TIME SPECIFIC TEACHING EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE CONTENT LEARNING ACTIVITY

2min To introduce the INTRODUCTION
topic. Empowerment is
important for
individual, families
and groups because it
increases the
perceived quality of
life and promotes self-
esteem. It is
contingent on social
support and results
from individual
perception of needs
for care as met.

2min To define the DEFINITION

term The term empowerment refers to measures designed to increase the degree
empowerment of autonomy and self-determination in people and in communities in order to Student teacher Why it is
and to explain the enable them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined define the term, important to
purpose of way, acting on their own authority. It is the process of becoming stronger and empowerment and engage the
empowering self- more confident, especially in controlling one's life and claiming one's rights. explains the purpose individuals,
care for of empowerment of families and
individuals, ENGAGING INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES AND GROUPS IN THEIR HEALTH CARE IS self-care for groups in their
families and TO ACHIEVE THE FOLLOWING GOALS- individuals, families self-care?
groups.  Improving self-care- self-care actions that we take to recognise, treat and groups.
and manage our own health problems independently of the medical
system- is the most prevalent form of health care. Most of people
cope with their minor illness without resource to professional help.
 Improving treatment decisions -Most individuals want more
information and a greater share in the process of decisions about how
they will be treated. Shared decision-making is "a process in which
 individuals are involved as active partners with the clinician in
clarifying acceptable medical options and in choosing a preferred
course of clinical care.
 Improving health literacy is.- health literacy is about empowering
people to find, understand and use health information to make sound
decisions about their own, their family’s health. Mass media
campaigns to spread health information can be effective in raising
awareness.
 Improving responsiveness through public Involvement -There is
increasing recognition that a high quality health service is one which
is both organised around, and responsive to, the needs of the people
who use it.

ASSESSMENT OF SELF AND FAMILY

10min To explain the 1. Monitoring growth and development Student teacher How you can
different methods Parents are the best people to monitor their Childs growth and explains the assess self and
for assessment of development. They are the people who know their children best. different methods of your family for
self and family. Health professionals act as partners to parents in this process. It is assessing the self possible health
important to monitor child’s development so that any possible and family with the problems?
problems can be identified and treated as early as possible. help of charts and
CHILD’S DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES power point
 0 to 3 months presentation.
Motor Milestones
 While lying on tummy, pushes up on arms
 While lying on tummy, lifts and holds head up
 Able to bring hands to mouth
Sensory Milestones
 While lying on back, attempts to reach for a toy held above their chest
 While lying on back, visually tracks a moving toy from side to side
 Able to calm with rocking, touching, and gentle sounds
 Communication Milestones
To explain the  Quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice Student teacher Discuss
developmental  Turns head towards sound or voice explains developmental
milestones of  Shows interest in faces developmental milestones of a
child till 1 year of  Makes eye contact milestones of child child from 1 to 12
age. Feeding Milestones till 1 year of age with months of age.
 Latches onto nipple or bottle the help of charts
 Tongue moves forward and back to suck and power point
 Sucks and swallows well during feeding presentation.
 4 to 6 months
Motor Milestones
 Uses hands to support self while sitting
 Rolls from back to tummy and tummy to back
 While lying on back, transfers a toy from one hand to the other
Sensory Milestones
 Uses both hands to explore toys
 Generally happy when not hungry or tired
 Brings hands and objects to mouth
Communication Milestones
 Reacts to sudden noises or sounds
 Listens and responds when spoken to
 Begins to use consonant sounds in babbling, e.g. “da, da, da”
Feeding Milestones
 Shows interest in food
 Opens mouth as spoon approaches
 7 to 9 months
Motor Milestones
 Sits without support
 Sits and reaches for toys without falling
 Moves from tummy or back into sitting
 Picks up small objects with thumbs and fingers
Sensory Milestones
 Enjoys a variety of movements – bouncing up and down, rocking back and
forth
 Explores and examines an object using both hands and mouth
 Turns several pages of a chunky (board) book at once
 Investigates shapes, sizes, and textures of toys and surroundings
Communication Milestones
 Participates in two-way communication
 Follows some routine commands when paired with gestures
 Uses simple gestures, e.g. shaking head for “no”
Feeding Milestones
 In a high chair, holds and drinks from a bottle
 Begins to eat thicker pureed and mashed table foods
 Starts to look and reach for objects such as food that is nearby
 Shows strong reaction to new smells and tastes
 10-12 months

