RFG

Computer Networks Laboratory
IT 312
Submitted by Submitted to
AJAY YADAV Janardan Verma
ROLL_NO: 11510516
SECTION-IT-1
1
Table of Contents
1.EXPERIMENT 1.............................................................................................. 3
1.1 EXPERIMENT 1.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 EXPERIMENT 1.2 .............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 EXPERIMENT 1.3 .............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4 EXPERIMENT 1.4 ............................................................................................................................................ 11
2. EXPERIMENT 2........................................................................................... 15
2.1 EXPERIEMNT 2.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2 EXPERIMENT 2.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.3 EXPERIEMNT 2.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.4 EXPERIEMNT 2.4 ................................................................................................................................................. 24
2.5 EXPERIEMNT 2.5 ................................................................................................................................................. 28
3. EXPERIMENT 3........................................................................................... 32
4. EXPERIMENT 4 ........................................................................................... 37
4.1 EXPERIEMNT 4.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 37
4.2 EXPERIMENT 4.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 42
4.3 EXPERIEMNT 4.3 ................................................................................................................................................. 47
2
Experiment -1.1
1. Create the following scenario with two nodes n0 and n1 and link in between.
– Sender agent: Agent/UDP
– Receiver agent: Agent/Null
– Connect agents
– Data source: Application/Traffic/CBR
– Run from 0.5 to 4.5 sec, finish at 5.0 sec
Source Code :
set ns [new Simulator]

set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 2Mb 10ms DropTail
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.005
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp0
set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $null1
$ns connect $udp0 $null1
$ns at 0.5 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr1 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run
3
OUTPUT :
4
Experiment -1.2
2. Create the following scenario and connect the appropriate agents
 Start the FTP application at t = 0.5s
 Start the CBR data source at t = 1s
 Terminate both at t = 4.5 s
 Visualize the bottle neck queue
Source Code :
$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Green

proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down

$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n2 orient right
#tcp connection
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
5
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1
#ftp over tcp connection

set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ftp set type_ FTP
#udp agent to $n1

set null []
#cbr traffic for $n1

$cbr1 set type_ CBR
$cbr1 set rate_ 1.5mb
#null attach to $n3

$udp1 set fid_ 2
$ns at 0.5 "$ftp start"

