Final Fullfill Report

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREYED RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE
A Project Work submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Civil Engineering
Submitted by
SNEHA.S. TOGGI 1KG12CV041

KAILASH.N 1KG13CV019
RAKESH.R 1KG13CV044
SUSHMA.Y. A 1KG14CV421
Under the Guidance of
Mr. VEERENDRA KUMAR.M Mr. PRASHANTH.M

Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
KSSEM, Bengaluru KSSEM, Bengaluru
Department of Civil Engineering

K.S. School of Engineering and Management
No. 15, Mallasandra, off Kanakapura Road, Bengaluru-560109
2016-17
Certificate
This is to certify that the project work entitled “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
MULTI-STOREYED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE”
is a bonafide work carried out by

RAKESH.R 1KG13CV044
in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering”

of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, during the year 2016-17. It is
certified that all the suggestions indicated during internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report and this thesis satisfies the academic requirement in
respect of project work prescribed for the degree.
____________________ ___________________ _________________

Name and Signature of Head of the Department Principal/ Director
Internal Guide
Mr. Veerendra Kumar.M Dr. Vijayalakshmi Akella Dr. S N Sridhara
Associate Professor Professor and Head Principal

Dept. of Civil Engg. Dept. of Civil Engg. KSSEM, Bengaluru
KSSEM, Bengaluru KSSEM, Bengaluru
University Examiners:
_______________________________ ______________________________
Name and Signature of Examiner-1 Name and Signature of Examiner-2

Declaration
We,

RAKESH.R 1KG13CV044
the students of eighth semester B.E. (Civil Engineering) declare that the project
entitled “ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREYED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
USING COMMERCIAL DESIGN SOFTWARE” is carried out by us at K.S School of
Engineering and Management as a partial fulfillment of academic requirement of
B.E IN CIVIL ENGINEERING under Visvesvaraya Technological University. The
content in the thesis are original and are free from plagiarism and other academic
dishonesty and are not submitted to any other University either partially or wholly
for the award of any other degree.
SL No. USN No. Name of Student Signature with Date
1. 1KG12CV041 SNEHA.S. TOGGI ___________________

2. 1KG13CV019 KAILASH.N ___________________
3. 1KG13CV044 RAKESH.R ___________________
4. 1KG14CV421 SUSHMA.Y. A ___________________
Date: Place: Bengaluru

Acknowledgement
We take this occasion to express our heartfelt thankfulness to everyone who made this project
success.
We want to bear our most heartfelt thankfulness to Mr. Veerendra Kumar M Associate
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KSSEM, Bengaluru, and Mr.Prashanth M
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KSSEM, Bengaluru, for taking out
time from hectic schedule and guiding us in the most warm and friendly manner.
We would also extent our sincere thanks to Dr. Vijayalakshmi Akella, HOD, Department
of Civil Engineering, KSSEM, Bengaluru, who with her inspiration, encouragement and
support, has rendered meticulous guidance throughout the project work.
We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. S N Sridhara, Principal, KSSEM, Bengaluru, for
providing the necessary infrastructure and his kind encouragement during the project.
We would like to be grateful to all the Teaching, Non-Teaching Staff and Supporting
Members of our department for their livelihood support and co-operation during our project
work and We would like to thank K. S. School of Engineering and Management for giving
us the opportunity to use their resources and for their encouragement with such a vibrant and
learning atmosphere.
Last but not the least We feel short of words to express our sincere thanks to our Parents and
Friends who have been there and extending the moral support, source of continuous
inspiration, encouragement and support during our course and project work.

RAKESH.R 1KG13CV044
i
Abstract
In this project, we are going to analyze and design reinforced concrete Multi-storied residential
apartments using ETABS software. This residential apartment comprises of ‘G+4’ floors with
ground floor being completely utilized for vehicle’s parking space.
The project is carried out by first preparing the building plan of the residential apartments as
per the guide lines of BBMP and the literature survey available. The loads were considered as
per the codal provisions after which analysis and design of the residential apartments was
carried out using ETABS software, confirming to BIS standards. Finally, the design details
are drafted and presented in this report.
ii
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. i
Abstract .................................................................................................................................ii
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................iii
List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... vi
Nomenclature ......................................................................................................................vii
Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................viii
Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction to structural engineering projects: .......................................................... 1
1.2 Planning phase of engineering project: ....................................................................... 2
Site investigation: ................................................................................................. 2
Soil Exploration: ................................................................................................... 4
Safe bearing capacity of soil: ................................................................................ 4
Preparation of Building Plans: .............................................................................. 5
1.3 Design Phase of Engineering Projects: ....................................................................... 6
Guidelines for Column, Beams and Slabs: ........................................................... 6
Loads: ................................................................................................................... 8
Analysis of elements for member forces: ............................................................. 9
Design Philosophy: ............................................................................................. 10
1.4 Steps involved in RCC Design: ................................................................................. 10
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................. 12
Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 Plan configurations for multi-storied buildings: .................................................. 12
2.2 Comparison of different softwares used for designing structures: ....................... 15
2.3 Findings from literature survey: ........................................................................... 16

iii
2.4 Aim: ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Objectives: ............................................................................................................ 17
2.6 Methodology for Objectives:..................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................. 18
Design ................................................................................................................................. 18
3.1 Details of the Project Design: .................................................................................... 18
3.2 Detailed descriptive for various methodologies: ....................................................... 18
Details obtained from literature survey: ............................................................. 18
Preparation of building plan for the residential project: ..................................... 18
Identification of various structural elements and to fix their dimensions: ......... 19
Analysis and design of Structural elements using E-TABS: .............................. 22
Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................. 64
Results and Discussions ...................................................................................................... 64
Chapter 5 ................................................................................................................................. 66
Conclusions and Future Work ............................................................................................ 66
References............................................................................................................................... 67
iv
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Reconnaissance ....................................................................................................... 2
Figure 1.2 Study of maps .......................................................................................................... 3
Figure 1.3 Aerial photography.................................................................................................. 3
Figure 1.4 Plate load test .......................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3.1 Floor Slab S - 1 ..................................................................................................... 26
Figure 3.2 Floor Slab S-8 ....................................................................................................... 28
Figure 3.3 Lift room floor slab ............................................................................................... 32
Figure 3.4 Roof Slab S-1 ........................................................................................................ 37
Figure 3.5 Roof Slab S-8 ........................................................................................................ 40
Figure 3.6 Lift Room Roof Slab ............................................................................................. 43
Figure 3.7 Step number 1 to 7 ................................................................................................ 46
Figure 3.8 Step number 8 to 14 .............................................................................................. 47
Figure 3.9 Modelling of column details in E-TABS .............................................................. 55
Figure 3.10 Modelling of beam details in E-TABS ................................................................ 55
Figure 3.11 Modelling of slab details in E-TABS .................................................................. 56
Figure 3.12 Modelling of footing details in SAFE ................................................................. 56
Figure 3.13 Column position .................................................................................................. 57
Figure 3.14 Modelling of structure up to first floor................................................................ 57
Figure 3.15 Modelling of entire structure ............................................................................... 58
Figure 3.16 Storey displacement due to seismic wave acting along X direction ................... 59
Figure 3.17 Storey displacement due to seismic wave action along Y direction ................... 60
Figure 3.18 Storey displacement due to wind load along X direction.................................... 60
Figure 3.19 Storey displacement due to wind load along Y direction.................................... 60
Figure 3.20 Drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along X direction ......................... 61
Figure 3.21 Drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along Y direction ......................... 62
Figure 3.22 Drift monitoring due to wind load along X direction.......................................... 62
Figure 3.23 Drift monitoring due to wind load along Y direction.......................................... 63
v
List of Tables
Table 3.1 One way floor slabs ................................................................................................ 32
Table 3.2 Two-way floor slabs ............................................................................................... 33
Table 3.3 One way roof slabs ................................................................................................. 44
Table 3.4 Two-way roof slabs ................................................................................................ 44
Table 3.5 Footing details ........................................................................................................ 48
Table 3.6 Dispalcement checks .............................................................................................. 61
Table 3.7 Drift checks............................................................................................................. 63
vi
Nomenclature
D Overall depth of the beam and slab in mm
L Span of Slab in m
S Standard deviation
W load in kN/m
b Width of beam and column section in mm
d Effective depth of beam and slab in mm
fck Characteristic compressive strength in N/mm2
fck’ Target average compressive strength in N/mm2
vii
Abbreviations
Asc Area of compression steel reinforcement
Ast Area of tension steel reinforcement
BBMP Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
DL Dead load
EQX Earthquake load in X direction
EQY Earthquake load in Y direction
LL Live load
Mu Ultimate moment
Mu-lim Limiting moment capacity of section
Pt Percentage of tensile steel
Sv Spacing of stirrups
WX Wind loads in X direction
WY Wind loads in Y direction
mm c/c Spacing of reinforcement in mm Centre to Center
viii
Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction to structural engineering projects:

