NICCOLO PAGANINI

Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital

of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six
children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo)
Paganini.

Paganini's father was an unsuccessful trader,

but he managed to supplement his income
through playing music on the mandolin. At the
age of five, Paganini started learning the
mandolin from his father, and moved to the
violin by the age of seven. His musical talents
were quickly recognized, earning him numerous
scholarships for violin lessons.

The young Paganini studied under various local

violinists, including Giovanni Servetto and
Giacomo Costa, but his progress quickly
outpaced their abilities. Paganini and his father then traveled to Parma to seek
further guidance from Alessandro Rolla. But upon listening to Paganini's playing,
Rolla immediately referred him to his own teacher, Ferdinando Paer and, later,
Paer's own teacher, Gasparo Ghiretti.

Though Paganini did not stay long with Paer or Ghiretti, the two had considerable
influence on his composition style.

LA CAMPANELLA

Alternative Titles: “Allegro spiritoso (Rondo alla campanella)”, “Ronde à la

clochette”

La campanella, (Italian: “The Little Bell”)byname of Allegro spiritoso

(Rondo alla campanella) or Ronde à la clochette, final movement of the
Violin Concerto No. 2 in B Minor, Op. 7, by Italian composer and violinist
Niccolò Paganini, renowned for its intricate and technically demanding
solo passages and for the bell-like effects featured in both the solo and
orchestral parts. The movement derives its nickname from those bell-like
sounds, which evoke the imagery of the Italian folk song—also known as
“La campanella”—upon which the movement is based. Completed in
1826, the concerto premiered in its entirety the following year at La Scala,
in Milan, with the composer himself as soloist.
 FRREDERIC CHOPIN
Frédéric François Chopin, French:Polish:
1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849) was a Polish composer and
virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for
solo piano.

He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of

his era, one whose "poetic genius was based on a professional
technique that was without equal in his generation." In his
final years, he was supported financially by his admirer Jane
Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848.
For most of his life, Chopin was in poor health.

He died in Paris in 1849 at the age of 39, probably of

pericarditis aggravated by tuberculosis. All of Chopin's
compositions include the piano. Most are for solo piano, though he also wrote two
piano concertos, a few chamber pieces, and some 19 songs set to Polish lyrics. His
piano writing was technically demanding and expanded the limits of the instrument:
his own performances were noted for their nuance and sensitivity.

His major piano works also include mazurkas, waltzes, nocturnes, polonaises,
études, impromptus, scherzos, preludes and sonatas, some published only
posthumously. His innovations in style, harmony, and musical form, and his
association of music with nationalism, were influential throughout and after the late
Romantic period.

ETUDES
(COMPOSITION)

The Études by Frédéric Chopin are three sets of études (solo studies) for
the piano published during the 1830s. There are twenty-seven
compositions overall, comprising two separate collections of twelve,
numbered Op. 10 and Op. 25, and a set of three without opus number.
Chopin's Études formed the foundation for what was then a revolutionary
playing style for the piano. They are some of the most challenging and
evocative pieces of all the works in concert piano repertoire. Because of
this, the music remains popular and often performed in both concert and
private stages
 FRANZ LISZT
Franz Liszt (German: Hungarian: Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt
Ferenc);
(22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a
Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist,
conductor, music teacher, arranger, and
organist of the Romantic era. He was also a
writer, a philanthropist, a Hungarian
nationalist and a Franciscan tertiary.

A prolific composer, Liszt was one of the most

prominent representatives of the New
German School (German: Neudeutsche
Schule). He left behind an extensive and
diverse body of work which influenced his
forward-looking contemporaries and
anticipated 20th-century ideas and trends.
Among Liszt's musical contributions were the
symphonic poem, developing thematic transformation as part of his experiments in
musical form, and radical innovations in harmony.

HUNGARIAN RHAPSODY
(COMPOSITION)

Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 in C-sharp minor, S.244/2, is the second in a set

of 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies by composer Franz Liszt, and is by far the
most famous of the set.

In both the original piano solo form and in the orchestrated version this
composition has enjoyed widespread use in animated cartoons. Its
themes have also served as the basis of several popular songs.
 ROBERT SCHUMANN
was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded
as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of
law, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso
pianist. In 1840, after a long and acrimonious legal
battle with Wieck, who opposed the marriage,
Schumann married Wieck's daughter Clara. A
lifelong partnership in music began, as Clara herself
was an established pianist and music prodigy. Clara
and Robert also maintained a close relationship
with German composer Johannes Brahms.