Motor Milestones
 Pulls to stand and cruises along furniture
 Stands alone and takes several independent steps
 Claps hands
 Uses thumb and pointer finger to pick up tiny objects
Sensory Milestones
 Enjoys listening to songs
 Explores toys with hands, fingers, and mouth
 Crawls to or away from objects baby sees in the distance
Communication Milestones
 Meaningfully uses “mama” or “dada”
 Responds to simple directions, e.g. “Come here”
 Pays attention to where you are looking and pointing
 Responds to “no”
 Feeding Milestones
 Finger feeds self
 Eating an increasing variety of food
 Begins to use an open cup

15 To discuss about VITAL SIGNS-Vital signs are measurements of the body's most basic functions. Student teacher How you will
mins the vital signs m The four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and explains monitoring monitor vital
health care providers include the following:
monitoring at of vital signs at signs at home?
home. home with the help
 Body temperature of chalk board and
 Pulse rate
power point
 Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
presentations.
 Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a vital sign, but is often
measured along with the vital signs.)
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. Vital signs
can be measured in a medical setting, at home, at the site of a medical
emergency, or elsewhere.

What is body temperature?

The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent

activity, food and fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of
the menstrual cycle. Normal body temperature can range from 97.8 degrees F
(or Fahrenheit, equivalent to 36.5 degrees C, or Celsius) to 99 degrees F (37.2
degrees C) for a healthy adult. A person's body temperature can be taken in
many ways like axillary, oral, rectal etc. Body temperature may be abnormal
due to fever (high temperature) or hypothermia (low temperature). A fever is
indicated when body temperature rises about one degree or more over the
normal temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the American
Academy of Family Physicians. Hypothermia is defined as a drop in body
temperature below 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
2min To explain what is What is the pulse rate?
pulse and how to The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the Student teacher Write points to
check our pulse. heart beats per minute. As the heart pushes blood through the arteries, the explains about the be kept in mind
arteries expand and contract with the flow of the blood. Taking a pulse not pulse arte and while assessing
only measures the heart rate, but also can indicate the following: rhythm and your pulse .
 Heart rhythm
demonstrates how
 Strength of the pulse
to check pulse at
The normal pulse for healthy adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
home.
The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with exercise, illness, injury, and
emotions. Females ages 12 and older, in general, tend to have faster heart
rates than do males. Athletes, such as runners, who do a lot of cardiovascular
conditioning, may have heart rates near 40 beats per minute and experience
no problems.

