VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

(VJTI)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE DATE OF
WITH DATE PERFORMANCE

EXPT NO SEM ROLL NO BATCH

BELL CRANK LEVER

Aim To study the principle of moment with the help of bell crank lever.
Apparatus Bell crank lever, weight measure, scale thread etc.
Procedure 1. Find distance of pivot point „Y‟ i.e between the spring and the pin.
2. Place weight in the last hole i.e Dead load to check the system is in
equilibrium or not. If not, then apply the tension in string up till the
piece of paper just passes from bottom of crank freely and measure
the tension say initial tension (T1) in the spring.
3. Place the weight in any hole and apply the tension in spring up till the
piece of paper just passes from bottom of crank freely and measure
the tension say initial tension (T2) in the spring. Find the effective
tension
T.E = T2 – T1.
4. For each load measure the distance of load „x‟ from the pivot point.
5. Calculate tilting moment (MT= wixi )and Restoring moment
(MR=T.E*y). Find the difference between theoretical and experimental
value of tension force and calculate the % error from following
equation.

Conclusion Based on %error:

Observation :
Initial Tension (T1) =_________
Distance of String from Pin (y) = ________

SR. APPLIED DISTANCE FINAL EFFECTIVE TILTING RESTORING

NO. LOAD OF LOAD TENSION TENSION IN MOMENT MOMENT
(W) (KG) FROM PIN (X) IN SPRING MT=∑wx MR=T.E x Y
(CM) SPRING (T.E=T2-T1) (KG-CM) (KG-CM)
(T2) (KG)
W1 W2 W3 x 1 x2 x3
(KG)
1

DIFFERENCE % ERROR
SR.
MT-MR
NO.
(KG-CM)

1
2

5
 VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
(VJTI)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE DATE OF
WITH DATE PERFORMANCE

EXPT NO SEM ROLL NO BATCH

SIMPLE BEAM
Aim To verify the conditions of equilibrium supported for the simple beam
Apparatus Simple beam, weights, string, measuring scale, suspenders, spring balance.
Theory The principle of equilibrium states that stationery body which is subjected to
coplanar forces (concurrent or parallel) will be in equilibrium if the algebraic
sum of all the external force is zero and also the algebraic sum of moments of
all the external forces about any point in their plane is zero.  F= 0 & 
M= 0
Procedure 1. Measure the length of the beam with the help of the measuring scale.
2. Apply the weights on the suspender provided on the beam and measure the
distance of the applied weights from any one end of beam only. Note the
reactions RA and RB on the vertical support
3. Repeat the process two times with different weights but maintaining
symmetry of loads.
4. Again repeat the process one times with two loads only. Out of two loads
one load must be applied at centre of the span.
5. Again repeat step no 4 for different load combination.
6. again repeat the process with addition of loads at sept no 4 and 5.
Conclusion Based on symmetric loading:

Based on unsymmetrical loading:

Base on principle of super position:

 Observation :
 Self-weight of suspender (Suspender) (kg) = _________
 Effective length of beam (l) (m) = __________________
 Initial Reaction left (RA) = ____________ kg Right (RB) = ___________kg

Sr. WEIGHT (Kg) LENGTH (cm) SUPPORT EFFECTIVE

No. REACTION (Kg) REACTION (Kg)

W1 W2 W3 L1 L2 L3 RA RB RA RB

SYM
METR
ICAL
LOAD
ING

UNSY
MME
TRIC
AL
LOAD
ING

EFFECTIVE REACTION = SUPPORT REACTION – INITIAL REACTION

SR. ΣWn Ln THEORETICAL % ERROR OF REACTION

NO. REACTION
[ x100]
RB RA RA RB
[
]
]
 VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
(VJTI)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE DATE OF
WITH DATE PERFORMANCE

EXPT NO SEM ROLL NO BATCH

JIB CRANE
Aim To study the behaviour of jib crane and configuration before and after
loading. Determine tension or compression in Tie and Jib member. Thus
verifying the triangle law of vector addition.
Apparatus Jib crane, Spring balance, meter scale, thread etc.
Theory Law of Triangle of forces :-
“If two forces acting at a point are represented by two sides of a triangle
taken in order, then their sum or resultant is represented by third side
taken in an opposite order”.
Lami‟s theorem: if three concurrent forces (all three moving away from the
point or moving towards the point) are in equilibrium then ration of any
force upon sin of angle between other two forces is constant.
Procedure 1. Note initial reading on tie, jib and weight placed in the pan.
2. Apply increasing load and take readings from jib and tie member for
each load.( take three sets of reading)
3. Keep any one particular load constant change the shape by releasing or
tightening the chain and note down the observations.(take three sets of
reading.
4. Measure the length of jib, tie and post member. Measure length of
these members from imaginary point of intersection of these members.
5. Find effective force of jib and tie member as shown in table.
6. Plot graph to determine theoretical values and calculate percentage
error with respect to theoretical values.
7. Using lami‟s theorem also find the theoretical values.
Conclusion 1.Based on increasing loads:

2.Based on change in shape:

3.Based on % error:

Observation:
Initial Force in Jib (kg) =
Initial Force in Tie (kg) =
Initial Force in Pan (if any) (kg) =

Sr. LOAD Final Forces Effective Force

No. (kg,) JIB TIE JIB TIE
(kg) (kg) (kg) (kg)
Increase
load but
keep
same
shape

Keep any
load
constant,
but
change
shape
 VEERMATA JIJABAI TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
(VJTI)
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SIGNATURE DATE OF
WITH DATE PERFORMANCE

EXPT NO SEM ROLL NO BATCH

Screw Jack
Aim To study single threaded screw jack and find co-efficient of friction
between screw nut and jack.
Apparatus Single threaded screw jack, weight box, scale, outside calliper.
Theory The load W is transferred from thread of screw to internal threads.
The screw jack is used to lift at the end of the lever. The action of a
screw jack is similar to dragging a load over an inclined plane by
applying horizontal effort. The thread of a screw jack is an inclined
plane wound round a cylinder and the action lifting and lowering the
load is same as that of load being dragged up or down an inclined
plane by applying a horizontal force. The effort need to raise the load
is given by

……(1)
And for lowering the load is given by

……(2)
Where : R= radius of screw head
P = effort
r=radius of screw
=angle of inclined plane
=angle of friction
 Draw sketch of & from book

Procedure 1. The radius of screw and screw head is measured.

2. The rope is adjusted and passed over the pulley to the effort pan.
3. A suitable weight is placed on the head of the screw.
4. Put the load on screw head and weights on effort pan until the
screw just starts rotating at slow but constant speed.
5. The same procedure is repeated for different values of load.
6. The coefficient of friction is calculated using the given formula.
Conclusion Based on for rising load:

Based on for lowering load :

Based on for average coef of friction:

Based on for self-locking screw jack:

Observation
Mass of screw head (M) =
Pitch of screw (P) =
Radius of screw ( r) =
Radius of head (R) =
Calculate from 1 or 2 ( )=
Calculate values of ( ) = tan-1(pitch/circumference of thread)
Calculate values of (µ) = tan
Motion Sr. Load (w) kg Effort (P) ‘ ’ from Calculated
No. kg
eq. no 1 µ=tan
or 2

Rising

Lowering

Avg. µ