Structural engineering projects may be divided in to three phases: planning phase, design
phase and construction phase (execution work at the site). The planning phase involves a
consideration of the various requirement and factors which reflects the general layout and
dimension of the structure and leads to the choice of one or perhaps several alternative types
of structures. The design phase involves a detailed consideration of the alternative solution
evolved in the planning phase, analyzing and designing of various structural components for
several combinations of loads. The construction phase involves procurements of materials
equipment and personnel, fabrication, erection and finally the overall construction of the
building. The real responsibility of the structural engineer is to ensure that the structure
transmits the several service loads safely and efficiently. For this concept, clear understanding
of the fundamentals is essential. ETABS is one of the commercially available software which
easily facilitates one to understand the structural response under the action of loads and in the
designing of elements. A structure is designed to perform a certain function. Among these
functions are the utility of the building for the intended use and occupancy, structural safety
and compliance with hygienic, sanitation, ventilation and daylight standards. To perform this
function satisfactorily, it must have sufficient strength and rigidity. Economy and aesthetic
wise are further objectives of major importance in the structural design. Structural design
involves determining the most suitable proportions of a structure and dimensioning and
detailing the structural elements. Once the structure is analyzed and designed it must have
sufficient strength to withstand the maximum stresses to which it is subjected. In short, the
specifications of the required structure are the most important thing to decide many aspect of
the structure, such as functional safety and economic aspects. Many classical methods are
available for the analysis and the design of multistoried framed structure. But as the time has
become the major constraint, the invention of many software packages has overcome this
constraint with sufficiently considerable result.
Dept. of Civil. Engg, K.S. School of Engg and Management Page1

Introduction
1.2 Planning phase of engineering project:
Site investigation:
Site investigation refers to the procedure of determining surface and subsurface conditions
in the area of proposed construction. Site inspection or say geotechnical inspection is very
important in understanding the physical properties of soil and the rocks beneath. This is
required to ascertain the type of foundation required for the proposed construction.
Site investigations may be conducted by the following steps:
1. Reconnaissance
2. Study of maps
3. Aerial photography
1. Reconnaissance:
Reconnaissance involves an inspection of the site as shown in Figure 1.1 and study of
the topographical features. This will yield useful information about the soil and ground
features at the site.
Source: http://daecivil.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/7/8/14788056/5954747_orig.jpg
Figure 1.1 Reconnaissance
2. Study of Maps:
Information on surface and subsurface condition in an area is frequently available in the
form of maps. Hence the study of such maps as shown in Figure 1.2 is of prime importance

Introduction
to establish the nature of deposits underlying the site. The types of soil and rock likely to be
encountered can be determined.
Source:http://4.bp.blogspot.com/deskstudy2.jpg
Figure 1.2 Study of maps
3. Aerial Photography:
Aerial photography as shown in Figure 1.3 is a newly developed method by which detailed
investigations may be carried out for any major project. Air photo interpretation is
the estimation of underground conditions by relating land for development and plant growth
to geology as reflected in aerial photographs.
Source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/PnAqtSagQEo/hqdefault.jpg
Figure 1.3 Aerial photography

Introduction
Soil Exploration:
Determining engineering properties of the soils at a site for a proper design and
successful construction of any structure at the site. This is carried out both in field and
laboratory to obtain the necessary data for determining strength and other physical
characteristics of soil which is termed as soil exploration.
Methods of site exploration:
1. Direct method-( test pits , trial pits)
2. Semi direct methods-( borings)
3. Indirect method-(penetration tests and geo physical methods)
Safe bearing capacity of soil:

SBC of soils defined as the maximum pressure intensity that the soil will safely transmit
without the risk of shear failure irrespective of settlement that may occur. A typical plate
load test is as shown in Figure 1.4.
Steps carried out in determining the SBC of soil:
1. Collection of undisturbed samples from trail pits in the field. The number and depth
of trail pits depend upon the project.
2. Determination of actual water content of collected soil sample in the laboratory.
3. For that actual water content of soil sample tri axial test is conducted. Tests results
give shear parameters (cohesion and internal friction of so).
4. The SBC of soil is obtained from the relevant table given in IS: 1904-1986.
Source: https://theconstructor.org/plate-load-test-for-bearing-capacity-of-soil.jpg
Figure 1.4 Plate load test

Introduction
Preparation of Building Plans:
a. Preparation of layout plan at various floor levels depending on functional,

and safety requirements against wind and seismic forces.
b. Preparation of layout plan with various service amenities such as water -supply lines,
Sewer lines and electric cable lines
c. Preparation of layout plan at terrace level indicating the position of water tanks, solar
water heater and roof garden.
d. Layout plan of staircase and lifts provided at different floor levels.
Where good foundations are available at reasonably shallow depth, provision of plinth
Beams in Non-Seismic Areas can be omitted. However, this should be government
approved from super intending Engineer/Complete authority. In such case the RCC
layout at plinth level may be prepared accordingly.
1. Finalize various structural frames in X-direction and Y-direction followed by
preparation of frames sketches.
2. Feed the data of frames and recheck the data entered.
3. Design column section assembling the data for column, using results obtained in
analysis of frames, which include the column under consideration.
4. Design footings manually.
5. Design slabs manually.
6. Design beams by using the frames by using the frames analysis output. It gives
required area of reinforcement at various locations and diameter and spacing of
shear reinforcement.
a. Fix the bar diameter and number of bars (at top and bottom) at various
locations along the beam span, as per code provisions and practice.
b. Finalize the diameter and spacing of shear reinforcements as per analysis
results and as per code provisions of detailing wherever applicable. Design
secondary beams, shall be done manually on similar lines on finalization of
RCC design of main beams.
7. Preparations of RCC schedules for footing, slabs, beams and columns at various
levels on completion of respective design. As these RCC schedules are to be used
during the execution, designer should take maximum care in preparing them.
Schedules should be prepared by an Engineer, and thoroughly cross checked by

Introduction
another Engineer, before submitting the same for approval to the competent authority.
In schedules special instructions to the field engineers should be highlighted and
sketches should be drawn wherever necessary. General notes to be mentioned on schedules.
1.3 Design Phase of Engineering Projects:
Guidelines for Column, Beams and Slabs:
Proportioning of column elements:
This is an important stage. It is skill full job and economy in Design is achieved by location
of column at proper and ideal locations.
1. Normally the position of the column is shown by Architect in his plans.
2. Columns should generally and preferably be located at or near corners and
intersection/junction of walls.
3. If the site restrictions make it obligatory to locate column footings within the property
line the column may be shifted inside along a cross wall to accommodate footings
within the property line. Alternatively trapezoidal footings, eccentric footing can also
be adopted in residential buildings, generally columns should be located at 3m to 4m
c/c to avoid large spans of beams. This will also control deflection and cracking.
4. While fixing the orientation columns care should be taken that it does not change
architectural elevation. This can be achieved by keeping the column orientations and
side restrictions are proposed in plans by the Architect.
5. As far as possible, column projections outside the walls should be avoided, unless
Architect’s plans show contrary or same is required as structural requirement.
6. Columns should not obstruct door and window positions show in the Architect's plans.
7. As far as possible column should be so positioned, those continuous frames from one
end to other of building in both X and Y direction is available. This will increase the
global stiffness of building against horizontal forces.
8. When the locations of two columns are near to each other (for e.g. the corner of the
building and intersection of the wall) then as far as possible only one column should
be provided.
9. As far aspossible, column should not be closer than 2m c/c to avoid
striped/combined/continuous footing. Generally the maximum distance between two
columns should not be more than 8m c/c.

Introduction
10. Columns should be normally provided around staircase and lift wells.
11. Preferably overhead water tank should rest on the column as shown in Architect's
plan. The height of water tank should be up to 2m.
12. Twin columns of equal sizes are desirable at expansion joints from aesthetic point of
view.
13. As far as possible every column must be connected (tied) in both directions with
beams at each floor level, so as to avoid slender column.
14. As far as possible column supported on beams should be avoided.
15. When column along with connecting beam from a frame, the columns should be so
oriented that as far as possible the larger dimension of the column is perpendicular to
the major axis of bending. By this arrangement column section and there
reinforcement are utilized to the best structural advantage.
Proportioning of beam elements:

a. Normally beams shall be provided below all the walls.
b. Beams shall be provided supporting staircase fights at the floor levels and at mid
landing levels.
c. Beams should be position, so as to restrict the slab thickness to 150 mm satisfying the
deflection criteria. To achieve this, secondary beams shall be provided where
necessary.
d. Generally we come across with situation that there is a gap between the floor lever
beam and beam supporting chejja. Here the depth of floor beam shall be a chased
that it can support chejja also. However if depth so required is large (distance
between floor beam bottom and lintel top, greater than 300mm) provide separate
beam.
e. As far as possible, cantilever beams should not be projected from beams, to avoid
torsion.
f. Beams of equal depth shall be provided on both sides of expansion joints from the
aesthetical point of view.
g. To get the required head room following alternatives can be tried.
1. Reduce the beam depth without violating defection criteria and maximum
percentage of steel criteria for beams.
2. In case there is a wall. Over the beam without any opening, inverted beam may
be provided in conclusion with architect

Introduction
h. Where secondary beam are proposed to reduce the slab thickness and to form a grid
of beam, the secondary beam shall preferably be provided of lesser depth of
supporting beams so that main reinforcement of secondary beams shall always pass
above the main beams.
i. In toilet blocks provided minimum number of secondary beams so that casting slabs
and beam will be simple .''No secondary beam‟ condition would be ideal.
j. Beams which are required to give a planer look from there underside shall be
provided as inverted beams. Ex. Canopies. Alternatively hidden beams inside the
slab having the same depth as thickness of slab may be adopted. Such hidden
beamscan be provided in toilet blocks, under partition wall etc., where a cluster of
beams can be provided.
Proportioning of Slab elements:

Slab shall be designed as one way slab if ratio of Ly and Lx is more than 2 and where Lx is
shorter span and Ly is longer span of the slab. However as per Designs Circle practice slabs
up to 2.5 m span may be designed as one way slab. Canopy, chejja, balcony slabs are
generally provided as cantilever slabs. W.C. slabs is generally made sloping or sunk by
about 500 mm below general floor level for Indian type water closet. Slabs for toilet
block and sunken slab are generally sunk by 200 mm below general floor level. Staircase
waist slab shall be generally one way slab. Loft slabs over toilets are generally supported
on partition walls of toilets and W.C. loft load should be considered while designing the
beams supporting these walls.
Loads:
The various loads expected on a structure may be classified into the following groups:
1. Dead loads
2. Imposed loads
3. Wind loads
4. Snow loads
5. Earthquake forces
6. Shrinkage, creep and temperature effects, and
7. Other forces and effects.