Until 1840, Schumann wrote exclusively for the

piano. Later, he composed piano and orchestral
works, and many Lieder (songs for voice and
piano). He composed four symphonies, one opera, and other orchestral, choral, and
chamber works. His best-known works include Carnaval, Symphonic Studies,
Kinderszenen, Kreisleriana, and the Fantasie in C. Schumann was known for infusing
his music with characters from motifs.

Schumann suffered from a mental disorder that first manifested in 1833 as a severe
melancholic depressive episode—which recurred several times alternating with
phases of "exaltation" and increasingly also delusional ideas of being poisoned or
threatened with metallic items.

After a suicide attempt in 1854, Schumann was admitted at his own request to a
mental asylum in Endenich near Bonn. Diagnosed with psychotic melancholia, he
died two years later at the age of 46 without recovering from his mental illness.

KREISLERIANA

Kreisleriana, Op. 16, is a composition in eight movements by Robert Schumann

for solo piano, subtitled Phantasien für das Pianoforte. It was written in only four
days in April 1838 and a revised version appeared in 1850. The work was
dedicated to Frédéric Chopin, but when a copy was sent to the Polish
composer, "he commented favorably only on the design of the title page".[1]

Kreisleriana is a very dramatic work and is viewed by some critics as one of

Schumann's finest compositions.[2][3][4] In 1839, soon after publishing it,
Schumann called it in a letter "my favourite work," remarking that "The title
conveys nothing to any but Germans.
 HECTOR BERLIOZ
Louis-Hector Berlioz
(11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer. His output
includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy,
choral pieces including the Requiem and L'Enfance du Christ, his three operas
Benvenuto Cellini, Les Troyens and Béatrice
et Bénédict, and works of hybrid genres such
as the "dramatic symphony" Roméo et Juliette
and the "dramatic legend" La Damnation de
Faust.

The elder son of a provincial doctor, Berlioz was

expected to follow his father into medicine, and
he attended a Parisian medical college before
defying his family by taking up music as a
profession. His independence of mind and
refusal to follow traditional rules and formulas
put him at odds with the conservative musical
establishment of Paris. He briefly moderated his
style sufficiently to win France's premier music
prize, the Prix de Rome, in 1830 but he learned
little from the academics of the Paris
Conservatoire. Opinion was divided for many
years between those who thought him an
original genius and those who viewed his music
as lacking in form and coherence.
 FAMOUS
COMPOSERS
OF
ROMANTIC ERA
SUBMITTED BY:
SPJ 9

SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Fediroc L. Celestial
 CAMILLE SAINTS-SAENS
Camille Saint-Saëns, in full Charles-Camille Saint-Saëns

(born October 9, 1835, Paris, France—died December

16, 1921, Algiers [Algeria]), composer chiefly
remembered for his symphonic poems—the first of that
genre to be written by a Frenchman—and for his opera
Samson et Dalila.

Saint-Saëns was notable for his pioneering efforts on

behalf of French music, and he was a gifted pianist and
organist as well as a writer of criticism, poetry, essays,
and plays.

SAMSON AND DELILAH

Samson and Delilah, French Samson et Dalila, opera by Camille Saint-Saëns that
premiered in Weimar on December 2, 1877, having previously been rejected in
Paris for its portrayal of biblical subject matter.

Its exotic and suggestive “Bacchanale,” the opera’s best-known excerpt, is often
performed in concerts as an instrumental arrangement. Dramatizing the life of
Samson, the legendary strongman, and Delilah, the woman who seduced and
betrayed him, the opera builds to a violent conclusion, in that Samson is crushed
along with his foes when he pulls down a temple around them.

Staging grandiose scenes such as the temple’s fall and the opera’s mass dances
has long provided a technical challenge for directors.
 PYOTR ILYICH
TCHAIKOVSKY
was a Russian composer of the romantic period, whose
works are among the most popular music in the classical
repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose
music made a lasting impression internationally, bolstered
by his appearances as a guest conductor in Europe and the
United States.

ROMEO AND JULIET

TH 42, ČW 39, is an orchestral work composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
It is styled an Overture-Fantasy, and is based on Shakespeare's play of the
same name. Like other composers such as Berlioz and Prokofiev,
Tchaikovsky was deeply inspired by Shakespeare and wrote works based
on The Tempest and Hamlet as well.

Unlike Tchaikovsky's other major compositions, Romeo and Juliet does not
have an opus number.[1] It has been given the alternative catalogue
designations TH 42[2] and ČW 39.[3]