An Introduction To Moroccan Arabic PDF

An introduction to Moroccan Arabic [by] Ernest T. Abdel-Massih.
Abdel-Massih, Ernest T.
Ann Arbor, MI : MPublishing, 2011.
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Published in 2011 by MPublishing
University of Michigan Library
©1973 Ernest T. Abdel-Massih
This volume is reprinted from the 1982 revised edition by arrangement
with the Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University
of Michigan
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FOREWORD
The preparation of this volume was initiated and supported
by the University of Michigan Center for Near Eastern and North
African Studies as part of its general program of research and
training on the languages and cultures of North Africa. A
number of studies in anthropology, history, and political science
have appeared and others are in preparation, as well as a complete
course in Middle Atlas Berber.
We are indebted to the Ford Foundation for the grants to
the Center that have made this work possible. We are most grate-
ful for the assistance of the people and government of Morocco
to our faculty and students.
First Edition
August, 1973
W. D. Schorger
V

INTRODUCTION
This book grew out of the great need for an introductory text in
Moroccan Arabic for college students. Most students beginning the study
of Moroccan Arabic in modern universities are prospective field
researchers in the social sciences, or linguists with special .interest
in the field of Arabic dialectology. To assure interest among such
users of this book, maintenance of a .level of linguistic and cultural
contact commensurate with their background and ability was felt to be
of great importance. With such considerations in mind, overly repetitive
sentences and sentence patterns .have been avoided.
This study was originally the product of a research project sponsored
by the Center for Near Eastern and North African .Studies at the University
of Michigan. Following .preliminary .research in Ann Arbor, a variety of
field materials was collected during the summer of 1969, in preparation
for the teaching of a course .in Moroccan Arabic during the 1969-1970
school year. A large number of field tapes were checked for linguistic
and cultural content by the author with the assistance of native speakers
of Moroccan Arabic. During the preparation .of course materials, all the
data were carefully .checked by the author with Mr. Ali Kanouni, a native
of Fez. This work resulted in the .publication of A Course in Moroccan
Arabic in .1970. The contents of this present book are a revision and
expansion of the units of the above-mentioned book.
The present volume consists of seven parts. Part 1-3 are available
on tapes and should be studied in order.
Part One, "Phonology", consists of detailed explanations
vi

of the phonological system of Moroccan Arabic, and twenty pronun-
ciation drills to acquaint the student with the system of trans-
cription employed here. This system is in striking contrast to other
systems of transcription used for Moroccan Arabic, particularly with
respect to tense consonants, short vowels, phonological structure of
words, etc. (see pp 1-38). It is advisable that the .student master this
system completely before beginning the units of the book. This mastery
can be achieved by repetition of the pronunciation drills with the help
of the language laboratory tapes.
Part Two, "Basic Units", is composed of ten units that present the
essential grammar of Moroccan Arabic. Part Three, "Conversations", is
comprised of ten units that introduce dialogues varying in length and
structural complexity with explanations of new grammatical points. The
conversations are designed to serve as an introduction to Moroccan
culture as well as reinforcing the basic patterns of the dialect.
Part Four, Appendix A, consists of twenty-four verb tables. Part Five,
Appendix B, the "Glossary of Technical and Grammatical Terminology",
presents, in a simple and concise manner, most of the terminology and
grammatical information that a .student of Moroccan Arabic will encounter
in using the language. It is hoped that it serves as a brief reference
grammar of the language. Part Six, "Lexica": Arabic-English and English-
Arabic, include all vocabulary items used in this volume, and in the
author's Advanced Moroccan Arabic, Center for Near Eastern and North
African Studies, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1973.
It is worth mentioning here that the .Advanced .Moroccan Arabic is entirely
based on this volume. It contains thirty-eight texts which are adapta-
tions of field tapes and serve as an introduction to Moroccan ethnology,
history, folklore and literature.
vii

Part Seven, xrayf 1ha, or Jeha Stories, is in Arabic script and also
in transcription. It consists of seven stories which all are on tape.
The preparation of this book has been made possible by the cooperation
of a number of individuals. In particular, I would like to express my
appreciation to Mr. Mohammed Mahmoudi for his helpful comments, construc-
tive suggestions and for his hard work with me. Many thanks are due as
well to Mr. Ali Kanouni, Mr. Mohammed Guerssel, and Mr. Mohammed Mahmoudi
for recording the units for use in the language laboratory. I would also
like to express my gratitude to Peggy, J. Owens for her devoted and most
conscientious efforts in typing the manuscript, and for her helpfulness
and great dependability throughout the work on this study.
To Loraine K. Obler, I owe an especial debt. I am deeply grateful to
her for her insightful observations and constructive suggestions during
the preparation of the manuscript. To her goes my sincerest thanks and
deepest appreciation for her interest and great assistance in the study.
I would like to thank Mr. Umar Hassan and Mr. Jamil Ragep for their
valuable assistance on the Enlgish-Arabic Lexicon.
I would like to express my thanks to Professor William D. Schorger
who as the Director of the Center for Near Eastern and North African
Studies initiated the program of research on North African languages
and linguistics at the University of Michigan and has whole-heartedly
supported it.
The Center defrayed the costs of research assistants, field trips,
typists, tapes and tape recordings, as well as providing me with the
time and opportunity to carry out the field research and analysis.
viii

As always, I am deeply grateful to my family and, in particular,
to my wife, Cecile, whose patience, constant encouragement and deep
understanding have sustained my efforts during the work on this book.
To Professor Ernest N. McCarus, who introduced me to the field
of Arabic dialectology, I present this study.
Ernest T. Abdel-Mass ih
Ann Arbor, Michigan
March 1982
ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ...... .0 0 0 0 v
Introduction ..* ..vi
PART ONE - PHONOLOGY...................... . 1
1. Introduction ............. .............2
2. Organs of Speech .. .......................2
Diagram .. ..........................3
3. Consonants and Semi-Vowel Inventory ... ..............4
3.1 Explanation of Terminology . . . ... . .. . .. 4
Diagram s. .. ................ ........6
3.2 Places of Articulation .. ....................10
3.3 Manner of Articulation. ............... ......10
3.4 Voiced - Voiceless .. ......................11
3.5 Emphatic - Plain. ................. .... ...11
3.6 Remarks on Pronunciation of Consonants and Semi-Vowels. . . 12
4. ?ronunciation Drills ... ....................13
4.1 Pronunciation Drill 1: Moroccan Arabic sounds that occur in
English. ................... .......13
4.2 / q , x , x, h,T , r I. .. ..................14
4.3 Pronunciation Drill 2: / q , x , Y ...............15
4.4 /h/.................................17
4.5 Pronunciation Drill 3: /h/........... .........17
4.6 I,..............................18
4.7 Pronunciation Drill 4: /T . .. ........ .........18
4.8 Pronunciation Drill 5: / x , , q,h , V /I. ...... ...18
5. Emphasis , Labialization, and Tenseness ... ..........19
5.1 Emphasis .... ........................ 19
5.2 Pronunciation Drill 6: Emphatic Consonants. .. ........20
5.3 Labialization. .. .........................21
5.4 Pronunciation Drill 7: Labialized Consonants. .. ....... 21
5.5 Tenseness. ... .................. ......22
5.6 Pronunciation Drill 8: Tense Consonants ... .........22
6. Moroccan Arabic Vowels................ ......22
6.1 Vowel Allophones........................23
6.2 faf/ . . .. . . . . .. . . . . 23
6.3 Pronunciation Drill 9: /a!. .. ................24

6.4 // . .. .................. ..........25
6.5 Pronunciation Drill 10: l //.. ................25
6.6 //..............................26
6.7 Pronunciation Drill 11: /u/...................26
6.8 Phonetic Schwa or Short Vowel.......... ........27
x

6.9
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
8.
8.1
9.
9.1
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
Pronunciation Drill 12: Phonetic Schwa .
Phonological Structure of Words . . . . . . . .
Stress ........
Pronunciation Drill 13: Consonant Clusters
Pronunciation Drill 14: C: , C:C , C:C: .
Diphthongs . . ... ... .... ....
Pronunciation Drill 15: Diphthongs . . . . . .
Interchange of Phonemes.. ....... ....
Pronunciation Drill 16: Interchange of Phonemes
General Pronunciation Drills .......
Pronunciation Drill 17 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pronunciation Drill 18. ...........
Pronunciation Drill 19 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pronunciation Drill 20 . . . . . .. .0....
27
27
29
29
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
36
37
PART TWO - BASIC UNITS
UNIT ONE
I.1 Text. .....
1.2 Grammatical Notes . . . . . . .
1. Noun gender ...
2. Definite article .
3. Noun-modifier agreement
4. Equational sentences . .
5. Noun-adjective phrases'.
I.3 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Grammatical Notes: Feminine in
1.5 Drill 1-. . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6 Vocabulary.... .......
I.7 Grammatical Note: Assimilation
1.8 Vocabulary. ..........
I.9 Drill 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.10 Drill 3.. ....... ....
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
. . .. . . . . . .
..........
/a#/.......
..........

