In Young's writing, code-switching is the changing from your standard language to a

different dialect. Young talks about code-switching as very restrictive that affects language and
causes reluctance. She states that code-meshing "does not require students to 'hold back their
Englishes' but permits them to bring them more forcefully and strategically forward" (Young
159). Code-meshing is more advocated because it allows people to speak and write freely.
Young feels that code-switching is out of sync with our world today, especially, with the goals
that we as a nation are trying to achieve. Young uses a political example to express how code-
switching has a negative impact, and code-meshing encourages and achieves more. During the
2016 electoral campaign, both Clinton and Obama used code-switching, which impacted their
campaigns negatively because it fortifies languages barriers and how they are viewed (Young
163). Overall, Young states that code-meshing is the best option in the world today to
accommodate everyone and their thoughts around the globe.
The notion of language difference is described as that people shouldn't assume that others
will understand the same things as them and that everyone may have different dialects. Matsuda
used the term 'myth of linguistic homogeneity," which is that there is only one proper way of
speaking English that even educators assume as well that their students automatically
understand. However, people come from different backgrounds, and in the world today, "the
audience for writing is becoming increasingly multilingual and multinational" (Matsuda 69).
Therefore, this makes it more critical for people to have the awareness that there are varieties of
language people may use, and it may not be the same as you, that we need to understand
language diversity as it is constantly changing.
Yandra applied the notion of language to her research by explaining the personal benefits
that involve code-meshing. Yandra explains that there is a surplus of information exchange, and
not everything can be remembered. She explains using her own experience that she "made notes
only for myself and made them in such a manner that only I could understand" (Yandra xxxii).
She used code-meshing to make it easier to understand and faster to do her notes while retaining
the knowledge of her culture. However, she recognizes that other people may not understand her
way of writing; therefore, she won't write like that when it comes to others reading her
work. Also, Martinez applies the notion of language to her research and story when she was on
the phone with her mom, explaining what happened at school using code-meshing. She used
code-meshing while talking because it's apart of her dialect to get across how she feels in the
moment of distress she is experiencing. Martinez is of Mexican background but her professors
assume otherwise. They assume she is of a different culture and her choice of not speaking
means she doesn't comprehend the material. However, Martinez states to her mother, " it’s all
about assumptions in this program. No one bothers to ask me anything; they all just assume to
know things about me” (Martinez 72). This simple statement explains the notion of language that
people shouldn't always expect someone to understand what they do. Martinez used her story to
bring to the light a problem that is apart of learning, writing, speaking, and general awareness
today.