BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

City of Malolos, Bulacan

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GROUP NO. 4

Anselmo, Kimberly Allen B.

Flores, Cyrus R.
Manigao, Glenn Mark S.
Mercado, Mary Rose Joy P.
Salazar, Jhumer H.
Velasquez, Omega B.

BSCE-4A
YEAR/SECTION

ENGR. JOYCE EVANGELISTA

PROFESSOR
THREE BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF LUMBER BASED ON ITS USES/APPLICATION

1. Yard Lumber - Lumber intended for ordinary construction and building purposes.

Sub-categories: Common, Select

2. Factory/Shop Lumber - Lumber that's selected for remanufacturing purposes and intended for
non-structural applications.

Examples: doors, pencils, ladders, moldings, boxes, etc.

3. Structural Lumber (including dimension lumber) – Lumber that is visually and/or mechanically
(MSR) graded for its strength and physical working properties (appearance is secondary, unless
specified). Basic end-use classifications are organized by size classifications and performance
capabilities.

GRADES, USES AND APPLICATION

 Light Framing (2-4 inches thick and 2 inches and wider)
USES/APPLICATION: wall framing, plates, sills cripples and blocking.
 Stud grade lumber (2x2 up to 4x18)
USES/APPLICATION: for vertical uses, such as load bearing walls
 Structural Joists and Planks grades (2x5 up to 4x18)
USES/APPLICATION: floor joists, rafters, headers, small beams, trusses and general framing.
 MSR (Machined Stress-Rated) lumber (2x2 up to 2x12)
USES/APPLICATION: trusses, floor or ceiling joists or rafters.
 Finger-Jointed lumber long lengths
USES/APPLICATION: Because it is typically fabricated from dry material, it is exceptionally
dimensionally stable.
 Timbers are designed for construction uses where material larger than Joists, Planks and Studs is
required.
Two Timber Use Categories:
 Post and Timbers (5x5 and larger)
 Beams and Stringers (5 inches and thicker, width more than 2 inches greater than
thickness).
USES/APPLICATION: home, industrial, farm and in special engineered construction such as
bridges, auditoriums, stadiums and the like.
 Structural Decking (2-4 inches thick and 4 inches and wider)
USES/APPLICATION: for roofing and flooring and is valued for insulating and fire resistive
qualities
FINISHES DESIGNATIONS
NOMINAL SIZE- Nominal measurements traditionally refer to the size of the board when it was first
rough cut, before it was dried and planed (smoothed).

ACTUAL SIZE- Actual measurements are the actual final size of the lumber after it has been dried and
planed.

Nominal Size and Actual Size (Dimension Lumber)

The term dimension lumber refers to softwood species

(such as pine or fir) that are used in the building trades for
framing and other carpentry uses

In modern lumber practices, the boards are no longer

exactly 2 x 4 inches when first cut, but today's drying and
planning methods still leave the board 1 1/2 inches thick and 3
1/2 inches wide. The old standard of calling this board a 2 x 4
still remains, even though in today's lumber practices, the
board has never been 2 x 4 inches in size

Nominal Size and Actual Size (Hardwood Sizing)

The sizing standards used for hardwood lumber (such as oak, maple, birch, and mahogany) of the
type used in fine cabinetry and furniture is a bit more confusing.

Hardwood lumber is sized based on how many sides are surfaced. Surfaced refers to a finishing
process that smoothed the lumber to remove all saw marks.

In North America, hardwood lumber is usually specified using the quarter system, where a board
is identified by its thickness in quarters of an inch. For instance, hardwood trims that ends up being just
over 1" thick (surfaced on 2 sides) is called a five-quarter (5/4) board.