How to check your pulse

As the heart forces blood through the arteries, you feel the beats by firmly
pressing on the arteries, which are located close to the surface of the skin at
certain points of the body. The pulse can be found on the side of the neck, on
the inside of the elbow, or at the wrist. For most people, it is easiest to take
the pulse at the wrist. If you use the lower neck, be sure not to press too hard,
and never press on the pulses on both sides of the lower neck at the same
time to prevent blocking blood flow to the brain. When taking your pulse:
 Using the first and second fingertips, press firmly but gently on the
arteries until you feel a pulse.
 Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second hand is on the 12.
 Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 15 seconds and then multiply by
four to calculate beats per minute).
  When counting, do not watch the clock continuously, but concentrate on
the beats of the pulse.
 If unsure about your results, ask another person to count for you.
If your doctor has ordered you to check your own pulse and you are having
difficulty finding it, consult your doctor or nurse for additional instruction.
What is the respiration rate?
The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The
rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting
the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest
rises. Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, and with other
medical conditions. When checking respiration, it is important to also note
whether a person has any difficulty breathing.
Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16
breaths per minute.
5min To discuss the What is blood pressure? Student teacher Why it is
importance of Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls explains why it is important to
checking blood during contraction and relaxation of the heart. Each time the heart beats, it important to check check BP at home
pressure at home. pumps blood into the arteries, resulting in the highest blood pressure as the BP at home at regular interval
heart contracts. When the heart relaxes, the blood pressure falls. periodically with the of time?
High blood pressure, or hypertension, directly increases the risk of heart help of power point
attack, heart failure, and stroke. With high blood pressure, the arteries may presentation.
have an increased resistance against the flow of blood, causing the heart to
pump harder to circulate the blood.
Why should I monitor my blood pressure at home?
For people with hypertension, home monitoring allows your doctor to
monitor how much your blood pressure changes during the day, and from day
to day. This may also help your doctor determine how effectively your blood
pressure medication is working.
 What special equipment is needed to measure blood pressure?
Either an aneroid monitor, which has a dial gauge and is read by looking at a
pointer, or a digital monitor, in which the blood pressure reading flashes on a
small screen, can be used to measure blood pressure.
About the aneroid monitor
The aneroid monitor is less expensive than the digital monitor. The cuff is
inflated by hand by squeezing a rubber bulb. Some units even have a special
feature to make it easier to put the cuff on with one hand. However, the unit
can be easily damaged and become less accurate. Because the person using it
must listen for heartbeats with the stethoscope, it may not be appropriate for
the hearing-impaired.
About the digital monitor
The digital monitor is automatic, with the measurements appearing on a small
screen. Because the recordings are easy to read, this is the most popular
blood pressure measuring device. It is also easier to use than the aneroid unit,
and since there is no need to listen to heartbeats through the stethoscope,
this is a good device for hearing-impaired patients. One disadvantage is that
body movements or an irregular heart rate can change the accuracy. These
units are also more expensive than the aneroid monitors.
Before you measure your blood pressure: Student teacher What are the
2min To explain the The American Heart Association recommends the following guidelines for explains the important
guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring: guidelines for home guidelines for
home blood  Don't smoke or drink coffee for 30 minutes before taking your blood BP monitoring with monitoring BP at
pressure pressure. the help of charts home?
monitoring.  Go to the bathroom before the test. and power point
presentation.
 Relax for 5 minutes before taking the measurement.
 Sit with your back supported (don't sit on a couch or soft chair). Keep your
feet on the floor uncrossed. Place your arm on a solid flat surface (like a
table) with the upper part of the arm at heart level. Place the middle of
 the cuff directly above the bend of the elbow. Check the monitor's
instruction manual for an illustration.
 Take multiple readings. When you measure, take 2 to 3 readings one
minute apart and record all the results.
 Take your blood pressure at the same time every day, or as your
healthcare provider recommends.
 Record the date, time, and blood pressure reading.
 Take the record with you to your next medical appointment. If your blood
pressure monitor has a built-in memory, simply take the monitor with you
to your next appointment.
 Call your provider if you have several high readings. Don't be frightened
by a single high blood pressure reading, but if you get several high
readings, check in with your healthcare provider.
 When blood pressure reaches a systolic (top number) of 180 or higher OR
diastolic (bottom number) of 110 or higher, seek emergency medical
treatment.
Ask your doctor or another healthcare professional to teach you how to use
your blood pressure monitor correctly. Have the monitor routinely checked
for accuracy by taking it with you to your doctor's office. It is also important to
make sure the tubing is not twisted when you store it and keep it away from
heat to prevent cracks and leaks.
Student teacher What is BSE and
BREST SELF-EXAMINATION-A breast self-exam is a screening technique you
2mins To define breast explain the what is the best
can do at home to check for breast lumps.it is important to do BSE for women
self-examination who is at age of puberty or above. A breast self-exam can help screen for: importance of Brest time to perform
and to explain its  Tumors self-examination BSE?
importance.  Cysts and the time when it
 other abnormalities in the breasts should be done?
 However, breast self-exams help you familiarize yourself with the shape,
size, and texture of your breasts. This is important because it can help you
 determine if what you are feeling is normal or abnormal. Any time you feel
an abnormality in your breast, tell your doctor.
 The best time to do a breast self-exam is a few days after your monthly
menstrual cycle ends. Hormonal changes can affect the size and feel of
your breasts, so it is best to perform the exam when your breasts are in
their normal state. Women who do not menstruate should choose a
certain day to perform the exam, such as the first of each month.

