ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND METALLURGY

Objective type questions

UNIT I

1.The hardness is the property of a material due to which it

can be drawn into wires

can cut another metal

breaks with little permanent distortion

4 can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets

2.A material is said to be allotropic, if it has

atoms distributed in random pattern

any one of the above

different crystal structures at different temperatures

fixed structure at all temperatures

3. An eutectoid steel consists of

wholly austenite

pearlite and cementite

wholly pearlite

pearlite and ferrite

4. Smelting is the process of

expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns

all of the above

removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water

reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux

5. Which of the following material has maximum ductility?

Mild steel

Nickel

Copper

Aluminium
6. Closed packed hexagonal space lattice is found in

gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel

zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth

alpha-iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum

none of the above

7. The percentage of carbon in cast iron varies from

0.5 to 1

0.1 to 0.5

1 to 1.7

1.7 to 4.5

8. The ability of a material to absorb energy in the plastic range is called

creep

fatigue strength

toughness

resilience

9. Specify the sequence correctly

Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief

Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth

Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation

Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation

10. Cast iron is a

ductile material

brittle material

malleable material

tough material

11.The unit cells

all of the above

may be defined as the smallest parallelopiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
 contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal

have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel

12. Cast iron is manufactured in

open hearth furnace

blast furnace

cupola

bessemer converter

13. Iron-carbon alloys containing 1.7 to 4.3% carbon are known as

eutectic cast irons

hypo-eutectic cast irons

none of these

hyper-eutectic cast irons

13.Haematite iron ore contains iron about

1. 70%

2. 45%

3. 30%

4. 55%

14. Crystal structure of a material is, generally, examined by

1. metallurgical microscope

2. naked eye

3. X-ray techniques

4. optical microscope

15. The hardness of steel increases if it contains

1. pearlite

2. ferrite

3. martensite

4. cementite

16. Free carbon in iron makes the metal

 1. soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

2. soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure

3. hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure

4. hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

17. The material in which the atoms are arranged regularly in some directions but not in others, is called

1. amorphous material

2. none of these

3. mesomorphous material

4. crystalline material

18. The lower critical temperature

1. decreases as the carbon content in steel increases.

2. increases as the carbon content in steel increases

3. is same for all steels

4. depends upon the rate of heating

19. Iron ore is, usually, found in the form of

1. all of these

2. carbonates

3. oxides

4. sulphides

20. Which of the following process of steel making is in operation at Tata Iron and Steel Works, Jamshedpur?

1. Electric process

2. Bessemer process

3. Open hearth process

4. Duplex process

21.The lower critical point for all steels is

1. 600°C

2. 723°C

3. 700°C

4. 913°C
22. The temperature point at which the change starts on heating the steel is called

1. upper critical point

2. lower critical point

3. point of decalescence

4. point of recalescence

23. The malleability is the property of a material by virtue of which a material

1. can be drawn into wires with the application of a tensile force

2. retains the deformation produced under load permanently

3. regains its shape and size after the removal of external forces

4. can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets

24. A steel is heated at about 875° C where the structure consists of entirely austenite. It is then cooled suddenly at a temperature
of about 250° C to 525° C. This process of heat treatment is known as

1. normalising

2. austempering

3. annealing

4. martempering

25. Which of the following is a mesomorphous material?

1. Silver

2. Mica

3. Brass

4. Lead

26. Steel containing 0.8 to 1.5% carbon, is known as

1. dead mild steel

2. mild steel

3. high carbon steel

4. medium carbon steel

27.The property of a material necessary for forgings, in stamping images on coins and in ornamental work, is

1. elasticity

2. plasticity
 3. ductility

4. malleability

28. The fuel used in a blast furnace is

1. coal

2. producer gas

3. coke

4. wood

29. Which of the following is a point imperfection?

1. Interstitial imperfection

2. Vacancy

3. all of these

4. Frenkel imperfection

30. In a face centred cubic space lattice, there are

1. none of the above

2. fourteen atoms out of which eight atoms are located at the corners of the cube and six atoms at the centres of six faces

3. nine atoms out of which eight atoms are located at the corners of the cube and one atom at its centre

4. seventeen atoms out of which twelve atoms are located at the twelve corners of the hexagonal prism, one atom at the centre of each of
the two hexagonal faces and three atoms are symmetrically arranged in the body of the cell

31. The iron ore mostly used for the production of pig iron is

1. limonite

2. magnetite

3. siderite

4. haematite

32. A steel with 0.8% carbon and 100% pearlite is called

1. hyper-eutectoid steel

2. eutectoid steel

3. hypo-eutectoid steel

4. none of these

33. Which one of the following sets of constituents is expected in equilibrium cooling of a hyper-eutectoid steel from austenitic
state?
 1. Cementite and martensite

