TRAINING REPORT

AT

PREET TRACTORS PVT. LTD.

(TRACTOR DIVISION)
NABHA

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dilbir Singh
(HOD of Mechanical.) ME-5th
90111124341
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 CONTENTS

S. No. Particular

1. Acknowledgement

2. Company Profile

3. Location

4. Technical Specifications f Tractors

5. Quality Policy

6. Engine Assembly

7. Engine Testing

8. Tractor Assembly

9. Engg. Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly thankful to Mr.Y.C. AGGARWAL (Managing Director), Mr.RAJINDER

PLA GUPTA (GM HR&A) for permitting me to join the industry & to get useful in
information about the plant.

For full completion of my Industrial Training, Training Report and the help during
the Training Period, I Express my sincere thanks to Mr. SANJEEV SHARMA, Sony
Singh ( Quality assurance, Tractor Assembly )

It is also my pleasure to express my gratitude towards the staff of parts inspection

Department for their full Co-operation and giving me the knowledge of instrument
and project to their best.

To sum up a heavy thanks to all those who through formal and informal way
guided me throughout my project work, I will cherish their support for the years to
come.

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 COMPANY PROFILE

PREET is a well known name in the field of agro industries. It was established in
year 1980 by Sh. Hari singh

His hard working efforts and continues improvement in the company has now
made it the number one manufacturer in the field of combine manufactureThe
development of tractors which started in house in 2001, was materialized in
launching manufacturing activities of tractors have started in early 2003. A batch
of 21 tractors have been tested (On all the farming operation) through farmers who
had the vast experience in agriculture. . Now this company has six improved
models of tractor.

1. PREET 3549 DI (35HP ENGINE POWER)

2. PREET 4049 DI (40HP ENGINE POWER)
3. PREET 4549 DI (45HP ENGINE POWER)
4. PREET 5049 DI (50HP ENGINE POWER)
5. PREET 6049 DI (60HP ENGINE POWER)
6. PREET 4X4 (75HP ENGINE POWER)

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PREET is the first Indian company, which has designed 75HP engine. Company's
growth is 150% as compare to the last , year. The Daily production is 15 tractors
now days. The demand of this tractor is in the northern, southern and central region
of India,Sri Lanka,Bangladesh and Pakistan. from the New Year production of
the two new models of tractors is starting. Models are of 30HP and 25HP

Turnover of the company during the last year was of Rs. 400 crore. Market image
of this company is increasing day by day.

LOCATION

The factory is located at Nabha a city of Punjab.

PREET TRACTORS is situated on Nabha Patiala Road about 3 KM hardly fifteen

minutes drive from the main Bus stand of Nabha. Preet Combine is a private
concern of India Particularly in state of Punjab. This factory was among first to be
set up in this industrial town.

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 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATOINS OF PREET TRACTOR

ENGINE 3549 DI 4049 DI

POWER / CYLINDER 35 H.P. /3 40 H.P. /3
BORE/STROKE 95/110 97/110
MODEL/MAKE DI/PREET DI/PREET
ENGINE (RPM) 2100 2100(RATED)
CAPACITY 2340 CC 2438 CC

TRANSMISSION
CLUCH DRY SINGLE CLUCH DRY SINGLE CLUCH
BRAKES DRY DISC MECH DRY DISC MECH
STEERING WORM & SCREW WORM & SCREW
LIFT SYSTEM HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC
LIFT CAPACITY 1200 Kgs 1200 Kgs

POWER TAKE OFF

SPLINES SPEED 21,1000RPM 21,1000RPM

TYRE SIZE
FRONT 6.00X16(8PLY) 6.00X16(8PLY)
REAR 13.6X28(12 PLY) 13.6X28(12 PLY)
WEIGHT 1945 Kgs 1945 Kgs

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DIMENSIONS (MM)
LENGTH 3580 3580
WIDTH 1720 1720
GROUND CLEARANCE 400 400

CAPACITY
DIESEL TANK 56 Ltrs 56 Ltrs
ENGINE 6.50 Ltrs 6.50 Ltrs
COOLING SYSTEM 8 Ltrs 8 Ltrs
TRANSMISSION 55 Ltrs 55 Ltrs

