SIMPLIFIED SYSTEMS IN

WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Nicolas Càceres 5500364
Alejandra Rico 5500676
Karen Umbarila 5500202
Edward Vásquez 5500108
Andrea Vivas 5500325
 INTRODUCTION

▪ The rivers, lakes and seas collect, from

time immemorial, the wastes that are
produced by human activity. These
wastes have been much larger and
problematic as time goes by.
▪ The water has a great purification
capacity. But this same facility of the
regeneration of water make it the
usual landfill in the that we dispose of
the waste produced by our activities.

Source: https://historiadelavida.editorialaces.com/tratamiento-
de-aguas-residuales/
 SEPTIC TANKS
▪ Septic tanks will usually be used for the treatment
of sewage from families living in locations that do
not have sewage services or that connection to the
sewer system is costly for their remoteness.
▪ Wastewater can come exclusively from latrines
with hydraulic drag or also include domestic gray
water (generated in showers, laundry rooms, etc.).
▪ One of the main objectives of the design of the
septic tank is to create a situation of hydraulic
Source: https://historiadelavida.editorialaces.com/tratamiento-
de-aguas-residuales/
stability within it, which allows the sedimentation
by gravity of the heavy particles.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
➢ Appropriate for rural ➢ Limited use for up to 350
communities, buildings, inhabitants.
condominiums, hospitals, etc.
➢ Also of limited use for the
➢ Cleaning is not frequent. infiltration capacity of the land
that allows to limit the
➢ It has a low cost of effluents in the soil.
construction and operation.
➢ Requires sludge disposal
➢ Minimum degree of difficulty facilities (pumps, trucks with
in operation and maintenance vacuum pumps, etc.).
if sludge removal
infrastructure is available.
 DESIGN
For the design of a septic tank the following steps are taken into account.

1. Per capita contribution of sewage and fresh mud.

2. Estimation of the daily contribution of wastewater.

3. Hydraulic retention time.

4. Sludge accumulation rate in the tank [K].
5. Calculation of septic tank volume [V].

6. Calculation of dimensions of the first tank.

7. Calculation of dimensions of the second tank
 PARAMETERS
CONTRIBUTION OF WASTEWATER PER PERSON.
 PARAMETERS
Retention times :
1. The hydraulic retention time must be between 12 to 24 hours.
 PARAMETERS
Values of accumulated digested sludge
 PARAMETERS

48.95 m³

Useful Depth.
-The length - width ratio of the tank will be at least 2: 1 and maximum 5: 1.
-The well must consist of at least two chambers; The volume of the first chamber
should be equal to 2/3 of the total volume.
 IMHOFF TANKS
▪ Imhoff tanks have a very
simple operation and do not
require mechanical parts;
however, for its specific use it
is necessary that the
wastewater go through the
preliminary treatment
processes of screening and
sand removal.

Source:
http://blogdeltratamientodelaguaresidual.blogspot.com/2018/08/di
seno-de-tanques-imhoff-y-pozas.html
 LATRINES
▪ It is an appropriate and
hygienic system, where
the human droppings that
help prevent
contamination of the
environment and a
conservative of the
population's health.

Source:
http://blogdeltratamientodelaguaresidual.blogspot.com/2018/0
8/diseno-de-tanques-imhoff-y-pozas.html
 TYPES OF LATRINES
▪ Dry hole: is recommended in places with low population density
▪ Fertilizer latrine: transform solid feces into fertilizer or improved soil
▪ Hydraulic closing latrine: It is recommended in places where water
availability is not a problem, the water table is deep and the soil filtration is
medium.

Source: http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/material_educativo/coordinadores/letrinas.pdf
 EXAMPLE OF A SEPTIC TANK
▪ Location: Peru - Trujillo – Agroindustrial Services Company

Percolator well

Septic tank and percolator tank

Liquids downpipe

Flooring - Constructive phase

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9uHnmvwBkA
 EXERCISE

▪ Design a septic tank which

meets the requested
requirements and DATA
regulations.
Population upper Class
1. Permanent upper class
residential population. Cleaning interval 1 Year

2. Cleaning interval 1 year. Contributors to the system (N) 350

3. Population contributing to Room temperature 24 °C
the system 350 inhabitants.
Ambient Temperature range t > 20°C
4. Average ambient
temperature 24 ° C
1. Per capita contribution of sewage and fresh mud:

Per capita contribution of wastewater [C] 160 L / Hab * day

Frequent sludge per capita contribution [Ld] 1 L / hab * day
2. Estimation of the daily contribution of wastewater:

Q = N [hab] * C [L / hab * day]

Q= 350 Habitants *160 L/hab*day
Q = 56000 L / day

3. Hydraulic retention time (must be between 12 to 24 hours)

Holding time
Days Hours
0.5 12
 4. Sludge accumulation rate in the tank [K]:
Accumulation Rate [K] = 57

5. Calculation of septic tank volume [Vu]=

Vu= 1000 +350 Hab (160 L/hab*day * 0.5 day + 57 *1 L/hab*day)

Vu= 48950 L
Vu= 48.95 m³
6. Calculation of dimensions of the first tank
For the first tank you must have 2/3 of the total volume like this:
Vu= 48.95 m³
Vu1= 48.95 m³ * (2/3)= 32.63 m³
Useful volume m³ Useful Depth
min max
mas de 10
1.8 2.8

Assumed Depth of Interval = 2.5 m

Rectangular Tank Volume Tank Area

Volume = Area * Depth A= 13.05 m2

Long / Wide Ratio (from 2 to 5) 5 Long / Wide Ratio 4.9

Tank length 8.08 m Tank length 8.10 m
Tank width 1.62 m Tank width 1.65 m
First tank volume check 32.63 m3 First tank volume check 33.4 m³
7. Calculation of dimensions of the second tank:
For the second tank you must have 1/3 of the total volume like this:
Vu= 48.95 m³
Vu1= 48.95 m³ * (1/3)=16.32 m³
Useful volume m³ Useful Depth
min max
mas de 10
1.8 2.8

Assumed Depth of Interval = 2.5 m

Rectangular Tank Volume Tank Area

Volume = Area * Depth A= 6.53 m2

Long / Wide Ratio (from 2 to 5) 5 Long / Wide Ratio (from 2 to 5) 4.95

Tank length 5.71 m Tank length 5.7 m
Tank width 1.14 m Tank width 1.15 m
Second tank volume check 16.32 m3 Second Tank volume check 16.38 m³
 Long / Wide Ratio 4.7 Long / Wide Ratio 4.75

Tank length 8.10 m Tank length 5.7 m

Tank width 1.65 m Tank width 1.15 m
First tank volume check 33.4 m³ Second Tank volume check 16.38 m³

Check Final check

Tank Volume 1 Tank Volume 2 Tank Volume 1 Tank Volume 2
32.63 m³ 16.32 m³ 33.4 m³ 16.38 m
Total System Volume Total System Volume
48.95 m³ 49.8 m³
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
▪ http://www.minvivienda.gov.co/Documents/ViceministerioAgua/010710_ras_titulo_e_.
pdf
▪ http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacg/guialcalde/2sas/d24/053_Dise%C3%B1o_tanques_
s%C3%A9pticos_Imhoff_lag/Dise%C3%B1o_tanques_s%C3%A9pticos_Imhoff_laguna
s_estabilizaci%C3%B3n.pdf
▪ http://www.digesa.minsa.gob.pe/material_educativo/coordinadores/letrinas.pdf