Wireless charging system for a mobile hybrid electric

vehicle
Naoui Mohamed
Research Unit of Photovoltaic, Wind
and Geothermal Systems, National
Engineering School of Gabes,
University of Gabes, Tunisia
mednaouiing@yahoo.com
Flah aymen
Research Unit of Photovoltaic, Wind
and Geothermal Systems, National
Engineering School of Gabes,
University of Gabes, Tunisia
flahaymening@gmail.com
Ben Hamed Mouna
Research Unit of Photovoltaic, Wind
and Geothermal Systems, National
Engineering School of Gabes,
University of Gabes, Tunisia
benhamed2209@yahoo.fr

Abstract— In this paper, we expose and discuss the importance of
application of recharge systems to an electrical vehicle. In addition
to its vital role in supplying vehicle with the required power
recharge system has many type the most important of then is
wireless charge system that transmits power from transmitter to
receiver without any contact. It is obvious that this power is
variable in relation to the speed and has a main function which is
loading the battery. In this work our main objective is to focus on
the change of SOC when we vary the car’s speed by applying
Matlab Simulink in order to obtain the needed results.
Index Terms— Battery charging, wireless charger system, electric
vehicle (EV), magnetic field, state of charge SOC.
I. INTRODUCTION
Electrical vehicle is commonly used in the contemporary
world. More than 200000 electrical vehicles will be used in
Canada in 2020 [1]. Manufactures have designed two
versions: the hybrid model and the totally electrical vehicle.
Each model is distinguished by its interior composition.
However, the serious problem is linked to the vehicle
autonomy. Different solutions are exposed and illustrated in
the literature in order to find the efficient solution for
increasing the vehicle autonomy. Some researchers are
elaborated on the system power [1], [2]and [3], authors are
working on two essential parts inside the car as the main
control motor and the system of battery.
In this work author are focusing in their studies on the
control algorithms in order to improve the performance of the
system power losses. Also, the battery interior system are
improved in several research versions as it is shown in [4]and
[5]. The electrical power inside the car are also managed in
order to save the maximum of the possible power. In
[6]authors are working on the power management inside the
car, by proposing a new approach for network connected
vehicles. In [2] they are develop the conventional power
management technique for an electrical vehicle application.
Basing on the presented researches we have to find the
possible recharge system which can be applied in the
electrical vehicle and which can be efficient. We have found
numerous systems. In [7] they expose the hybrid recharge
system which is based on two sources of power. In [8] authors
use the photovoltaic version of electrical charges for
electrical vehicle. In [9] also they utilise the wireless charger
for the fixed car.
In this context, we try to expose and develop the
mathematical model and expose the related results for the
wireless charger when the car is in movement.
The position of the electrical receiver faces the transmitter
will be discussed and the corresponding consequences related
to the vehicle speed will be exposed. Matlab Simulink
platform will be utilized here for obtaining the corresponding
results.
The elaborated plan of this paper is composed of four
sections. The first one will be linked to the introduction, the
second part will be attached to the hybrid electrical vehicle
model description, the third part will expose the wireless
charger system. The fourth part will explain the control part
related to this system and before the conclusion. After this
process we will get the needed results.
II. HYBRID ELECTRICAL VEHICLE COMPONENTS
DESCREPTION
Hybrid electrical vehicles was exposed in the literature in
more than one version. We can see in [9] that authors expose
the exact model for each version as parallel and series hybrid
electrical version. The HEV comprises generally an electric
motor, a battery pack, ICE engine, a power converter, a
vehicle interface, a control unit and a global charging system
as shown in Figure 1 [10].

00978-1-5386-7328-7/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

 The global charging system has different versions. We can
found the recharge by photovoltaic system, the recharge by
cable, the wireless charger system and the hybrid charger
mode that uses the combustion energy.
Those chargers can be classified into two categories, some of
them are efficient only for the stopped car that are connected
with charger and the system efficient for the mobile cars with
wireless system. This mode is also more efficient if the car is
stopped. In this work we will try to study this system.

III. CLASSIC WIRELESS CHARGER SYSTEM

The wireless charge system is used to transfer the energy

Fig. 1. HEV architecture
In the latest versions of HEV the electrical motor is based
on a DC machine or a three phase’s machine as the PMSM or
the DFIG. The important parameters related to this motor are
attached to the speed and the torque. Based on the DC
machine, the speed of the motor can be measured by the
instructions of voltage methods. As it is exposed in equation
(1) [11].
from an AC voltage source to the load. This technique is used
here for charging the battery inside the vehicle [13].
The classical mode of wireless charge system is divided into
two main parts. The primary part (transmitter) which is
installed on the ground and the secondary part (receiver)
integrated on the edge of the EV [14]. This is explained into
figure (2).

