Energy in chemical

23 reactions

23.1
Thermometer

The reaction of water with ammonium chloride is

endothermic. What would you expect to observe if
you added water to the boiling tube containing
ammonium chloride as shown in Figure 23.1? Boiling tube

Ammonium chloride

Figure 23.1

23.2

(a) Name two substances which react together to give out heat.

(i) (ii)

(b) Name two substances which react together to take in heat.

(i) (ii)

(c) When measuring temperature changes, digital thermometers reading to at least

one place of decimals are more commonly used than mercury thermometers.
Explain.

(d) A
plastic bottle is filled with a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas. What would
you expect to observe?

(e) If the cap from the plastic bottle is removed and a lighted taper is brought near
the mouth of the bottle, what would you expect to observe?

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23 ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

23.3

(a) Explain the meaning of the following terms:

(i) Exothermic reaction

(ii) Endothermic reaction

(iii) Activation energy

(iv) Energy profile diagram

(b) Explain why chemical reactions are faster at a higher temperature.

23.4

(a) Draw an energy profile diagram for an exothermic reaction.

(b) Draw an energy profile diagram for an endothermic reaction.

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23 ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

(c) U
sing an energy profile diagram, explain why a catalyst affects the rate of
reaction.

23.5

A student investigated the reaction of an acid called oxalic acid found in rhubarb
with a chemical called potassium permanganate. The student was asked to study the
effect of the size of the pieces of rhubarb on how quickly the purple colour of the
potassium permanganate changed to colourless when the solution reacted with the
rhubarb. The student added one large piece of rhubarb to the solution of potassium
permanganate. He repeated the experiment using a piece of rhubarb of a similar size
but which had been cut into 10 small pieces. What result would you predict for this
experiment? Explain your answer.

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23 ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Standardised Science Test questions on this chapter

1 A reaction that takes in heat is called an: 6 The minimum energy which colliding particles
(a) Exothermic reaction must have for a reaction to occur is called the:
(b) Exorbitant reaction (a) Actionating energy
(c) Endodermic reaction (b) Activity energy
(d) Endothermic reaction (c) Activation energy
(d) Action energy
Answer: ________________
Answer: ________________
2 When an exothermic reaction occurs the
7 A
n energy profile diagram is a graph which
temperature of the chemicals in the flask:
shows the change in energy of a chemical
(a) Increases (c) Stays the same reaction with:
(b) Decreases (d) None of the (a) Energy (c) Heat
above (b) Time (d) Light
Answer: ________________ Answer: ________________

3 When an endothermic reaction occurs the 8 T

he energy profile diagram shown in
temperature of the chemicals in the flask: Figure 23.2 represents:
(a) Increases (c) Stays the same (a) An exothermic reaction
(b) Decreases (d) None of the (b) An endothermic reaction
above (c) A catalysed reaction
Answer: ________________ (d) An uncatalysed reaction
Answer: ________________
4 When an endothermic reaction takes
place:
(a) Heat is given out.
(b) Light is given out.
Energy

(c) Heat is taken in.

EA Products
(d) Light is taken in.
H
Answer: ________________ Reactants

5 Which of the following statements is not Time

true?
(a) Hydrogen gas consists of hydrogen
molecules.
(b) Hydrogen and oxygen always
explode when mixed.
(c) Oxygen gas consists of oxygen
molecules.
(d) Hydrogen and oxygen molecules
collide with each other when mixed.
Answer: ________________
Figure 23.2
9 In the reaction between marble chips
and dilute hydrochloric acid, which of the
following statements is not correct?
(a) P article size affects the rate of
reaction.
(b) The smaller the particle size, the more
surface area exposed.
(c) The larger the particle size, the more
surface area exposed.
(d) More collisions take place with the
smaller marble chips than with the
large marble chips.
Answer: ________________

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23 ENERGY IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Reaction without catalyst

10 Which of the following statements is not Reaction with catalyst
correct?
(a) C
oncentration affects the rate of
reaction. A
(b) The greater the concentration, the

Energy
more spread out the molecules. Reactants

(c) The greater the concentration, the

closer the molecules. B
Products
(d) An increase in concentration
increases the rate of the reaction. Time
Figure 23.3
Answer: ________________

11 F
igure 23.3 shows an energy profile
diagram, drawn by a student, for a 12 Which of the following statements is
catalysed and uncatalysed reaction. Which correct?
of the following statements is correct? (a) A catalyst always increases the
(a) The reaction is an endothermic activation energy.
reaction. (b) A catalyst decreases the number of
(b) A represents the activation energy effective collisions.
with the catalyst. (c) A
catalyst has no effect on the
(c) B represents the activation energy activation energy.
without the catalyst. (d) A catalyst lowers the activation
(d) The reaction is an exothermic energy.
reaction.
Answer: ________________
Answer: ________________

Acknowledgements
Illustrations by Oxford Designers and Illustrators.

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