2. Ferrite and pearlite

3. Ferrite and bainite

4. Cementite and pearlite

34. In a unit cell of a body centred cubic space lattice, there are __________ atoms.

1. nine

2. ten

3. six

4. fourteen

35. Cast iron has

1. good casting characteristic

2. excellent machinability

3. high compressive strength

4. all of these

36. The ductility is the property of a material due to which it

1. breaks with little permanent distortion

2. can be drawn into wires

3. can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets

4. can resist fracture due to high impact loads

37. Micro-structure of a material is, generally, examined by

1. none of these

2. optical microscope

3. X-ray techniques

4. naked eye

38. The product from blast furnace is called

(A) Cast Iron

(B) Wrought Iron

(C) Pig Iron

(D) Steel

39-Eutectic reaction for iron- carbon system occurs at

 (A) 600° C

(B) 723° C

(C) 1147° C

(D) 1490° C

40-The crystal structure of α iron is

(A) Simple Cubic

(B) Face centered cubic

(C) Body centered cubic

(D) Close packed hexagonal

41-A peritectic reaction is defined as

(A) two solids reacting to form a liquid

(B) two solids reacting not to form a liquid

(C) a liquid and solid reacting to form another solid

(D) two solids reacting to form a third solid

42-The structures which have the highest packing of atoms are

(A) hexagonal close packed lattice

(B) body central cubic lattice

(C) simple cubic lattice

(D) none of the above

43-Metal with hexagonal close packed structure is

(A) silver

(B) Iron

(C) Magnesium

(D) Aluminium

44-Eutectoid product in Fe-C system is called

(A) Pearlite

(B) Bainite

(C) Ledeburite

(D) Spheroidite

45. Amorphous material is one

(A) In which atoms align themselves in a geometric pattern upon solidification

(B) In which there is no definite atomic structure and atoms exist in a random pattern just as in a liquid

(C) Which is not attacked by phosphorous

(D) Which emits fumes on melting

46.Brass (alloy of copper and zinc) is an example of

(A) Substitutional solid solution

 (B) Interstitial solid solution

(C) Intermetallic compounds

(D) All of the above

48.In process annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is

(A) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air

(B) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

(C) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace

(D) Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
49.Iron-carbon alloys containing carbon ________ 4.3% are known as hyper-eutectic cast irons.

(A) Equal to

(B) Less than

(C) More than

(D) None of these

50.For a steel containing 0.8% carbon

(A) There is no critical point

(B) There is only one critical point

(C) There are two critical points

(D) There can be any number of critical points

51.Body centered cubic space lattice is found in

(A) Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth

(B) Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel

(C) Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum

(D) None of the above

52.The bond formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another is called

(A) Ionic bond

(B) Covalent bond

(C) Metallic bond

(D) None of these

53. Which of the following iron exist between 910°C and 1403°C?

(A) α-iron

(B) β-iron

(C) γ-iron
 (D) δ-iron
54. The temperature at which ferromagnetic alpha iron transforms to paramagnetic alpha iron is

(A) 770°C

(B) 910°C

(C) 1050°C

(D) Below recrystallization temperature

55. The ratio of the volume occupied by the atoms to the total volume of the unit cell is called

(A) Coordination number

(B) Atomic packing factor

(C) Space lattice

(D) None of these

56. Dislocations in materials refer to the following type of defect

(A) Point defect

(B) Line defect

(C) Plane defect

(D) Volumetric defect

57. The toughness of a material __________ when it is heated.

(A) Remain same

(B) Decreases

(C) Increases

(D) None of these

58. The material in which the atoms are arranged chaotically, is called

(A) Amorphous material

(B) Mesomorphous material

(C) Crystalline material

(D) None of these

59. A reversible change in the atomic structure of steel with corresponding change in the properties is known as

(A) Molecular change

(B) Physical change

(C) Allotropic change

 (D) Solidus change
60. An eutectoid steel consists of

(A) Wholly pearlite

(B) Wholly austenite

(C) Pearlite and ferrite

(D) Pearlite and cementite

61. Ductility of a material can be defined as

(A) Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression

(B) Ability to recover its original form

(C) Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension

(D) All of the above

62. Which of the following property is desirable in parts subjected to shock and impact loads?

(A) Strength

(B) Stiffness

(C) Brittleness

(D) Toughness
63. There are fourteen atoms in a unit cell of

(A) Body centered cubic space lattice

(B) Face centered cubic space lattice

(C) Close packed hexagonal space lattice

(D) None of these

64. A specimen of aluminium metal when observed under microscope shows

(A) B.C.C. crystalline structure

(B) F.C.C. crystal structure

(C) H.C.P. structure

(D) A complex cubic structure

65. The defect which takes place due to imperfect packing of atoms during crystallization is known as

(A) Line defect

(B) Surface defect

 (C) Point defect

(D) None of these

66. Gamma-iron occurs between the temperature ranges of

(A) 400°C to 600°C

(B) 600°C to 900°C

(C) 900°C to 1400°C

(D) 1400°C to 1530°C

67. The property of a material which enables it to retain the deformation permanently, is called

(A) Brittleness

(B) Ductility

(C) Malleability

(D) Plasticity
68. The ability of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads, is called

(A) Strength

(B) Stiffness

(C) Toughness

(D) Brittleness
69. Which of the following represents the allotropic forms of iron?