$ns at 4.5 "$ftp stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run
6
OUTPUT :
7
Experiment-1.3
Write a TCL script to simulate a file transfer with using ns 2:
Consider a client and a server. The server is running a FTP application (over TCP).
The client sends a request to download a file of size 10 MB from the server. Write a
script to simulate this scenario. Let node #0 be the server and node #1 be the client.
TCP packet size is 1500 B. Assume typical values for other parameters.
Source Code :
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
set outfile [open "bytesReceived.xg" w]
proc plotWindow {tcpSource outfile} {
global ns
set now [$ns now]
set cwnd [$tcpSource set cwnd_]
puts $outfile "$now $cwnd"
$ns at [expr $now+0.1] "plotWindow $tcpSource $outfile"
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
8
exec nam out.nam &
exec xgraph bytesReceived.xg -geometry 500x500 &
exit 0
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
$tcp set fid_ 1
$ftp set type_ FTP
$ns at 0.0 "plotWindow $tcp $outfile"
$ns at 6.0 "finish"
$ns run
9
OUTPUT :
10
Experiment -1.4
Consider a small network with five nodes n0, n1, n2, n3, n4, forming a star topology.
The node n4 is at the center. Node n0 is a TCP source, which transmits packets to
node n3 (a TCP sink) through the node n4. Node n1 is another traffic source, and
sends UDP packets to node n2 through n4. The duration of the simulation time is 10
seconds.
Source Code :
set namfile [open ex_01.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
set tracefile [open ex_01.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
11
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
$udp set class_ 1
$ns color 1 Blue
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns color 2 Red
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetsize_ 500
$cbr set interval_ 0.005
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$ns at 0.0 "$cbr start"
$ns at 9.0 "$cbr stop"
12
proc finish {} {
global ns namfile tracefile
$ns flush-trace
close $namfile
close $tracefile
exec nam ex_01.nam &
exit 0
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
$ns run
13
OUTPUT :
14
Experiment-2.1
Consider the LAN with seven nodes to be an isolated one i.e. not connected to the
Internet. Node # 0 in the LAN act as a UDP traffic source, and node # 6 is the
destination node. Assume CBR traffic to be flowing between the nodes. The
simulation lasts for 25 seconds. In Ethernet a packet is broadcasted in the shared
medium, and only the destination node accepts the packet. Other nodes simply drop it.
How many hops a packet should take to travel from node # 0 to node # 6? Verify this
from the "Hop Count" plot.
Source Code :
set namfile [open ex_03.nam w]
set winfile [open winfile w]
set tracefile [open ex_03.tr w]
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
set lan [$ns newLan "$n0 $n1 $n2 $n3 $n4 $n5 $n6" 100Mb 0.5ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3 Channel
Phy/WiredPhy]
15
$ns simplex-link-op $n0 $n3 orient right
$ns simplex-link-op $n0 $n4 orient left
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n5 orient left-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n6 orient left-up
$cbr set packetSize_ 500
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam ex_03.nam &
exit 0
$ns run
16
OUTPUT :
17
Experiment 2.2
Create the following scenario with two nodes and link in between.
– Sender agent: Agent/UDP
– Receiver agent: Agent/Null
– Connect agents
– Data source: Application/Traffic/CBR
– Run from 0.5 to 4.5 sec, finish at 5.0 sec
Source Code :
#define color for data flows
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
#open tracefiles
set tracefile1 [open out32.tr w]
set winfile [open winfile w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile1
#open nam file
set namfile [open out32.nam w]
#define the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile1 namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile1
close $namfile
exec nam out32.nam &
exit 0
#create two nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
18
set n1 [$ns node]
$cbr set rate_ 1.5mb
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run
19
OUTPUT :
20
Experiment 2.3
Create the following scenario and connect the appropriate agents

 Start the FTP application at t = 0.5s
 Start the CBR data source at t = 1s
 Terminate both at t = 4.5 s
 Visualize the bottle neck queue
Source Code :
$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Green

proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]