111.2
111.3
111.4
111.5
111.6
111.7
111.8
III.9
III.10
III.11
111.12
111.13
111.14
111.15
111.16
11..1/.
111.18
111.19
111.20
IV.1
IV.2
IV.3
IV. 4
IV. S
IV. 6
IV. 7
IV. 8
IV.9
IV. 10
IV.11
IV.12
IV. 13
IV.14
IV.15
IV. 16
IV.17
Review-Drill 2
Text
Grammatical Notes
1. /was/
2.-6. Demonstr
Text . . . . . .
Drill 3 . . . . .
Drill 4 . . . . .
Text ..
Grammatical Note.
Text
Drill 5 . . . . .
Drill 6 . . . . .
Drill 7 . . . . .
Text .
Text .
Grammatical Notes:
Word Study List:
Drill 8 . . . . .
Drill 9 . . . . .
Drill 10 . . .
... .........
... .........
............
............
natives ........
.. ..........
.. ..........
.. ..........
.. ..........
Suffixed pronoun set
.. ..........
.. ..........

V.11
V.12
V.13
V.14
V.15
V.16
V.17
Drill 6.......
Text: Possession
Grammatical Notes:
Drill 7 . . . . . .
Drill 8 . . . . . .
Drill 9 . . . . . .
Drill 10 .
Possession
UNIT SIX
VI.1 Review-Drill 1
VI.2 Review-Drill 2
VI.3 Review-Drill 3
VI.4 Review-Drill 4
VI.5 Review-Drill 5-
VI.6 Review-Drill 6
VI.7 Review-Drill 7
VI.8 Text: How much? . . . . . . . . . .
VI.9 Grammatical Notes . . . . . . . . . .
1. Cardinal numerals 11 - 19
2. Verb form . . . . . . . . . .
VI.10 Drill 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI.11 Text: fktb/..
VI.12 Grammatical Note: Sound verbs
VI.13 Text: Sound verbs
VI.14 Drill 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI.15 Text: Form II verbs
VI.16 Grammatical Notes . . . . . . . . . .
1. Form II verbs
2. Derivations .......
VI.17 Text: Form II verbs .......
VI.18 Drill 10 ... . . . ......
VI.19 Text: Sentences for Practice .
VI.20 Drill 11 .... . ...
VI.21 Text: Imperatives . ...
VI.22 Grammatical Note: Imperative inflect
VI.23 Drill 12 ...... ........
VI.24 Drill 13 ....... .
UNIT -SEVEN
VII.1 Review-Drill 1 ........
VII.2 Review-Drill 2 . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.3 Review-Drill 3 .. . . . . . . . . .
VII.4 Text: Sentence conjunction . . . . .
VII.S Text: Ten Forms of sound verbs ..
VII.6 Grammatical Notes: Derived forms . .
VII.7 Text .. . .........
VII.8 Drill 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.9 Drill 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.10 Drill 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.11 Drill 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.12 Text: Yes-No questions . . . . . . .
VII.13 Drill 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VII.14 Text:. Imperatives . . . . . . . . .
VII.15 Grammatical Notes: Object pronominal
VII.16 Verb List.. . . . ....... ........
ions
97
97
99
100
101
101
101

VII .17
VII.18
VII.19
VII.20
VII.21
VII.22
VIII.1
VIII.2
VIII.3
VIII.4
VIII.5
VIII.6
VIII.7
VIII.8
VIII.9
VIII.10
VIII.11
VIII. 12
VIII.13
VIII.14
VIII.15
VIII.16
VIII.17
VIII.18
VIII.19
VIII.20
VIII. 21
VIII. 22
VIII.23
VIII.24
VIII.25
IX. 1
IX. 2
IX.3
IX. 4
IX.5
IX.6
IX. 7
IX.8
IX.9
IX.10
IX.11
IX.12
IX.13
IX.14
IX.15
IX.16
Drill 9 ..............
Drill 10
Grammatical Notes: Cardinal numerals
Drill 11 . ......... . .
Drill 12 ...... .
Grammatical Note: Third Person Direct
UNIT eIGHT
Review-Drill 1 ...........
Review-Drill 2 . . . . . . . . . . .
Review-Drill 3 ..... .....
Review-Drill 4 ..... .....
Text: Medial weak verbs ....
Grammatical Notes: Medial weak verbs
Drill 5.--....-..........
Text: Final weak verbs . . . . . . .
Grammatical Notes: Final weak verbs
Drill 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text: Final weak verbs . . . . . . .
Drill 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drill 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drill 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drill 10 ........ . ..

X.2 Review-Drill 2 166
X.3 Review-Drill 3 .......................167
X.4 Review-Drill 4 .. .....................168
X.5 Review-Drill 5 .. . . . . . . . .168
X-6 Text: Past habitual.....................171
X.7 Grammatical Notes......................172
1. / ka n/ as tense marker.................172
2. /radil/+ imperfect verbs................172
3. /x : /......... ................172
X-8 Drill 6................. ..........173
X-9 Text : Imperatives......................173
X.10 Grammatical Notes: Imperatives................174
X.ll Drill 7. .................... ......175
X.12 Text : Two-verb verb phrases......... ........173
X.13 Grammatical Notes: Two-verb verb phrases . . . . . . . . . 176
X.14 Text ... ...................... ......176
X.l5 Drill 8. .. ........................177
X.16 Text ........................ .....177
X.17 Drill 9. .... ......................17 9
X.18 Text : Asking directions...................180
PART THREE - CONVERSATIONS
UNIT ELEVEN
XI.1 Greetings......... .................186
XI.2 Proverbs................. .. .......195
UNIT TWEBLVE
XII.1 Phone Call. ................. . . . 19 7
Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . .198
XI I.2 Qulestions............. .............199
XI I.3 Proverbs. .......... ................199
UNIT THIRTEEN
XI II.1 With Ahmed' s Family.....................201
Vocabulary. .. ......................203
2(111.2 Grammatical Notes......................204
1. /Ilabd : ma!. .. ....................204
2 . /bas/I.. .......................204
3. Participles............ ..........204
4. Constructs............... .......206
5. Verbal Nouns .. ............. .......207
X I II.3 Questions. .. ........................209
XIII.4 Proverbs...........................209
UNIT FOURTEEN
XIV.1 At the Dinner Table......................211
Vocabulary............. ...........216
XIV.2 Grammatical Notes......................218
1. Ordinal numerals............. .......218
2. /wa lu/ 'nothing' .. ..................219
3. Object pronominal suffixes .. .............219
X.TV. 3 Questions. .. ........................223

XIV. 4 Proverbs .. ................................224
xv

UNIT FIFTEEN
XV.l Ahmed and George Meet in a Detroit Coffee Shop .. ......226
Vocabulary........................230
XV. 2 Grammatical Notes.......... ...... ......232
1. Ibayl:aI 'that' . . . .. . . . . 232
2. Comparatives and superlatives............ .233
3. Either... .or......................233
4. /ras/.................. ......233
XV.3 Questions..........................234
XV.4 Proverbs...........................235
UNIT SIXTEEN
XVI.l Ahmed and Lila Visit George and Mary.............237
Vocabulary ... ......................24 2
XVI..2 Grammatical Notes.......................245
1. /rna wale/.........................245
2. /bIhaII 'like' ... . . . . . . . .245
4. Ihad s: i makan . .....................45
5. /was/.. .. .................. ...46
6 . relative clauses ....................4
7. optionality of /ka-/............ .......46
XVI.3 Questions .. ............... ..........247
XVI.4 Proverbs...........................248
UNIT SEVENTEEN
XVII.l George and Mary Visit Ahmed and Lila.............250
Vocabulary. .. .....................253
XVII.2 Grammatical Notes.. .. ....................253
1. / ku n/ .. .............. .........255
2. / nuI . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .2555
3. /ai (i) .. ................ ......255
XVII.3 Questions . ................. .........256
XVII.4 Dinner at Ahimed and Lila' s. ..................256
Vocabulary. . . ......................259
XVII.5 Grammatical Notes :. ......................260
1. /qliI bas.../ . .. .. . ... .. .. .. . . . .260
2. /mafy a mat........................260
XVII.6 Questions...t. .............. .........260