(A) Alpha iron, beta iron and gamma iron

(B) Alpha iron and beta iron

(C) Body centered cubic iron and face centered cubic iron

(D) Alpha iron, gamma from and delta iron

70. Which of the following property is desirable for materials used in tools and machines?

(A) Elasticity

(B) Plasticity

(C) Ductility

(D) Malleability
71. Points of arrest for iron correspond to

(A) Stages at which allotropic forms change

(B) Stages at which further heating does not increase temperature for some time
 (C) Stages at which properties do not change with increase in temperature

(D) There is nothing like points of arrest

72. Age-hardening is related with

(A) Stainless steel

(B) Gun metal

(C) German silver

(D) Duralumin
73. Maximum percentage of carbon in austenite is

(A) 0.025%

(B) 0.26%

(C) 0.8%

(D) 1.7%
74. Ferromagnetic alpha iron exists in temperature range of

(A) Below 723°C

(B) 770 to 910°C

(C) 910 to 1440°C

(D) 1400 to 1539°C

75. A material is said to be allotropic, if it has

(A) Fixed structure at all temperatures

(B) Atoms distributed in random pattern

(C) Different crystal structures at different temperatures

(D) Any one of the above

76. Delta-iron occurs between the temperature ranges of

(A) 400°C to 600°C

(B) 600°C to 900°C

(C) 900°C to 1400°C

(D) 1400°C to 1530°C

77. Neutral solution is one which has pH value

(A) Greater than 7

(B) Less than 7

(C) Equal to 7
 (D) pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
78. The coordination number of a face centered cubic space lattice is

(A) Six

(B) Twelve

(C) Eighteen

(D) Twenty
79. Malleability of a material can be defined as

(A) Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression

(B) Ability to recover its original form

(C) Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension

(D) All of the above

80. When low carbon steel is heated up to lower critical temperature

(A) There is no change in grain size

(B) The average grain size is a minimum

(C) The grain size increases very rapidly

(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
81. The stiffness is the ability of a material to resist

(A) Deformation under stress

(B) Fracture due to high impact loads

(C) Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding

(D) None of the above

82. The ability of a material to resist softening at high temperature is known as

(A) Creep

(B) Hot tempering

(C) Hot hardness

(D) Fatigue
83. Slow plastic deformation of metals under a constant stress is known as

(A) Creep

(B) Fatigue

(C) Endurance
 (D) Plastic deformation
84. Isotropic materials are those which have the same

(A) Elastic properties in all directions

(B) Stresses induced in all directions

(C) Thermal properties in all directions

(D) Electric and magnetic properties in all directions

85. Recrystallization temperature is one

(A) At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled

(B) At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated

(C) At which change of allotropic form takes place

(D) At which crystals grow bigger in size

86. The property of a material essential for spring materials is

(A) Stiffness

(B) Ductility

(C) Resilience

(D) Plasticity
87. Which of the following is an amorphous material?

(A) Mica

(B) Silver

(C) Lead

(D) Glass
88. The following types of materials are usually the most ductile

(A) Face centered cubic lattice

(B) Body centered cubic lattice

(C) Hexagonal close packed lattice

(D) All of the above

89. Pure iron is the structure of

(A) Ferrite

(B) Pearlite

(C) Austenite

(D) Ferrite and cementite

90. The lower critical temperature

(A) Decreases as the carbon content in steel increases

(B) Increases as the carbon content in steel increases

(C) Is same for all steels

(D) Depends upon the rate of heating

91. The crystal structure of gamma iron is

(A) Body centered cubic

(B) Face centered cubic

(C) Hexagonal close packed

(D) Cubic structure

92. Iron is

(A) Paramagnetic

(B) Ferromagnetic

(C) Ferroelectric

(D) Dielectric
93. 'Killed steels' are those steels

(A) Which are destroyed by burning

(B) Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel

(C) Which are deoxidized in the ladle with silicon and aluminium

(D) In which carbon is completely burnt

94. Maximum percentage of carbon in ferrite is

(A) 0.025%

(B) 0.06%

(C) 0.1%

(D) 0.25%
95. The property of a material due to which it breaks with little permanent distortion, is called

(A) Brittleness

(B) Ductility

(C) Malleability

(D) Plasticity
96. Eutectoid steel contains following percentage of carbon
 (A) 0.02%

(B) 0.3%

(C) 0.63%

(D) 0.8%
97. The strength is the ability of a material to resist

(A) Deformation under stress

(B) Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding

(C) Fracture due to high impact loads

(D) None of these

98. arbon in iron is an example of

(A) Substitutional solution

(B) Interstitial solid solution

(C) Intermetallic compounds

(D) All of the above

99. Melting point of iron is

(A) 1539°C

(B) 1601°C

(C) 1489°C

(D) 1712°C
100. The lower critical point for all steels is

(A) 600°C

(B) 700°C

(C) 723°C

(D) 913°C
UNIT II

1.When the steel is normalised, its

ductility decreases

yield point increases

ultimate tensile strength increases

all of these

2. In full annealing, the hypo-eutectoid steel is heated from 30° C to 50° C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

any one of these

suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

slowly in the furnace

in still air

3. The heat treatment process used for softening hardened steel is

1. carburising

2. normalising

3. annealing

4. tempering

4. Which of the following statement is wrong?

1. none of the above

2. The spheroidising process is usually applied to high carbon tool steels which are difficult to machine

3. In spheroidising process, the cementite in the granular form is produced in the structure of steel

4. The annealing process causes complete recrystallisation in steels which have been severely cold worked and a new grain structure is
formed

5. The process in which carbon and nitrogen both are absorbed by the metal surface to get it hardened is known as

1. cyaniding
 2. carburising

3. flame hardening

6. The limestone in the charge of a blast furnace decomposes to give lime and carbon dioxide. The lime thus obtained

1. acts as an iron-bearing mineral

2. controls the grade of pig iron

3. supplies heat to reduce ore and melt the iron

4. forms a slag by combining with impurities

7. The process used for relieving the internal stresses previously set up in the Metal and for increasing the machinability of steel,
is