Introduction
1. Dead loads (DL):

Dead loads in a building includes the weight of all permanent constructions, like roofs,
floors, walls, partition walls, beams, columns, balcony‟s, footing. These loads shall be
assessed by estimating the quantity of each material and then multiplying it with the unit
weight. The unit weights of various materials used in building constructions are given in
the code IS: 875 (part-1)-1987.
2. Imposed loads (IL):

The loads which keep on changing from time to time are called as imposed loads.
Common example such loads in building are the weight of the persons, weights of
movable partition, dust loads and weight of furniture‟s. These loads were formerly known
as live loads. These loads are to be suitably assumed by the designer. It is one of the major
loads in the design. The minimum values to be assumed are given in IS: 875 (part-2)-
1987.
Analysis of elements for member forces:
The structural analysis comprising of the computations of force (external reactions, shear,
moments, and displacements) that are developed in the structure due to loading.
There are various methods for analysis of structures. There is hard and fast rule as to
whether a structure is to be analyzed by some specific method or some other method as each
of them has their own limitations. Some of methods of analysis of structures are:
1. Slope deflection method
2. Moment distribution method
3. Column analogy method
4. Kani’s method
5. Strain energy method
6. Finite element method
However, there are number of commercial software’s available for analyzing and design of
structures. ETABS is one such software which analyses the structure from the concepts of
finite element method and it determines the member forces and design the member as per the
codal provisions of IS 456.

Introduction
Design Philosophy:
RCC design of buildings is being carried out mainly by three methods of design. They
are namely
1. Working stress method
2. Ultimate stress method
3. Limit state method
The limit state method is now in vogue in all Design offices and premier private
consulting firms. The BIS has published IS 456 – 2000 incorporating the use of limit
state method of design, hence one should therefore get well verse with the theory of
Limit state method of design.
Working stress method:

Used over decades, this method is now practically outdated in many advanced of world,
because of its inherent limitations. The IS 456 – 2000 code gives emphasis on Limit
State Method, which is the modified form of Ultimate Load Method.
Limit stress method:

It is judicious amalgamation of Working Stress Method and Ultimate Load Method,
which makes use of optimum material strength and loads by increasing the same with
partial safety factors removing the drawbacks of both of the methods but retaining their
good points. It is also based on sound scientific principles and backed by 25 years of research,
the Limit State Method has proved to have edge over the working Stress Method from
the economic and strength point of view. Consequently we need not stick
to Working Stress Method any more.
1.4 Steps involved in RCC Design:

The RCC design of a building is carried out in following steps.
1. Study the architectural drawing.
2. Study the field data.
3. Prepare RCC layouts at various floor level.
4. Decide the imposed live load and other loads such as wind, seismic and
other miscellaneous loads, (where applicable), as per IS 875, considering the
contemplated use of space, and seismic zone of the site of proposed building.
5. Fix the tentative slab and beam sizes and then prepare preliminary beam

Introduction
design.Using values of support reactions from preliminary beam design, prepare

preliminary column design and based on these load calculations, fix tentative
column design and its concrete minimum As far as possible, for public buildings,
the same column size and column mix should be used for at least two stories
so as to avoid frequent changes in column size and concrete mix facilities
easy and quick construction. Concrete Mix to be adopted for beams and slabs at
all floors is M20 for non-coastal region and M25 for coastal region.
6. Group the member such as a column's, beams, footing's etc., Where ever possible,
on the basis of similarity of loading pattern, spans, and end conditions etc., It
reduces the quantum of calculations.
7. Prepare RCC layouts and get approval from the architect to the RCC layouts
and tentative sizes of beam and columns and other structural members it any. In
the RCC layout, show the structural and orientation of columns, layout of beams,
and type of slab (with its design live load) at different floor levels. Also
indicate how the different structural members will transfer the load of each floor
successively to the foundation level.

Literature Review
Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Plan configurations for multi-storied buildings:
From the investigations carried out by Abhay Guleria [1] on effect of plan configurations on
the stability of structures, ETABS software was used for analyzing multistory buildings with
different plan configurations such as rectangle, L shape, I shape and C shape building plan
and finally he has concluded that the storey over turning moment varies inversely with storey
height. Moreover, L shape and I shape buildings give almost similar response against the
overturning movement. Storey drift displacement increased with storey height. From dynamic
analysis, mode shapes are generated and it can be concluded that asymmetrical plans undergo
more deformation and storey drift than symmetrical plans.
The research work carried out by Bhola M Sontakke et al [2] on seismic behavior of soft storey
reinforced concrete building during earthquake, It has been found that the soft storey behavior
due to increase in storey height, lack of infill’s at ground floor storey, they have concluded
that the open first storey is an important functional requirement of almost all the urban multi-
storey buildings and hence it is necessary to adopt alternative measures for this specific
situation. The underlying principle offers practical solution to this problem.
a) Stiffness of the first storey shall be increased in such a way that the first storey is at
Least 50% stiffer in compassion to the second storey.
b) There shall be provision of adequate lateral strength in the first storey by increasing
the stiffness of first storey columns.
c) Damage induced for first floor column are very large for soft storey buildings because
it demands larger strength due to mass and stiffness irregularity thus, influencing the
lateral force distribution of the building during the earthquake.
From the investigations carried out by Pankaj Agarwal et al [3] related to effect of Bhuj
earthquake which occurred on January 26.2001 on behavior of structures, It has been observed
that the principle reasons of failure of structures are due to soft storey, floating columns, mass
irregularities, poor quality of construction materials and faulty construction practices ,
inconsistent earthquake response , soil and foundation effect and pounding of adjacent

Literature Review
structures. Their investigation relates to types of construction, types of damage, causes of

damage in selected Multistoried Reinforced concrete and lessons learned from the failure.
They have concluded that the causes of failure which are identified after field survey are
 Soft storey failure: vertical irregularity in stiffness/strength.

 Floating column failure: complex load path to transfer forces.
 Mass irregularities: eccentric loading and P-Δ.
 Poor and old construction: corrosion of reinforcement.
 Pounding: hammering of adjacent buildings.
 Design deficiency: lack of ductility and ductile detailing.
 Construction consideration: lack of sliding and movable joints.
These failures could be minimized by the technical awareness of earthquake-resistant design

practices among engineers, architects, planners and builders.
It is carried out by Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy et al [4] as per the investigation of, multi storey
buildings with 5 and 10 storey have been modelled using software package ETABS. This
paper also deals with effect of the variation of the building height on the structural response
of the building. The aim of this work is to estimate the design loads of a structure which is
subjected to wind loads in particular region. And they have finally concluded that,
 The effective parameters for wind forces effecting any building are the area subjected
to wind as well.
 The intensity of wind defined by the code IS-875, according to its location
 The wind load increases with height of structures.
 Structure should be designed for loads obtained in both directions independently for
critical force of wind or earth quake.
 Comparison of various design parameters is carried out and respective results are
plotted.
As per the investigation carried out by Yasser Alashkar et al [5], nonlinear pushover analysis
has been used to evaluate the seismic performance of three buildings with three different plans
having same area and height. This method determines the base shear capacity of the building
under varying intensity of seismic force. The results of effects of different plan on seismic
response of buildings have been presented in terms of displacement, base shear and plastic
hinge pattern. From this study, following conclusion can be drawn

Literature Review
 Pushover analysis has been found relatively simple and evaluates the performance of
the building close to more realistic behavior.
 The plan dimensions significantly influence the seismic behavior of the buildings.
 The building with plan aspect ratio 1.5 shows the least base shear in both directions,
thereafter base shear significantly increases with increase in plan aspect ratio.
 Increasing plan aspect ratio makes the Y direction of building more vulnerable to
damage during earth quake.
 By increasing plan aspect ratio, the total number of hinges formed at different
performance levels also increases, which may lead to building deficiency of resisting
seismic loads.
 Ductility is one of the most important factors affecting the building performance. Thus,
earth quake resistant design strives to determine the plan dimensions to ensure ductile
behavior of the building.
 Finally, the architect and engineer should both employ ingenuity and imagination of
their respective disciplines to reduce the effect of irregularities, or to achieve desired
aesthetic qualities without compromising structural integrity.
C. Rajesh et al [6], have investigated the overview of the performance of reinforced concrete
frames buildings with and without infill walls, they have modelled the two different buildings
with and without infill walls and design it and then analysis done for gravity and seismic loads
using software (SAP2000). Compare the results from the computerized model analysis for
with and without infill structure as bare frame and single strut models respectively. They
checked the results for total weight of building time period, base shear and model participation
ratio. From this analysis, they conclude that strut model buildings give better and best
performance than base frame model buildings in the high seismic prone areas.