#tcp connection
21
$tcp set class_ 2
$tcp set fid_ 1
#ftp over tcp connection

$ftp set type_ FTP
#udp agent to $n1

set null []
#cbr traffic for $n1

$cbr1 set type_ CBR
$cbr1 set rate_ 1.5mb
#null attach to $n3

$udp1 set fid_ 2

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

$ns run
22
OUTPUT :
23
Experiment 2.4
In the following simulation scenario set the following parameters:
 Duplex link between n1 and n2
 Simplex link between node n0 and n2
 Queue Size of link n2-n3 to 40
 CBR traffic packet size: 1000B, inter-arrival time: 8ms, start at time 1.0; TCP
window size 8000, packet size 512B
 Generate nam trace and show animation
Source Code :
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
24
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 0.3Mb 100ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 10
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5
$tcp set class_ 2
$tcp set fid_ 1
$ftp set type_ FTP
25
$udp set fid_ 2
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 1mb
$cbr set random_ false
$ns at 4.5 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n3 $sink"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"
$ns run
26
OUTPUT :
27
Experiment 2.5
Generate the following simulation scenario
Source Code :
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red
set nf [open out35.nam w]
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
close $nf
exec nam out35.nam &
exit 0
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
28
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 10
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5
$tcp set class_ 2
$tcp set fid_ 1
$ftp set type_ FTP
$udp set fid_ 2
29
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 1mb
$cbr set random_ false
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"
$ns run
30
OUTPUT :
31
Experiment 3 : Simulating link errors using ns2
Consider the following topology:
Here node # 2 act as a router. Any traffic to or from the LAN passes through it.
Consider node # 1 running a FTP server, and node # 5 is downloading a file of size 4
MB. However, the link between node # 2 and # 3 is fault. It drops packets with a fixed
probability of 0.2. Implement a link error model to reflect this.
It may be noted here that the file download time will be more than the we had in
exercise # 2 of experiment # 1. Try different values of the simulation time to ensure
that the file has been entirely transferred. Is the plot of bytes received a linear curve or
non-linear? Why?
Presence of link errors cause one or more packets to be retransmitted. Verify this from
the "Packet Retransmissions" plot.
Source Code :
set namfile [open lab4.nam w]
set tracefile [open lab4.tr w]
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
32
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
$n1 color red
$n1 shape square
set lan [$ns newLan "$n3 $n4 $n5 $n6" 10Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3 Channel]
set errmodel [new ErrorModel]
$errmodel set rate_ 0.2
$errmodel ranvar [new RandomVariable/Uniform]
$errmodel drop-target [new Agent/Null]
$ns lossmodel $errmodel $n2 $n3
33
set filesize [expr 4*1024*1024]
$ns at 0.0 "$ftp send $filesize"
proc finish {} {
$ns flush-trace
close $namfile
close $tracefile
set awkCode {
BEGIN{}
if($1 == "r" && $4 == 5 && $6 > 1000)
count_bytes = count_bytes + $6 - ($6 % 1000);
print $2,count_bytes >> "lab4.data";
else
if($1 == "d" && $5 == "tcp" && $6 > 1000)
count_packets++; print $2,count_packets >> "lab4_packets.data";
END{}
exec awk $awkCode lab4.tr
exec nam lab4.nam &
exec xgraph -bb -tk -x Time -x Bytes lab4.data -bg white &
34
exec xgraph -bb -tk -x Time -y packets lab4_packets.data -bg white &
exit 0
$ns run
35
OUTPUT :
36
Experiment 4: Measuring Network Performance
1. Simulating Bottleneck in the network using ns2:
Consider a dumbbell topology with eight nodes as shown as in the following figure.
Consider nodes # 2 and 3 to be two routers connecting two different networks. When
the bandwidth of the link 2-3 is much lower than the sum of bandwidths of the other
links in the network, it act as a bottleneck.
Assume node # 0 running a FTP application (over TCP) and sending data to node # 6.
Node # 1 is sending CBR data node # 7. Assume all the links except 2-3 has a
bandwidth of 1 Mb, propagation delay of 10ms and queue type as DropTail. (All are
duplex links).
Tasks:
o The link 2-3 has a propagation delay of 10 ms. Vary it's bandwidth from 0.5
Mb to 2.5 Mb in steps of 0.25Mb.
o Compute the throughput for node # 3 in each case
o Plot the throughput vs. bandwidth data in the "Custom Plot" section below
Based on the above plots, suggest what should be the recommended bandwidth of the
link 2-3.
Now, plot the end-to-end delay between nodes 0 and 6 for the above chosen values of
link 2-3 bandwidth. Revisit your previous answer (i.e. optimum bandwidth of link 2-
3) based on these graphs.
Source Code :
set namfile [open ex_05a.nam w]
37
set tracefile [open ex_05a.tr w]
Agent/TCP set packetSize_ 1460
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
set n7 [$ns node]
$n1 color blue
$n1 shape box
$n0 color red
38
$udp set class_ 1
$ns color 1 Blue
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns color 2 Red
39
set filesize [expr 4*1024*1024]
$ns at 0.0 "$ftp send $filesize"
proc finish {} {
$ns flush-trace
close $namfile
close $tracefile
exec nam ex_05a.nam &
exec xgraph -bb -tk -x Time -x Bytes ex05a.data -bg white &
exec xgraph -bb -tk -x Time -y packets ex05a_packets.data -bg white &
exit 0
$ns run
40
OUTPUT :
41
Experiment 4.2
Set up the network topology and run the simulation scenario as shown below
Source code :
#Create a simulator object
#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns color 1 Green
$ns color 2 Yellow
#Open the NAM trace file
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns nf
$ns flush-trace
#Close the NAM trace file
close $nf
#Execute NAM on the trace file
exec nam out.nam &
42
exit 0
#Create two nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
#Create links between the nodes
#Give node position (for NAM)
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp1 set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp1
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
43
$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink1
$ns connect $tcp1 $sink1
$tcp1 set fid_ 1
#Setup a FTP over TCP connection
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
$ftp1 set type_ FTP
#Setup a TCP connection
$tcp set class_ 2
$tcp set fid_ 2
#Setup a FTP over TCP connection
$ftp set type_ FTP
#Schedule events for the CBR
$ns at 0.5 "$ftp1 start"
$ns at 4.5 "$ftp1 stop"
44
#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of
simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish"
#Print CBR packet size and interval
#puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
#puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"
#Run the simulation
$ns run
45
OUTPUT :
46
Experiment 4.3
2. Create a 10 node wireless topology. The nodes use AODV (an ad-hoc routing
protocol) to route packets among themselves. They also use
a. 802.11 mac
b. two-ray ground radio propagation model
c. priority queue with queue length of 50
d. omni-directional antenna
e. topology of 670 X 670.
f. the simulation stops at 200s
Source Code :
set a 1
while {$a == 1 } {
puts "Enter the Routing Agents in mobile networking"
puts "1. AODV"
puts "2. DSDV"
puts "3. DSR"
set top [gets stdin]
47
if {$top == 1}
{
Channel/WirelessChann
set opt(chan) el ;# channel type
Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation
set opt(prop) model
Phy/WirelessP
set opt(netif) hy ;# network interface type
set opt(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
Queue/DropTail/PriQueu
set opt(ifq) e ;# interface queue type
set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq

set opt(nn) 22 ;# number of mobilenodes
set opt(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol
;# X dimension of
set opt(x) 1800 topography
;# Y dimension of
set opt(y) 840 topography
### Setting The Simulator Objects
set ns_ [new Simulator]
#create the nam and trace file:
set tracefd [open aodv.tr w]
$ns_ trace-all $tracefd
set namtrace [open aodv.nam w]
$ns_ namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y)
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)
create-god $opt(nn)
48
set chan_1_ [new $opt(chan)]
#### Setting The Distance Variables
# For model 'TwoRayGround' set

dist(5m) 7.69113e-06 set dist(9m)
2.37381e-06 set dist(10m) 1.92278e-06
set dist(11m) 1.58908e-06 set dist(12m)
1.33527e-06 set dist(13m) 1.13774e-06
8.54570e-07 set dist(16m) 7.51087e-07
3.07645e-07 set dist(30m) 2.13643e-07
1.56962e-10 set dist(45m) 1.56962e-11
set dist(50m) 1.20174e-13
Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_
$dist(50m) Phy/WirelessPhy set
RXThresh_ $dist(50m)
# Defining Node Configuration
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $opt(rp) \
-llType $opt(ll) \
-macType $opt(mac) \
-ifqType $opt(ifq) \
-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \
-antType $opt(ant) \
49
-propType $opt(prop) \
-phyType $opt(netif) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON \
-channel $chan_1_
### Creating The WIRELESS NODES
set Server1 [$ns_ node]
set Server2 [$ns_ node]
set n2 [$ns_ node]
set n3 [$ns_ node]
set n4 [$ns_ node]
set n5 [$ns_ node]
set n6 [$ns_ node]
set n7 [$ns_ node]
set n8 [$ns_ node]
set n9 [$ns_ node]
set n10 [$ns_ node]
set n11 [$ns_ node]
set n12 [$ns_ node]
set n13 [$ns_ node]
set n14 [$ns_ node]
set n15 [$ns_ node]
set n16 [$ns_ node]
set n17 [$ns_ node]
50
set n18 [$ns_ node]
set n19 [$ns_ node]
set n20 [$ns_ node]
set n21 [$ns_ node]
set n22 [$ns_ node]
set opt(seed) 0.1
set a [ns-random $opt(seed)]
set i 0
while {$i < 5} {
incr i
### Setting The Initial Positions of Nodes
$Server1 set X_ 513.0
$Server1 set Y_ 517.0
$Server1 set Z_ 0.0
$Server2 set X_ 1445.0
$Server2 set Y_ 474.0
$Server2 set Z_ 0.0
$n2 set X_ 36.0
$n2 set Y_ 529.0
$n2 set Z_ 0.0
$n3 set X_ 143.0
$n3 set Y_ 666.0
$n3 set Z_ 0.0
51
$n4 set X_ 201.0
$n4 set Y_ 552.0
$n4 set Z_ 0.0
$n5 set X_ 147.0
$n5 set Y_ 403.0
$n5 set Z_ 0.0
$n6 set X_ 230.0
$n6 set Y_ 291.0
$n6 set Z_ 0.0
$n7 set X_ 295.0
$n7 set Y_ 419.0
$n7 set Z_ 0.0
$n8 set X_ 363.0
$n8 set Y_ 335.0
$n8 set Z_ 0.0
$n9 set X_ 334.0
$n9 set Y_ 647.0
$n9 set Z_ 0.0
$n10 set X_ 304.0
$n10 set Y_ 777.0
$n10 set Z_ 0.0
$n11 set X_ 412.0
52
$n11 set Y_ 194.0
$n11 set Z_ 0.0
$n12 set X_ 519.0
$n12 set Y_ 361.0
$n12 set Z_ 0.0
$n13 set X_ 569.0
$n13 set Y_ 167.0
$n13 set Z_ 0.0
$n14 set X_ 349.0
$n14 set Y_ 546.0
$n14 set Z_ 0.0
$n15 set X_ 466.0
$n15 set Y_ 668.0
$n15 set Z_ 0.0
$n16 set X_ 489.0
$n16 set Y_ 794.0
$n16 set Z_ 0.0
$n17 set X_ 606.0
$n17 set Y_ 711.0
$n17 set Z_ 0.0
$n18 set X_ 630.0
53
$n18 set Y_ 626.0
$n18 set Z_ 0.0
54
$n19 set X_ 666.0
$n19 set Y_ 347.0
$n19 set Z_ 0.0
$n20 set X_ 741.0