How to do a breast self-exam: The five steps

5mins To explain the Student teacher Demonstrate the
steps of Brest Step 1: Begin by looking at your breasts in the explains the steps of steps of BSE.
self-examination. mirror with your shoulders straight and your BSE with the help of
arms on your hips. video and power
point presentation.

Here's what you should look for:

 Breasts that are their usual size, shape,
and color
 Breasts that are evenly shaped without
visible distortion or swelling Step 1
If you see any of the following changes, bring
them to your doctor's attention:
 Dimpling, puckering, or bulging of the skin
  A nipple that has changed position or an
inverted nipple (pushed inward instead of
To enlist criteria sticking out)
of an ideal  Redness, soreness, rash, or swelling
contraceptive.
Step 2: Now, raise your arms and look for the
same changes.
Step 3: While you're at the mirror, look for
any signs of fluid coming out of one or both
nipples (this could be a watery, milky, or
yellow fluid or blood).

Steps 2 and 3

Step 4: Next, feel your breasts while lying

down, using your right hand to feel your left
breast and then your left hand to feel your
right breast. Use a firm, smooth touch with
the first few finger pads of your hand, keeping
the fingers flat and together. Use a circular Step 4
motion, about the size of a quarter.
Cover the entire breast from top to bottom,
side to side — from your collarbone to the top
of your abdomen, and from your armpit to
your cleavage.
Follow a pattern to be sure that you cover the
whole breast. You can begin at the nipple,
moving in larger and larger circles until you
reach the outer edge of the breast. You can
also move your fingers up and down vertically,
in rows, as if you were mowing a lawn. This
up-and-down approach seems to work best
for most women. Be sure to feel all the tissue
from the front to the back of your breasts: for
the skin and tissue just beneath, use light
pressure; use medium pressure for tissue in
the middle of your breasts; use firm pressure
for the deep tissue in the back. When you've
reached the deep tissue, you should be able
to feel down to your ribcage.
 Step 5: Finally, feel your breasts while you are
standing or sitting. Many women find that the
easiest way to feel their breasts is when their
skin is wet and slippery, so they like to do this
step in the shower. Cover your entire breast,
using the same hand movements described in
step 4.

Step 5

TESTICULAR SELF-EXAMINATION (TSE) –[A testicular self-examination (TSE) is

5mins To discuss about useful in the detection of cancer of the testicles. Testicular cancer is the most Student teacher What do
testicular self- common solid tumor found in males age 20-34 years. If detected early and discuss about the understand by
examination and treated, testicular cancer is almost 100% curable. TSE with the risk TSE?
to explain the Testicular Cancer Risk Factors- factors and common
The cause of testicular cancer is unknown, but there are several known risk
procedure of TSE. sign and symptoms
factors:
of testicular cancer
 Family history of testicular tumours
 History of an undescended testicle or a late-descending testicle
with the help of
 History of mumps and later shrinking of the testicles charts and power
 Injury to the scrotum point presentation.
 Ethnicity: More common in white than black men

Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms

 Small, painless lump in a testicle
 Feeling of heaviness in the testicle
 Enlarging male breasts or breast tenderness
 Enlargement of the testicle
 A new collection of fluid or blood in the scrotum around the testicle
 Pain in the testicle
 How to Do a Testicular Self-Examination

The best time to examine testicles is during or after a shower or bath. The
warm water allows the scrotum to relax and the testicles to drop down. The
left testicle normally hangs a bit lower than the right. It is common for one
testicle to be larger than the other one.

Young men should examine themselves once a month. More frequent exams
actually may result in missing a slowly changing lump.