Literature Review
2.2 Comparison of different softwares used for designing structures:
From the investigations carried out by K Venu Manikanta et al [7] they have made thorough
investigations by using different types of software such as ETABS and STAAD PRO for
analysis and design of various types of structures such as vertical, regular and rectangular plan
with vertical geometrically irregular multi-storey building. Finally, they have concluded that
ETABS is more user friendly, accurate, compatible for analyzing the design results.
As per the investigation carried out by Mahmad Sabeer et al [8] the virtual analysis of results
obtained commencing the design of concrete frame multi storey structure when designed using
slab STAAD PRO and ETABS software separately and arrived at a concludes that, from
design of results of beams ETABS gave lesser area of required steel as compared to STAAD
PRO.
As per the investigations carried by Puneet Mittal et al [9] The degree of variation between
the results of those obtained by two different design software i.e., STAAD PRO and ETABS
have been reported. An appropriate and economical way of analysis and design of the structure
is also discussed with the help of an example of a multistory building. Finally, they have
concluded from analysis result of column, that ETABS gave lesser forces axial force and shear
force as compared to STAAD PRO.
Prashanth.P et al [10] has investigated that the comparative analysis of the result obtained
from the design of the regular and irregular plan (as per IS:1893) multi-storey building
structures when designed using STAAD PRO and ETABS software separately. These results
are also compared with manual calculation of a sample beam and column of the same structure
designed as per IS456. From the design results of beam, they concluded that ETABS gave
lesser area of required steel as compared to STAAD PRO.
M Jeevanathan and J P Annie Sweetlin [11] has carried out the investigation on earthquake
resistance of a G+20 multi-storey building which is analyzed using equivalent static method
with the help of ETABS software. The method includes seismic coefficient method as
recommended by IS1893. The parameters studied were displacement, storey drift and storey
shear. And the final conclusion is that the results obtained from the ETABS software were
compared with the manual calculations results and it was seen that both the results obtained
were similar.

Literature Review
N Sharath Chandra Goud and Dr. A Rammohanachary [12] has carried out the investigation
and the analysis of a multi-storied residential building of G+6 consisting of 5 apartments in
each floor. The dead load and live loads are applied and design for beams, columns and footing
are obtained using ETABS 2015 with its new features surpassed its predecessors and
compotators with its data sharing capabilities with other major softwares like Auto CAD and
MS Excel. Hence it is concluded that ETABS is a powerful tool which can save much time
and is very accurate in designs. It is also concluded that ETABS package is suitable for the
design of the multi-storied building.
2.3 Findings from literature survey:
From the literature survey carried out on various investigations carried out by different
authors, the following guide lines have been considered for planning, analysis and design of
structures.
 Plan of the building must be symmetrical as for as possible.

 With the increase of building height followed with very less width of the building are
more venerable to wind forces and seismic forces. Hence, suitable aspect ratio of
height to width must be examined for achieving economy in the project cost.
 Soft storey must be avoided at first floor level as it is venerable to seismic effects
however soft storey effects can be minimized by increasing the stiffness of column
without infill to match with the stiffness of higher storey columns with infill walls.
 Good construction practices must be followed.
 Ductile detailing must be done for the reinforcement in columns and beams.
 ETABS software is found to be most suitable for analysis and designing of RC
Structures.

Literature Review
2.4 Aim:
To analyze and design multi-storied residential apartments using ETABS Software.
2.5 Objectives:
 To conduct literature survey on design aspects of multi-storied building.

 To prepare detailed building plan compressing of 2BHK and 3BHK Residential
apartments.
 To identify various structural elements and fix their dimensions considering various
loads as per BIS Codes.
 To analyze and design the structure using E-TABS software.
 To draft and present the design details.
2.6 Methodology for Objectives:

 A detailed literature survey is carried out which is related to design aspects of Multi-
storied buildings with reference to different types of loads, configuration of Structural
elements and use of software in design aspects of structural elements in Multi-storied
buildings.
 A detailed building plan is prepared as per the requirements of functional and aesthetic
aspects for residential apartment consisting of two bed room house kitchens and three
bed room house kitchen accommodation to be provided in four storeys.
 The various structural elements such as columns, beams and slabs are identified and
their dimensions are arrived based on various types of loads such as dead load, live
load, wind load and seismic force which are considered as per the B.I.S CODES IS:875
(parts 1 – 5)
 The analysis and design of the structure is carried out using ETABS software.
 The structural elements are designed as per the provisions of IS 456:2000
Using ETABS software and design details are presented in automated drawings.

Design
Chapter 3
Design
3.1 Details of the Project Design:
The present design of multistoried residential apartments is located in Rajarajeshwari Nagar.
The dimensions of the vacant site measures 16.85m on the road front along east to west and
30.35m depth along north to south. Since the site is located in a residential layout, it is
proposed to construct along with 4 numbers of 2BHK and 4 numbers of 3BHK apartments
along 5 stories with first storey to be used as parking space along with other amenities. The
super built-up area of each 2BHK house is 93. 99sq.m and for 3BHK is 118.81sq.m. The
additional common amenities such as staircase, lift and corridor amounts to 37. 74sq.m for
each floor. The design of this project is carried out by various methodologies as listed in 2.6
3.2 Detailed descriptive for various methodologies:
Details obtained from literature survey:

 With the placement of 2BHK and 3BHK adjacent to each other the best possible
symmetry has been obtained in building plan
 The height to width ratio of the building is 18/10.1 = 1.78 ˂ 4. Hence the gust factor
approach of wind need not to be considered for the wind loads.
 Ductile detailing of reinforcement has been incorporated in the design process.
Preparation of building plan for the residential project:

The detailed building plan has been prepared by considering the setback norms as stipulated
by BBMP to which Jurisdiction the proposed site exist. The automated building plan is
prepared by considering the functional aspects of a residential building and the automated
drawings are presented in the following plates:

Design
Identification of various structural elements and to fix their

dimensions:
The basic steps involved in fixing the cross-section dimensions of the elements are as listed
below:
1. The various loads and their combinations which may act on the structure are as listed
below:
I. Dead load of materials as per IS 875 Part -1
a. Plain concrete= 24 kN / m3
b. Reinforced cement concrete= 25 kN/m3
c. Cement block masonry 150 mm thick, 3 m high= 10.8 kN/m
d. Floor finish (Granite floor laid on 50 mm thick mortar) 1.7 kN/
m2
e. Cinder fill (0.35 m thick) = 2.75 kN/m2
f. Water proof course (62 mm thick) =1.48 kN/m2
g. Ceiling plaster (15mm thick) =0.48 kN/m2
II. Imposed loads as per IS 875 Part- 2
a. Imposed loads for residential floors= 2kN/m2

b. Imposed load for staircase = 3kN/m2
c. Imposed load for roof slab (for accessible) = 1.5 kN/m2
d. Imposed load for water tank (2.25 m depth) = 22.07 kN/m2
III. Wind loads considered as per IS 875 Part – 3
a. Place of the project site: Bengaluru City

b. Basic wind pressure = 33 m/s
c. Probability factor (Risk coefficient) k1 = 1 (for all general
buildings and structures)
d. Terrain, height and structure size factor:
Terrain category = 4

Design
Building class = Class B (Maximum horizontal dimension

23.35m which is between 20 and 50m)
Hence k2 = 0.76
e. Topography factor:
The ground is fairly level with upwind slope less than 3
Degrees hence k3 = 1
f. External pressure coefficients:
h/w = 1.95, l/w = 2.31
hence from table 4,
Windward coefficient = +0.7
Leeward coefficient = -0.4
IV. Seismic Forces as per IS 1893 Part -1
a. Place of construction: Bengaluru

b. Seismic zone = II
c. Zone factor, z = 0.1
d. Importance factor, I = 1 (Table 6, for all other buildings)
e. Time period:
T = 0.1 x n
n = 7 (number of stories)
T = 0.7 seconds
f. Response reduction factor:
R = 3 (Table 7, for ordinary reinforced concrete moment
resisting
frame)
g. Nature of the foundation soil: Medium soil type – 2
V. Various loading combinations considered for analysis:

1) 1.5 (DL +LL)
2) 1.5 (DL+EQX)
3) 1.5 (DL-EQX)
4) 1.5 (DL+EQY)
5) 1.5 (DL-EQY)