$n20 set Y_ 152.0
$n20 set Z_ 0.0
$n21 set X_ 882.0
$n21 set Y_ 264.0
$n21 set Z_ 0.0
$n22 set X_ 761.0
$n22 set Y_ 441.0
$n22 set Z_ 0.0
## Giving Mobility to Nodes
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n2 setdest 379.0 349.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n3 setdest 556.0 302.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.20 "$n4 setdest 309.0 211.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n5 setdest 179.0 333.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n6 setdest 139.0 63.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n7 setdest 320.0 27.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.50 "$n8 setdest 505.0 124.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n9 setdest 274.0 487.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n10 setdest 494.0 475.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n11 setdest 899.0 757.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 0.50 "$n12 setdest 598.0 728.0 25.0"
55
$ns_ at 0.25 "$n13 setdest 551.0 624.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n14 setdest 397.0 647.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n15 setdest 748.0 688.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n16 setdest 842.0 623.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n17 setdest 678.0 548.0 25.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n18 setdest 741.0 809.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n19 setdest 437.0 799.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.20 "$n20 setdest 159.0 722.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 1.25 "$n21 setdest 700.0 350.0 20.0"
$ns_ at 0.75 "$n22 setdest 839.0 444.0 20.0"
## Setting The Node Size
$ns_ initial_node_pos $Server1 125
$ns_ initial_node_pos $Server2 125
$ns_ initial_node_pos $n2 70
56
57
#### Setting The Labels For Nodes
$ns_ at 0.0 "$Server1 label Server1"
$ns_ at 0.0 "$Server2 label Server2"
$ns_ at 0.0 "$n2 label node2"
58
$n2 color green
$ns_ at 0.0 "$n2 color green"
$n3 color green
$n4 color green
$n5 color green
$n6 color green
$n7 color green
$n8 color green
$n9 color yellow
$ns_ at 0.0 "$n9 color yellow"
$n10 color yellow
59
$n11 color yellow
$n12 color pink
$ns_ at 0.0 "$n12 color pink"
$n13 color pink
$n14 color pink
$n15 color pink
$n16 color pink
$n17 color orange
$ns_ at 0.0 "$n17 color orange"
$n18 color orange
$n19 color orange
$n20 color orange
60
$n21 color orange
$n22 color orange
$Server1 color maroon
$ns_ at 0.0 "$Server1 color maroon"
$Server2 color maroon
$ns_ at 0.0 "$Server2 color maroon"
## SETTING ANIMATION RATE
$ns_ at 0.0 "$ns_ set-animation-rate 12.5ms"
# COLORING THE
NODES $n9 color blue
$ns_ at 4.71 "$n9 color

blue" $n5 color blue
$ns_ at 7.0 "$n5 color

blue" $n2 color blue
$ns_ at 7.29 "$n2 color blue"
$n16 color blue
$n9 color maroon
$ns_ at 7.44 "$n9 color maroon"
61
$ns_ at 7.43 "$n9 label TTLover"
$ns_ at 7.55 "$n9 label \"\""
$n12 color blue
#### Establishing Communication
set udp0 [$ns_ create-connection UDP $Server1 LossMonitor