PREET 3549 DI
PREET 4049 DI

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATOINS OF PREET TRACTOR

ENGINE 5049 DI 6049 DI

POWER / CYLINDER 50 H.P. /4 60 H.P. /4
BORE/STROKE 95/110 100/110
MODEL/MAKE DI/PREET DI/PREET
ENGINE (RPM) 2100 RPM 2200 RPM
CAPACITY 3120 CC 3456 CC
TRANSMISSION
CLUCH DRY DUAL CLUCH DRY DUAL CLUCH
BRAKES DRY DISC MECH DRY DISC MECH
STEERING WORM & P0WER WORM & POWER
LIFT SYSTEM HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC
LIFT CAPACITY 1800 Kgs 1800 Kgs

POWER TAKE OFF

SPLINES SPEED 6 (540 RPM) 6(540RPM)

TYRE SIZE
FRONT 6.00X16(8PLY) 7.50X16(8PLY)
REAR 14.9X28(12 PLY) 16.9X28(12 PLY)
WEIGHT 2150 Kgs 2170 Kgs

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DIMENSIONS (MM)
LENGTH 3740 3820
WIDTH 1795 1900
GROUND CLEARANCE 430 457

CAPACITY
DIESEL TANK 56 Ltrs 56 Ltrs
ENGINE 9 Ltrs 9 Ltrs
COOLING SYSTEM 11 Ltrs 12Ltrs
TRANSMISSION 55 Ltrs 55 Ltrs

PREET 5049 DI PREET 6049DI

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 QUALITY POLICY

We at PREET Tractors Ltd. are committed to the total customer delight by:
1. Providing consistent quality of tractors of combines through the best
utilization of the people and technology.
2. Involving all employees in an environment of learning and continuous
improvement.
3. Maintaining a safe and satisfying work culture.
4. Developing committed suppliers.
5. Adhering to Quality management systems based on ISO 9001: 2008 QMS.

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 ENGINE ASSEMBLY

DETAILS OF ENGINE ASSEMBLY

STAGE l:
Three lines are present at standard size
a) A Grade tolerance +12 micron.
b) B Grade tolerance +24 micron.
c) C Grade tolerance +36 micron.
The cylinder has two seats: -
1. For water.
2. For oil.
The Grade sign of the liner should be kept toward the camshaft.

Crankshaft Fitting:

First of all bush type liners are inserted into the bearing holes. The liner is provided
with recess to store a minimum amount of oil, which wets as the crankshaft during
storing engine. The bearing cup is opened and crankshaft assembly placed into it.
The bearing cup is tightened again with 10-12 Kg-m torque rod and crankshaft is
checked that it is revolving easily or not

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STAGE2:

Piston Assembly Fitting: -

The piston assembly is filled into the liner and big end is tightened to crankshaft
Line is filled with A grade piston assembly. The grade mark should towards
camshaft. The piston ring cuts should be so adjusted that there should not be in
same line

Piston

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Stage 3:

Lubrication Oil Pump Mounting: -

The lubrication oil pumps connected to crankshaft gear by an idle gear of 2-3
degree. The crankshaft and pump gear has 22 teeth each. The pump is provided
with relief valve [through], which opens at kgf.
In the case of are loading or something injected in main gallery then pressure is
released from their valves.

Rear Cover & Front Cover Mounting: -

The rear cover and front cover are cleaned perfectly with air and filled to engine
with seals in between [mounted].

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Stage 4

Cam Shaft Fitting: -

The camshaft is inserted into the camshaft hole with bearing and bolt ends are
locked by circle. The camshaft is forged from alloy steel or cast iron and is case
hardened.

The one end of the camshaft is provided with gear, which is locked, gear z-50 for
exact timing of the camshaft gear mark is matched with the mark on idle gear.
Another gear pump is attached with idle gear, which serves the purpose of driving
the fuel injection pump.

Cam Shaft

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FLYWHEEL MOUNTING

The flywheel is mounted the crankshaft and bolts are tightened with 11-12 kg-m
force. The F.LP is connected to F.LP gear through the F.LP drive shaft.

The F.LP. drive shaft is specifically designed to advance the time of injection. The
both ends of F.1.P. drive shaft is provided with spline, one side a key is provided
which is locked to timing gear and recess on their side is pushed in to F.LP. slots.
The angle between the key and recess of 18°', thus the fuel injection is advanced by
18° degree.

