ON

Radio Communication And Transmission At All India Radio

Presented By:
Sandipan Shaw & Madhurima Pal
th
7 sem, ECE
Before 1927, a number of amateur radio associations had been
permitted to broadcast on very low power in various parts of
INDIA. The Kolkata station was inaugurated on August 26
1927.We should remember that the name of Kolkata’s All India
Radio office is “AKASHBANI BHABAN” which name is given
by a great poet of Bengal Kabi Guru Rabindranath Tagore
 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a

distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times,
this process typically involves the sending of
 electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters.
In a broadcast system a central high-powered broadcast tower
transmits a high-frequency electromagnetic wave to numerous
low-powered receivers.
 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

Basic elements: Each telecommunication system consists of three

basic elements:
a transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signal
a transmission medium over which the signal is transmitted
a receiver that receives the signal and converts it back
into usable information
 WHAT IS MODULATION?

Modulation may be defined as a process by which some

characteristics of a signal known as carrier is varied according to
the instantaneous value of another signal known as modulating or
base band signal.
Purpose of modulation:
o To reduce antenna height
o To Remove interference
 TYPES OF MODULATION?

On the basis of type:

Analog:
Amplitude
Frequency
Digital:
o Amplitude shift keying
o Phase shift keying
o Frequency shift keying
 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to Comsat) is an artificial

satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications.
It is used for mobile application
S

UP
DOWN

EARTH SURFACE
STATIO
STATIO
 A.I.R STUDIO AND BROADCASTING

1.Broadcasting Chain in air

The broadcast of any programme from source to listener involves use
o Studios
 Microphone
 Different types of player.
 Announcer console
 Switching console
Transmitter
 2.Audio console
Audio console is a device which can receive number of audio inputs of
different levels which in turn can be mixed or switched into one or
more output through audio buses.
Depending on its functions they are called
 Recording console
 Announcer console
Switching console
 3. Captive Earth Station
The earth station is the ground segment of the satellite communication
It is used for up-linking radio program to the satellites. Since it is used
exclusively for up linking AIR’s programme. It is called Captive Earth
Station.
Requirements:
 High gain in direction of wanted signals
 Low gain in direction of unwanted signals
High Antenna efficiency
Block Diagram of Captive Earth Station
 A.I.R MEDIUM WAVE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Propagation of radio waves takes place in different modes:

1. Ground (surface) waves
2. Space (Tropospheric) waves
3. Sky (Ionospheric) waves
Allocation of frequency:
1. Long Wave: 48KHz – 283.5Khz ( Not used in india)
2. Medium Wave:
a. MF: 300-3000 KHz
b. MF Band : 531KHz
c. Channel Spacing : 9 KHz
 FM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The objective of All India Radio is achieved by educating & entertaining the people with a
view of creating awareness among them about the nation’s potential for development its
problem & soliciting their participation in the implementation of government’s policies
plans &programmes.
From AKASBANI BHABAN (STUDIO) to the GOLFGREEN (FM TRANSMISSION
CENTER) one most useable signal flow is shown below as a block diagram:
INTEGRETED DIGITAL
SWITCHING NETWORK
I
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER DIGITAL SIGNAL
ENCODE
MOD MODEM (CODEC)
STUDIOCENTER

DIGITAL TOANALOG CONVERTER

ANALOG SIGNAL ANALOG SIGNAL
FM TRANSMISSION STATION

IT GOES TO THE EXCITER INPUTS OF THE TRANSMITTERS

 NEED OF FM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The following major reasons can be attributed to the growth of

F.M transmission:
1) Sufficient frequencies are not available in other broadcasting bands
(LW, MW, and SW).
2) FM service provides high quality broadcasting.
3) FM band provides a uniform coverage during day & night.
4) FM service is less susceptible to interference & man-made noise.
5) Less energy is needed in providing FM service from MF service.
 CONCLUSION

The training was a great experience for us. It was a real pleasure to be
able to access knowledge about the work structure and environment
inside Akashbani Bhawan. We also learnt various things on radio
communication and transmission. Overall it was a great opportunity.