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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Culture and Sustainable Development in the Pacific

Throughout the South Pacific, notions of ‘culture’ and ‘development’ are very much
alive—in political debate, the media, sermons, and endless discussions amongst
villagers and the urban élites, even in policy reports. Often the terms are
counterposed, and development along with ‘economic rationality’, ‘good governance’
and ‘progress’ is set against culture or ‘custom’, ‘tradition’ and ‘identity’. The decay
of custom and impoverishment of culture are often seen as wrought by development,
while failures of development are haunted by the notion that they are due, somehow,
to the darker, irrational influences of culture. The problem is to resolve the
contradictions between them so as to achieve the greater good—access to material
goods, welfare and amenities, ‘modern life’—without the sacrifice of the ‘traditional’
values and institutions that provide material security and sustain diverse social
identities.

Citation: Engelhardt, Richard A. “Culturally and Ecologically Sustainable Tourism


Development through Local Community Management.” Culture and Sustainable
Development in the Pacific, edited by Antony Hooper, ANU Press, 2005, pp. 174–
186. JSTOR,

2. Tourists in Historic town


Tourists in Historic Towns examines the relationship of culture, heritage,
conservation and tourism development in historic towns and urban centres, debating
the impacts of tourism on historic towns and the role tourism plays in conservation
and urban continuity. The main focus of the book is medium sized historic towns and
historic quarters which are attractive to the tourist market, but historic quarters in
large cities and smaller rural settlements are not excluded. Alongside over a hundred
examples of historic towns, five historic towns are discussed as case studies: Granada,
Spain; York, England; Mdina, Malta; Antalya, Turkey and Quedlingburg, Germany.

Citation: Aylin Orbasli, Taylor & Francis, 11 Sep 2002 - Architecture


3. Understanding Tourist Movement Patterns in a Destination: A GIS Approach

This paper presents preliminary findings of research examining the movement


patterns of tourists within a destination. The study focuses on fully independent
individual travellers visiting Hong Kong. Little research has been conducted looking
at movements within a destination. Macro or inter-destination movement patterns may
inform intra-destination movements. Factors affecting tourists' choices of itineraries
give reasons to support the shaping of the patterns. These factors include human
factors (type of individual, travel party, motivations, etc), physical factors (destination
geomorphology), trip factors (main or secondary destination, first-time or repeat
visitor, etc) and the time factor (length of stay in destination, total trip duration).
Geographic Information System is used for documenting spatial—temporal
movements of tourists through mapping.

Citation: Lau, Gigi, and Bob McKercher. “Understanding Tourist Movement Patterns
in a Destination: A GIS Approach.” Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 7, no. 1,
2006, pp. 39–49.

4. Image as a Factor in Tourism Development


This article discusses a research project which was designed to examine the
phenomenon of image as it may relate to tourism. The project was pilot in nature.
More sophisticated and extensive research is needed to understand the influence of
image and perception upon tourism development.

Citation: Hunt, J. D. (1975). Image as a Factor in Tourism Development. Journal of


Travel Research, 13(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728757501300301

5. SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia


is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in
Southeast Asia. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view
to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region.
Citation: King, Victor T. “Encounters and Mobilities: Conceptual Issues in Tourism
Studies in Southeast Asia.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, vol.
30, no. 2, 2015, pp. 497–527.

6. The Politics of Tourism in Asia


Tourism, the world's largest industry, has created a variety of complex political
problems, particularly in those countries where the primary attraction of tourism is its
potential for accelerating development. The political dimensions that have encouraged
tourism in the People's Republic of China, the Philippines, Thailand, India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan are examined in Linda K.
Richter's study, which is based on more than 250 interviews with government
officials, travel industry representatives, and media officials.

Richter concentrates on the reasons for using tourism to advance government policy
objectives and on the many ways political and economic problems can frustrate
tourism's contribution to national development. All too often, after the expensive
infrastructure is developed, luxury goods imported, and lavish promotional efforts
expended, nations are left disillusioned with the economic promise of tourism.
Disappointing results are often complicated by a preoccupation with the lure of
tourism and an underestimation of the industry's needs and of the political pressures
of and on government officials. Encouraging an awareness of the political aspects of
tourism, the author advocates greater involvement by social and political scientists in
monitoring tourism policy, as well as a restructuring and redesigning of programs in
this largest sector of international trade.

Citation: “Exploring Alternative Strategies for Tourism Development: Is There a


Better Way?” The Politics of Tourism in Asia, by Linda K. Richter, University of
Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 1989, pp. 203–238

7. Novelty: A mechanism of tourist’s enjoyment


Novelty, conceptualized as the experience of something new and different
from the everyday, is widely believed to be what defines tourism experiences and
makes them enjoyable. The present study tests the mediating effect of novelty on
positive emotions in two longitudinal data sets based on daily psychometric diaries.
Findings show that the effect of tourism experience on positive emotions is indeed
partly mediated by novelty. The mediation effect is similar for average positive
emotions as well as for the emotion of interest, suggesting that novelty sparks positive
emotions through goal congruence more than by directly triggering interest. Findings
affirm that novelty is indeed fundamental and enjoyable in the tourism experience.