Fly wheel

Cylinder Head mounting:

The cylinder head assembly is placed on the piston and studs are passed through it.
If the height of the piston at TDC from the surface is more then 0.1 mm than the
gaskets of given thickness are used. If it is 0.1 to 0.5 mm then 1.2mm thick gasket
is used. If it is 0.5 to 0.8 mm then 1.5 mm thick ,gasket is used. The cylinder nuts
are tightened by 17-18 Kg-m forces

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Stage 8:
Fuel Injection Pump Mounting and Setting of Fuel Injection Pump
The gear of F.I.P. is first of all meshed with F.LP. drive shaft and is loosely
tightened to set the timing of gear first of all pointer is tightened on the crankcase
and flywheel us rotated which is meshed for 16 , 18 , 20, 24 angles. The pointer at
set at 18 of flywheel and then the pump is rotated clockwise till one from first
nozzle stop out blowing. At this position a cut mark is made on both the pump and
crankcase for further setting. The pump is tightened properly and pipes are
tightened over nozzle and injectors. The head of position is covered with covers
and the complete engines are sending to engine testing shop. The whole of engine
shop is air-cooled.

Fuel Injection Pump

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 ENGINE TESTING
INTRODUCTION

Engine testing is done for checking the performance of newly assembled engine to
found out any assembled fault, their HP, leakage and other fault. Engine testing
shop of the STD is equipped with latest digital control equipment. The engine
testing is done with the help of turbine (Water) or hydro dynamometer is four in
number so that engine is tested at a time. The shop is equipped with heavy-duty oil
filter, which is used to clean the oil from dust or other large particle. The shop has
bush pump tester is measured on the based of S.A.E ratings. The society of
automobile engineer's USA has specified die method of measuring the power
output of the engine for standardized purpose. The engine is run without generator .

TRACTOR TESTING

Tractor testing is done under the international organization for standardization

(ISO). The first tractor with an internal combustion engine was introduced in
American agriculture in the year 1889. The tractor-testing act was passed in U.S.A
in 1920. In India tractor-testing station was finally establish at Budani in 1959 for
tractor testing atmospheric pressure shall not be less than 96.6 Kpa.
The basic task in the design and development of engines is to reduce the cost and
improve the efficiency and the power output. In the order to achieve the above task
the development engineer has to compare the developed engine with the other
engines in terms of its output and efficiency. Towards the end engineer has to test
the engine and mal<e measurements of relevant parameters that reflect the
performance of the engine.

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 ENGINE TESTING AT PREET TRACTORS

PURPOSE OF TESTING A TRACTOR ENGINE:

In general purpose of testing an I.C. engine is to determine the following:
1. To determine the rated power output with respect to the fuel combustion in
Kg per Kw hr brake power output.
2. To determine the mechanical and thermal efficiencies of the engine.
3. To see the performance of the engine at different loads.
4. To determine the quantity of lubricating oil required per B.P. Kw-hr. e) To
determine the quantity of cooling water required per B.P. Kw-hr. f) To
determine the overload carrying capacity of the engine.
5. To prepare the heat balance sheet of the engine.

Engine Testing

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 SOME IMPORTANT TERMS AS ISI TERMINOLOGY

Speed:

The speed of a engine is the mean speed of its crankshaft in RPM. Except in the
case of free piston engines where the speed is the number of cycles per minute of
the reciprocating components.

Steady Load Speed Band:

It is the maximum total variation in speed expressed as a percentage of the mean

speed, which may occur while there is no change in the external load conditions.

Continuous Power

The power which engine is capable of delivering continuously between the normal
maintenance intervals stated by the manufacturer at the stated speed and under
stated operating conditions.

Indicated Power:

It is the total power developed in the working cylinder by the gases on the
combustion side of the working pistons.

Friction Power:

It is the power consumed in the frictional resistance.

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Brake Power:

It is the total power consumed in frictional resistance.

Fuel Consumption:

It is the quantity of fuel consumed per unit of power per unit of time. It is generally
expressed in grams of fuel consumed per B.H.P.

Mechanical Efficiency:

It may be defined as the ratio of the power obtained at the crank shaft i.e. Brake
power to the Indicated power.
Thus Mechanical Efficiency = Brake power (B.P.) /Indicated power (Z P.)