Design
6) 1.2 (DL+LL+EQX)
7) 1.2 (DL+LL-EQX)
8) 1.2 (DL+LL+EQY)
9) 1.2 (DL+LL-EQY)
10) 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQX
11) 0.9 DL – 1.5 EQX
12) 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQY
13) 0.9 DL – 1.5 EQY
14) 1.5 (DL+WX)
15) 1.5 (DL-WX)
16) 1.5 (DL+WY)
17) 1.5 (DL-WY)
18) 1.2 (DL+LL+WX)
19) 1.2 (DL+LL-WX)
20) 1.2 (DL+LL+WY)
21) 1.2 (DL+LL-WY)
22) 0.9 DL + 1.5 WX
23) 0.9 DL - 1.5 WX
24) 0.9 DL + 1.5 WY
25) 0.9 DL – 1.5 WY
VI. Load for lift system:
a. Average weight of 10 persons = 7.5 kN

b. Weight of the lift cage = 10 kN
c. Counter weight = 17.5 kN
d. Motor accessories on the lift floor = 5 kN/m2
2. The cross-section dimensions of the various elements are proportioned as listed

below:
I. Columns: The loads on the columns were estimated by approximate
influence area method and for this load, the columns were designed as
a short axially loaded column with longitudinal reinforcement of 0.8%
of gross area. From this calculation, the cross-section dimensions of

Design
the column were fixed as 300 X 700 mm for peripheral columns and
230 X 600 mm for inner columns.
II. Beams: The dimensions of the beam were fixed as per the span to
depth ratios specified in IS 456 and the widths of the beam were kept
equal to that of the column width. Hence the dimensions of the beam
were found to be 230 X 500 mm for most of the cases and hence the
same dimensions were used for all the beams.
III. Slabs: The depths for the slabs are obtained by the manual design of
slabs for actual loads hence the dimensions of the slab are specified in
the slab design.
Analysis and design of Structural elements using E-TABS:
The design process is initiated with manual design of slabs for actual loads. The manual
design of various slabs is as shown below:
1. Design of slabs:
I. Slab Identity: Slab - S1
Ly =3.7 m
Lx= 3.4 m
Ly/lx =3.7/3.4 =1.08~1.1 <2 (hence two-way slab)
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D = 30
Over all depth, D = 3400/30 =113.33~ 135mm
D =135 mm
Let us consider 8 mm dia bars and effective cover of 25 mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135-25 = 110mm
d = 110 mm
2. Load calculations:

Design
Dead Load of slab = D x density
= 0.135 x 25 = 3.35 kN/m
Live load = 2 kN/m
Floor Finishing (considering granite floor) = 1.7 kN/m
Ceiling plaster = 0.48 kN/m
Total load = 7.55 kN/m
Ultimate load W = 1.5x7.55 = 11.33 kN/m
3. Bending Moment:
Since two adjacent edges of slab is discontinuous, bending moment

coefficient for this condition is referred from table 26 from the code IS
456: 2000
Ly/lx =1.1
From IS 456: 2000,
αx = ‘-ve’ = 0.053
αx = ‘+ve’ = 0.04
αy = ‘-ve’ = 0.047
αy = ‘+ve’ = 0.035
Along short span Mux = αx * w * lx2
Mux -ve = 0.053 x 11.33 x 3.42= 6.941 kN-m
Mux +ve =0.04 x 11.33 x 3.42 = 5.23 KN-m
Along long span My = αy x w x lx2
Muy -ve = 0.047 x 11.33x3.42=6.15 KN-m
Muy +ve = 0.035 x 11.33 x 3.42= 4.58KN-m

Design
4. Check for depth:
Taking maximum moment M = 6.94 kN-m
Mu lim = 0.138 x fck x b x d2
6.94 x 106 = 0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
dreq = 44.85 mm
dprov = 110 mm
d prov > dreq Safe in depth
5. Area of tension steel:
(1) Along short span
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x [1- (Ast x fy/b x d x fck)]
6.94 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast -ve=179.61 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (179.61)} x 1000= 279.85 mm ~ 270 mm
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
Provide 8mm ⱷ @ 270 mm c/c
5.23 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast +ve = 134.42 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (132)} x 1000= 380.79 mm

Design
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
(2) Along long span
d= 110 - 8= 102mm
6.15 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102[1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]
Ast -ve= 171.8 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mmⱷ = [(π/4 x 82)/171.8] x 1000 = 292.58 mm ~ 290 mm
3D = 3 x 102 = 306mm
4.58 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102[1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]
Ast -ve= 124.98 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mmⱷ = [(π/4 x 82)/144] x 1000 = 349.06 mm
3D = 3 x 102 = 306mm ~ 300 mm
Provide 8mmⱷ @ 300mm
6. Check for deflection:
L/d = (L/d) provided x K1 x K2 x K3
= 26 x k1 (for continuous slab p-37)
% tension reinforcement = 100 Ast / bd
= 100 x 179.61/100 x 110 =0.16
(L/d) provided = 26 x 1.8 = 46.8
(Le/d) actual= 3.55 x 1000/110

Design
= 32.3< 46.8
Hence safe in deflection.
Reinforcement details of the slab are shown in Figure 3.1
Figure 3.1 Floor Slab S - 1

II. Slab identity: Floor Slab-S8
Ly = 4.35m
Lx = 1.50m
Ly/Lx = 4.35/1.50 = 2.9>2(one-way slab)
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D =2.6m
Over all depth, D =1500/26 =57.72mm ≈ 135mm
D = 135mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135-25 = 110 mm
d = 110 mm

Design
2. Load calculation:
Dead Load = 0.135 x 25 = 3.37 kN/m2
Live Load = 2.0 kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.7 kN/m2
Ceiling plaster = 0.48 kN/m2
Cinder Ash = 2.75 kN/m2
Total weight = 10.305 kN/m2
Ultimate load W= 1.5 x 10.305 = 15.457 kN/m2
3. Bending moment:
Mu = W x lx2/8 = 15.457 x 1.652/8 = 5.26 kN-m
4. Check for depth:

5.26 x 106 = 0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
d req = 39.04 mm < d prov (safe in depth)
5. Area of steel:
5.26x 106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1 – (Ast x 415/ 1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast= 135.2 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132 mm2
Spacing = [(π/4 x 82)/ (135.2)] x [1000] = 371.78 mm

3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
Provide 8mm ϕ @ 330 mm c/c
6. Distribution steel:
Area = 132 mm2
Spacing = [(π/4 x 82)/ 132] x 1000 = 380.79 mm
5d = 370 mm

Design

= (100 x 132/1000x110) = 0.14
K1 = 1.5
(l/d) provided = 1.5 x 26 = 39
(l/d) required = 1650 /110 = 15 < 46.8
Reinforcement details of the slab are as shown in Figure 3.2
Figure 3.2 Floor Slab S-8

III. Lift room: Floor slab
Ly =2.65 m
Lx= 2.15 m
Ly/lx =2.65/2.15 =1.2 ≈ 2 < 2 (hence two-way slab)

Design
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D = 30
Over all depth, D = 2150/30 =71.66 ≈135mm
D =135 mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135-25 = 110mm
d = 110 mm
= 0.135 x 25 = 3.37 kN/m
Live load = 5 kN/m
Floor Finishing (considering granite floor) = 1.7 kN/m
Ceiling plaster = 0.48 kN/m
Total load = 10.55 kN/m
Ultimate load W = 1.5x10.55 = 15.82 kN/m
3. Bending Moment:
Since four edges of slab is fixed, bending moment coefficient for the
condition is considered from table 27 from the code IS 456: 2000
Ly/lx =1.2
From IS 456: 2000,
αx = 0.084
αy = 0.059
Along short span Mx= αx x w x lx2

Design
Mx = 0.084 x 15.82 x 2.152
Mx= 6.14 kN/m
My= 0.059 x 14.52 x 2.152
My = 4.31 kN/m
4. Check for depth:
Taking maximum moment M = 6.14 kN/m
6.14 x 106=0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
D req = 42.18 mm
d prov = 75 mm
d prov > d req Safe in depth
6.14 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast= 158.38 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (158.38)} x 1000= 317.37 mm ≈ 310 mm
3d = 3 x 110=330 mm
(2) Along long span

Design
d= 110 – 8 = 102 mm
4.31 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]
Ast = 119.35 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132 mm2
3D = 3 x 102= 306 mm ≈ 300 mm
Provide 8mmⱷ @ 300 mm
= 100 x 132/1000 x 110=0.12
(L/d) provided = 26 x 1.3 = 33.8
(Le/d) actual= 2.3 x 1000/110
= 20.9 < 33.8 Hence safe in deflection.
Reinforcement details of the slab are as shown in Figure 3.3

Design
Figure 3.3 Lift room floor slab
The design details of one way floor slabs are presented in Table 3.1
Table 3.1 One way floor slabs
Sl. Depth of the slab Slab Designation Steel for main Distribution
No (mm) reinforcement Steel
1 135 S2 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
320mm c/c 340mm c/c
2 135 S4 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 340mm c/c
3 135 S8 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 370mm c/c
4 135 S14 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 340mm c/c
5 135 S16 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 340mm c/c

Design
The design details of two way slabs are presented in Table 3.2
Table 3.2 Two-way floor slabs

Sl. Depth of Slab Long Span Short Span
No Slab (mm) Designation Span m Support Span Support
Moment Moment Moment Moment
1 135 S1 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
270mm c/c 330mm c/c 290mm c/c 300mm c/c
13 135 Lift slab 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @

Design
IV. Slab identity: Roof Slab S1
Ly =3.7 m
Lx= 3.4m
Ly/lx =3.7/3.4 =1.08≈1.1 <2 (hence two-way slab)
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D = 30
Over all depth, D = 3400/30 =113.33≈ 135mm
D =135 mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135-25 = 110 mm
d = 110 mm
= 0.135 x 25 = 3.375 kN/m2
Live load = 1.5 kN/m2
W.P.C (62mm thick with water Proofing condition) = 1.48 kN/m2
Total load = 6.835 kN/m2
Ultimate load W = 1.5x6.835 = 10.25 kN/m2
3. Bending moment:
Since two edges of slab is discontinuous, bending moment coefficient

for the condition is referred from table 26 from the code IS 456: 2000

Design
Ly/lx =1.1
From IS 456: 2000,
αx = ‘-ve’ = 0.053
αx = ‘+ve’ = 0.04
αy = ‘-ve’ = 0.047
αy = ‘+ve’ = 0.035
Mux -ve = 0.053 x 10.25 x 3.42= 6.28 kN-m
Mux +ve =0.04 x 10.25 x 3.42 = 4.74 KN-m
Muy -ve= 0.047 x 10.25 x 3.42 = 5.56 kN-m
Muy +ve = 0.035 x 10.25 x 3.42 = 4.14 kN/m
4. Check for depth:
6.28 x 106=0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
d req = 42.66 mm
d prov = 110 mm
d prove > dreq Safe in depth.
6.28 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]

Design
Ast -ve=162.08 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (162.08)} x 1000= 310.12 mm ~ 310 mm
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
4.74 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast +ve= 121.57 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min = 132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (132)} x 1000= 380.79 mm ~ 380 mm
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
(2) Along long span
d= 110-8= 102mm
5.56 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]
Ast -ve = 154.87 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132mm2
Spacing of 8 mmⱷ = [(π/4 x 82)/154.87] x 1000 = 324.54 mm
3D = 3 x 102 = 306 ≈ 300 mm
Provide 8mmⱷ @ 300mm C/C
4.14 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]

Design
Ast +ve = 114.55 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132mm2
3D = 3 x 102 = 306 ≈ 300 mm
Provide 8mmⱷ @ 300mm C/C
(L/d) required = (L/d) provided x K1 x K2 x K3
% tension reinforcement = 100 Ast / bd = 100 x 162.08/100 x 110 =0.15
(L/d) provided = 26 x 1.7 = 44.2
(Le/d) required = 3.55 x 1000/110
= 32.27 < 44.2
Figure 3.4 Roof Slab S-1

Design
V. Slab Identity: Roof Slab-S8
Ly = 4.35m
Lx = 1.50m
Ly/Lx = 4.35/1.50 = 2.9>2(one-way slab)
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D =2.6m
Over all depth D =1500/26 =57.72mm ~ 135mm
D = 135mm
Let us consider 8mm dia bars and effective cover of 25 mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135 - 25 = 110 mm
d = 110 mm
2. Load calculation:
DL = 0.135 x 25 = 3.35 kN/m2
LL = 1.5 kN/m2
W.P.C (62mm thick with water
Proofing condition) = 1.49 kN/m2
Total weight = 6.845 kN/m2

Ultimate load W=1.5 x 6.845 = 10.26 kN/m2
3. Bending moment:
Mu = W x lx2/8 = 10.26 x 1.652/8 = 3.49 kN-m

Design
4. Check for depth:

3.49 x 106 = 0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
d req = 31.8 mm < d prov (safe in depth)
5. Area of steel:
3.49 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1 – (Ast x 415/ 1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast= 89.07 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x1000x110 = 132mm2
Spacing = [(π/4 x 82)/ (132)] x [1000] = 380.79mm
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
Area = 132 mm2
Spacing = [(π/4 x 82)/ 132] x 100 = 380.79 mm ~ 380 mm
5d = 5 x 110 = 550 mm


= (100 x 132/1000x110) = 0.12
K1 = 1.3
(l/d) provided = 1.3 x 26 = 33.8
(l/d) required = 1650 /110 = 15 < 33.8

Design
Figure 3.5 Roof Slab S-8

VI. Lift room: Roof Slab
Ly =2.65 m
Lx= 2.15 m
Ly/lx =2.65/2.15 =1.2≈2 (hence two-way slab)
1. To fix depth:
Lx/D = 30
Over all depth, D = 2150/30 =71.66≈ 135mm
D =135 mm
Effective depth (d)
d = 135-25 = 110 mm

Design
d = 110 mm
= 0.135 x 25 = 3.375 kN/m2
W.P.C (62mm thick with water Proofing condition) = 1.48 kN/m2
Ultimate load W = 1.5 x 6.835 = 10.25 kN/m2
3. Bending moment:
Since all four edges of slab is discontinuous, bending moment

coefficient for the condition is referred from table 26 from the code IS
456: 2000
Ly/lx =1.2
From IS 456: 2000,
αx = ‘+ve’ = 0.072
αy = ‘+ve’ = 0.056
Mx = 0.072 x 10.25 x 2.152
Mx= 3.41 kN-m
My= 0.056 x 8.94 x 2.152
My = 2.65 kN/m

Design
4. Check for depth:
3.41 x 106=0.138 x 25 x 1000 x d2
d req = 31.43 mm
d prov = 110mm
d prove > d req Safe in depth.
3.41 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 110 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 110 x 25)]
Ast= 87.01 mm2
Ast min = (0.12/100) x 1000 x 110
Ast min =132 mm2
Spacing of 8 mm ⱷ = {(π/4) x 82/ (132)} x 1000= 380.79 mm
3d = 3 x 110 = 330 mm
(2) Along long span (My = 1.32 kN/m)
d= 110 – 8 = 102 mm
2.65 x 106=0.87 x 415 x Ast x 102 [1-(Ast x 415)/ (1000 x 102 x 25)]
Ast = 72.82 mm2
Ast min = [(0.12 / 100) x 1000 x 110] = 132 mm2

Design
3D = 3 x 102 = 306 ~ 300 mm
Provide 8mmⱷ @ 300 mm C/C
% tension reinforcement = 100 Ast / bd = 100 x 132/1000 x 110 = 0.12
(L/d) provided = 26 x 1.3 = 33.8
(Le/d) required = 2.3 x 1000/110
= 20.9 < 33.8
Figure 3.6 Lift Room Roof Slab

Design
The design details of one way roof slabs are presented in Table 3.3
Table 3.3 One way roof slabs
Sl. Depth of the slab Slab Designation Main Distribution

No (mm) reinforcement Steel
1 135 S2 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 380mm c/c
2 135 S4 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 380mm c/c
3 135 S8 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 380mm c/c
4 135 S14 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 380mm c/c
5 135 S16 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @
330mm c/c 380mm c/c
The design details of two-way roof slabs are presented in Table 3.4
Table 3.4 Two-way roof slabs

Design
Sl. Depth of Slab Long Span Short Span

No the slab Designation Span Support Span Support
(mm) Moment Moment Moment Moment
1 135 S1 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia 8mm dia
310mm c/c 330mm c/c @300mm @300mm
c/c c/c
310mm c/c 330mm c/c @300mm @300mm
c/c c/c
310mm c/c 330mm c/c @300mm @300mm
c/c c/c
13 135 Lift slab 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @ 8mm dia @

Design
The load details for the flight spanning step number 1to step number 7 is as shown in
Figure 3.7
Floor to floor height = 3 m
Rise = 0.15 m
Number of rise = 3/0.15 = 20 ≈ 21
Actual rise = 3/21 = 0.143 m
Tread = 0.3 m
Le = 3.4 + (0.2/2) + (0.2/2) = 3.6 m
Waist slab thickness = 3.4 x 0.04 = 0.136 m ≈ 150 mm
Therefore, thickness of waist slab = 150 mm
D = 150 mm
D = 150 – 25 = 125 mm
1. load calculation:
Self-weight of waist slab = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kN/m2
Weight of horizontal projection = 5.75 x √ (0.1432 + 0.32) / 0.3 = 4.15 kN/m2
Dead weight of steps = (0.5 x 0.3 x 0.143 x 25) / 0.3 = 1.79 kN/m2
Floor Finisher = 1.7 x √ (0.32 + 0.1432) / 0.3 = 1.88 kN/m2
Ceiling plaster = 0.48 x √ (0.32 + 0.1432) / 0.3 = o.53kN/m2
Live load = 3kN/m2
Total load = 11.35kN/m2
Figure 3.7 Step number 1 to 7

∑M @ A = 0
11.35 x 1.9 x 1.9/2 + 9.56 x 1.7 x ( 1.9 + 1.7/2 ) – RB ( 3.6 ) = 0
RB = 18.11 kN
∑V = (11.35 x 1.9) + ( 9.56 x 1.7 ) = 37.82 kN
RA = ∑V – RB = 37.82 – 18.11 = 19.71 kN
Waist slab of 40mm for 1m span = 5.35 x 40 = 214mm~200mm

Design
Self-weight = 0.2 x 25 = 5.0 kN/m2

Self-weight in horizontal projection = 5 x √ ( 0.1432 + 0.32 ) / 0.3 = 5.35 kN/m2
Self-weight of step = 1.79 kN/m2
Floor finisher = 1.88 kN/m2
The load details for the flight spanning step number 8 to step number 14 is as shown
in Figure 3.8
Figure 3.8 Step number 8 to 14
RC = RD = 10.94 x 1.775 + 12.73 x 1.8/2 = 30.87 kN/m2

