10/17/19

PSYCHOLOGY
Psyche – soul or mind
Logy – study /science of
Psychology – study of the human

THE mind (soul) and its mental states

and processes
PSYCHOLOGICAL - the characteristic temperament
PERSPECTIVE OF (moodiness, irritability,
sensitivity) and associated
THE SELF behavior of a person or group, or
that exhibited by those engaged
in an activity

n The Psychology of self

focuses on the THE
representation of an
individual based on his/her TOOTHPASTE
experiences either from the
home, school and other PERSONALITY
groups, organizations or TEST
affiliations he/she engaged
in.

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THINKING, A.K.A. COGNITION

Cognition
refers to
mental
activities
and processes
associated with
thinking,
knowing,
remembering,
and
communicating
information.

§ SELF-UNDERSTANDING

SELF AS A COGNITIVE
CONSTRUCTION
n Cognitive Construction – a
cognitive approach that focuses
on the mental processes rather
than the observable behavior.
This approach assists the
individuals in assimilating new
information to their existing
knowledge and enables them to
make the appropriate modification
to their existing intellectual
framework to accommodate the
new information.

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PIECES OF COGNITION:
CONCEPTS
A concept can
be
represented
and
communicated
by an image,
or by a word Sort
Sort by by
number color

Sort according to unspoken

rule

THE NINE-DOT PROBLEM THE NINE-DOT PROBLEM:

SOLUTION

Solving
this
Use four requires
Straight Escaping
lines to fixation
connect by
the Thinking
nine outside
dots. the
box.
Literally.

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PROBLEM SOLVING GENERATING RATIONAL

FIGURE OUT ALTERNATIVES
Strategies HOW
TO
RESOLVE Notice It Question It Change It
SITUATIONS
CATCH CHECK CHANGE
trial and error ALTERNATIVE Joe is upset I am jumping can ask Joe
SOLUTIONS with to why he is
me. conclusions. frowning. I might
be able to help.

insight SUDDEN REALIZATION I am an idiot. I am name- one small

calling. mistake does not
make me an
idiot.

n The initiative of Wilhelm Wundt,

the father of Scientific

William James' Psychology, scientific methods in

studying the “phenomenon of the
consciousness”, urged further

Theory of Self studies of the self and its role in

human behavior. William James’
distinction between the self as
knower (pure ego or “I”) and the
self as known (empirical self or
“ME”) provides a useful scheme
within which to view the
multitudinous aspects of self-
functioning.

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William James (January11,

William James -
1842 – August 26, 1910)
associated with the
was an American
philosophical school
philosopher and
psychologist who was known as pragmatism,
and is also cited as one of
also trained as a
the founders of functional
physician. The first
psychology. He also
educator to offer a
developed the
psychology course in the
United States, others have philosophical perspective
known as radical
labeled him the "Father of
empiricism.
American psychology".

n JAMESIAN THEORY OF SELF

n The“I” Self is classified

William James’ theory of Self
as the thinking self. He
is divided into two main
linked this part of the
categories: “I” Self and
self to the soul of a
“ME” Self.
person, or what is now
thought of as the mind.
The “I” is th e compon ent of
the self th at is
“consciousness” itself.

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The “ME” Self refers to the n William James suggested that

aspect of the self that the total self of ‘Me’, being
‘duplex’ is composed of “partly
comes from the person's object and partly subject.”
experiences.
n James broke the “ME" self down
The "Me" can be thought of as into three sections:
a separate object or
individual a person refers to
when describing personal The Material Self
experiences. He called the The Social Self
"Me" part of self the The Spiritual Self
"empirical me".

Material self n For James, the core of the

material self was the body.
consists of things that Second to the body, James
felt a person's clothes were
belong to us or that we important to the material self.
belong to. Things like He believed a person's
family, clothes, our clothes were one way they
expressed who they felt they
body, and money are were; or clothes were a way
some of what makes up to show status, thus
our material selves. contributing to forming and
maintaining one's self-image.

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nSocial self
Our social selves are who we
are in a given social situation.
For James, people change
how they act depending on
the social situation that they
are in. James believed that
people had as many social
selves as there are social
situations they participated
in.

n Forexample, a person
may act in a different
way at work when
compared to how that
same person may act
when they are out with
a group of friends.

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n Spiritual self Aspects of an individual's

spiritual self include
For James, the spiritual
things like his/her
self is who we are at our
personality, core values,
core. The spiritual self is
and conscience.
more permanent than the
other two selves. The
spiritual self is our The “I” is not a substance
subjective and most and therefore could not
intimate self. be examined by science.

n ForJames, achieving a
high level of
understanding of who
we are at our core, or
understanding our
spiritual self is more
rewarding than
satisfying the needs of
the social and material
selves.