XVII.7 Proverbs ... ........................261
UNIT EIGHTEEN
Mary and Lila
XVI II.1 A Phone Call..................... ..........263
Vocabulary .. ......... .... .. ... . .264
XVIII.2 Grammatical Notes .. ............... ......264
1. Ima i / futures . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . .264
2. /ma tnd k/ , Itdf assimilation. ..... ... .. ..264
3. I/an daba/.........................26S
XVI II.3 Questions .. ................ ...... .. ..266
XVIII.4 Mary Visits Lila............. ........ . 266
Vocabulary.............. ........ .....27 0

xvi

XVIII.5 Grammatical Notes . . .
1. Variants . . . .
2. Bedroom . . . .
3. Relative I:i.
4. Kinship terms
XVIII.6 Questions . . . . . . .
XVIII.7 Mary Visits Lila - Part
Vocabulary . . . . .
XVIII.8 Questions . . . . . . .
XVIII.9 Proverbs . . . . . . .
UNIT NIN.TEEN
George and Mary Arrive in Morocco
XIX.1 At the Airport in Sale
. .0
Vocabulary .
XIX.2 Grammatical Notes
1. 'used to'
2. possibility
3. /Yir/ . .
XIX.3 Questions . . . . . .
XIX.4 With Ahmed and Lila's
Vocabulary . . . .
XIX.5 Grammatical Notes . .
1. /xtq/ , /xlaq/
2. 'excellent'
3. /hadi amayn/
XIX.6 Questions ... . . . .
XIX.7 After Dinner . . .
Vocabulary . . .
XIX.8 Grammatical Notes: 'Z
XIX.9 Questions . . . . . .
XIX.10 Proverbs.. . . . .
t;
Family in Rabat
:he same'
272
272
272
272
272
276
277
279
280
281
283
285
286
286
286
287
287
288
291
292
292
293
293
294
294
298
299
299
300
302
304
304
304

XX.ll Grammatical Notes ... ...................318
2.. Structures with numerals . ' . .. . . . 318
2. Conditional sentences.................320
XX.12 Questions . ..........................321
XX.13 Proverbs. ..........................322
APPENDIX A - Verb Tables. ... ....................324
APPENDIX B - Glossary of Technical and Grammatical Terminology . " 351
LEXICA .............. ................380
Arabic-English .. ........................381
English-Arabic..........................409
ZHA STORIES - XRAYF ZHA 435
Text 1 - Jeha and the Clay Pots.................437
Vocabulary..........................438
Questions.............................
Arabic Text 1 - zha wlqdur .. ..................440
Text 2 - Jeha, His Son, and Their Donkey.............441
Vocabulary..........................441
Questions............................443
Arabic Text 2 - zha w:lidu w: dyalhum..............444
Text 3 - Jeha from Morocco and Jeha from Algeria .. ......445
Vocabulary ..........................445
Grammatical Notes - Conditional Sentences. ...... .....446
Questions ....................... ....448
Arabic Text 3 - zha ntaa imayrib Crd sla Tha nta~ a lz.'it bas
ytt : a .. ........ .. .............448
Text 4 - The Age of Jeha' s Uncle .. ..................449
Vocabulary, Questions. ...................449
Arabic Text 4 - ha itamu. .. ....................449
Text 5 - Jeha and the Donkeys. .. ................430
Vocabulary .. ........................450
Questions ...........................451
Arabic Text 5 - h1a wJJ~tmir ...................451
Text 6 - Jeha and the Ducks.....................452
Vocabulary .. .......................453
Questions ............................453
Arabic Text 6 - ha wlbrkat". .................454

Text 7 - Jeha from Duijdi and Jeha from Fez . .. .. . . ..455
Vocabulary. ..... ..................4S55
Questions. ...........................456
Arabic Text 7 - zha duzda wzha dfas.................456
INDEX................0........... .................457
x713.i

TABLES AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Map of Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Figure 1. - Diagram of the Organs of Speech . ... 3
Table 1. Moroccan Arabic Consonants and Semi-Vowels . . . . . . . 4
Figure 2. - Places of Articulation . . 6
Figure 3. - Tongue Position for /t/.... . . 7
Figure 4. - Tongue Position for /t/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 5. - Tongue Position for /s/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Figure 6. - Tongue Position for /s/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Table 2. - Moroccan Arabic Vowels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 3. - Moroccan Arabic Vowel Allophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Moroccan .Arabic Script Sample . . . . . . . .. ... .0. . . . . . 376
xix


wT. r
/4'
7&4ww"
ow-,d4j-
4w&;a
T.te daeeecut
d laht!
-.." ,&,&A ff
ININIPP, . W,

Map of Morocco
Sebta
Tetouan
Chechaouen
o Oujda
oVolubilis
o Fez 0
0 Taza
Meknes Sero
Azrou
Midelt
El Jad:
Saf i
Aga&:
Ifni,
Marrakesh
Ksar es Souk
Erfoud
Ouarzazate
Zagora
oGoulimine
DISTANCES FROM CASABLANCA IN-MILES
Al Boceima ..
Agadir ........
Azrou ........ .
Chechacuen ..
El Jadida .
Erf oud. .. .. ..
Fez ...........
Goulimine...
Larache .......
338
330
189
205
62
403
183
453
180
Marrakesh . .
Meknes.......
Midelt ..
Ouarzazate ..
Oujda .........
Rabat .........
Safi ......
Tangier....
Taza .......
Tetuian ........
149
146
267
273
403
58
158
236
257
248
ii

PART ONE
PHONOLOGY

Moroccan Arabic
Phonology
Moroccan Arabic 2 Phonology
PART ONE
PHONOLOGY OF MOROCCAN ARABIC
1. Introduction
Since we are primarily concerned here with spoken Moroccan Arabic
rather than the written form, it is only appropriate to begin this
volume with some discussion of the pronunciation. To help the student
pronounce the sounds of this foreign language, some details about the
organs of speech and the articulation of Moroccan Arabic sounds are
given here.
2. The Organs of Speech (See Figure 1)
The stream of air expelled by breathing passes out of the lungs and
is used for speech. The larynx is a cartilaginous box at the upper end
of the trachea or windpipe. The importance of the larynx in speech is
that it contains the vocal cords, or vocal folds which are two horizon-
tal folds of elastic tissue. The triangular space enclosed by the two
vocal cords is referred to as the glottis. The tongue has four sections:
the apex or tip, the blade or front, the dorsum or back, and the root
which forms the front wall of the pharynx. The tongue is one of the
most important movable articulators. The upper front teeth are
important in speech formation. Both the lps_ are of importance in
speech. The roof of the mouth could be divided into four parts: the
alveolar ridge, the convex portion of the mouth just behind the front
teeth; the hard palate, which is the portion behind the alveolar ridge ;
the velum or soft palate, which is the area behind the hard palate;
and, finally, the uvula, the small appendage that hangs down from the
very edge of the velum.
There are three major resonance cavities: the mouth, which is known
as the oral cavity, the nose or nasal cavity and the throat or the
pharynx; their main function in speech is to serve as resonators.