MANUFACTURING CLASSIFICATION OF LUMBER

 Rough Lumber
 Lumber that has been sawed but has not had its four longitudinal surfaces finished. Saw
marks show on each surfaces.
 Typically available in thicknesses from 1" (referred to as 4/4) to 4" (referred to as 16/4).
 It is used for furniture or specialty manufacturing where custom cutting and shaping is
required.
  Usually rough lumber is cut from trees such as oak, and may be available in a variety of sizes
for shipping.
 This lumber tends to be less costly and some people prefer working with it because it gives
them greater control.
 Rough sawn lumber is slightly larger than finished lumber, and it is available in a range of
sizes.

 Dressed Lumber
 Lumber whose surfaces have been finished (by planning or other means) so that the saw
marks on the surfaces are removed.
 Surfaced lumber has been surfaced by a machine on one side (S1S), two sides (S2S), one
edge (S1E), two edges (S2E), or combinations of sides and edges (S1S1E, S2S1E, S1S2, S4S).
 They are typically available in ¾" thicknesses and in limited widths and lengths.
 Usually easier for the less-equipped woodworker to use.
 Easy to see the grain, figure and color
 Uniform in thickness
 Lighter, costs less per board foot to ship

 Worked Lumber
 Lumber that has been dressed and has also been matched, shiplapped, or patterned.
 Typical patterns:

NSCP PROVISIONS ON DIMENSION/SIZE REDUCTION

 ASEP recognizes the need for an up-to-date structural code addressing the design and
installation of structural systems through requirements emphasizing performance.
 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP Volume I) is designed to meet these needs
through various model codes/regulation, generally from the United States, to safeguard the
public health and safety nationwide.
 This updated Structural Code establishes minimum requirements for structural systems using
prescriptive and performance-based provisions.

NSCP Volume I, 7th Edition, 2015

 Latest edition

Chapter 6: Wood

 Section 603.4.6: size of Structural Members

 Sizes of lumber referred to in this code are nominal sizes.
Computations to determine the required sizes of members shall be based on the net
dimension (actual size) and not the nominal sizes.
 The rough size lumber shall not be less than the nominal size and the reduction in the
face dimensions of dressed lumber shall not be more than 6mm of the nominal size.
 GENERAL RULE CONVERTING NOMINAL TO ACTUAL (SOFTWOOD) :
NOMINAL ACTUAL
 Less than 50 mm Reduced by 6mm
 50 mm to 150 mm Reduced by 9mm
 Greater than 150 mm Reduced by 12mm

 HARDWOOD
 Sold either rough sawn or surfaced on one, two, three, or all four sides
• S- Surface
• E- edge
For example:
• S2S- two opposite sides is surfaced
• S3S- surfaced s2s first, then one edge is ripped
• S4S- surfaced all sides
• S1SE – surfaced one side and one edge

WHAT IS BOARD FOOT?

 The amount of lumber is expressed in terms of Board Feet. A Board Foot is a piece of lumber 1
foot (12 inches) long, 1 foot wide and 1 inch thick which is equal to 144 cubic inches. If all
dimensions are expressed in inches, the amount in board feet is equal to: (t x w x l)/ 144.
 In the Philippines, it is customary to express width and thickness in inches while we use feet to
express length. So a 2 x 3 x 10 means 2 inches thick by 3 inches wide and 10 feet long piece of
lumber computed as (t x w x l)/12.

 Board Foot can be express in:

Abbreviation

1 Board Foot Bd Ft BF FBM

1000 Board Feet MBd Ft MBF MFBM
1000000 Board Feet MMBd Ft MMBF MMFBM
 Calculating Board Feet with Length in Inches
1. Measure the length, width, and depth in inches.
2. Multiply these three measurements together.
3. Divide the product by 144.
 Calculating Board Feet with Length in Feet (Philippines)
1. Measure the length in feet.
2. Measure the length in feet.
3. Multiply the three measurements together.
4. Divide the product by 12.
 Calculating Cost by Board Foot
1. Calculate board feet for each piece of wood.
 2. Add the board footage together.
3. Multiply by the price per board foot.

Did you know?

 The most expensive wood in the Philippines is Narra which cost 133.33+PHP/Board Foot.

(forestry.denr.gov.ph 2016)