RED DE MONITOREO Y CALIDAD DEL AIRE

FASE 5 DESARROLLO DE ARTÍCULO EN INGLÉS SOBRE ANÁLISIS DE DATOS DE

RMCA

ESTUDIANTES
LEICY ALEJANDRA PADILLA
CÓDIGO. 1.057.598.178
LUISA JULIANA ACUÑA CORONADO
CÓDIGO. 1.052.404.700
ERIKA LILIANA VARON CAICEDO
CODIGO. 1.030.673.668
WILSON FERNANDO SANCHEZ CARO
CODIGO. 1.049.612.581

GRUPO
358055_7

TUTOR
MARCO ANDRES GUEVARA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA – UNAD

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRICUOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE –
ECAPMA
NOVIEMBRE DE 2019
 DESIGN OF THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK IN THE INDUSTRIAL
CITADEL OF DUITAMA

Air pollution is currently one of the most severe environmental problems worldwide. It is present in
all societies, regardless of the level of socioeconomic development, and is a phenomenon that has a
particular impact on human health.
This article analyzes the air quality monitoring system, which was designed for the industrial citadel
of the municipality of Duitama, where two stations will be created and the SVCA TYPE II: BASIC
system will be applied, covering populations of 150,000 of at least 300,000 inhabitants, according to
the number of people affected in the industrial area included within this range. The initial diagnosis
will only include the emission inventory, the meteorological analysis and the measurement campaign.
Through this RMCA it will be possible to evaluate and analyze the parameters and measures taken
by each of the components of the designed network and thus see its impact on the environment and
on the local population, as well as determine actions in case of finding extreme cases . Pollution or
high levels, we must implement this system to reduce air pollution rates and contribute to a healthy
environment.

keywords: Contamination, weather station ,weather emissions, fixed sources, Air Quality indexe
d. Introduction: previous studies, or developments in the area selected for the phase-2 air quality
monitoring network designed, justification of the area in which the air quality network is implemented
(2 pages)

Air pollution in Colombia has been one of the factors of greatest concern in recent years, due to the
impacts generated both on health and the environment. (LARSEN, BJORN, 2004).

The Municipality of Duitama has one of the first industrial parks of Boyacá Ciudadela Parque
Industrial de Duitama, where there are a large number of companies such as bodyworks, metallurgy
plants, aggregates factories for construction, food, commerce and services, it also finds open pit
mining by the company cementos argos, which represents the greatest activity, followed by small
holdings of recebo material and a small percentage of underground mining for coal exploitation, it
also has a significant number of Parking lots for heavy cargo transportation that are contributors to
MP10 emissions due to the composition of their soil, which is also attributed to the increase in air
pollution due to the complexity and type of industry developed there.

According to the activities related above, it is presented presenting a great health problem about the
community, listing this sector as one of the most contaminated in Duitama.

The monitoring and follow-up of atmospheric emissions is managed through environmental

authorities, which have the responsibility of controlling a control of the companies that serve with the
well-being of the environment. We can observe the great industrial development and identify high
levels of contamination above what is allowed. For this reason, the network for the monitoring of the
air quality of the Sogamoso Valley was created in 1997, which has presented inconsistencies in its
measurements, closures and modifications of the location sites of each station throughout its
operation. There are four stations (Recreo, Nazareth, Bavaria and Airport) covering the entire
Sogamoso Valley, which is outside the service of two stations, which prevents a real monitoring of
air pollution by the authority.

Therefore, it is believed that despite the projects implemented for the control of air pollution, an air
quality monitoring system is required to achieve satisfactory successful results for the improvement
of the population's living conditions and stability enviroment. The system that we present allows the
evaluation and environmental performance of the companies belonging to this sector, based on the
adequate monitoring of air quality, ensuring that environmental entities generate environmental
policies and control in this truly safe region.