1. full annealing

2. spheroidising

3. normalising

4. process annealing

8. Which of the following is a case hardening process?

1. Cyaniding

2. Nitriding

3. Carburising

4. all of these

9. The process which improves the machinability of steels, but lowers the hardness and tensile strength, is

1. process annealing

2. spheroidising

3. normalising

4. full annealing

10. The heat treatment process used for castings is

1. carburising

2. annealing

3. normalising

4. tempering

11-Annealing improves
 (A) Grain size

(B) Mechanical properties

(C) Electrical properties

(D) All of above

12-Steel can be hardened quickly by the process of

(A) Induction hardening

(B) Nitriding

(C) Cyaniding

(D) Carburizing

13-Materials are softened by

(A) carburising

(B) tempering

(C) normalizing

(D) annealing

14-Austempering is the heat treatment process used to obtain greater

(A) hardness

(B) toughness

(C) brittleness

(D) ductility

15.A coarse grained steel

(A) Is less tough and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment

(B) Is more ductile and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment

(C) Is less tough and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment

(D) Is more ductile and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
16. Normalising of steel is done to

(A) Refine the grain structure

(B) Remove strains caused by cold working

(C) Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working

(D) All of the above

17.The temperature required for full annealing in hypereutectoid steel is

(A) 30° C to 50° C above upper critical temperature

(B) 30° C to 50° C below upper critical temperature

(C) 30° C to 50° C above lower critical temperature

 (D) 30° C to 50° C below lower critical temperature
18.When a steel containing __________ 0.8% carbon is cooled slowly below the lower critical point, it consists of ferrite and pearlite.

(A) Equal to

(B) Less than

(C) More than

(D) None of these

19.Which of the following statement is wrong?

(A) Steel with 0.8% carbon is wholly pearlite

(B) The amount of cementite increases with the increase in percentage of carbon in iron

(C) A mechanical mixture of 87% cementite and 13% ferrite is called pearlite

(D) The cementite is identified as round particles in the structure

20. In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

(A) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air

(B) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

(C) Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace

(D) Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
21. When steel containing less than 0.8% carbon is cooled slowly from temperatures above or within the critical range, it consists of

(A) Mainly ferrite

(B) Mainly pearlite

(C) Ferrite and pearlite

(D) Pearlite and cementite

22. In spheroidising process, the steel is

(A) Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly

(B) Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air

(C) Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C

(D) None of the above

23. When medium carbon steel is heated to coarsening temperature

(A) There is no change in grain size

(B) The average grain size is a minimum

(C) The grain size increases very rapidly

(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
24. Which is false statement about annealing? Annealing is done to

(A) Relieve stresses

(B) Harden steel slightly

(C) Improve machining characteristic

(D) Soften material

25. When low carbon steel is heated up to upper critical temperature

(A) There is no change in grain size

(B) The average grain size is a minimum

(C) The grain size increases very rapidly

(D) The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
26. Pearlite consists of

(A) 13% carbon and 87% ferrite

(B) 13% cementite and 87% ferrite

(C) 13% ferrite and 87% cementite

(D) 6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron

27. Cementite consist of

(A) 13% carbon and 87% ferrite

(B) 13% cementite and 87% ferrite

(C) 13% ferrite and 87% cementite

(D) 6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron

28. Which is false statement about normalizing? Normalizing is done to

(A) Refine grain structure

(B) Reduce segregation in casting

(C) Improve mechanical properties

(D) Induce stresses

29. Recrystallization temperature can be lowered by

(A) Purification of metal

(B) Grain refinement

(C) Working at lower temperature

(D) All of the above

30. Stress relaxation is the phenomenon
 (A) In which parts are not loaded

(B) In which stress remains constant on increasing load

(C) In which deformation tends to loosen the joint and produces a stress reduced

(D) Stress reduces on increasing load

31. Hardness of lower bainite (tempered martensite) is about

(A) RC 65

(B) RC 48

(C) RC 57

(D) RC 80

32. Which of the following is not the correct method of increasing fatigue limit?

(A) Shot peening

(B) Nitriding of surface

(C) Cold working

(D) Surface decarburisation

33. In full annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled

(A) In still air

(B) Slowly in the furnace

(C) Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

(D) Any one of these

34. Materials after cold working are subjected to following process to relieve stresses

(A) Hot working

(B) Tempering

(C) Normalizing

(D) Annealing
35. Which is false statement about case hardening? Case hardening is done by

(A) Electroplating

(B) Cyaniding

(C) Induction hardening

(D) Nitriding
36. In induction hardening ________ is high.

(A) Current
 (B) Voltage

(C) Frequency

(D) Temperature
37. Which of the following statements are true for annealing of steels?