M max = 30.87 kN-m
BM = 30.87 x (1.775 + 0.9) – 10.94 x 1.775 x (1.775/2 + 0.9) – 12.73 x 0.9 x 0.45
= 82.5772 – 34.7105 – 5.1556 = 42.71 kN-m
2. Check for depth:

Mu lim = 0.138 x fck x bd2
42.71 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d2
d req = 124.39 mm ≤ d provided
Hence safe in depth.
3. Area of steel:
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x [1 – Ast x 415/ b x d x fck]
42.71 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 125 x [1 – Ast x 415/ 1000 x 125 x 20]
Ast = 1175.78 mm2

Design
Spacing = (π x 122/4) / 1175.78 x 1000 = 96.18~100 mm

Provide 12 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c.
Area = 0.12 / 100 x 1000 x 150 = 180 mm2
Spacing = (π x 82/4) / 180 x 1000 = 279.85 mm~280 mm
Provide 8 mm dia @ 280 mm c/c.

l/d max = (l/d) basic x k1
100 Ast/ bd = 100 x 1175.78 / 1000 x 125 = 0.94
k=1
(l/d) basic = 20 x 1 = 20
But, (l/d) act = 3.4 x 1000 / 125 = 27.2
Therefore 20 < 27.2
3. Footing:
The design details Footings are presented in Table 3.5
Table 3.5 Footing details
SL. TYPE LENGTH WIDTH DEPTH REINFORCEMENT

NO Along X Along Y
direction direction
1 Footing 2.5 m 2.0 m 0.725 m 16mm ø @ 16mm ø
F1 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F2 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F3 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c

Design

F4 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F5 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F6 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F7 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
8 Footing 3.2 m 2.8 m 0.725 16mm ø @ 16mm ø
F8 m 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F9 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F10 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F11 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F12 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F13 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F14 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c

Design
15 Footing 16mm ø @ 16mm ø

F15 2.0 m 2.3 m 0.725 m 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
F16 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
17 Footing 3.0 m 3.5 m 0.725 16mm ø @ 16mm ø
F17 m 125mm c/c @ 150mm
c/c
18 Combined 2.3 m 5.4 m 1.0 m Top reinforcement
Footing
12mm ø @ 12mm ø
CF1
300mm c/c @ 300mm
c/c
Bottom reinforcement
16mm ø @ 16mm ø
80mm c/c @ 145mm
c/c
Footing 16mm ø @ 16mm ø
CF2 145mm c/c @ 145mm
c/c
16mm ø @ 16mm ø
110mm c/c @ 145mm
c/c
CF3 110mm c/c @ 110mm
c/c
16mm ø @ 16mm ø
110mm c/c @ 110mm
c/c

Design

CF4 110mm c/c @ 110mm
c/c
16mm ø @ 16mm ø
110mm c/c @ 110mm
c/c
CF5 175mm c/c @ 120mm
c/c
16mm ø @ 20mm ø
220mm c/c @ 100mm
c/c
CF6 300mm c/c @ 300mm
c/c
16mm ø @ 16mm ø
110mm c/c @ 90mm
c/c

Design
4. Verification of E-TABS design by manual procedure for beam:

Load combination: DCon 46
Beam Identification: B-6 Storey 1
Support moment as analyzed by E-TABS = 73.79 kN/m
Width of the section b = 230 mm
Over all depth of the section = 500 mm
Effective cover to reinforcement = 50 mm
Concrete grade = M25
Steel grade = Fe 550
Limiting moment capacity of the section = 156.026 kN/m
Since the design moment is less than the limiting moment capacity of the section,
it is signally reinforced section
Reinforcement is obtained from expression G-1.1 b Annex G of IS 456:2000
Ast obtained from the above expression = 357.01 mm2
Steel reinforcement calculated by E-TABS software = 384 mm2
Hence E-TABS estimates reinforcement quantity by 4.28% more than manual
calculations. This could be due to the action of secondary torsional effects.
Design for shear reinforcement
Design shear force = 42.037 kN
Nominal shear stress (τv) = 42.37 x 103 / (230 x 450) = 0.406 N/mm2
ASt = 2 nos of 16 mm dia bars = 401.92mm2
100 x Ast / (b x d) = 0.388
From table 19, design shear strength τc = 0.431N/mm2
Now τc. > τv hence let us provide minimum shear reinforcement (as per clause
23.5.1.6)
Let us use 8mm dia 2 leg stirrups therefore spacing of stirrups sv 522.86mm
c/c but sv must not be greater than 0.75d
therefore, let us provide 8mm dia 2 leg stirrups @ a spacing of 330mm c/c
design shear reinforcement / m length by manually = 297.8 mm2
design shear reinforcement / m length by E-TABS = 254.94 mm2

Design
5. Verification of E-TABS design by manual procedure for column:

Load combination : DCon 46
Column identity – C- 20 Storey 1
Column size – 300 mm x 700 mm
Concrete grade = M30
Steel grade = Fe 500
Axial load = 1360 kN
Mux (M2) = -7.7284 kN - m
Muy (M3) = 57.2892 kN - m
Calculation of eccentricity:
ex = (l/500) + (b/30) = (2100/500) + (300/30)
ex = 14.2 ≤ 20 mm.
ey = (l/500) + (450/30) = (2100/500) + (700/30)
ey = 27.53 > 20 mm.
Therefore, consider eccentric moment
Mux = 27.2 kN - m
Muy = 57.29 kN - m
Reinforcement About XX – Axis:
d' / D = 40 / 300 = 0.16
Pu / fck x bd = (1360) / (30 x 300 x 700) = 0.21
Assuming,
Pt = 0.65%
Pt /fck = 0.65/30 = 0.021
From chart, no 47 of sp-16
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.032
Mux1 = 132 kN-m > 27.53 kN-m Hence OK
Reinforcement About YY – Axis:
d' / D = 40 / 700 = 0.07
From SP: 16, Chart 48
Muy / (fckbD2) = 0.075
Muy1 = 330 KN-m > 57.29 kN-m Hence OK
Calculate Puz:
From chart-63 of SP 16

Design
Corresponding to p =0.65%, fy = 500 MPa, fck = 30 Mpa

Puz/Ag = 15.3 N/mm2
Puz = 15.3 x 300 x 700 = 3214 kN
Check the capacity of the assumed section:

Pu/Puz = 1360/3214 = 0.42
Mux/Mux1 = 27.53/132 = 0.21
Muy/Muy1 = 57.29/330 = 0.17
∝ = 2/3+5/3(Pu/Puz)
∝ = 2/3+5/3(0.42) =1.36
Hence, (Mux / Mux1)∝ + (Muy / Muy1)∝ ≤ 1.0
(0.21)1.36 + (0.17)1.36 = 0.21 ≤ 1.0
Hence it is safe.
p = 0.65 < 0.8
Provide, As = p x b x D / 100 = 0.8 x 300 x 700 / 100 = 1680 mm2
Provide 15 No’s - 12 dia. bars
Lateral ties.
Adopt 8 mm diameter lateral ties.
Pitch of the lateral ties shall be the least of the following
1. Least lateral dimension = 300mm
2. 16 times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar to which it is tied = 16 x
12 = 192 ≈ 195 mm
3. 300 mm
Hence, adopt 8 dia bars @ 195 mm c/c as lateral ties.
6. Modeling of the structures in the E-TABS:

From the estimated dimensions of column, beam and slab thickness, the modeling
of the structure is carried out in E-TABS software. The screenshots of various
modeled details are as presented below:
The column dimensions were modeled in the ETABS as shown in Figure 3.9
Column dimension of 300 x 700 mm was modeled in ETABS software

Design
Figure 3.9 Modelling of column details in E-TABS

Beam dimensions of 230 mm x 600 mm was modeled in ETABS as shown in theFigure 3.10
Figure 3.10 Modelling of beam details in E-TABS

Design
The slab dimension of 120 mm thick was modeled in ETABS software as shown in
the Figure 3.11
Figure 3.11 Modelling of slab details in E-TABS

The footing slab thickness of 1000 mm was modeled in Safe software as shown in Figure
3.12
Figure 3.12 Modelling of footing details in SAFE

Design
The details of the column position in ETABS modeling is as shown in Figure 3.13
Figure 3.13 Column position

The modeling of the structure up to first floor in ETABS is as shown in Figure 3.14
Figure 3.14 Modelling of structure up to first floor

Design
The modeling of the entire structure is as shown in Figure 3.15
Figure 3.15 Modelling of entire structure

Design
Max displacement:
The storey displacement due to seismic wave acting along X direction is as shown in Figure
3.16
Figure 3.16 Storey displacement due to seismic wave acting along X direction
The storey displacement due to seismic wave action along Y direction is as shown in Figure
3.17

Design
Figure 3.17 Storey displacement due to seismic wave action along Y direction
The storey displacement due to wind load along X direction is as shown in Figure 3.18
Figure 3.18 Storey displacement due to wind load along X direction

The storey displacement due to wind load along Y direction is as shown in Figure 3.19
Figure 3.19 Storey displacement due to wind load along Y direction

Design
The displacement checks for seismic forces and wind loads are as presented in Table 3.6
Table 3.6 Dispalcement checks