Thermal Efficiency:

Indicated Thermal Efficiency:

It may be defined as the ratio of heat converted into indicated work to the heat
energy supplied by the fuel, during a specified period of time.
So, Indicated Thermal Efficiency
= Heat equivalent to LP per min. / heat energy supplied by fuel per min. = LP.
* 60 / Mf *CV

Brake Thermal Efficiency:

It may be defined as the ratio of the heat equivalent to Brake power (B.P.) to the
heat energy supplied by the fuel during a specific time.

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So, Brake Power Efficiency
=Heat equivalent to B.P. per min. /Heat supplied by fuel per min. =B.P.
*60/Mf*CV

Preparation for Test:

Test runs shall be made on an engine as being offered to the consumers. Before
starting the engine tests, the engine shall have been thoroughly run in the fuel and
lubricating oil used during the test shall be specified by the engine manufacture.

In general the engine operating temperatures and the lubricating oil pressure during
the test shall be maintained at the values recommended by the manufacturer. In
engine testing we note down the following data:
1. Revolution per minute (R.P.M)
2. Fuel Time
3. Engine Lub. Oil pressure
4. Water outlet temp.
5. Lubricating oil temp.
6. Torque (N-M).
7. Smoke reading with the help of Bosch smoke meter.
8. In case of silencer a noise meter & U-tube manometer for measuring
backpressure.
With the help of the data we calculate following parameters:

1) B.HP = R.P.M *N-Ml Dynamometer Constant Per B.KP per hour. .

(Which are 7023.746 for Dynamometers used at STANDARAD)

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2) In kilowatts = R.P.M *N-M/9549.305
3) Specific fuel consumption (S.F.C) =297000/B.KP*fuel time
Gram per B.H.P per hour
Where 297000= 0.825 * 100 *3600
4) Torque Brake up (T.B. U)
= Max. Torque -Rated Torque / Rated Torque

Dynamometer is the instrument used at STANDARD to measure the engine power

and it must include at least four essential elements:
1. A means for controlling torque.
2. A means for measuring torque.
3. A means for measuring speed.
4. A means for dissipating the power.

Dynamometers are of mainly two types:

Absorption type:
a) Mechanical b) Hydraulic

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 TRACTOR ASSEMBLY SHOP

Type of PTO Tractor

There are three types of PTO Tractor:

1. Multi PTO Tractor
2. Ground PTO Tractor
3. Simple PTO Tractor

Multi PTO Tractor:

it can be work in gear at stop position as in at well which help in achieving the
move speed as compare with other tractor. Multi PTO tractor is work at six high
speed & six low speed gears.

Ground PTO Tractor:

It is work in PTO in gear is only when tractor going as thoster and reaper. It can be
given only turo speed.

One directly to PTO and other throw the gear when tractor is going on. It cannot
work in gear when tractor is sleep gear is put through the idle gear.

Simple PTO Tractor:

It is the PTO which can be work at 540 R.P.Iv1 in one speed when the tractor is
stop and going on. Tractor is work in only one speed.

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INTRODUCTION TO ASSEMBLY SHOP

Tractor assembly shop is main shop of preet tractor division. In this shop the
different machining parts, housing and other component, which are machined on
the other department or purchased, from outside are assembled here.

Then assembled components like differential housing, gearbox rear cover, trumpet
housing and other housing are sending to in main line for tractor assembly. In main
tractor assembly line tractors are said to paint shop through overhead endless chain
rotating conveyor.

Following are main phase of assembly.

1. Differential Housing Assembly
2. Rear Cover Assembly
3. Gear Box Assembly
4. Main line Assembly Phase
5. Paint Phase
6. Assembly of accessories and inspection

1.Deferential Housing Assembly :-

It is rear part of the tractor cheesy. The main function of differential in tractor is to
reduce the final and also to turn the drive round at 90 degree. The reduction of the
speed is done in two staged. First stage reduction in tail pinion and crown wheel
meshing and second stage reduction in bull gear meshing with left and rights BP
shaft.

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 Assy. Of Differential

It is also consisting the PTO shaft (Power take off shaft), which is used to run the
thrashers, pumps and other accessory components with the help of pulley attached
on it.