Lip
Lip
Upper
Lower
Phonology
Pharynxc
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic
3
Figure 1. - Diagram of the Organs of Speech

Phonology

Moroccan Arabic
Phonology
3. Consonants and Semi-Vowels
.0
as
0r
0d
4.1
Oo
swd
0S
CS
b8
0z
$.i
'-4
i->
i->
voiceless p* t k q
stop
voiced b d g
voiceless fs x h h
fricative
voiced v* z Y
nasal
voiced m n
lateral
voiced i
flap
voiced rr
semi-vowel
voiced w y
and Semi-Vowels
Table 1. Moroccan Arabic Consonants
*These phonemes occur in a few words borrowed from
French, e.g. /rapist/ . /lab:ist/ 'unpaved road,
trail' (French 'la piste'), /paris/ 'Paris' (French
'Paris'), /avri1/ ../abriI/ 'April' (French 'avril').
3.1 Explanation of Terminology
Speech sounds are usually described in terms of:
(a) Place of articulation, i.e. position of the speech organs during

the production of a sound, e.g. position of the tip of the tongue in
relation to the upper teeth is referred to as Dental when we pronounce
/t/ (notice that English /t/ is alveolar).
(b) Manner of articulation, i.e. the way in which the speech organs
perform during the production of a certain sound, e.g. when the lower

Moroccan Arabic
Phonology
and upper lips form a complete closure thus stopping the air flow as in
the case of a /b/ which is here termed "Stop".
(c) Voiced - voiceless, this refers to whether or not the vocal cords
vibrate. A voiced consonant is one which is accompanied by vibration
of the vocal cords; for examble /b/ in the English word "boy". A
voiceless consonant is one which is produced without any accompanying
vibration of the vocal cords; for example /f/ in the English word "foot"
The difference between voicing and voicelessness can be felt strongly
if one covers one's ears with one's hands, then pronounces the English
words "pear" and "bear" paying attention to /p/ and /b/.
(d) Emphasis: In addition to the above, Moroccan Arabic is charac-
terized by having a set of "Emphatic" consonants which are sometimes
referred to as either "Velarized" or "Flat".
An Emphatic consonant is one which is produced by pressing the blade
of the tongue against the palate so that the articulation is velarized
or alveolarized rather than just dental (See Figures 3-6). Table 1
lists / t d s Z I/ as the emphatic counterparts of the PLAIN
/ t d s z I r / . We will refer to / td s z ir Ias the "Primary
Emphatics". The occurrence of a primary emphatic consonant will cause
a plain consonant in the same syllable (sometimes in the preceding
and/or the following syllable) to become emphatic. This set of
changed consonants will be referred to as the "Secondary Emphatics".
The domain of the spread of emphasis is the syllable, which means that
a syllable has all or none of its sounds emphatic. This also means
that in Moroccan Arabic all of the consonants occur as both emphatic
and plain because of the influence of emphatic consonants on plain
consonants as explained above. .
The influence of emphatic consonants on vowels is very noticeable
to a non-native speaker. This is particularly clear with the vowel
/a/, when in the environment of an emphatic consonant. Listen to your
teacher pronouncing /tab/ = [t1b] 'to be cooked' with the a as in
English father, Bo, cot and then listen to him pronouncing /t ab/ =
[tab] 'to repent' with the a as in English cat, na, lac.

Now try pronouncing /lab/ and then /tab/ and notice when pronouncing
the first word how your tongue is drawn back, spread to the sides
completely filling your mouth with the dorsum of your tongue raised

Moroccan Arabic
Phonology
1. Bilabial /p b m wI 2. Labiodental If vf 3. Dental ft t d s s
z z I1~ 4. Alveolar /n r r/ S. Alveopalatal /5 j/ 6 . Palatal /yi/
7. Velar /k S/ 8. Back-Velar /x Y1 9 . Uvular /q/ 10. Pharyngeal
/ tc/ 11. Glottal I h /
Figure 2. Places of Articulation


Phonology
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic
Figure 3. - Tongue Position for /t/
Figure 4. - Tongue Position for /t /

Phonology

FK
Phonology
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic
Figure S. - Tongue Position for /5/
Figure 6. - Tongue Position for /s/ .

Phonology

Moroccan Arabic
Phonology
and most cases your lips are slightly rounded. Watch your teacher
pronouncing /tab/ and see how even his cheeks bulge and also watch the
tension he builds up in the muscles around his throat.
The influence of emphatic consonants on plain non-emphatic neighbor-
ing consonants is also very clear, e.g. /drb/ [drab] 'to hit' can be
transcribed as /drb/ or /dtb/. The latter form marks /d/ as a primary
emphatic and /C/ as a secondary emphatic, since only / t d s z Iir /
can occur either as primary or secondary emphatics. In any case, all
emphatics do color the neighboring consonants. Thus, when there is
more than one emphatic, we may not mark them all, e.g.
dars - dars dars 'lesson'.
(e) Labialization is a feature of the peripheral consonants / b m f /
and / k q x y I . It is here indicated by a rounded stroke over the
consonant, e.g. b . Labialization is manifested as simultaneous
lip-rounding when producing any of the above-mentioned consonants.
Thus, fb/ is pronounced as bw or bw and /k/ is pronounced kw or
kw . Notice that / b 'm /can vary with bw , mw , fw , or bu ;
mu , fu .
(f) Tenseness is a very important feature of Moroccan Arabic. A
tense (also fortis) consonant in general is produced with more force
than its lax (also lenis) counterpart. Tense or fortis here refers to
two identical consonants with no intervening vowel pronounced with
stronger articulation and greater tension on the muscles of the articu-
lator and, usually, aspiration. Lax or lenis refers to a single
consonant pronounced with lesser muscular tension in the speech organ
and weaker, laxer articulation and, usually, no aspiration. A tense
consonant has precisely twice the duration of a single consonant.
The intensity and aspiration (puff of breath) which are characteristic
of the tense consonants give them' a syllabic quality (i.e. maximum
degree of sonority in the syllable) so that /b:/ is heard as [abb] or
[ebb] . This is transcribed in most other systems that treated
Moroccan Arabic phonology as /ebb/ . The same systems use [a] in the
transcription of [htt] as [ahh] . In our system of transcription [ebb]

is transcribed as /b:/ and pronounced [ebb] and [ath] is transcribed as
/h:/ and pronounced as [ ah] . The raised up vowel - [a], [a] - denotes

Moroccan Arab ic
10
Phonology
that it is purely phonetic, i.e. totally predictable and causing no
semantic differentiation.
3.2 Places of Articulation (See Figure 2)
1. Bilabial: lower lip and upper lip ( p b m w )
2. Labiodental: lower lip and upper teeth ( f v )
3. Dental: apex of tongue and upper teeth ( t t d d s s z z 1 )
4. Alveolar: apex of tongue and alveolar ridge ( n r r )
5. Alveopalatal: apex of tongue and front part of palate ( s z )
6. Palatal: tongue blade and palate ( y )
7. Velar: tongue dorsum and back of palate ( k g )
8. Back-Velar: tongue dorsum and velum ( x y )
9. Uvular: tongue dorsum and uvula ( q )
10. Pharyngeal: root of tongue and pharynx forming a stricture ( h e )
11. Glottal: produced by complete closure and instantaneous release of
the vocal cords. The sound / 9 / is produced in the glottis or the
opening at the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal cords and
thus called glottal stop or glottal catch.
3.3 Manner of Articulation
1. Stop: refers to consonants characterized by a complete closure of
the air passage, thus blocking the air stream momentarily, e.g.
closing of both lips in production of /b/ ( p b t t d cj kg q ' )
2. Fricative: refers to consonants produced by friction caused by the
air moving through a narrow passage in the mouth ( f v s s z z
x yh rh)
3. Nasal: refers to consonants produced with the uvula lowered, allowing
the air to escape through the nose, so that the nasal cavity acts as
a resonator ( m n )
4. Lateral: refers to consonants produced with the tongue touching
only the middle of the palate, thus allowing the air flow to escape
around one or both sides of the tongue ( 1. )
5. Flap: refers to a consonant produced by the rapid vibration of the
apex of the tongue. It is a single tap of the tongue in which the


Moroccan Arabic
11
Phonology
tip of the tongue makes a single rapid contact against the alveolar
ridge ( r r )
6. Semi-vowel: a sound partaking of the nature of both a consonant and
a vowel ( w y )
3.4 Voiced - Voiceless
Voiceless Consonants Voiced Counterparts
p b
t d
t.
k g
f v
s z
Sz
x r
in
3.5 Emphatic - Plain
Plain Consonants Emphatic Counterparts
(Primary Set)
t t
d -
s s

Moroccan Arabic
12
Phonology
3.6 Remarks on the Pronunciation of Moroccan Arabic Consonants and
Semi-Vowels
A look at Table 1 shows that Moroccan Arabic has more consonants
than English. Most of the sounds are pronounced like their English
counterparts while a few are quite unlike anything in English; and,
therefore, require great practice on the part of the student.
3.6.1 Moroccan Arabic consonants pronounced
Counterparts
Moroccan Arabic
p (occurs in for rowings)
almost like their English
As in English
boy
pin
toy
dog
cat, Katherine
go
fine
vine
so
zest
she
pleasure, measure
me
no
well
yet
(occurs in borrowings)
The following
following:
sounds also exist in English, but please note the
/I/ - Moroccan Arabic /I/ is like the /1/ in English lazy, leave,
late rather than the /1/ of English feel, pull, role. Moroccan Arabic
/I/ then is like the first /1/ in the English word level but never like
the second unless velarized (primary or secondary emphatic).
To realize what this means you might like to try to say "pull", then
start the word "leave" where you finished "pull". Now you may realize
that initial l's in English are different from medial/final ones.