As a general purpose of the project, the revision and improvement of the RMCA is sought, by
implementing two fixed stations of PM10 A station located above the Duitama Industrial Park
location without influence of the sources studied and a station below the main sources influence A
type II portable weather station is also installed at the point of greatest representation (wind speed
and direction, temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, rainfall, barometric pressure). In each
fixed station an automatic rain gauge is located and finally indicative measurements will be made as
follows:
• During the first year, the stations will remain at each point for a minimum period of 3 months before
changing their location.
• From the second year on, you must remain for a minimum period of one year at each point before
changing your location.
• If, during the SVCA evolution, PM10 measurements are found where the conditions of the moderate
source area are met, a fixed station must be located at the point

Guidelines to be fulfilled as required by the guidelines dictated by the protocol for the monitoring
and follow-up of the air quality of the Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development
of the year 2010 for a Special System of Air Quality Surveillance (SEVCA).
The design of the RMCA will be reviewed every two years for areas influenced by steel industries,
point source phenomena, mining areas, refineries and oil zones.

The formulation of the air quality monitoring system is also carried out to achieve an increase in the
quality of the processes that determine the levels of air pollution in the region and the creation of
emission control strategies, to reach an application correction of the system based on the Protocol by
the environmental authorities of the area. (ESPINOSA, 2001)
e) METHODS

Information on the area for the implementation of the air quality monitoring network.

DEMOGRAPHY

The process of industrialization, economic development in cities and the search for better living
conditions, has led to a significant growth of urban centers.

Under this dynamic, the health sector must be prepared to face the impact of urban expansion in the
health-disease process, taking into account the relationship between health and the place where it is
inhabited. The evolution of the city, leads to problems such as exposure to noise, high episodes of
pollution, restricted availability of drinking water and lack of open spaces, these conditions, can have
negative impacts on health if you do not have adequate urban planning systems and of management
of sanitary measures at the municipal level.

Location air quality monitoring network

- Boyacá Department
- Municipality of Duitama
- San Lorenzo sidewalk
- Industrial Park Citadel of Duitama

GEOREFERENCING:

- Latitude 5 ° 47'42.53 "N

- Longitude 73 ° 4'4.83 "O

As the air quality monitoring network, it will be located in Duitama - Boyacá, it is important to know
quickly what are the characteristics of the municipality or territory that we are going to study.

Duitama limits by the north with the department of Santander: municipalities of Charalá and Encino;
by the south with the municipalities of Tibasosa and Paipa; in the east with the municipalities of Santa
Rosa de Viterbo and Belén; and in the west with the municipality of Paipa.

POPULATION

- Total 112692 rooms 2 3

- Density 402.38 inhabitants / km²
- Urban 103 552 hab.
ALTITUDE

The approximate altitude is 2535 m.a.s.l. in the Plaza de los Libertadores.

EXTENSION

According to updated information from the Agustín Codazi Geographic Institute, Duitama has a total
extension of 267,042 km2, of which 3.29% (8,861km) correspond to urban areas and 96.6% (258,180)
correspond to rural areas.

TOPOGRAPHY

The City of Duitama is located in the Alto Chicamocha Valley in the Cundiboyacense Highlands
region, on the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes in the center of the country. In the urban area, the
tutelary hills of La Milagrosa, La Tolosa and San José (La Alacranera) are identified, and the
perimeter hills and hills such as Las Cruces hill and Cargua hill are identified.

In the Jurisdiction of the Municipality of Duitama, there is an area of moorland ecosystem made up
of Sugar Loaf and Russia. This wasteland ecosystem of the mountainous system of Los Andes, gives
rise to an exceptional hydrographic star, feeding the rivers that bathe regions corresponding to the
departments of Boyacá and Santander. Duitama has 12,000 hectares of wasteland which corresponds
to 50% of the territory represented in the moors of Russia and Sugarloaf.

AIR QUALITY IN DUITAMA

At the moment there are some air quality monitoring data that have been carried out by the
environmental authority called Corpoboyacá, such as the monthly Air Quality Report
CORPOBOYACA of August 2018, of some stations that are located in Duitama, Nobsa, Tibasosa
and Sogamoso.

These data indicate that they demonstrate the behavior of the SO2 pollutant for the month of August
2018 of 6 stations of the Air Quality Monitoring network, it can be identified that the DUITAMA
station registers the highest daily concentration value 22ug / m3 and the SENA station presents the
concentration lower with a value of 1.9ug / m3, the concentrations do not exceed the maximum
permissible level for an exposure time of 1 hour of 100ug / m3.