Following are the main Parts of Differential Housing: -

Crown Wheel.
Tail Pinion.
Cage assembly with Sun & Planet gears.
P.T.O Shaft.
B.P. Shaft Left & right.
Bull Gears.
Bevel Gear.
Bearings.
Brakes Housing Assembly
Oil Seals,
Gaskets etc.

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Assembly of Crown Wheel:

First of all components are washed with oil to remove the dirty particles. Cage
having two holes in these holes dowels are tight fitted for accurate fitting of crown
so that a11 other holes of the cage and crown are in same line. The crown wheel is
pressed on case with hydraulic press and then tightened by bolts with lock washer,
and then the right bevel gear is placed on their cage seat. The four plant gears are
put on across with washer and then assembly is placed in the cage. Then left bevel
gear is placed. Operator checks the motion of the gear by manual inspection

Tail Pinion Assembly:

In tail pinion assembly the cone for taper roller bearing is pressed with hydraulic
press. The bearing is heated before the tight fit, the tail pinion is inserted inside
bearing. The different size shims are also placed before tightening of rear cover of
cage. Whole assembly is tightened by nuts and bolts.

Rear Axle Assembly:

In rear axle assembly bolts are tight fitted in the holes of hub. Where the rear tire is
tightened with bolts to the whole assembly. Two bearing on either side of the
trumpet housing are tightened at gang drill

Brake Assembly:

Standard Tractors are provided with heavy self energizing water sealed disc brakes
with ventilation pipe, which gives better cooling.
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The ventilated results in reduction of about 30% in pad temperature. Brake housing
cover contains to disc made of asbestos base. The max temp resistance is about 300
degree C. below this is two disc plate a cast iron plate is fixed which is held by
springs. Whenever brakes are applied plate tends to expand. During expanding of
C.I plate the discs strongly mounted on BY left and BY right shaft stops the
movement of differential.

P.T.O Shaft Assembly:

Two bearings, which tight it fit on P.T.O shaft, are firstly places with help of
circles then P.T.O shaft assembly is passed through rear PTO hope of differential
housing.

Following Three Tests are done:

1. Back Lash Testing
2. %Age of contact
3. Pattern Test

BACK LASH TESTING

This test is performed with the help of plunger dial gauge. Back lash in crown
wheel is not more then 20 to 30 micron if it is deviated from this value then
packing is changed on either side (left or side) of cage of bearing housing. But
never change the number of shim. If Backlash is more than 30 micron then shims
from right side is removed and shifted in to left side. IF it is less then 20 micron
then vice versa. Also require run out for crown wheel is OS-l mm.

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2.REAR COVER ASEEMBLY:-

Rear cover assembly is used to cover the differential housing. It contains lift
control system, which is hydraulically operated. Driver seat is fitted on the upper
side of rear cover. The response valve housing (R.V), control valve, ram cylinder
and other component assembly fitted inner and outer side of rear covers assembly.

The main components fitted on rear cover assembly are: -

a) Control valve assembly
b) RN. housing assembly
c) Ram cylinder and piston assembly
d) Operating sector assembly,
e) Sensor tube assembly
f) Gaskets, bolts, nuts
g) Other Components

Ram Cylinder Assembly: -

It contains cylinder with piston inserted inside it. The relief valve assembly is
mounted at top front of cylinder. The connecting rod is placed in piston rear side
and one side is locked with ram arm assembly. Rock arm, spacer and seals are
placed. At the end of rock arm assembly, lift arm assembly is placed & then locked
with bolts on both sides.

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3.Gear Box Assembly:-
In gear box assembly all gears are fit in gear box housing. All scrabs are fit in all
gears. In this main shaft is fit.
Break and gear testing by driving:-

In this test the brakes and gear. At first run a tractor on middle speed and suddenly
put the brakes. If tractor is stop correctly then passed it. Minimum speed for
change a gear is measure in this.

In break testing paths

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

In Engineering Department at preet Tractors the main works are done of making
catalogue, dealing with ISO and project regarding testing of tractor from Central
Farm Machinery Testing & Training Institute (CFMT&TI), Budni (M.P.) and
Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune.

This department takes responsibility of implementation of system given by ISO. It

also helps to perform Audits.

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In this department, making of service operator of service Manual, Price list and
giving part No. according to requirement of company is being done.

It also takes responsibility to update the Bill of Materials (BOM) for Analyzing the
Cost.

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