Moroccan Arabic
13
Phonology
Thus Moroccan Arabic: /1a/ 'no', /ila/a 'if' or /ma/ 'capital, money'
have an /1/ like that of English leave; and Moroccan Arabic / :ah/ 'God'
has an /I/ like that of English pull. Linguists refer to the first /1/
in level as "Clear" /1/ and to the last /1/ as "Dark" /1/ . Moroccan
Arabic plain /I/ is "Clear" and the emphatic /1/ is "Dark".
/h/ as in English "he" /h/ is not difficult when it begins a
syllable or a word, e.g. Moroccan Arabic /ha/ 'here is' or /mfhum/ 'It
is understood'. But the student may have difficulty pronouncing /h/
when it is within a syllable or word final, e.g. /Ighwa/ 'coffee' or
/rah/- 'there he is'.
/1'/ is a sound that should not give the English speaker any trouble.
/1/, the glottal stop, which is produced by complete closure and
instantaneous release of the vocal cords, is sometimes found in English
as in New York dialect pronunciation /bo'l/ 'bottle' or as the initial
sound of English "ouch".
In Moroccan Arabic ,words or utterances never begin with a vowel. In
all cases where a non-native speaker hears what he thinks is an
initial vowel, it is always / ' + V /; thus, /ana/ is / "ana/ tI'.
4. Pronunciation Drills
(All Pronunciation drills are on tape in the language laboratory.)
Each drill is read three times. The first reading is to acquaint the
student with the items of the drill. The second reading allows spaces
for practice. Ideally, the third reading should be practiced without
looking at the printed drill. Also note that, while a drill is meant
to help the student master a certain sound, sometimes a minimal pair
containing a previous sound is also drilled for purposes. of practice
and differentiation..
4.1 Pronunciation Drill 1. : Moroccan Arabic sounds that occur in
English.
Notice that /a/ = [a] as in English cat, na, lack
bab [bab] door
abadan never
tab he repeated

Moroccan Arabic
14
Phonology
fat he passed by
ka n he was
malak angel
ana I
l'ais lam Islam
dar he did
gal he said
fat he passed by
ra f d carrying (m)
sala he finished
labas fine
saf he saw
as what
lam he blamed
ma I capital, money
zad he added
daz he passed
za ' he came
ta crown
mat he died
nam he dreamt
Ia no
wai da one who gave birth to a baby
wad river
rab it (m) was ruined
gab he became grey-haired
dab it (m) melted
bat he spent the night
ban it (m) appeared
4.2 / q , x , , h , , r / - This group does not exist in English.
1) Of this group, /r/ is a flap, i.e. a sound that is produced by the
very rapid vibration of the tip of the tongue (apex) ; it is very often
equal to a single vibration of a trill, e.g. /zra/ 'he ran', /rab/

'it (m) was ruined'.


Moroccan Arabic
15
Phonology
2) / x , y , q , , e / are all back consonants known as gutterals.
Their place of articulation is back velar, uvular and pharyngeal.
/ x , Y / are back velars, /q/ is uvular and / 12 , e / are pharyngeal.
3) /x/ is a voiceless back velar fricative. Its place of articula-
tion is back velar. To pronounce /x/, produce /k/, then move the dorsum
(back of the tongue) back and produce a fricative; this produces /x/.
This will sound somewhat like the "ch" of German doch, lachen, and nach,
e. g. xa I [xaI ] maternal uncle
Ixdma [a Ix dm) work
4) /y/ is a voiced back velar fricative. It has the same place and
manner of articulation as /x/. Try to produce /g/, then move the dorsum
of your tongue back and produce a fricative. Let us call /Y/ the
"gargling" sound.
5) /q/ is a voiceless uvular stop that is produced by the tongue
dorsum (back), forming a stop against the uvula. Notice that /q/ is
further back than /k/ and should not be used as a substitute either for
/k/ or for /g/, for that is where we get some of the funniest minimal
pairs, e.g. qib [qaib] heart
kMb [kaib] dog
I qiaw i [a I qaI wI] the testicles
I k iaw i [a I ka IawI] the kidneys
qw:ad [qawwad] pimp
gw:ad [gawwad] -guide
4.3 Pronunciation Drill 2. : / q , x , y I
aqlbi oh my heart
akibi oh my dog
Iki1awi the kidneys
Ig91aw i proper. name (m)
gw:ad guide
xa I a maternal aunt
katYi i it is boiling
Ixdma the work
Yal i expensive (m)


Moroccan Arabic
16
Phonology
xima a tent
lYla high cost
ximtha her tent
Ya I y a it (f) is expensive
xa i ya it (f) is empty
kami finished
i xari i abroad, outside
ma ka n i my place
magana watch
i xa I the maternal uncle
xaltu his maternal aunt
qu I say!
Sul say!
Yu l ogre
qruda monkeys
Yr i b strange
bYa he wanted
b qa he remained
b' yit i you (s) wanted
bqiti you (s) remained
bkit i you (s) cried
rab it (m) is ruined
Ixia wilderness
i ra he ran
Ixala the maternal aunt
kayiri he runs
kayrfdha he carries it (f)
Iqhwa coffee
I Yaba forest
Ixdma work
Irla high cost
I qam i is the shirt

I qayd the administrator
IbYrrir Moroccan pancakes
I xat m - the ring
I xizana the library
Ixima the tent


Moroccan Arabic
17
Phonology
l yd a the lunch
q1lub hearts
Iqani he met me
rqiq .thin (m)
qa I ha he said it (f)
qab i na he met us
kayqab i ha he takes care of her
I kra the rent
1 kuka Coca Cola
4.4 /h/ is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative. Pharyngeal sounds are
produced by a constriction of the root of the tongue against the pharynx.
This is not an easy sound. It is advisable to practice pronouncing /h/
by producing a vigorous constriction of the pharynx slightly below and
behind the extreme edge of the velum. This can be achieved by drawing
the body of the tongue back toward the posterior wall of the pharynx
with considerable force. Try this and it should produce /h/. Let us
call this sound the "panting" sound.
4.5 Pronunciation Drill 3. /I/
hala condition
kayhaw I he is trying
Iah he threw away
I a bu he threw it (m) away
Iamd praising (m)
ai my condition
haw I he tried
ih lib the milk
h na we
I hsab arithmetic
h anut shop
halawat pastry, cookies , cakes
I I wa candy
wahd one (m)
h lib milk (m)


Moroccan Arabic
18
Phonology
4.6 /C/ is a voiced pharyngeal fricative. If you try to pronounce the
English vowel "a" as in "fat" with your tongue pressed down, you will
hear /t/, which we will call the "bleating" sound.
4.7 Pronunciation Drill 4.
ealhigh (m)
cad yet, just
kayeawd he repeats, he narrates
resrin twenty
cazib excellent
eaIya high (f)
kaytibn i I like it (m)
beid far (m)
eliha on it (f)
el ihum on them (m)
cguza old woman
I Cgayz the old people
viuz old man
i eiuza the old woman
zCma that is to say
imic together
bat he sold
4.8 Pronunciation Drill S. : / x , ,q,h,c/
t al ihigh (m)
ya I i expensive (m)
xa I i my maternal uncle
hail my condition
hadi this (f)
Yad i he is going
xa 1 u his maternal uncle
qaltha she said it (f)
ihri ra Moroccan soup
qa I u they said
qruda monkeys
gil llittle
h a nut shop

Moroccan Arabic
19
Phonology
I mayari ba
x I ah a
hwant
hdaha
cbid
I aIam
I Yaba
Ixima
Im'ila
I bh ima
mnaha
eahdna
ea I ya
'faIya
xalya
ha'i la
ha hiya
ha hna
xda
Yda
hda
bda
hda
Moroccans
he ruined it (m)
shops
near her
slaves
the world
the forest
the tent
living.
the beast of burden
with her
he promised us
high (f)
expensive (f)
empty (f)
excellent (f)
here she is
here we are
he took
lunch
near
he began
to present
S. Emphasis, Labialization, and Tenseness
5.1 Emphasis
Emphatic articulation refers to the pressing of the blade of the
tongue against the palate in the formation of some consonant sounds ; the
articulation is then velarized or alveolarized rather than dental, or
pharyngealized rather than velar.
As mentioned in 3.1 c , the domain of emphasis (that of flatness or
velarization) is the syllable. We called / t d s z I. / a "primary
emphatic" set, the occurrence of which causes other non-emphatic
consonants to become emphatic. This latter set is here termed the
"secondary emphatic" set, e.g. /db/ 'to hit' has /d/ as a primary
emphatic phoneme and / C/ as a secondary one. It is worth mentioning
here that the transcription of this word without marking /r/ as emphatic