2min How to conduct a testicular self-exam

To explain how to Student teacher Explain the steps
perform a  Support each testicle with one hand and examine it with the other. explain how to of testicular self-
testicular self-  Gently roll each testicle between the thumb and fingers. Testicles perform TSE at examination.
exam and when should feel firm and smooth, about the consistency of a hard-boiled home and when to
to consult a egg without the shell. consult a doctor
doctor.  The epididymis is a ropelike structure attached to the back of the with the help of
testis. This structure is not an abnormal lump
power point
 Feel for firm masses, lumps, or nodules in the testicle. In cancer, these
presentation.
lumps are usually painless.
 Become familiar with normal size, shape, and weight of each testicle
and epididymis. This will help you recognize a change from one self-
examination to the next, if a change should occur.

When to Call the Doctor as a Result of a Testicular Self-Exam

If you find a lump, contact a doctor to set up an appointment for evaluation.

In addition to cancer, there are other causes of abnormal lumps. The doctor
should examine you to make the correct determination of the cause. The
doctor can instruct you on the correct way to do a testicular self-examination.
 WARNING SIGN OF VARIOUS DISEASES
Warning sign means a sign giving warning of a hazard or risk.
10 To discuss about Importance of warning signs - Student teacher List down the
mins the warning signs • Early identification and diagnosis of the health problems explains the common
• Early treatment Decreases morbidity, mortality
of various common caution warning/caution
People should know the early signals of these diseases, so that you can go to
diseases. signs of diseases signs for diseases.
the doctor at an early stage of the disease and there is a very high possibility
of treatment of the disease. with the help of
charts and power
COMMON CAUTION SIGNS OF DISEASES
point presentation.
1. Unexplained weight loss, which may signal such things as chronic infection,
depression or in serious cases, cancer.
2. Unexplained changes in bowel habits may be due to inflammatory bowel
disease, ulcers, cancers or infections.
3. Chest pain with a pain in the jaw or arm can be a sign of heart disease.
4. Shortness of breath, breathing trouble may indicate lung or heart disease.
5. Sudden unexplained headaches, especially in people over 50. It may be
nothing or it may something serious in the brain like an infection or a
tumour.
6. Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg on one side of the
body.
7. Loss of speech or trouble talking or understanding speech or blurring or
loss of vision. This may indicate a stroke or a transient ischaemic attack.
8. Confusion, changes in behaviour or thinking, disorientation, hallucinations
are thewarning signs of possible low blood sugar, possible head injury, side
effects of drugs.
9. Flashing lights in someone who has otherwise normal vision may be the
beginning of retinal detachment.
10. Hot, red or swollen joints indicate arthritis or joint infection.
11. Fever (over 37.5 degree C) persisting over a week may mean a chronic
underlying infection, cancer or some other illness.
 WARNING SIGNS OF DIABETES
5mins To explain the • A parent or sibling with diabetes Student teacher List down the
warning signs for • increased thirst discuss about warning signs for
common diseases • increased appetite warning signs of diabetes,
• frequent urination at night
like diabetes, some common hypertension,
• unexplained weight loss or very overweight
hypertension, etc. diseases with the lung, heart and
• Slow healing wounds
• Fatigue help of charts and kidney diseases.
• Persistent blurred vision power point
• Persistent numbness in hands or feet presentation.

WARNING SIGNS OF LUNG DISEASE

 Chronic cough
 shortness of breath
 chronic mucus production
 Wheezing
 coughing up blood
 chronic chest pain

WARNING SIGNS OF HYPERTENSION

• Sweating
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Quick exhaustion
• Rapid pulse or palpitation

WARNING SIGNS STROKE

F.A.S.T F- face dropping A- arm weakness S- speech difficulties T- time to call
hospital
• Numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg sudden trouble in seeing in
one or both eyes
• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
 • Sudden severe headache with no known causes

WARNING SIGNS OF KIDNEY DISEASE

• Nausea or vomiting
• Weakness or fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Weight gain
• Swollen feet and ankles puffiness around eyes
• High blood pressure

2min To explain the URINALYSIS

purpose and Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
procedure of Student teacher What do you
urinalysis. A urine sample is needed. Your health care provider will tell you what type of explains the purpose understand by
urine sample is needed. Two common methods of collecting urine are 24-hour and procedure of term urinalysis?
urine collection and clean catch urine specimen.The sample is sent to a lab,
urinalysis with the
where it is examined for the following:
help of power point
PHYSICAL COLOR AND APPEARANCE presentation.
How the urine sample looks to the naked eye:
 Is it clear or cloudy?
 Is it is pale, or dark yellow, or another color?

MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE
The urine sample is examined under a microscope to:
 Check if there are any cells, urine crystals, urinary casts, mucus, and other
substances.
 Identify any bacteria or other germs.
2mins CHEMICAL APPEARANCE-Test for albumin in urine
To explain the Student teacher How you will test
procedure of  Take a test rube and fill 3\4 of it with urine. explain the urine for the
testing albumin  Fix the test tube holder on the lower 1\3 of the test tube. procedure for presence of
and sugar in  Light the spirit lamp or stove and boil the top one third part of urine testing albumin and albumin and
urine. but kept mouth of test tube away from your face. sugar in urine with sugar?
 Observe the top of heated column of urine for cloddy appearance, the help of power
clear urine indicates absence of albumin.
point presentation.
 If cloudy add 5 drops of 2% acetic acid and reheat. It colour does not
appear when acid is added, test is reported to have albumin.

Test for sugar in urine

 Take a test tube and poor 5cc of benedict’s solution in it.

 Hold the test tube with the test tube holder.
 Boil the solution for 2 minutes.
 Add 8 drops of urine into boiled solution.
 Boil it again for some time and let it cool.
 Observe the changes in colour, if no change then sugar is absent.
 If sugar is present, the colour will be ranging from yellow, orange and
brick red.

2min To explain how to HOME BLOOD SUGAR TESTING Student teacher Discus about the
monitor glucose explains the home traditional home
Everyone with diabetes should test their blood sugar (aka blood
levels at home. blood sugar testing glucose
glucose) levels regularly. Knowing the results lets you adjust your
with the help of monitoring
strategy for keeping the disease in check, as needed.
power point method.
Traditional Home Glucose Monitoring presentation.
 You prick your finger with a lancet (a small, sharp needle), put a drop of blood
on a test strip, and then place the strip into a meter that displays your blood
sugar levels.
Meters vary in features, portability, speed, size, cost, and readability (with
larger displays or spoken instructions if you have vision problems). Devices
deliver results in less than 15 seconds and store this information for future
use.

SEEKING HEALTH SERVICES FOR ROUTINE CHECK-UP

2min To explain routine Student teacher What health
It is a good idea to visit a doctor regularly, even if you feel healthy. The
health check-ups purpose of these visits is to: explains the purpose check-ups should
for individuals,  -check for current or emerging medical problems of routine health be periodically at
families and check-ups and the home?
 -assess your risk of future medical issues
group with their health checks which
purpose.  -prompt you to maintain a healthy lifestyle should be
 -Update vaccinations. performed at home
at regular interval
Having a health check is also a time to examine your lifestyle to see what with the help of
improvements can be made. This may be something you regularly do yourself charts and power
or discuss with a healthcare professional.
point presentation.
HEALTH CHECKS AT HOME
You can do a basic health check at home to review your health in relation to:
 Alcohol – people who have at least two alcohol-free days per week and stick
to no more than two standard drinks per drinking day have better long-term
health.
 Dental care – cleaning your teeth regularly and eating a low-sugar diet can
reduce your risk of tooth decay, gum disease and tooth loss. Visit a dentist or
other oral health professional at least once a year for a dental examination
and professional cleaning, or more frequently as advised by your dentist.
 Diet – a healthy diet improves your general health and wellbeing. Have at
least two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables each day.
  Physical activity – regular physical activity is good for your mental health,
heart and bones, and can prevent many diseases. Aim for 30 minutes to an
hour of moderate physical activity a day. Moderate physical activity takes
some effort, but still allows a conversation to be held (for example, brisk
walking, gentle swimming, social tennis).
 Skin checks – check your skin regularly for unusual moles or freckles, and see
your doctor if you notice anything unusual. People who work outdoors need a
yearly examination by their doctor or a dermatologist.
 Smoking – smoking increases your risk of many diseases, including heart
disease, stroke, lung disease and thin bones. If you smoke, quitting as soon as
possible helps reduce the harm.
 Weight – maintaining a healthy weight range helps prevent longer-term
diseases, such as diabetes and arthritis.

