specific goods & services. Various stakeholders. Source of core
domain: competence. Domain-Specific Environment-General Environment.
Why to Causes: Opportunities; Challenges; Threats( OCTs)
study? Reasons: efficiency, goal attainment, competitiveness, market share, survival
Impact of environment: Focus Areas: People, goals, structure, culture.
Examples in detail( page 25 to 31) Take care of ‘Locus & Focus’
Organization Virtual boundaries: two way: input side, output side. Permeable. More open.
boundaries Boundary-less (external, horizontal, vertical).
Kast & Rosenzweig: operative, coordinative, strategic levels.
Boundary Linking with environment, specialized positions, legal advisors, customer care
spanners. executives, market representatives. Departments(R &D). Boundary spanning role.
Theories/  Pfeffer & Salancik: Resource Dependence Perspective: competition, measurement,
thinkers: strategies)
 Miles & Snow: defenders, prospectors, analyzers, reactors strategies.
 Richard Whitley: impact of globalization- refuted the idea of just MNCs.
 Hannan & Freeman: Population ecology: why so many type of organizations?
 Emery & Trist: four type of environment & strategies
Placid-randomized; Placid Clustered; Disturbed-Reactive; turbulent-field
 Burns & Stalkers: Structural contingency theory.
Mechanistic Structure ( in stable E). Organic Structure ( in dynamic E).
 Thompson :Internal strategies(buffering, leveling, forecasting, rationing)
External strategies[Direct(Competitive, cooperative) Indirect(1,2,3,4)]
 Henry Mintzberg- five organization types due to interplay of three factors.
Five parts of organisation.
 Porter’s 3 Generic Strategies (Cost, Innovation & Focus) & Stuck in the Middle.
Impact of IT  On goals: global, faster, multi-stakeholders, transparent, changing, risks.
 On structure: Flat, Integration, outsourcing, network org., lean & thin, New posts,
liquid work-force, weakening of concept of structure, any-time, anywhere, C&D,
Fluid structure(Uber), Hybrid Managers.
 On Culture: quick, professionalism, global benchmarks, open culture, BCP, role &
Contribution, closure to customers, re-use.., Innovative Culture, changed DM.
 Impact of disruptive technologies- new goals, new structures, new businesses.

Ranker’s Classes Page 1