Duitama has a large influx of heavy cargo transportation, it also has an industrial park and in
a few years with the largest cargo terminal in Colombia. Something important to keep in mind
is that Duitama does not have an inventory of emissions for the area or the industrial corridor for this
reason it is important to design the RMCA, directly for this specific point, although very close there
is an IDEAM station that records a large amount of data and weather information and weather
conditions in the area. But there are no specific data detailing the emissions generated by the
productive activities of the industrial park of Duitama.
Currently there is the Surbatá station owned by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and
Environmental Studies - IDEAM, this station is located on the Surba y Bonza de Duitama village, on
the premises of the ICA Agricultural Development Institute, where there are several components of
the monitoring network where they measure some important variables to determine the climatic
conditions of the area. Some teams record data to be analyzed later by the professionals in charge and
other teams determine or generate the data at the time.

These are the parameters that are measured in this station:

- Relative Humidity and Temperature

- Sunshine

- Wind speed

- Evaporation

- Precipitation

It has these reading instruments:

- Thermohygrometer

- Heliometer

- Anemometer

- Evaporimeter

- Pluviometer

Indirect reading instruments

- Thermohygrograph

- Anemograph

- Pluviograph
f. Results: design of the air quality monitoring network in phase-2, maps with the stations, table
summarizing the stations, air quality model implemented. The operation procedures and
management of the information obtained from the air quality monitoring network must be
g. Conclusions: coupled air quality modeling and air quality monitoring network, design and
operation remarks such as the importance in the maintenance and investment (private and public),
impact in the public health and recommendations for future designs in this or another areas (2
pages)

 As can be analyzed, although there are data and information that are generated in the current
monitoring station, there is no measurement of pollutants or harmful agents that generate the
activities carried out in the industrial park object of this group work. Reason why it is
necessary to design an RMCA in order to obtain timely and real data on air quality conditions
in the industrial area of Duitama.

 • The WRF / Chem model has been selected for modeling air pollutants in the city of Duitama
because it has the advantage of integrating the meteorology and chemical transport processes
of pollutants into the atmosphere; and as an instrument to generate and visualize the maps
resulting from the modeling, the ArcGIS Geographic Information System is used, since it is
a very useful program for geostatistical studies due to the diversity of tools available. The
performance of the WRF / Chem model should be evaluated more fully to refine those
elements that may be contributing to the greater uncertainties in the model results. For the
forecast of the chemical part, more information on the pollution of the city is needed, which
allows generating a history of emissions, with data, schedules of the different pollutants to
feed them to the WRF / Chem model.

 The tools available in the model for the meteorological part should be studied in more depth
and thus be able to use local meteorological conditions as input data and know the degree of
approximation with the satellite data used in this study.

 WRF / Chem has an advantage since it is possible to describe the variation in height
concentrations (following the evolution of the PBL), which will allow the future to analyze
the long-range transport of pollutants, their interaction and role in cloud formation, and the
ability to obtain regional modeling that includes cross-border pollution.

 The methodology implemented and the results achieved with respect to the dispersion of
particulate material should be developed in future research with new emission inventories
with more detailed information and better parameterizations of the WRF model, which would
contribute to the improvement of emission regulations and air quality, in the understanding
of the local environmental problem.
 Thanks to the modeling and design of RMCA, variations in air quality can be observed and
monitored as a result of industrial development, as well as the occurrence of adverse weather
conditions for the dispersion of polluting pollutants that also influence geographical,
socioeconomic conditions and weather of the region.

 Through this study it is also sought that the entities charged generate norms or make changes
in current regulations or stricter air quality guidelines to establish extremely low risk levels
and have greater certainty that the population is protected

h. Acknowledgements (no more than 100 words

This work was carried out with great effort and dedication, thanks to all the colleagues who
contributed to the elaboration of this valuable work, to the tutor for instructing us and
giving us feedback for the elaboration of this project, to the Open University and Distance
Unad that gives us training Continues, spaces to continue learning about RMCA and how to
improve the quality of the Environment in its different actors, thanks to this we were able to
perform a simulation of an air quality monitoring station due to this issue, so we deepened
the environmental problem about air quality.
i. References (2 pages)