5mins To discuss regular REGULAR HEALTH CHECKS FOR ADULTS Student teacher What are regular
health check-ups Regular health checks can help to identify early warning signs of disease or discuss the regular health check-ups
for adults, women illness. Heart disease, diabetes and some cancers can often be picked up in health check-up for should be done
and older people. their early stages, when treatment may be more successful. adults, women and periodically for
older people at adults, women
When you have a check, your doctor will talk to you about your medical
history, your family’s history of disease and your lifestyle. Your diet, weight,
home with the help and elder people?
how much you exercise, and whether or not you smoke and drink alcohol or of power point
take illegal drugs will also be discussed. presentation.

HEALTH CHECKS FOR WOMEN

In order to stay in good health and identify possible health issues at an early
stage, it is important for women to have regular health checks. There are a
number of specific tests that you should make part of your regular routine.

Breast cancer screening

It’s recommended that women between the ages of 50–69 years attend the
Breast Screen Australia Program every two years for screening mammograms.
 There is no evidence that clinical examination or self-examination offers any
health benefits to women.

Cervical Screening Test

The Pap test has been replaced with a new Cervical Screening Test (CST) every
five years. The CST is safe, more accurate and detects human papilloma
virus (HPV) infection, the main cause of cervical cancer. Your first CST is due
at 25 years of age or two years after your last Pap test. If your result is normal
you will be due in five years to have your next test. Even if you have been
vaccinated against HPV, you should continue to have regular screening as the
vaccine doesn't protect against all types of HPV infection known to cause
cervical cancer. Have any questions? We recommend speaking to your
healthcare provider.

STI screening
If you are sexually active, you should get tested for chlamydia every year
between the ages of 15 and 29, using a simple urine test. Chlamydia is very
common and does not always show symptoms. If you are at risk of other
sexually transmissible infections, such as HIV/AIDS or herpes, ask your doctor
about further testing.

HEALTH CHECKS FOR OLDER PEOPLE

As you get older, keeping an eye on your health becomes more important.
Speak to your doctor about:
 -abdominal aortic aneurysm screening – former and current smokers
(particularly older men) can consider having an ultrasound to screen for
abdominal aortic aneurysms, a blood-filled bulge in a major blood vessel in
your abdomen called the aorta
 -Blood pressure screening – every year. If you have diabetes, heart disease,
kidney problems, or certain other conditions, you may need to be checked
more often
 -bowel cancer screening – a simple test for signs of bowel cancer is
recommended once every two years if you are over 50
  -Cholesterol screening and heart disease prevention – every five years if levels
are normal. If you have high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, kidney
problems or certain other conditions, you may need to be checked more
often
 -Diabetes screening – every three years. If you are overweight and have other
risk factors for diabetes, ask your doctor if you should be screened more often
 -lung cancer screening – for current smokers and those who have quit within
the past 15 years
 -Osteoporosis screening – if you have risk factors for osteoporosis, you should
check with your doctor about screening. Risk factors can include long-term
steroid use, low body weight, smoking, heavy alcohol use or a family history
of osteoporosis
 -A physical exam – every year or as recommended by your doctor. Your
doctor will check and record your weight, height and body mass index (BMI).