Citation: Ondrej Mitas and Marcel Bastiaansen, Annals of Tourism Research, 2018,
vol. 72, issue C, 98-108

8. A Framework of Tourist Attraction Research


Although tourist attractions are fundamental to the very existence of tourism, there
have been few attempts to come to terms with the breadth of approaches that have
been employed in their study. An examination of research methods used in the study
of tourist attractions and the tourist attractiveness of places reveals that most studies
can be classified into one or more of three general perspectives: the ideographic
listing, the organization, and the tourist cognition of attractions.

Citation: Lew, Northern Arizona University, Annals of Tourism Research

Publication Date: Dec 31, 1987

9. Destination marketing and image repair during tourism crises: The Case of
Egypt
Egypt – a “must see” destination for generations of visitors - is considered to
be one of the strongest tourism brands in the Middle East and tourism remains its
dominant industry, accounting for 20% of its annual GDP. Over the past decades the
country has suffered many crises such as wars, terrorist attacks, internal political
tensions and violent changes in government. As can be expected, all of these were
reported in the international media and had a negative effect on the flow of tourism
into the country. By adopting the “multi-step model for altering place image,” this
study includes qualitative content analysis of news reports, press interviews and
relevant elements of advertising campaigns in order to uncover media policy,
strategies, events and marketing initiatives used by Egyptian marketers and officials
in order to restore a positive image of their country and bring back tourists after
crises. The analysis shows that three types of strategies were used by Egyptian
marketers to repair the country's image: source, message and audience; and a variety
of other steps were also adopted.

Citation: Avraham, Eli. “Destination Marketing and Image Repair during Tourism
Crises: The Case of Egypt.” Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol.
28, 2016, pp. 41–48., doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.04.004.

10. Marketing for Tourism Hospitality: Collaboration, Technology and Experiences


The marketing landscape has changed dramatically in recent years, especially
for tourism and hospitality practitioners. Marketing for these industries is now a
multi-dimensional, collaborative venture driven by technological change and the
growing demand for authentic co-created experiences. Marketing for Tourism and
Hospitality provides students with a contemporary, accessible and useful resource as
they prepare to encounter the complexities and challenges of tourism and hospitality
marketing globally. A clear articulation of the changing landscape, a comprehensive
introduction to the three underpinning themes of collaboration, technology and
experiences, and a plentiful supply of international case material provide students
with an enjoyable and digestible resource that is both academically rigorous and
practice-oriented, helping them prepare for day-to-day problems in the dynamic world
of marketing. This contemporary, challenging and highly applied text is an
indispensable resource for all students of tourism and hospitality degree programmes.

Citation: Wang, Youcheng, et al. Marketing for Tourism and Hospitality:


Collaboration, Technology and Experiences. Routledge, 2019.

11. Conversations: Values of Literacy History


History is a marginalized research genre among literacy professionals. Conference
programs, book chapters, journal articles, and teacher education courses of study
devoted to literacy contain little historical research. Unlike many diciplines, literacy
education researchers have positioned history on the fringes. In this journal article, the
authors share their thoughts about this situation.

Citation: David W. Moore, E. Jennifer Monaghan and Douglas K. Hartman


Reading Research Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb. - Mar., 1997)

12. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods


This book is designed to appeal to undergraduate and graduate students,
practitioners, researchers, consultants, and consumers of information across the social
sciences, humanities, and health sciences, making it a welcome addition to any
academic or public library.

Citation: Given, Lisa M. The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods.


SAGE, 2008.

13. Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach


Introduction to research -- Scientific investigation -- The research process:
steps 1 to 3: the broad problem area, preliminary data gathering, problem definition --
The research process: steps 4 and 5: theoretical framework hypothesis development --
The research process: step 6: elements of research design -- Experimental designs --
Measurement of variables: operational definition and scales -- Measurement: scaling,
reliability, validity -- Data collection methods -- Sampling -- Data analysis and
interpretation -- The research report -- Managerial decision making and research

Citation: Sekaran, Uma. (2003). Research methods for business : a skill business
approach.

14. Cultural Mapping Project of the Heritage City of Vigan


The issue of Heritage and development has been a constant bone of contention
for developing economies like the Philippines. Often, the Question “Heritage?
Makakin ba yan?” is sarcastically asked to heritage conservationists. This artile talks
about the cultural mapping project of Vigan city as well as the process and guidelines
that the city follows for proper implementation of heritage conservation.

Citation: E. Zerrudo, University of Santo Tomas and Vigan City Government, 2007.
Mapping the Past, Charting the Future. The Exhibition of the Cultural Mapping
Project of the Heritage City of Vigan. University of Santo Tomas Museum of Arts
and Sciences, Manila
Title Page………………………………………………………………….……………... i
Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………………………..ii
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………….iii
Chapters

I. The Problem
a. Introduction …………………………………………………………….
b. Background and Nature of the Project ………………………………….
c. Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………….
d. Project Goals and Objectives …………………………………………...
e. Significance of the Project ……………………………………………..
f. Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………
g. Scope and Limitations …………………………………………………

II. Review of Related Literature and Studies


a. Review of Literature …………………………………………………..

III. Methodology of Research


a. Research Design
b. Data Gathering Methods and Techniques
c. Data Processing

IV. Case Studies


a. Case study 1
b. Case study 2
c. Case study 3
d. Case study 4
e. Conclusions

V. Analysis of the Results of Questionnaires


a. Analysis 1
b. Analysis 2
c. Analysis 3
VI. Synopsis
VII. Conclusions
a. Policy Recommendations
b. Suggestions for Future Research

Bibliography
Appendices

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