Terrace level Loading cases Maximum Limiting Comments
(m) displacement displacement
(mm) H/500
19 Eq- X 39.9 42.5 < H/500
19 Eq-Y 42.00 42.5 < H/500
19 Wind-X 2.30 42.5 < H/500
19 Wind-Y 2.30 42.5 < H/500
Drift monitoring:
The drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along X direction is as shown in Figure
3.20
Figure 3.20 Drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along X direction
The drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along Y direction is as shown in Figure
3.21

Design
Figure 3.21 Drift monitoring due to seismic wave acting along Y direction
The drift monitoring due to wind load along X direction is as shown in Figure 3.22
Figure 3.22 Drift monitoring due to wind load along X direction

Design
The drift monitoring due to wind load along Y direction is as shown in Figure 3.23
Figure 3.23 Drift monitoring due to wind load along Y direction

The Drift checks for seismic forces and wind loads are as presented in
Table 3.7
Table 3.7 Drift checks
Storey number Loading cases Maximum drift 0.004(h) Comments

(mm) (mm)
4 Eq- X 2.55 12 < 0.004(h)
4 Eq-Y 2.70 12 < 0.004(h)
3 Wind-X 0.000168 12 < 0.004(h)
3 Wind-Y 0.000168 12 < 0.004(h)

Results and Discussion
Chapter 4
Results and Discussions
The building plans were prepared for the residential apartments as per the bye-laws of the
BBMP and also the guidelines obtained from the findings of the literature survey such to have
symmetrical plan, avoiding soft storey in the ground floor and also satisfying the functional
requirements for 2 BHK and 3 BHK units.
The columns and beams positions were fixed considering the structural and functional aspects.
Loads were estimated on the columns and beams by approximate influence area method and
from this the cross-section dimensions of the columns and beams were obtained as IS codal
provisions and latter, their adequacy was checked in E-Tabs software.
Design process was first carried out by manually designing the slabs followed by modelling
of the structure in ETABS by assembling the elements of columns, beams and slabs. Various
types of loads such as dead load, imposed load, wind load and seismic loads with various loads
combinations were applied in the ETABS software after which analysis and design was carried
out.
The safety of the structure was checked by storey drift and storey displacements. The check
for storey drift is carried out as per clause number 7.11.1 of IS 1893 code and the same is
presented in
Table 3.7. It was found that storey drift in each storey was within 0.004 times the storey height
and maximum displacement in the structure was within H/500. Similar checks were carried
out for maximum displacements and the same is presented in Table 3.6. The maximum
displacements were within the limiting range of H/500.
The design done by E-tabs was checked by manual procedure and no significant differences
were noticed. The reinforcement area calculated by E-tabs was marginally on higher side by
4 percent for beams, and no differences were noticed for columns.

The following plates are presented:
1. Typical floor plan

2. Column layout
3. Schedule of column
4. Footing details
5. Typical slab layout
6. Standard details of slab reinforcement
7. Beam details

Conclusions and future work
Chapter 5
Conclusions and Future Work
1. The building plan for the proposed project was done as per the norms of the B.B.M.P,
guidelines from literature survey and functional requirement of 2BHK and 3BHK
apartments.
2. The soft storey was avoided in the ground floor without infills by increasing the
stiffness of peripheral columns.
3. Analysis and design of the building was carried out using ETABS software for various
types of loads such as dead load, imposed load, wind load and seismic loads and their
combinations.
4. ETABS software calculates steel reinforcements marginally on higher side when

designs were checked manually.
5. The safety checks were done such as storey drift and storey displacement and they
were within the permissible limits as specified in Bauru of Indian standards.
6. The design details such as building plans and reinforcement detailing for the structural
elements has been presented in this report.

References
References
[1] A. Guleria, "Structural Analysis of a Multi storeyed Building Using ETABS for
different Plan configuration," International journel of engineering research and
technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 5, p. 5, 5 May 2014.
[2] B. M. Sontakke, A. S. Moon, K. B. Jibhnkar and A. S. Hirapure, "Sesimic behaviour of

soft storey RC Building during Earthquake," Intrnational journal on resent and
inovation trends in computing and communication, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 5, february 2015.
[3] P. Agarwal, S. Thakkar and R. Dubey, "Seismic performance of Reinforced Concrete

buildings during Bhuj earthquke of jan 26,2001," p. 23, 2001.
[4] V. B. Reddy, Y. Sagar, S. Vasam and S. P. Rao, "Effect of wind forces on Multi
storeyed structures," International journal in inovative research in advance
engineering (IJIRAE), vol. 2, no. 6, p. 5, JUNE 2014.
[5] A. Yassar, S. Nazar and M. Ismaiel, "Effects of Building configuration on Seismic

performance of RC building by Pushover Analysis," Open journal of civil engineering,
vol. 5, no. 2, p. 11, 22 may 2015.
[6] C. Rajesh, D. R. P. Kumar and S. Kandru, "Seismic performance of RC framed

buildings with and without infill walls," International journal of engineering research
and technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 10, p. 9, October 2014.
[7] V. K. Manikanta and D. D. Venkateswarlu, "Comparitive study on design results of a

multistoreyed building using STAAD PRO and ETABS for regular and irregular plan
configuration," International Journal of research sciences and advanced engineering
(IJRSAE), vol. 2, no. 15, p. 12, September 2016.
[8] M. Sabeer and G. D. Peera, "Comparision design results of RCC building using
STAAD PRO and ETABS software," International journal of innovative research in
advanced engineering (IJIRAE), vol. 2, no. 8, p. 6, August 2015.
[9] N. Kad, P. Mittal, S. Chutani and A. Tangri, "A comparision of the analysis and design
results of 4 storey using STAAD PRO and ETABS Software," International journal of
research (IJR), vol. 3, no. 5, p. 5, March 2016.
[10] P. P. A. S. R. Pandey and A. Herbert, "Comparision of design results of a structure

designed using STAAD PRO and ETABS software," International journal of civil and
structural engineering, vol. 2, p. 7, 2012.

[11] J. M. and A. J. Sweetlin, "Analysis of multi-storeyed building using E-TABS

software," International journal of research in engineering science and technologies,
vol. 2, pp. 42 - 48, May 2016.
[12] S. C. N. Goud and R. D. A. Chary, "Analysis and design of reinforced concrete

structural buiding (G+6)," International journal of scientific engineering and
technology research, vol. 5, no. 46, pp. 9458-9464, November 2016.
[13] IS-456:2000 Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice
[14] IS-875:Part-1:1987 Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures.
[15] IS-875: Part-2:1987 Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures.
[16] IS-875: Part-3:1987 Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures.
[17] SP-16 Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS-456.

Final Fullfill Report

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Final Fullfill Report

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREYED RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE

A Project Work submitted to

Visvesvaraya Technological University

SNEHA.S. TOGGI 1KG12CV041

Under the Guidance of

Mr. VEERENDRA KUMAR.M Mr. PRASHANTH.M

Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

SNEHA.S. TOGGI 1KG12CV041

in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering”

____________________ ___________________ _________________

Mr. Veerendra Kumar.M Dr. Vijayalakshmi Akella Dr. S N Sridhara

Associate Professor Professor and Head Principal

Name and Signature of Examiner-1 Name and Signature of Examiner-2

Department of Civil Engineering

SNEHA.S. TOGGI 1KG12CV041

SL No. USN No. Name of Student Signature with Date

1. 1KG12CV041 SNEHA.S. TOGGI ___________________

Date: Place: Bengaluru

SNEHA.S. TOGGI 1KG12CV041

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................iii

List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... v

List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... vi

1.1 Introduction to structural engineering projects: .......................................................... 1

1.2 Planning phase of engineering project: ....................................................................... 2

Site investigation: ................................................................................................. 2

Soil Exploration: ................................................................................................... 4

Safe bearing capacity of soil: ................................................................................ 4

Preparation of Building Plans: .............................................................................. 5

1.3 Design Phase of Engineering Projects: ....................................................................... 6

Guidelines for Column, Beams and Slabs: ........................................................... 6

Analysis of elements for member forces: ............................................................. 9

Design Philosophy: ............................................................................................. 10

1.4 Steps involved in RCC Design: ................................................................................. 10

Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 12

2.1 Plan configurations for multi-storied buildings: .................................................. 12

2.2 Comparison of different softwares used for designing structures: ....................... 15

2.3 Findings from literature survey: ........................................................................... 16

2.5 Objectives: ............................................................................................................ 17

2.6 Methodology for Objectives:..................................................................................... 17

3.1 Details of the Project Design: .................................................................................... 18

3.2 Detailed descriptive for various methodologies: ....................................................... 18

Details obtained from literature survey: ............................................................. 18

Preparation of building plan for the residential project: ..................................... 18

Identification of various structural elements and to fix their dimensions: ......... 19

Analysis and design of Structural elements using E-TABS: .............................. 22

Results and Discussions ...................................................................................................... 64

Conclusions and Future Work ............................................................................................ 66

b Width of beam and column section in mm

d Effective depth of beam and slab in mm

fck Characteristic compressive strength in N/mm2

fck’ Target average compressive strength in N/mm2

Ast Area of tension steel reinforcement

BBMP Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike

BIS Bureau of Indian Standards

EQX Earthquake load in X direction

EQY Earthquake load in Y direction

Mu-lim Limiting moment capacity of section

Pt Percentage of tensile steel

WX Wind loads in X direction

WY Wind loads in Y direction

mm c/c Spacing of reinforcement in mm Centre to Center

__________ _ _________