2mins To explain the These periodic health check up’s will be helpful in identifying any abnormal or Student teacher Discuss the
health care diseased condition at an early stage and then health services for treatment explains the health health care
and follow up can be availed at nearby health centres / hospitals. Health care
services available care services services available
services are provided at –
for early available for early for the early
detection, Primary care refers to the work of health professionals who act as a first point detection, treatment detection,
treatment and of consultation for all patients within the health care system. Such a and follow ups with treatment and
follow up of professional would usually be a primary care physician, such as a general the help of chalk follow up of the
diseases. practitioner or family physician. Primary care is often used as the term for the board and power diseases.
health care services that play a role in the local community. Primary care point presentation.
involves the widest scope of health care, including all ages of patients,
patients of all socioeconomic and geographic origins, patients seeking to
maintain optimal health, and patients with all types of acute and chronic
physical, mental and social health issues, including multiple chronic diseases.
Primary care also includes many basic maternal and child health care services,
such as family planning services and vaccinations.
 Secondary care includes acute care: necessary treatment for a short period of
time for a brief but serious illness, injury, or other health condition. This care
is often found in a hospital emergency department. Secondary care also
includes skilled attendance during childbirth, intensive care, and medical
imaging services. The term "secondary care" is sometimes used synonymously
with "hospital care"
Allied health professionals, such as physical therapists, respiratory
therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and dieticians, also
generally work in secondary care, accessed through either patient self-referral
or through physician referral.

Tertiary care is specialized consultative health care, usually for inpatients and
on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that
has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment,
such as a tertiary referral hospital.
Examples of tertiary care services
are cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, plastic surgery,
treatment for severe burns, advanced neonatology services, palliative, and
other complex medical and surgical interventions.
COUNSELLING SERVICERS
2mins To discuss about
the importance of Counselling is a scientific process of assistance extended by an expert in an Student teacher Why counselling
counselling and individual situation to a needy person. Counselling involves relationship is needed?
discuss about the
the counselling between two persons in which one of them (counsellor) attempts to assists What are the
the other (counselee or client) in so organising himself as to attain a particular importance and the
service available. different types of
form of happiness, adjusting to a life situation, or in short, self actualisation. types of counselling
counselling
Why counselling is needed
services available
services
 To understand once own problems clearly. with the help of available?
 To realise what he is able to do and what he should do that means to charts and power
accept abilities and weaknesses. point presentation.
  Develop insight and understanding in relation to self and
environment, opportunities open to improve in respect to his
potentials and goals he has chosen.
 Decide a course of action by making his own decision .
Types of counselling services available are-
 health counselling
 vocational counselling
 Post-traumatic stress counselling
 Counselling for carers
 Counselling for sexual abuse and rape
 Counselling for abuse and addiction
 Couples counselling
SUMMARY
2mins To summarize the Empowerment is
topic. important for
individual, families
and groups because it
increases the
perceived quality of
life and promotes self-
esteem. It is
contingent on social
support and results
from individual
perception of needs
for care as met.
Engaging individuals,
families and groups
in self-care is
 important as it helps
them to improve
their self-care
practices and to
make better
treatment decisions.

1min To conclude the

CONCLUSION
topic.
The teaching of
topic empowerment
of individuals,
families and groups
for self-care is being
a very good teaching
and learning
experience as it a
topic of concern to
the whole
community to
empower every
member of the
society for their self-
care and to be
healthy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY-
 PARK,K , TEATBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, BHANOT PUBLISHERS, 2007
 GULANI, K.K COMMUNIT HEALTH NURSING: PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES, KUMAR PUBLISHERS
 PATNEY,S. TEXTBOOK OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING, MODERN PUBLISHERS,2005
 FREEMAN,RUTH B.COOMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE, W.B SAUNDERS
 https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/self_exam
 https://www.webmd.com/men/testicular-exam
 https://www.fatfreekitchen.com/warning.html
 https://carleton.ca/health/counselling-services/
 RAJKUMARI AMRIT KAUR COLLEGE OF NURSING

LESSON PLAN ON
EMPOWERMENT FOR SELF-CARE OF INDIVIDUALS,
FAMILIES AND GROUPS

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY-

MADAM MRS. SARITA SHOKANDA MS. DIVYA KHATRI
SENIOR TUTOR MSC NURSING 1ST YEAR