$n18 0] $udp0 set fid_ 1
set cbr0 [$udp0 attach-app Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set interopt_ .07
$ns_ at 0.0 "$cbr0 start"
$ns_ at 4.0 "$cbr0 stop"

set udp2 [$ns_ create-connection UDP $n21 LossMonitor

62

$cbr3 set interopt_ 5



63



64


#ANNOTATIONS DETAILS
$ns_ at 0.0 "$ns_ trace-annotate \"MOBILE NODE MOVEMENTS\""
$ns_ at 4.1 "$ns_ trace-annotate \"NODE27 CACHE THE DATA FRO SERVER\""
#$ns_ at 4.59 "$ns_ trace-annotate \"PACKET LOSS AT NODE27\""
$ns_ at 4.71 "$ns_ trace-annotate \"NODE10 CACHE THE DATA\""
65
### PROCEDURE TO
STOP proc stop {} {
global ns_ tracefd
$ns_ flush-trace
close $tracefd
exec nam aodv.nam &
exit 0
puts "Starting Simulation........"
$ns_ at 25.0 "stop"
$ns_ run
} elseif {$top == 2} {
# Define options
Channel/WirelessChan
set val(chan) nel ;# channel type
set val(prop) model
Phy/WirelessPh
set val(netif) y ;# network interface type
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
Queue/DropTail/PriQue
set val(ifq) ue ;# interface queue type
set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set
val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
set val(nn) 7 ;# number of mobilenodes
66
set val(rp) DSDV ;# routing protocol
set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography

set val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topography
;# time of simulation
set val(stop) 100 end
set tracefd [open dsdv.tr w]
set namtrace [open dsdv.nam w]
$ns use-newtrace
$ns trace-all $tracefd
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
Antenna/OmniAntenna set X_ 0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Y_ 0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Z_ 1.5
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Gt_ 1.0
Antenna/OmniAntenna set Gr_ 1.0
# set up topography object
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
create-god $val(nn)
# Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel.
67
# configure the nodes
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace ON
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
set node_($i) [$ns node]
# Provide initial location of

mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 5.0
$node_(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node_(1) set X_ 490.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 285.0
$node_(2) set X_ 150.0
68
$node_(2) set Y_ 240.0
$node_(3) set X_ 250.0
$node_(3) set Y_ 240.0
$node_(4) set X_ 180.0
$node_(4) set Y_ 70.0
$node_(5) set X_ 100.0
$node_(5) set Y_ 70.0
$node_(6) set X_ 380.0
$node_(6) set Y_ 70.0
# Generation of movements
$ns at 10.0 "$node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 10.0"
# Set a TCP connection between node_(0) and node_(1)
69
$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $tcp
$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $sink
# Set a TCP connection between node_(0) and

node_(2) set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
set sink [new

Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-
agent $node_(0) $tcp $ns
attach-agent $node_(2) $sink


set sink [new



set sink [new

70


set sink [new



set sink [new


71
# Define node initial position in nam for
{set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} { incr i } {
# 30 defines the node size for nam
$ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30
# Telling nodes when the simulation ends

for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
$ns at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
# ending nam and the simulation

$ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)"
$ns at $val(stop) "stop"
$ns at 150.01 "puts \"end simulation\" ; $ns halt"
proc stop {} {
global ns tracefd namtrace
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
#Execute nam on the trace file
exec nam dsdv.nam &
exit 0
$ns run
} elseif {$top == 3} {
set Channel/WirelessChan
opt(chan) nel ;# channel type
set opt(prop) model
Phy/WirelessPh
set opt(netif) y ;# network interface type
72
set opt(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
Queue/DropTail/PriQue
set opt(ifq) ue ;# interface queue type
set opt(ll) LL ;# link layer type
set opt(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# antenna model
set
opt(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq
;# number of
set opt(nn) 3 mobilenodes
set opt(rp) DSR ;# routing protocol
;# X dimension of
set opt(x) 500 topography
;# Y dimension of
set opt(y) 400 topography
set opt(stop) 150 ;

#Creating trace file and nam
file
set tracefd [open Dsr.tr w]
[open dsr.nam
set namtrace w]
$ns trace-all $tracefd
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $opt(x) $opt(y)
# set up topography object
$topo load_flatgrid $opt(x) $opt(y)
create-god $opt(nn)
# configure the nodes
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $opt(rp) \
73
-llType $opt(ll) \
-macType $opt(mac) \
-ifqType $opt(ifq) \
-ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \
-antType $opt(ant) \
-propType $opt(prop) \
-phyType $opt(netif) \
-channelType $opt(chan) \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace ON
for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } { incr i } {
set node_($i) [$ns node]
# Provide initial location of

mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 5.0
$node_(1) set X_ 490.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 285.0
$node_(2) set X_ 150.0
$node_(2) set Y_ 240.0
74
# Generation of movements

node_(1) set tcp [new Agent/TCP/Newreno]
$tcp set class_ 2
set sink [new


# Define node initial position in nam

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn)} { incr i } {
# 30 defines the node size for

nam $ns initial_node_pos
$node_($i) 30
# Telling nodes when the simulation ends

for {set i 0} {$i < $opt(nn) } { incr i } {
$ns at $opt(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
75
# ending nam and the simulation
$ns at $opt(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $opt(stop)"
$ns at $opt(stop) "stop"
$ns at 150.01 "puts \"end simulation\" ; $ns halt"
proc stop {} {
global ns tracefd namtrace
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
exec nam dsr.nam &
exit 0
$ns run
puts "want to continue (0/1)"
set a [gets stdin]
76
OUTPUT :
77
78

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Computer Networks Laboratory

1.3 EXPERIMENT 1.3 .............................................................................................................................................. 8

1.4 EXPERIMENT 1.4 ............................................................................................................................................ 11

2.4 EXPERIEMNT 2.4 ................................................................................................................................................. 24

2.5 EXPERIEMNT 2.5 ................................................................................................................................................. 28

set ns [new Simulator]

set n0 [$ns node]

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

set null1 [new Agent/Null]

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

set ns [new Simulator]

$ns color 1 Blue

set nf [open out.nam w]

set n0 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down

#ftp over tcp connection

#udp agent to $n1

#cbr traffic for $n1

set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]

#null attach to $n3

$ns at 0.5 "$ftp start"

$ns at 5.0 "finish"

set ns [new Simulator]

$ns color 1 Blue

$ns color 2 Red

set nf [open out.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $nf

set outfile [open "bytesReceived.xg" w]

proc plotWindow {tcpSource outfile} {

set now [$ns now]

set cwnd [$tcpSource set cwnd_]

puts $outfile "$now $cwnd"

$ns at [expr $now+0.1] "plotWindow $tcpSource $outfile"

exec xgraph bytesReceived.xg -geometry 500x500 &

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 10Mb 10ms DropTail

set tcp [new Agent/TCP]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp

set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]

$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink

$ns connect $tcp $sink

$tcp set fid_ 1

set ftp [new Application/FTP]

$ftp attach-agent $tcp

$ftp set type_ FTP

$ns at 0.0 "plotWindow $tcp $outfile"

$ns at 1.0 "$ftp start"

$ns at 4.0 "$ftp stop"

$ns at 6.0 "finish"

set ns [new Simulator]

set namfile [open ex_01.nam w]

$ns namtrace-all $namfile

set tracefile [open ex_01.tr w]

$ns trace-all $tracefile

set n0 [$ns node]

set n1 [$ns node]

set n2 [$ns node]

set n3 [$ns node]

set n4 [$ns node]

$ns duplex-link $n0 $n4 1Mb 10ms DropTail