(A) Steels are heated to 500 to 700°C

(B) Cooling is done slowly and steadily

(C) Internal stresses are relieved

(D) All of these

38. Induction hardening is basically a

(A) Carburising process

(B) Surface hardening process

(C) Core hardening process

(D) None of these

39. The purpose of heat treatment is to

(A) Relieve the stresses set up in the material after hot or cold working

(B) Modify the structure of the material

(C) Change grain size

(D) Any one of these

40. When the steel is normalized, its

(A) Yield point increases

(B) Ductility decreases

(C) Ultimate tensile strength increases

(D) All of these

41. Annealing of white cast iron results in production of

(A) Malleable iron

(B) Nodular iron

(C) Spheroidal iron

(D) Grey iron

42. Quenching is not necessary when hardening is done by
 (A) Case hardening

(B) Flame hardening

(C) Nitriding

(D) Any one of these

43. Cyaniding is the process of

(A) Dipping steel in cyanide bath

(B) Reacting steel surface with cyanide salts

(C) Adding carbon and nitrogen by heat treatment of steel to increase its surface hardness

(D) Obtaining cyanide salts

44. Induction hardening is the process of

(A) Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface

(B) Heating and cooling rapidly

(C) Increasing hardness throughout

(D) Inducing hardness by continuous process

45. Process of Austempering results in

(A) Formation of bainite structure

(B) Carburised structure

(C) Martenistic structure

(D) Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure

46. Hardness of martensite is about

(A) RC 65

(B) RC 48

(C) RC 57

(D) RC 80

47. Which is false statement about tempering? Tempering is done to

(A) Improve machinability

(B) Improve ductility

(C) Improve toughness

(D) Release stresses

48. Which one of the following is not equilibrium heat treatment
(1) Austenetising
(2) Annealing
(3) Normalizing
(4) Precipitation

49. The hardenability is not affected by

(1) air
(2) chemical composition of steel
(3) critical cooling rate
(4) quenching medium and method of quenching

50. The slowest cooling rate is obtained when steel is quenched in

(1) air
(2) brine
(3) fused salt
(4) mixture of oil and water (1)

51. The fastest cooling rate is achieved when steel is quenched in

(1) air
(2) oil
(3) water
(4) brine

52. Which one of the following is not correct

(1) Martensite has a BCC structure
(2) Austenite has FCC structure
(3) Martensite is a solid solution of carbon in BCC iron
(4) The martensite which is formed during quenching is too brittle

53. Hardenability of steel is assessed by

(1) impact test
(2) Jominy end-quench test
(3) hardness test
(4) non-destructive test

54. Annealing temperature is

(1) same as normalizing temperature
(2) greater than normalizing temperature
(3) less than normalizing temperature
(4) sometimes greater and sometimes lesser than normalizing temperature

55. Heat treatment that requires heating a part below A1 temperature, i.e. between 550°C and 650° is
called as
(1) hardening
(2) normalizing
(3) process annealing
(4) full annealing

56. cracking and warping of steel during quenching operation can be avoided by

1) Spinning

2) Interrupted quenching

3) Rolling

4)cannot be avoided

57. Pearlite formation results in

1) Hard structure

2) Soft structure

3) Liquid

4) None of these

58. Moh’s scale is used to determine the hardness of

1) Metal

2) Concrete

3) Rock and mineral

4) None of these

59. The rate at which metal is cooled depends on

1) Type of metal only

2) Type of coolant only

3) Type of both coolant and metal

4) None of these

60. Cooling has the effect of --------- mixture of austenite, cementite and ferrite

1) Melting

2) Freezing

3) Drying

4) None of these

61. Which of the following constituents of steel is least strong and softest?

1) Austenite

2) Ferrite

3) Cementite

4) Bainite

62. Isothermal transformation diagram is also called as

1) TTT diagram

2) S curve

3) Bain’s curve

4) All of the above

63. Which of the following is not the case hardening process

1) Carburizing

2) Anodizing

3) Nitriding

4) Cyaniding

64. Spheroidizing improves

1) Machinability

2) Hardenability

3) Weldability

4) Formability

65. Which is following is wrong about normalizing

1) It involves air cooling

2) Refines the grain size

3) Produces softer steel than full annealing

4) Reduces the internal stresses

66. Find the following which is not a hardening method of steel

1) Quenching

2) Adding alloying elements

3) Annealing

4) Case harden

67. Which of the following is a method to determine hardenability

1) Jominy test

2) Charpy test

3) Brinell hardness test

4) bend test

68. Pearlite is a mixture of

1) Ferrite and austenite

2) Austenite and cementite

3) Ferrite and cementite

4) bainite and cementite

68. Ledeburite is a mixture of

1) Ferrite and austenite

2) Austenite and cementite

3) Ferrite and cementite

4) bainite and cementite

69. Which of the following is the equilibrium structure

1) Bainite

2) Martensite

3) Pearlite

4) Austenite

70. Crystal structure of cementite is

1) FCC

2) BCC

3) HCP

4) Orthorhombic

71. Which of the following is isothermal transformation product

1) Martensite

2) Pearlite

3) Bainite

4) Cementite

72. When rapidly cooling from austenite phase, the product is

1) Bainite

2) Cementite

3) Martensite

4) Pearlite

73. Which of the following is correct about ledeburite

1) It is a eutectic product

2) It is eutectoid product

3) It is a peritectic product
4) none of these

74. Crystal structure of martensite is

1) Body centered

2) Face centered

3) Simple cubic

4) Body centered tetrogonal

75. Martensite will form completely when

1) Before CCR

2) After CCR

3) None of these

76. Purpose of heat treatment involves

1) Relieving of residual stresses

2) To improve mechanical properties

3) To change grain size

4) All of these

77. Main purpose of case hardening involves

1) To increase corrosion resistance

2) To increase wear resistance

3) To increase thermal resistance

4) To avoid fatique

78. Material suitable for carburizing

1) Low carbon steel

2) Medium carbon steel

3) High carbon steel

4) All of these
UNIT III

1.Which of the following has a fine gold colour and is used for imitation jewellery?

