ESCUELA POLITECNICA NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA

TURBOMACHINERY

ESTEBAN VALENCIA, PhD.

SEMESTER 2018-B

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 Mean-line analysis of the compressor stage,Velocity diagrams
and Thermodynamics of the compressors stage
Stage loss relationships and efficiency
Mean-line calculation through a compressor rotor
Preliminary compressor stage design
Multi-stage compressor performance
Homework(Three dimensinal effects)

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INTRODUCTION

Fig 1. Axial Compressor Flow

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INTRODUCTION

Axial compressor is as old as the reaction turbine

Before gave efficiencies less than 40 % for machines of high
pressure ratio
Before were used for blast furnace work, operating with delivery
pressures between 10 and 100 kPa
Now, low efficiency is attributed to ”Blade stall”
After(1926), for small stages and low pressure ratio stages
efficiencies of 90 % could be achieved

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INTRODUCTION

In turbine the flow relative is accelerated,in axial compressors

it is decelerated.
Performance depends of use category
↑ stage loading almost inevitably leads to some aerodynamic cons-
traint, that is more severe at ↑ Ma.
Wennerstrom (1989) reviewed low aspect ratio blading reaching
↑ loading capability, ↑ efficiency, and good range .
Flow within an axial-flow compressor is ↑↑ complex, subject of
many studies for many years

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MEAN-LINE ANALYSIS COMPRESSOR STAGE

Fig 2. Section of the Compression System of the RB211-535E4 Gas-Turbine Engine (courtesy of
Rolls-Royce plc)

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MEAN-LINE ANALYSIS COMPRESSOR STAGE

Fig 3. Development of the First Stage-Blade Rows and Inlet Guide Vanes

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MEAN-LINE ANALYSIS COMPRESSOR STAGE

Spanwise variations are neglected

Parameters determined average conditions
Blade height small compared mean radius
Flow invariant in the circumferential direction
A compressor stage comprised: rotor blade row followed stator
blade row
Blades upstream are inlet guide vanes and not part of first stage
Guide Vanes accelerate the flow rather than difusse it

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VELOCITY DIAGRAMS

Fig 4. Velocity Diagrams for a Compressor Stage

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THERMODYNAMICS OF COMPRESSOR STAGE

Fig 5. Velocity Diagrams for a Compressor Stage

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THERMODYNAMICS COMPRESSOR STAGE

Ẇp
∆W = = h02 − h01 = U (cθ2 − cθ1 )
ṁ

There is no radial shift of the streamlines across the rotor:

1 1
h1 + w12 = h2 + w22 or h01,rel = h02,rel
2 2

Across the stator h0 is constant, so:

1 1
h3 + c22 = h3 + c32
2 2

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LOSS RELATIONSHIPS AND EFFICIENCY

∆Wmin = h03ss − h01 = (h03 − h01 ) − (h03 − h03ss )

For ∆h = T ∆s ⇒ ∆Wmin = ∆W − T03 ∆sstage

∆Wmin ∼ T03 ∆sstage

ηtt = =1−
∆W h03 − h01

h3ss −h01 ∼ h03 − h01 − (h03 − h3ss ) ∼ 0,5c32 + T3 ∆s stage

ηts = = =1−
h03 − h01 h03 − h01 h03 − h01
p01,rel − p02,rel p02 − p03
Loss Coefficients : Yp,rotor = Yp,stator =
p01,rel − p1 p02 − p2
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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN
Determination of rotational speed and annulus dimensions

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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PRELIMINAR COMPRESSOR DESIGN

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES
Stage by stage design

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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ESTIMATION OF NUMBER OF STAGES

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MULTI-STAGE COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE
Understand all behaviour of system

Overall Pressure Ratio and Efficiency

Calculation pressure and temperature for each single stage
Similar stages are convenient to apply compressible flow analysis
Annulus Wall Boundary Layers

h03 − h01 = λU (cθ2 − cθ1 ) ; λ is a work done factor

Multi-Stage compressor annulus wall thicken ↑ rapidly

For λ recomended a value of 0.8-near to one
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 Fig 8. Axial velocity profiles in a compressor

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 Fig 9. Mean work done factor in compressors

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 Fig 10.NACIONAL)
(ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA Traverse Measurements Obtained
AXIAL - FLOW from a 12-Stage Compressor
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