= + (1)

Where U is the characteristic curve approximates to a

line, the motor speed regulation instruction voltage, a
and b are the equation coefficient which also varies when
the motor load changes.

The Battery Charge system is also an important bloc inside

the car, this tool is responsible for charging the system of
battery by controlling the voltage , current and the supervise
the SOC and the SOD (state of discharge) [12]. The state of
charge SOC (state of charge) is obtained by using the
following equations:
Fig. 2. Architecture of wireless charger system

( )
= (2) In this part we try to give the related MATLAB equations
which give and explain the power transmission from the
Q (t) is the ratio between the residual charges available, and transmitter to the receiver when the car is stopped and when
the car in movement.
is the nominal capacity.

The state of discharge SOD (state of discharge) is obtained

by using the following equations:

= ∫ [ ( )] . [ ( )] (3)

t is time, T is temperature and i is current.

 Fig. 3. Outputed Flux equation implemented on matlab
Simulik
It is suppose that the distance between the primary and the Fig. 5. Flux outputted according to the vehicle speed
secondary coils is very low so the transmitted magnetic field
is supposed parallel.
The obtained flux value is calculated using the
The Matlab/Simulink model for the wireless charger is shown
mathematical equations from (5) to (8). the magnetic
in figure (3). Equation (4) exposes the relation between the constant, l is the length of the solenoid,N number of turns, S
vehicle speed and the extracted power from the transmitter. the surface, I current and B the magnetic field.
The corresponding estimation charging time on each coil for
a varying speed value is exposed in figure (4) and figure (5)
expose the flux outputted according to the vehicle speed. ∅= = (5)

Figure (6) shows the different element and parameter of each

×
=( ) × 3600 (4) block of wireless charger system

Fig. 6. Simplified schema of wireless charger system

∅
=− =− =( ) (6)

Fig. 4. Charging estimation time for a various speed value

L is the required inductance and i the current.
The vehicle coil is flat:

∅= i(t) = ∅ (7)
r is the average winding radius in inches, w is the width of rapidly. So, we recommend that for a short road distance
winding (in inches) equipped with a coil charger, the car speed must be low as
well as possible.
∅ = ∅ (8)

∅ is the flux of the magnetic field when x = 100%

and ∅ is the flux of the variable magnetic field

0≤∅ ≤∅

According to the received flux, the outputted voltage

from the receiver can be expressed in equations (9) to (10).
∅ ()
= (9)

The absorbed voltage by the vehicle is

()
U = R i (t) + (10)
Fig. 8. Batterie charging statue for various speed and when
only the ICE is active
Figure (7), exposes the outputted voltage before controlling
the system and after adding a PID controller.
In figure (9.a,b,c) we expose the results attached to the
batterie SOC when the car mode is totally electric. In those
figures we have two zones, the first one is when the car in
charging mode and the second zone is when the car is in
movement using the electrical power source. We can
supervise that the SOC decrease rapidly according to the car
Speed.
In figure (9.a), we can show that the SOC in the charge
mode touch 70% for a speed equal to 20Km/H, in figure (9.b)
we can show that the SOC in the charge mode reaches 60%
for a speed equal to 50Km/H and in figure (9.c) we can show
that the SOC in the charge mode reaches 50% for a speed
equal to 100Km/H.

Fig. 7. Outputted voltage before and after regulation

IV. RESULT AND SIMULATION:
In this part we will try to expose the results related to the
state of charge of the batteries into the vehicle according to
the car speed. For obtaining these results we have supposed
that the car will be run for 1Km of road for three various
speeds, 20Km/H, 50 Km/H and 100 Km/H. We have also
supposed that the coil dimension is 50cm also between each
coil we have 150cm as a free zone. We have started by an
empty Batterie where the SOC is 3%.

Figure (8) exposes the results of the batterie SOC for

those speed when the car is in movement by the ICE engine. Fig. 9.a. The SOC in the charge mode for a speed equal to
We just charge the batterie here. That means that those results 20Km/H
are for the batterie charging value according to the speed. It
is clear that if the car speed is less the batterie will be charged

Fig. 9.b. The SOC in the charge mode for a speed equal to
50Km/H
Fig. 9.c. The SOC in the charge mode for a speed equal to
100Km/H
V. CONCLUSION :
In this work, the wireless charger system for the electric
vehicle is exposed and explained. We have implemented this
system on a MATLAB Simulink platform. The wireless
charger system performance is tested according to a various
speed and we have demonstrate that the best performance is
obtained with a slowly car speed. the impact of high speed will
reduce the power of charge, in the future studies we are
longing for reaching some advanced scientific researches
basing on radical changement in the distance between the coils
or a changement on mutual inductance in order to reach a
maximal power in case of high speed.
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