Aluminium bronze

Silicon bronze

Babbit metal

Gun metal

2. The hardness and tensile strength in austenitic stainless steel can be increased by

hardening and cold working

normalising

full annealing

martempering

3. Brass is an alloy of

1 copper and tin

2 copper, tin and zinc

copper and zinc

none of these

4.Malleable cast iron is produced

by adding magnesium to molten cast iron

by quick cooling of molten cast iron

from white cast iron by annealing process

none of these

5. Shock resisting steels should have

low tensile strength

toughness

low hardness

low wear resistance

6. The alloying element which increases residual magnetism and coercive magnetic force in steel for magnets is

1. chromium

2. vanadium

3. nickel

4. cobalt

7. Silicon when added to copper improves

1. machinability

2. hardness

3. hardness and strength

4. strength and ductility

8. Nodular cast iron is produced by adding __________ to the molten cast iron.

1. magnesium

2. nickel

3. chromium

4. copper

9. A small percentage of boron is added to steel in order to

1. reduce machinability

2. increase hardenability

3. increase wear resistance

4. increase endurance strength

10. Manganese bronze has

1. high yield point, high fatigue limit and excellent cold and hot corrosion resistance

2. valuable cold working property

3. high resistance to corrosion

4. good wearing qualities and high elasticity

11. The casting ability of aluminium increases when __________ is added to aluminium.

1. lead and bismuth

2. silicon

3. magnesium
 4. copper

12. Silicon bronze contains

1. 96% copper, 3% silicon and 1% manganese

2. 60% copper, 35% zinc and 5% manganese

3. 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc

4. 76% copper, 20% silicon and 4% zinc

13. Which of the following gives the correct order of increasing hot hardness of cutting tool materials?

1. High speed steel, Carbide, Diamond

2. Diamond, Carbide, High speed steel

3. Carbide, Diamond, High speed steel

4. High speed steel, Diamond, Carbide

14. Muntz metal (Yellow brass) contains

1. 59% copper, 40% zinc and 1% tin

2. 60% copper and 40% zinc

3. 70% copper and 30% zinc

4. 60.45% copper, 35.2% zinc and 5.35% nickel

15. The austenitic stainless steel contains

1. 18% chromium and 8% nickel

2. 8% chromium and 18% nickel

3. 14% chromium and 0.35% carbon

4. 14% nickel and 0.35% carbon

16. The addition of magnesium to cast iron increases its

1. corrosion resistance

2. ductility and strength in tension

3. creep strength

4. hardness

17. 18/8 stainless steel consists of

1. 18% nickel and 8% chromium

 2. 18% chromium and 8% nickel

3. 18% nickel and 18% chromium

4. 8% nickel and 8% chromium

18. Steel containing upto 0.15% carbon, is known as

1. medium carbon steel

2. dead mild steel

3. mild steel

4. high carbon steel

19. Vanadium when added to steel

1. decreases tensile strength

2. Sowers critical temperature

3. increases tensile strength

4. raises critical temperature

20. Silicon in cast iron

1. increases hardness and brittleness

2. makes the iron white and hard

3. aids fusibility and fluidity

4. makes the iron soft and easily machinable

21. Killed steels

1. have minimum impurity level

2. have almost zero percentage of phosphorus and sulphur

3. are produced by L-D process

4. are free from oxygen

22. The steel widely used for making precision measuring instruments is

1. nickel-chrome steel

2. high speed steel

3. nickel steel

4. chrome-vanadium steel

23-Which is closest to the purest form of the iron?

 (A) Cast Iron

(B) Wrought Iron

(C) Pig Iron

(D) Steel

24-Which of the following metal has lowest melting point?

(A) Antimony

(B) Tin

(C) Silver

(D) Zinc

25-Stainless steel is so called because of its ______.

(A) High strength

(B) High corrosion resistance

(C) High ductility

(D) Brittleness

26-The percentage of carbon in gray cast iron is in the range of

(A) 0.25 to 0.75 %

(B) 1.25 to 1.75 %

(C) 3 to 4%

(D) 8 to 10 %

27.Which of the following impurity in cast iron makes it hard and brittle?

(A) Silicon

(B) Sulphur

(C) Manganese

(D) Phosphorus
28.Tensile strength of steel can be safely increased by

(A) Adding carbon up to 2.8%

(B) Adding carbon up to 6.3%

(C) Adding carbon up to 0.83%

(D) Adding small quantities of copper

29.Cemented carbide tools are not found to be suitable for cutting

(A) Brass

(B) Cast iron

(C) Aluminium

(D) Steel
30.Y-alloy contains
 (A) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium

(B) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium

(C) 4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium

(D) 5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium

31. Pick up the wrong statement

(A) Aluminium in steel results in excessive grain growth

(B) Manganese in steel induces hardness

(C) Nickel and chromium in steel helps in raising the elastic limit and improve the resilience and ductility

