Subject Code: EC0542

Set:1
Regulation:R16
GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (AUTONOMOUS)
B.Tech III Year I Semester (Regular) End Examinations Nov/Dec – 2019
(For the Academic year 2019-20)
Subject: Antennas & Wave Propagation
Time: 3Hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: This Question Paper Contains two parts A & B.
1) Part A is Compulsory which carries 20 Marks. Answer all the Questions from Part–A. All
Questions carry equal Marks.
2) Part B Consists of Eight Questions. Answer any Five questions. Each question carries 10
marks and may have a,b,c as sub Questions.
PART-A [MARKS: 20]
Answer All the Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 10X2=20M
Unit No. Total Marks

1. a. Define stray factor. I 2M

b. Directivity is equal to the number of point sources in the sky that the antenna can resolve I 2M
under the assumed ideal conditions of a uniform source distribution - Justify
c. Yagi-Uda antenna is also called as super gain antenna- Justify. II 2M
d. Define wave guide antenna and its types. II 2M
e. Explain the Cassegrain feed system. III 2M
f. What are the advantages of the microstrip antennas? III 2M
g. What are the typical sources of the errors in antenna measurements? IV 2M
h. List out the array antenna configurations. IV 2M
i. Find the wave propagation velocity, if the wave passes through a medium of dielectric V 2M
constant of 3.5.
j. Comprehend the different layers of Ionospheric layer. V 2M
PART-B [MARKS: 50]
Answer any Five Questions from PART-B (All Questions carry equal Marks) 5X10=50M
Marks Unit No. Total Marks

2. a. Show that effective area and effective aperture of an antenna are related via 5M 10M
radiation resistance and intrinsic impedance of space.
I
b. Calculate the effective height of a halfwave dipole antenna operating at 𝜆 = 1.55 5M
m, if maximum effective area Aem = 0.15𝜆2.
3. a. Explain the working of helical antenna in different modes with necessary 5M 10M
equations
II
b. Prove that the input impedance of the folded dipole antenna is product of 5M
impedance of simple halfwave dipole antenna and square of the number of folds.
4. a. Design a rectangular patch antenna to be used in satellite communications at a 5M 10M
frequency of 1.6GHz. Assume the dielectric constant of the substrate is 10.2 and
thickness is 0.127 cm. Also find its resonant input resistance and directivity. III
b. Derive the field equations of the parabolic reflector antenna. 5M
5. a. Draw the radiation pattern of 4-isotropic sources of equal amplitudes and phases 5M 10M
in end-fire array. IV
b. Illustrate the antenna radiation pattern measurement. 5M
6. a. Determine the change in the refractive index of ionosphere propagation at f = 900 5M 10M
Hz if maximum electron density changes from 2.5 x 103 to 3.5 x 103 electrons/m3. V
b. Explain the concept of Actual height and Virtual height. 5M
7. a. What are the various types of fading that affect the radio-wave propagation? 5M 10M
b. A mobile link has to be established between two points spaced away 1500km via 5M V
ionospheric layer of density 4.5 x 106 cm-3 at a height 150 km. Calculate the
maximum frequency which can be communicated.
8. a. Determine fields due to Array of two point sources of same amplitude and in 5M IV 10M
 phase at distance R?
b. What is near & far fields? Why condition for far field is chosen as 2D2/λ? 5M
9. a. The radial component of the radiated power density of an infinitesimal linear 5M 10M
𝑎𝑟 𝑃𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 2
dipole of length l≪ 𝜆 is given by Pavg = W/m . Where, Pm = Peak
𝑟2
value of power density, 𝜃 is spherical coordinate, ar is radial unit. Find directivity I
and then effective aperture of the antenna at 𝜆 = 1.5 m.
b. Derive the expression for field components of a loop antenna? 5M

Note: 1. In PART-B, Each question may Preferable in two parts (i.e a&b), with equal or different marks
weightage. Single questions (10 Marks) in PART-B shall not be more than 3.
2. Minimum number of questions per unit is ‘1’ (One) and maximum is ‘2’ (Two).
3. 30% of questions simple and easy; 40% Difficulty and 30% analytical or problems.

