Introduction

• Group Members
Tariq Sultan
Waseem Abdullah
Tanveer Rafaqat
Noor-ul- Hassan
Writing
by Tariq Sultan
History of writing
by Waseem
Technical Writing
by Tanveer

Difference b/w technical writing and

creative writing
by Noor-ul-Hassan
By Tariq Sultan
By Tariq Sultan
 WRITING
The way that you use written words to express
your ideas
Oldest forms of communication
Best methods to communicate

Effective Writing Skills

 The Writing Process

Planning
Writing
Quality Control

Effective Writing Skills

 Questions a writer asks
• How do I begin?
• What is my purpose?
• How do I make my point clear?
• How do I say what I mean?
 Advantages of writing
Physical Record
Easy Presentation of Complex Matter
Use as a Reference
Easy to Verify
Easy to Understand
Store record for future
 Disadvantages of Writing
Take time
More Expensive
Complex Words
Lack of Direct Relation
Difficult to Change
 A history of
writing
 Who invented the first systems of
writing?

 How did they look like?

 How have they changed over time?

1. Earliest writing – In Sumer
The Sumerians were the first people to inhabit
the area of Iraq, over 6,000 years ago.
They made great progress with writing.
 The first writing was pictographic.

 The Sumerians drew pictures.

 They kept records of taxes.

 They wrote down laws.

.
 2. Earliest writing - Egypt
At around the same time as the Egyptians also
developed their own system of writing,
“Hieroglyphics”.

The Egyptians didn’t write on clay tablets but used

papyrus (an ancient paper made from the papyrus grass
plant).

Papyrus paper - rolled into

scrolls.
Other ancient writing systems
CHINA
 3,500 years ago.

 Pictogram and their purpose.

MEXICO
 2,700 years ago.
 syllabic writing.
Today.. Pictures still
important
Modern-day Pictograms
What are ‘emoticons’?
Why were they created?
Writing – still developing
Technical Writing
What is technical writing ?

Technical writing is the “art and science

of making complex technical
information accessible, usable, and
relevant to a variety of audiences in a
variety of settings.”
Tips for Technical writing
 Tip 1: Identify your goals

• Understand the type of technical report you are

writing.

• Write down your specific aim.

 Tip 2: Know your audience

• Match your content to your readers knowledge.

• Define your terms.
– computer terminology fluid.
– if many terms need definition, use a glossary.
 Tip 3: Structure well

• Make use of headings and sub-headings, with a

consistent numbering scheme.
• Use textual highlighting for emphasis (italics,
underlining, boldface).
 Tip 4: Clarify and Illustrate

• Use examples
• Use illustrations, diagrams
• Use flowcharts, graphs, tables.
 Tip 5: Use Active Voice
Passive verbs :
• longwinded
• complex
• dull
Active verbs :
• simple
• clear
• precise
 Characteristics of Technical Writing

• Clear
• Accurate
• Correct
• Comprehensive
• Concise
• Accessible
Difference between technical
writing and academic writing.
•Purpose

•Format

•Language
 Purpose
Academic Writing Technical Writing

Entertain Inform
Persuade Persuade
inform • Research

No Definite purpose Definite Purpose

• Poem Supervisor: Order a report

• Story
Employee: Write a report
Definite purpose
• Needed
• Article
• Book • Read for Information
• Assignment
 Format
Academic Writing Technical Writing
Paragraphs Major Headings
• Topic Sentences Sub Headers
Markers
Pictures • Bullets
• Underline
• Bold type
White Space

Illustrations
• Graphs
• Tables
• Pictures
• drawings
 Language

Academic Writing Technical Writing

• Words • Words
• Elaborate • Active vocabulary
• Transitions • Plain
• Subjective • Easily understood
• Cogitative • Objective

Sentence Structure Sentence Structure

Communication structure:
Shape of composition
Academic Writing Technical Writing

Communication Communication
Triangle Rectangle
Thank you