(D) Tungsten in steels improves magnetic properties and hardenability

32.Pick up the wrong statement Nickel and chromium in steel help in

(A) Providing corrosion resistance

(B) Improving machining properties

(C) Providing high strength at elevated temperatures

(D) Raising the elastic limit

33.Steel contains

(A) 80% or more iron

(B) 50% or more iron

(C) Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper

(D) Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities

34. Which one of the following metals would work-harden more quickly than the others?

(A) Copper

(B) Brass

(C) Lead

(D) Silver
35.Bell metal contains

(A) 70% copper and 30% zinc

(B) 90% copper and 10% tin

(C) 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(D) 70 - 75% copper and rest tin

36.The composition of silver solder is

(A) Silver, copper, zinc

(B) Silver, tin, nickel

(C) Silver, lead, zinc

(D) Silver, copper, aluminium

37. Pipes for bicycle frames are made of

(A) Cold rolled steel

 (B) Hot rolled steel

(C) Forged steel

(D) Cast steel

38. The following element can't impart high strength at elevated temperature

(A) Manganese

(B) Magnesium

(C) Nickel

(D) Silicon
40. The percentage carbon content in wrought iron is about

(A) 0.02

(B) 0.1

(C) 02

(D) 0.4
41. Heavy duty leaf and coil springs contain carbon of the following order

(A) 0.2%

(B) 0.5%

(C) 0.8%

(D) 1.0%
42. The silicon steel is widely used for

(A) Connecting rods

(B) Cutting tools

(C) Generators and transformers in the form of laminated cores

(D) Motor car crankshafts

43.Blast furnace produces following by reduction of iron ore

(A) Cast iron

(B) Pig iron

(C) Wrought iron

(D) Malleable iron

44.Nickel in steel

(A) Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

(C) Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

(D) Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

45. Which of the following has highest specific strength of all structural materials?
 (A) Magnesium alloys

(B) Titanium alloys

(C) Chromium alloys

(D) Magnetic steel alloys

46.The correct composition of Babbitt metal is

(A) 87.75% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 0.25% Bi

(B) 90% Sn, 2% Cu, 4% Sb, 2% Bi, 2% Mg

(C) 87% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 1% Al

(D) 82% Sn, 4% Cu, 8% Sb, 3% Al, 3% Mg

47. Dow metal contains

(A) 94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe

(B) 92.5% aluminium and, 4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% Mg

(C) 90% aluminium and 90% copper

(D) 90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper

48. Which of the following alloys does not have copper as one of the constituents?

(A) Delta metal

(B) Monel metal

(C) Constantan

(D) Nichrome
49. Which of the following alloys does not contain tin?

(A) White metal

(B) Solder admiralty

(C) Fusible metal

(D) Phosphor bronze

50. Addition of manganese to aluminium results in

(A) Improvement of casting characteristics

(B) Improvement of corrosion resistance

(C) One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems

(D) Improving machinability

51. Admiralty gun metal contains

(A) 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

(B) 88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc

(C) Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

(D) Iron scrap and zinc

52. The alloy, mainly used for corrosion resistance in stainless steels is

(A) Silicon

(B) Manganese

(C) Carbon

(D) Chromium
53. The correct sequence for descending order of machinability is

(A) Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron

(B) Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron

(C) Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron

(D) Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel

54. Duralumin contains

(A) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium

(B) 3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium

(C) 4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium

(D) 5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium

55. Admiralty brass used for steam condenser tubes contains copper and zinc in the following ratio

(A) 50 : 50

(B) 30 : 70

(C) 70 : 30

(D) 40 : 60
56. A steel containing 16 to 18% chromium and about 0.12% carbon is called

(A) Ferritic stainless steel

(B) Austenitic stainless steel

(C) Martenistic stainless steel

(D) Nickel steel

57. Ductile cast iron

(A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
58. Malleable cast iron
 (A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough, and easily machined metal

(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle. Graphite is in the nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
59. The presence of hydrogen in steel causes

(A) Reduced neutron absorption cross-section

(B) Improved Weldability

(C) Embrittlement

(D) Corrosion resistance

60. Which is the false statement about wrought iron? It has

(A) High resistance to rusting and corrosion

(B) High ductility

(C) Ability of hold protective coating

(D) Uniform strength in all directions

61. Which of the following is added in low carbon steels to prevent them from becoming porous?

(A) Sulphur

(B) Phosphorus

(C) Manganese

(D) Silicon
62. Which of the following element results in presence of free graphite in C.I.?

(A) Carbon

(B) Sulphur

(C) Silicon

(D) Manganese
63. Free cutting steels

(A) Contain carbon in free from

(B) Require minimum cutting force

(C) Is used where rapid machining is the prime requirement

(D) Can be cut freely

64. Grey cast iron
 (A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(C) Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal

(D) Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
65. The aluminium alloy, mainly used, for anodized utensil manufacture, is

(A) Duralumin

(B) Y-alloy

(C) Magnalium

(D) Hindalium
66. White cast iron

(A) Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron

(B) Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable

(C) Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

(D) Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the
material
67. The compressive strength of cast iron is __________that of its tensile strength.