Subject Code: EC0542 Set:2

Regulation:R16
GURU NANAK INSTITUTIONS TECHNICAL CAMPUS (AUTONOMOUS)
B.Tech III Year I Semester (Regular) End Examinations Nov/Dec – 2019
(For the Academic year 2019-20)
Subject: Antennas & Wave Propagation
Time: 3Hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: This Question Paper Contains two parts A & B.
1) Part A is Compulsory which carries 20 Marks. Answer all the Questions from Part–A. All
Questions carry equal Marks.
2) Part B Consists of Eight Questions. Answer any Five questions. Each question carries 10
marks and may have a,b,c as sub Questions.
PART-A [MARKS: 20]
Answer All the Questions. All Questions carry equal marks 10X2=20M
Unit No. Total Marks

1. a. Define radiation intensity of an antenna. I 2M

b. An antenna has a field pattern given by E (𝜃) = cos2 𝜃 for 00 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 900. Find HPBW. I 2M
c. Differentiate uniform and non-uniform linear array antennas. II 2M
d. Comment on the ‘radiation mechanism of horn antenna’. II 2M
e. What is f/D ratio. III 2M
f. Microstrip antennas are low profile antennas- Justify. III 2M
g. State the principle of pattern multiplication. IV 2M
h. Find the FNBW of 18𝜆 long end-fire antenna array. IV 2M
i. Space-wave propagation is called as LOS propagation – Justify. V 2M
j. Estimate the maximum electron density of an ionosphere layer for a critical frequency of V 2M
5.5 GHz.
PART-B [MARKS: 50]
Answer any Five Questions from PART-B (All Questions carry equal Marks) 5X10=50M
Marks Unit No. Total Marks

2. a. Derive the expression for components of radiated field of Halfwave length 5M 10M
Dipole?
b. The electric field intensity of wave radiated by an antenna is defined by Em = sin𝜃 5M
sin∅ , where 𝜃 is the angle measured from the z-axis and ∅ is the angle measured I
from x-axis. E has value only for 0≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋 and 0≤ ∅ ≤ 𝜋 and zero elsewhere
(i.e. the pattern is uni-directional with maxima in y-direction). Find the exact and
approximate directivities and decibel difference.
3. a. Explain the constructional features and working of Yag-Uda antenna. 5M 10M
II
b. Design a Yagi-Uda five dipole array for operation at 500MHz, fed by 300Ω 2- 5M
 wire transmission line.
4. a. Design a rectangular patch antenna on a dielectric substrate with 𝜀𝑟 =2.65 to be 5M 10M
operated at f = 3GHz. Determine antenna parameters, bandwidth, and VSWR, if
antenna is fed by a transmission line of 50Ω, assume thickness of substrate is III
0.02% of wavelength 𝜆.
b. Explain the working of corner reflector antenna and list out its design equations. 5M
5. a. Draw the radiation pattern of 4-isotropic sources of equal amplitudes and phases 5M 10M
in broadside array.
IV
b. Explain the antenna gain measurement using absolute gain method and two 5M
antenna method.
6. a. Determine the frequency of wave propagation through an ionospheric layer with 5M 10M
refractive index of 0.6 and electron density 3.25 x 105 electrons/cc. Also,
determine the corresponding change in frequency, if refractive index increases by V
35%.
b. Explain refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere? 5M
7. a. Illustrate the duct propagation. 5M 10M
b. Calculate the maximum range obtainable in a single hop transmission via 5M V
ionosphere layer at height of 450 km, if the earth radius is 6370 km.
8. a. Determine fields due to Array of two point sources of same amplitude and 5M 10M
opposite phase at distance R?
IV
b. What is binomial array antenna? What is the working principle? Mention its 5M
advantages & disadvantages?
9. a. If an antenna radiates over a half space above a perfect conducting ground plane 5M 10M
such that E = 60 x 10-2 V/m at a distance of 2 km from the antenna. Calculate the
radiated power and the radiation resistance if the antenna terminal current is 60 I, III
mA.
b. What is Aperture blocking? Explain the procedure about how to overcome it. 5M

Note: 1. In PART-B, Each question may Preferable in two parts (i.e a&b), with equal or different marks
weightage. Single questions (10 Marks) in PART-B shall not be more than 3.
2. Minimum number of questions per unit is ‘1’ (One) and maximum is ‘2’ (Two).
3. 30% of questions simple and easy; 40% Difficulty and 30% analytical or problems