Fluid Statics

Accelerated fluid masses

Lecture 10
 Acceleration of liquid bodies

„ Assume the element shown moving with an acceleration as

„ A li N
Appling Newton's
t ' law
l
p . dA
ds z
dA

⎛ ∂ p ⎞ γ dAds
⎜ p + ds ⎟ dA
⎝ ∂ s ⎠ ds
θ dz
as
s
⎛ ∂p ⎞ γ
p dA − ⎜ p + ds ⎟dA + γ dA ds cos θ = dA ds as
⎝ ∂s ⎠ g
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)

∂p γ
− + γ cos θ = a s
∂s g p.dA
z
ds
∂p ⎛ dz ⎞ γ
− + γ ⎜ − ⎟ = as dA
∂s ⎝ ds ⎠ g
⎛ ∂p ⎞ γ dAds
dAd
⎜p+ ds ⎟ dA
⎛ 1 ∂ p dz ⎞ a s ⎝ ∂s ⎠
ds
− ⎜⎜ × + ⎟⎟ =
⎝ γ ∂ s ds ⎠ g θ dz
as
∂ ⎛ p ⎞ as s
⎜⎜ + z ⎟⎟ = −
∂s⎝ γ ⎠ g
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)

p
is called pressure head [ L ]
γ
z is called elevation head [ L ]
p
+ z = h which is called piezometric head
γ
∂h as
=−
∂s g

⎛p ⎞
in statics Æ as = 0.0 ∂ ⎜⎜ + z ⎟⎟ p
⎝γ ⎠ = 0. 0 → + z = Constant
γ
∂s
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)

I- Vertical acceleration of an open tank of liquid at the rate az

∂h az
=−
∂z g
∂ ⎛p ⎞ az
⎜⎜ + z ⎟⎟ = −
∂z⎝γ ⎠ g

by integration
p az
+z=− z
γ g
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)
z
p=0 h=z
p ⎛ az ⎞ p =γ h
= −⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ z
γ ⎝ g ⎠ h az
p =c h=c
h = -z
p ⎛ az ⎞
= ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ h
γ ⎝ g⎠ ⎛ a ⎞
⎛ az ⎞ p = γ h ⎜⎜1 − z ⎟⎟
p = γ h ⎜⎜ 1 + ⎟⎟ ⎝ g⎠
⎝ g ⎠
⎛ a ⎞
p = γ h ⎜⎜1 + z ⎟⎟ p =γ h
⎝ g ⎠

Acceleration in +z Deceleration in +z
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)

II-Horizontal acceleration of an open tank of liquid

at the rate ax

∂ ⎛p ⎞ ax
⎜⎜ + z ⎟⎟ = −
∂ x⎝γ ⎠ g

att liliquid
id surface
f p = 0.0
00
∂z ax
=−
∂x g
ax
tan θ = −
g
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)

Lines of equal pressure

p=0 h= z p =0

h1 ax
h2
p=γ h1 p =γ h 2
 Acceleration of liquid bodies (cont.)
(cont )

If the tank is closed

If ax is
i increased
i d the
th slope
l off the
th liquid
li id surface
f is
i
increased but the space volume is constant

a e b
volume abcd
d c = volume efcb