Moroccan Arabic
20
Phonology
is also acceptable. It is hard and almost impossible to pronounce
emphatic /c/ and non-emphatic /r/ next to it. Thus, /db/ - /drb/ 'to
hit' and, similarly, /t b1./ - /t bi/ 'drum (musical instrument)' are
acceptable variants in terms of transcription. Variant transcriptions
may occur throughout the Units of this book for words where / t d s z /
occur as secondary emphatics. Thus /ras/ - /ras/ 'head' - when Moroccan
Arabic is written in Arabic script, this alternation will show up as
alternate spelling with either of two different letters either (y.'for
/s/ or upOfor /s/.
Notice that in pronouncing a plain non-emphatic consonant the position
of the tip of the tongue is dental for, let us say, /t/ and the back of
the tongue is depressed, whereas in pronouncing its emphatic counterpart
/t/, the tip of the tongue is. touching the alveolar ridge and the back
of the tongue is raised up toward the velum. Also, note that in the
case of the pronunciation of an emphatic consonant, the lip muscles
are somewhat extended forward whereas they are relaxed when pronouncing
a plain consonant. See Figures 3 and 4 for /t/ and /t/ and Figures 5
and 6 for /s/ and /s/.
5.2 Pronunciation Drill 6. (Emphatic Consonants)
(In the environment of emphatic consonants, /a / is pronounced as in
English "father" and /i / is pronounced as the vowel of English
'mate" without the glide.)
rab [rab] it (m) is ruined
ratb [ab] it (m) is curdled
ra kb he is mounted
'a qb he controlled
rbab rebec, a string instrument
r bat i native (m) of Rabat
tab he repented
tab it (m) is cooked
dar he did
dar house
sif [sif] sword

sif [sef] summer
maza 1 not yet
mazar he did not visit


Moroccan Arabic
21
Phonology
wI :a or
wz:ahi of course, by God
nam he dreamt
nad he got up
ban]1 i it (m) appeared to me
barnka bank (<cFrench)
fasi native of Fez
fad i unoccupied
kaysumu they fast
siny:a tray
sir go!
sib find!
sag he drove
zrabi rugs
z i na ornament
zuQ* blonds
kra he rented
q ra he studied
darha he did it (f)
darha her house
kar i he rented
qa r i educated
5.3 Labialization (as mentioned in 3.1 e) is a feature of / b m f k q x
Y / and is manifested as simultaneous lip-rounding when producing any
of these consonants. Thus /3> is pronounced as bw or bw and /'k/ is
pronounced kw or kw . Notice that / b m T / can vary with bw , mw
fw , or bu , mu , fu . Notice the distinction in meaning for
instance between labialized /z/ and its non-labialized counterpart /x/
in such words as /xra/ 'feces' and /2a/ 'other (f)', /Ixra/ 'the feces'
and /Ixra/ 'the other one (f)'.
5.4 Pronunciation Drill 7. (Labialized Consonants)
In the environment of labialized consonants:
a- [a] and is pronounced as in English "father"

i e--- {e] and as the vowel in English "made" without the glide
u -- [0] and ranges between the vowels of English "door" and "soul"

Moroccan Arabic
22
Phonology
byd buyd
malf -mwaif
Ifad -Ifwad
kbar kbar
xa
krasa
Yrab
Yr i b
'nt
qn ut
qndi I
enad I
hi:
hi
white (p)
to be accustomed
internal body organs
big (p)
other (fs)
chairs
crow
strange
corner
corners
oil lamp
oil lamps
open!
solution
5.5 A tense (also fortis)consonant in general has twice the duration of
its lax (also lenis) counterpart. Also remember that the intensity and
aspiration which are characteristic of the tense consonants give them a
syllabic quality. (See 3.1 f above.)

5.6 Pronunciation Drill 8. (Tense Consonants)
kayt bu
kayhb:u
t :aman
tm:a
timid
t:Imid
d:a
bra
bC:a
he is crawling
he loves him
the price
there
pupil
the pupil
house
the house
to the house
letter
outside
6. Moroccan Arabic Vowels
To produce a vowel sound, the tongue is arched High, Mid or Low in
the mouth. The arching of the tongue is either toward the FRONT of the
palate or the BACK. Thus, we describe the vowels in terms of these

Moroccan Arabic
23
Phonology
five parameters. We now can say that /1/ is a high front vowel.
The position of the lips, whether spread as in /ia/ or rounded as in
/u,o/, is important in describing vowel sounds.
Vowels are all voiced; that is, vowels are produced with vibrations
of the vocal cords.
Front
Central
Back
High i u
Mid
Low a
Table 2. - Moroccan Arabic Vowels
6.1 Vowel Allophones (or positional vowel variants occurring in specific
environments)
The following table shows the Moroccan Arabic vowel allophones .
Notice the modification of the parameters High, Mid and Low. Also
note that Central or Centralized vowels are shorter in duration than
the front or back ones.11T-7
Front
Central Shorter
Back
High i u
Low High I v=YI I
High Mid e o
Mid a
Low Mid
High Low a
Low a a
Table 3. - Moroccan Arabic Vowel Allophones
has the following allophones:
as in English ' fat', occurs in the environment of non-emphatic
consonants;
6.2 /a/
/a/
[a]

Moroccan Arabic
24
Phonology
[a] a little further back than the "a" of English 'father' , occurs in
the environment of emphatic sonsonants ;
[] (centralized pronunciation of [a]) occurs word finally in the
environment of non-emphatic consonants. Notice [] is shorter
than [a];
[z] (centralized pronunciation of [a]) occurs word finally in the
environment of emphatic consonants. Notice [] is shorter than
[a].
6.3 Pronunciation Drill 9. /a/
a/a
dar [dar] he did
dar [dat] house
fat [fat] he passed
tar [tar] it flew
fatr [fata] he is not fasting
tab [tab] he repented
tab [tab] it is cooked
yad i ['&dI] he is going
Ya I[Yar] hole
sab [ab] he grew old
b iawat [b rawat ] letters
[ ai
Ia [)a] no
bra [bra] letter
sab :a [sab :a] youth (f)
tal:a [Ial:a] madam, lady
ybra [ybr&] needle
Hia [I11] if
ta [ita] cover
9um: h a [ 9ummah). her mother
d:aha [d:ahi] he took it (f) away
haz:a [ha :a] pilgrim (f)


Moroccan Arabic
25
Phonology
6.4 /I
/i/ has the following allophones:
[i] as in English 'beat, occurs in the environment of non-emphatic
consonants;
[e] as in English 'mate' , occurs in the environment of emphatic
consonants ;
[I] as in English 'bit'; occurs word finally, in the environment of
non-emphatic consonants ;
[I] (centralized pronunciation of {I]=[I )), occurs word finally in
the environment of emphatic consonants. Notice [I] is shorter than
[I].
6. 5 Pronunciation Dr ill 10 . : / i/
Iii] / e]
snin
lib
zit
ki fai
tir
sift
sif
s: if
sif
s:if
sif
s: i f
ei s
biban
[i] / [I]
ya I i
qa i
sft i
h3ami
nb ( i
fd : i
[snin]
[Zib]
[zit]
[kifa s]
[ter]
[seft]
[sef]
[s:ef]
[sif]
[s: if]
[ ei ]
[b i ben]
[qadI]
[i ftI])
[IyamI]
[ny'bI]
[fadgl]
years
pocket
oil
how?
a bird
to send
summer
the summer
sword
the sword
live!
small, little
doors
expensive
judge

Moroccan Arabic
26
Phonology
6.6 /u/
/u/ has the following allophones:
ju] as in English 'cool', occurs in the environment of non-emphatic
consonants;
[o] between English 'door' and 'soul', occurs in the environment of
emphatic consonants and back velars;
[v] as in English 'wool' , occurs word finally in the environment
of non-emphatic consonants ;
[ur] (or [UW]) , occurs -word finally in the environment of emphatic
consonants. Notice [r] is shorter than [v].
6.7 Pronunciation Drill 11.
lu/
[u] / [o]
dud
dur
s:uf
e' um
Yui
hanut
c ud
d uI fm
xubz
mu' tabar
kanaxud
kayaku I
quit i
Iv]_/ _t]l
dyalu
r du
fthu
qbtu
sd: u
bYd u
[dud]
[dot]
[s :of,
[" um]
[Yo 1 ]
[hanut]
[tud]
[dolm]
[doef]
[xobz]
[mue tabar]
[kanaxud]
[kayaku I]
[qu It I]
worms
turn!
wool
swim!
ogre
shop
a piece of wood
oppression
poverty
bread
excellent
I am taking
he is eating
you (s) said
his
he invited him
he opened it (m)
he caught it (m)
he closed it (m)