(A) Equal to

(B) Less than

(C) More than

(D) None of these

68. Monel metal contains

(A) 63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper

(B) 88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc

(C) Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium

(D) Malleable iron and zinc

69. Sulphur in steel

(A) Acts as deoxidiser

(B) Reduces the grain size

(C) Decreases tensile strength and hardness

(D) Lowers the toughness and transverse ductility

70. Structural steel contains following principal alloying elements
 (A) Nickel, chromium and manganese

(B) Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous

(C) Lead, tin, aluminium

(D) Zinc, sulphur, and chromium

71. Aluminium bronze contains

(A) 94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe

(B) 92.5% aluminium, 4% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg

(C) 10% aluminium and 90% copper

(D) 90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper

72. The percentage of carbon in pig iron varies from

(A) 0.1 to 1.2%

(B) 1.5 to 2.5%

(C) 2.5 to 4%

(D) 4 to 4.5%
73. The main alloying elements high speed steel in order of increasing proportion are

(A) Vanadium, chromium, tungsten

(B) Tungsten, titanium, vanadium

(C) Chromium, titanium, vanadium

(D) Tungsten, chromium, titanium

74. Corundum contains more than 95%

(A) Steel

(B) Al2O3

(C) SiO2

(D) MgO
75. The aluminium alloy made by melting aluminium with 2 to 10% magnesium and 1.75% copper is called

(A) Duralumin

(B) Y-alloy

(C) Magnalium

(D) Hindalium
76. Brass contains

(A) 70% copper and 30% zinc

 (B) 90% copper and 10% tin

(C) 85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel

(D) 70 - 75% copper and rest tin

77. Which of the following statement is incorrect about duralumin?

(A) It is prone to age hardening

(B) It can be forged

(C) It has good machining properties

(D) It is lighter than pure aluminium

78. The hardness of steel primarily depends on

(A) Percentage of carbon

(B) Percentage of alloying elements

(C) Heat treatment employed

(D) Shape of carbides and their distribution in iron

79. Alnico, an alloy used extensively for permanent magnets contains iron, nickel, aluminium and cobalt in the following ratio

(A) 50 : 20 : 20 : 10

(B) 40 : 30 : 20 : 10

(C) 50 : 20 : 10 : 20

(D) 30 : 20 : 30 : 20
80. The usual composition of a soldering alloy is

(A) Tin, lead and small percentage of antimony

(B) Tin and lead

(C) Tin, lead and silver

(D) Tin and copper

81. The tensile strength of wrought iron is maximum

(A) Along the lines of slag distribution

(B) Perpendicular to lines of slag distribution

(C) Uniform in all directions

(D) None of the above

82. The metal suitable for bearings subjected to heavy loads, is

(A) Silicon bronze

(B) White metal

 (C) Monel metal

(D) Phosphor bronze

83. Which of the following elements does not impart hardness to steel?

(A) Copper

(B) Chromium

(C) Nickel

(D) Silicon
84. In low carbon steels, presence of small quantities of sulphur improves

(A) Weldability

(B) Formability

(C) Machinability

(D) Hardenability
85. Cobalt in steel

(A) Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties

(C) Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability

(D) Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
86. Which of the following metal shrinks most from molten state to solid state?

(A) Cast iron

(B) Cast steel

(C) Brass

(D) Admiralty metal

87. Tungsten in steel

(A) Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness

(B) Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties

(C) Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

(D) Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties

88. The machinability of steel is improved by adding

(A) Nickel

(B) Chromium
 (C) Nickel and chromium

(D) Sulphur, lead and phosphorus

89. Which of the following pipes is least corrosion resistant?

(A) Brass

(B) Mild steel

(C) Cast iron

(D) Wrought iron

90. The metallic structure of mild steel is

(A) Body centered cubic

(B) Face centered cubic

(C) Hexagonal close packed

(D) Cubic structure

91. Vanadium in high speed steels

(A) Promotes decarburisation

(B) Provides high hot hardness

(C) Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance

(D) Promotes retention of austenite

92. Nodular iron has

(A) High machinability

(B) Low melting point

(C) High tensile strength

(D) All of the above

93. Which of the following material has nearly zero coefficient of expansion?

(A) Stainless steel

(B) High speed steel

(C) Invar

(D) Heat resisting steel

94. The addition of which of the following improves machining of copper?

(A) Sulphur

(B) Vanadium

(C) Tin
 (D) Zinc
95. Pig iron is the name given to

(A) Raw material for blast furnace

(B) Product of blast furnace made by reduction of iron ore

(C) Iron containing huge quantities of carbon

(D) Iron in molten form in the ladles

96. 1841 high speed steel contains

(A) Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%

(B) Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%

(C) Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%

(D) None of the above

97. Connecting rod is, usually, made from

(A) Low carbon steel

(B) High carbon steel

(C) Medium carbon steel

(D) High speed steel

98. Which of the following impurity in cast iron promotes graphite nodule formation and increases the fluidity of the molten metal?

(A) Silicon

(B) Sulphur

(C) Manganese

(D) Phosphorus

99. White cast iron contains carbon in the form of

(A) Free carbon

(B) Graphite

(C) Cementite

(D) White carbon

100. Balls for ball bearings are made of

(A) Cast iron

(B) Mild steel

 (C) Stainless steel

(D) Carbon-chrome steel

UNIT IV

UNIT V
1.In compression, a prism of brittle material will break

(A) By forming a bulge

(B) By shearing along oblique plane

(C) In direction perpendicular to application of load

(D) By crushing into thousands of pieces

2. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of most of the metals, when temperature falls from 0 to 100°C will

(A) Increase

(B) Decrease

(C) Remain same

(D) First increase and then decrease