Moroccan Arabic
27
Phonology
6.8 Phonetic Schwa or Short Vowel
In addition, Moroccan Arabic has a non-phonemic (with no semantic
significance) phonetic schwa or short vowel - V [a] This occurs
as a transition between consonants or consonant clusters. It is
voiced in the environment of voiced consonants and voiceless in the
environment of voiceless consonants. The vocalic transition has variants
ranging from {a] or je] to [2] or [a].
[a]: [a) occur in the environment of /e/ and /h/; []) [] elsewhere.
Examples : end i
ktb
ki:mn
x1 :a
{ ndI]
[kt b]
[kal10m]
[x0l]
I have
he wrote
he spoke
he let, left
6.9 Pronunciation Drill 12. : Phonetic Schwa
en d na
I hm:am
I hmdu Ii
Ibab
fhm
bnt
I bnt
$: rim
fh :mu
kayqd:
six
bITY
[candne]
[ 0,n dni) ln
[* It a ammam]
I :ah [ a l mdul II l th-]
[albab]
[fthm]
[bent]
f lb nt]
. [*iiarim]
[f hh mu]
[kayqdd]
[s l*x]
[b i o]
we have
public bath
praise be to God
the door
he understood
a girl
the girl
the window
he made him understand
he can
to skin animals
to be of age, be mature
7. Phonological Structure of Words in Moroccan Arabic
If a consonant is followed by another consonant, there is a predic-
table transition. Transition between /C/ and /C/ is heard as vocalic
and is represented here by a superscript schwa [0] to represent the
short vowels [0], [e], [a] and [a] discussed in 6 above. Schwa occurs
as the first speech sound formation in English "about" or as the last

Moroccan Arabic
28
Phonology
speech sound formation in English "sofa". The following examples and
drills are meant to help the student master this very important feature
of Moroccan Arabic phonology, namely the pronunciation of consonant
clusters. Drills 13 and 14 include the [*] in the transcription.
Notice that [a] is voiceless in the environment of voiceless consonants
and voiced in the environment of voiced consonants.
Following are some helpful rules for the predictability of the short
vowel []:
1. /CC:/ [CeCC]
2. /C:C/ - [CC*C]
3. /C:C:/ ---+ [aCCaCC]
4. /CC:C/ ---+ [CCC*C]
5. /C:V/ ---+ [0CCV]
6. /CC:V/ [C0CCV]
7. /C:VC/ --+ [ CCVC]
8. /VC:/ - [VCC] (no change) (='VC:)
9. /CVC:/ -- [CVCC] (no change)
10. /VC:V/ ---+ [VCCV] (no change) (='C:V)
Examples:
1. sk:
Compare s:k:
2. d:ra
3. :q:
d:r:i
4. kI:m
bd: I
fy:q
hm:m
bl:I
5. b:a
r:uz
6. Ib:ik
km:a
t:a
7. I:j1
8. 9ab:
[ e ekk]
[*skk]
[*iiqq]
[Edd0 rr-I]
[kallm]
[badd iJ
[f yyaq]
[h mmam]
[*bb a]
[*rroz]
[isbbik]
[ kmmm]
[Y*tt]
[*1Iii1]
['abb]
to doubt, suspect
doubt, suspicion
corn
the crack
the boy
to speak to
to change
to wake up (someone)
to give a bath
to wet
my father
the rice
window screen
to make someone smoke
to cover cigarettes

Moroccan Arabic
29
Phonology
~4oroccan Arabic 29 Phonology
9. mux :
10. 'am:a
[muxx]
[9ammi]
brain
as for
7.1 Stress
Stress does not produce semantic differences in Moroccan Arabic.
Primary stress may fall either on the final syllable (terminal) or on
the second from the last (penultimate). This is predictable on the
basis of syllable structure. Stress is terminal if the last syllable
of the word has the structure [CVC] or [CeCC], e.g.
mski n
frhan
mhlI uI
samht
sawbt
sI:mt
[mask in]
[f8r-hn]
[s~raht J
E sawlat
poor
happy
open (m)
I forgave
I fixed (something)
I greeted
Stress is penultimate if the last syllable of the word has the
structure [CV] or if it ends in [-C], e.g.
sI:mna [s*1 amni] ~we greeted
nmhlula [mahluli] open (f)

kI:m [ka11am] he talked (with, to)
sabba [sahba] girl friend
Also notice stress shift with the suffixation of pronominal suffixes,
e.g.
ki ina
kIinah
ki:m
ki:mni
[ki ini]
[ki insh]
[ka iim]
[kal1amni]
we ate
we ate it (m)
he talked (to)
he talked to me
7.2 Pronunciation Drill 13. (Consonant Clusters)
:m e[' Im]
fhm [faham]
kI:m Ifqih [kahlam alfgih]
Iwid Ikbir [*1wald alkbir]
as xbar s::a ? [as xbadu Liahh]]
nhmdu 1 :ah [nahamdu 1Itlah]
to teach
to understand
talk to the teacher!
the big boy
how are you?
fine

Moroccan Arabic
30
Phonology
hr:ktlkum t:bla [ha rra kt a kurn att bab~] I moved the table for
'ah 1n wa sahiln [ 'ahil n w a smh 1an] Hello yu
sbah l x ir [asbah a alxeifl good morning
x [xraz] he went out
s :r rn [ssarzm]the window
s l: m [Sa 1lam] to greet
d: I asild i , mrba b ikum vndna come in, sir, welcome.
[atfadda 1 s dI , mrh a b ikumrn ndnae]
k I: mt hum [ kall 1amt hum] I talked to them
mt krfs in tmat karf s in] messed up (mp)
If: [jaff] to wrap up
sq [agq]to split
yr= garr toconfess
srn: a [s mrnM] to name
t:a['t t a] to cover
I:a[.lYadd ]tomorrow
t :a tihattVj until
tb :ax Etabbax] a cook
qd:m [qaddamJ to present
ad:b [ 'addab ] to educate, instruct
bx: [ b acxa] to steam, burn incense
hr: ha Eharrarth5] he liberated it (f) or her
qr: a [ gaer r ] he taught
g r: u [ ] he made him confess
h l: u [ha 1 1v} he opened it (m)
0~:1U Iha l Ia IV] he opened for him
hd : u adv his limit
ld du [hadd%.u.] he ironed it (m)
hm u [ hammuj] Haumou (proper name)
1m:mu Eha,,namvU] he gave him a bath
s f :ha Esa f fa hi] she pitied him
zf :fha Ezaffafhae] he wiped it Cf)
Sd_: u [ a d du] his grandfather

i d: du [ia d da dV] he renewed it (m)


Moroccan Arabic
31
Phonology
7.3 Pronunciation
zffat
hd :ha
hd:dha
fat ha
ft :tha
hr: u
hr:ru
sh :a
sh :hha
tfs:at
mhs~sa
xiz~u
xz :z u
htl:at
tfl:zat
dl :aha
d i : I ha
qs:a
qssha
Drill 14. (C:
fassbb a]
(zaffafatj
haddaha]
fIhaddadhav]
ffattathaJ
jna !a:raru]
ft f aset
fmhaa~
Exilzzu]
Exazzazul
[ht azza]
fdal Iaeha~J
fda! IaI he]
[qassaJ
[as asa
C:C , C:C: )
alum
she wiped
her limit
he ironed it (f)
he passed her
he broke it (f) into pieces
he made it (m) hot (for food)

he liberated it (in)
health
he caused her to be healthy
it (f) got flat (e. g. tire)
having smoked hashish
carrots
it caused it (m) to be rusty
she protested
she had a walk
he let it (f) down
he put for auction
story
he cut it (f) (with scissors)
8. Diphthongs
Moroccan Arabic has the following diphthongs : aw , ay , l y , 1iw , uw
8.1 Pronunciation Drill 15. (Diphthongs)
rawd repeat!
faw n to help
fayn where?
fay q awake (in)
y d: i w they take along

Moroccan Arabic
32
Phonology
9. Interchange of Phonemes
The following phonemes vary according to region for different speakers
of Moroccan Arabic: z - z , s. s q - g q g- yC -.iC ,
wC -_uC .
9.1 Pronunciation Drill 16. (Interchange of Phonemes)
z..Z
zuz zuz two
mzw:i . mzw:ui married (m)
$S s
srim - s czmwindow
sms.~sms.-ms-sms sun
qal gal he said
bqra bgra cow
qul:i - gul:i 'ul:i tell me!
yC -i C initially before C or CC or C:
ybra ~ ibra needle
yktb iktb .he wrote
wC uC initially
This variation depends on whether the preceding word
ends in a consonant or a vowel. /w/ occurs after a vowel
and /u/ occurs after a consonant.
w alh d u i r i n twenty one
xmsa wei r i n twenty five
(here: u - w 'and')
10. General Pronunciation Drills
Following are four pronunciation drills. Students are advised to
master these drills before beginning the units of this book.


Moroccan Arabic
33
Phonology
~4oroccan Arabic 33 Phonology
10.1 Pronunciation Drill 17. (General)
fd:it
kayd:iha
Ixudera
eawn:i .
lahha (lah:a -
Ihrira
s:iny:a
I maYari ba
maYr i b i
mia
fayn Ibnat ?
ha huma Ibnat
awd dak s:i
ia , asidi
iwa , bawdu.
in rapid speech)
abadan
safi
iwa [:a yhn:ik
bs:iama as i.d i
I finish
He is taking it along (f).
vegetables
Help me!
He threw it (f).
Moroccan soup
the tray
Moroccans
Moroccan (m)
he went
Where are the girls?

Here are the girls.
Repeat that thing.
No, sir.
Well, repeat it!
Never!
Finished, all right.
Well, goodbye.
Goodbye, sir.
door
to manage
bank (cFrench)
he passed
apples
three
the price
material
lump (of sugar) , adobe brick
length
road
the road
he did
the house
watermelon
bab
db: r-
banka
fat
t: f:ah
t iata
t:aman
tub
tub

Moroccan Arabic
34
Phonology
d: Ca corn
mn i n where from?
t m: a there
hma r donkey
hmr red
s: i f the sword
s: i f summer
sb:h2 to glorify God
s b:h to say good morning to
s:aIam peace
s:ala prayers
srif a noble man
s:rif the noble man
[basir man's name
tms: a walk!
zrban in a hurry
z:rby :a the carpet
mazal not yet
zar he visited
h z:u carry it (m)!
xiz:u carrot
z ra he ran
a ar neighbor
ari my neighbor
ari he is running
S:a r the neighbor
S:r i running
Ia no
i ta if.
I:i which
wi :ahi of course, by God
tat :a madam, lady

nhd to shout
n:har day
nud get up!
n :as people
rig to return

Moroccan Arabic
353
Phonology
r:zu' returning
rail a man
r :as the head
darha he did it (f)
darha her house
r :a il1 the man
i am I a pregnant
kaml complete
eaml he is doing
al i high
xa Ii my paternal uncle
Yal iexpensive
hal1i my situation
had i this (f)
qad ijudge
Yadi he is going
xawi It (m) is empty.
cl :it i you (s) raised
xl :iti you (s) left
hi :iti you (s) opened
Yl :it i you (s) boiled
bx:r to steam, burn incense
ded: u against him
rah he went
wk:1 to feed
bq:aI grocer
wY: I to deepen
fh:am coal merchant
f hm understanding
fIam coal
fh:mu . Make him understand.
twe:r -He got stuck.
b:ah' his father

Sa I f to be accustomed to
Tad internal organs of the body
kba rbig (p)
hak:a thus

Moroccan Arabic
36
Phonology
Rrab
~nt
'gntar
gar:u
'Rrasa
~Yr ib
hi:
qridi 1
qrnad!
other (f)
crow
Open!
corner
cantor
cigarettes
chairs
strange
solution
oil lamp
oil lamps
Iwid mrid
bnt kb ira
mra mzyana
d : r: i f r h a n I n a l h r a y
h~md gis ti s:Ilya Ikbira
hada rai I mzyan
was hada ra~i mzyan ?
hmrd tndu dar mzyana
was had s: i dya lk ?
suft u I bart2
masuftus lbart2
sir xdm
sir t qd i Iaia r:as k t
fayn d:rari ?
d: rar i f lmdrasa
fayn Ibnt ?
ha hiya lIbnt
yal:ah nmsiw nsrbu Ii kas
datay imit.
I a , s u krn as id i , ba ra ka 1 ahu
matmsis tnt5
mamsas Ilmdiasa lyum
*The boy is sick.

a big girl
a nice lady
The boy is happy.
The red bag is empty.
Ahmed sat on the big chair.
How much are the tomatoes?
This is a nice man.
Is this a nice man?
Ahmed has a nice house.
Is this thing here yours?
I saw him yesterday.
I did not see him yesterday.
Go and work!
Go do something for yourself!
Where are the kids?
The kids are at school.
Where is the girl?
Here is the girl.
Let us go and have tea
together.
f ik. No, thank you, sir.

Moroccan Arabic
37
Phonology
d:ariza Irayriby:a Iu'a sahia
hada laxr t :mrin , wsaf 1
Moroccan Arabic is an easy
This is the end language.
of the drill and that is it.
lahin wa sahin
'as xbarkum asidi ?
labas lhmdu Iii:ah
lal :a fatma as xbark ?
labas asidi, lI:ah
yzv lf ik I balaka
mnslxir
mnslxir
fayn iasi ?
mnawsi I d:ar
sl:ml i tblmwval in d:ar
b 1:Y'l: ah s l aink
fayn
smntlIi as i d i , was katc r'f
I lam i ea ?
Hello.
How are you, sir?
Fine, thanks.
How are you, Madam Fatma?
Fine, sir, thank you.
(May God bless you)
Good evening.
Good evening. (response)
Where are you going?
I am going home.
Greet the family for me.

I will.
Please, do you know where
the University is?
There it is (the University).
It is that big building.
Please, do you know of a
nearby drugstore?
No , there is not one here.
You have to go to the city.
How are you, Mr . Ahmed?
Yes, thanks.
Please, how can I get to

Meknes (from here) ?
[ iam i ca t m: a q ud : ark
dik limiuara Ikbira
srnl~i asi di , was katerf si
farinasyan qr ib ?
la asidi , iakayns fhad l huma.
xs :k tth bt I:mad ina
si hind nta bixir ?
ntan asidi bixir I Isndu Ii I:ah.
mnn:a ?

Moroccan Arabic
38
Phonology
tK It mehad s:ari"ht t:a t wsl
'ah in wa sahiln"
'shin wa sahin asidi
s:aIarnu 'a i kum"
wacaI ikum 1s:alain
ga xbarkwn
1labas baraka l:ahu f ik asidi"
was t byi tmi mtznaya I d: a daba ?
ya 1: ah asidi , xI : ina mnn had
s:da'
Go up this avenue until you
reach the railway station
and take the train.
Hello.
Response to "Hello"T. (to a
man)
Hello, Hi.
Hi. (Response)
How are you?
Fine, thanks, sir.
Would you like to go home
with me now?
Yes, I will go with you.
All right, let us go and
forget about this headache.
*** *** ***


PART TWO
UNITS 1 - 10
BASIC UNITS

40
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 1
40 Unit 2~
UNIT CUE
I.1 Text
bit Cm)
ibit
bit kbir
ibit kbir
kbir (in)
room
the room
a big room
1b roomn is big.
big
a bay
the boy
a sick bay
The boy is sick."
sick
wid Cma)
iwid
uid =id
iwid 'id
Sw1dJ
[Leiwed]
='id Cm)
bnt Cf)
That
bnt kbira
lbnt kbira
(baitj) a girl
the girl
a big girl
The girl is big."

kbira (fT)bi
big

Moroccan Arabic
41
unit 3
Moroccan ~abic 41 Unit 1
mra (f)
1mra
mra mrida
1mra ida
a woman
the woman
a sick woman
The woman is sick.
Uri a (f)
sick
** *
1.2 Gramatical Notes
1. Nouns are either masculine (m) or feminine (f) in gender.
2. The definite article in Moroccan Arabic ( M.A.) is /#1-/
prefixed to nouns and adjectives.
3. A modifier agrees with the noun it modifies in gender.
;.. The equational sentence here has the formla:
Noun (definite) + Adjective (indefinite)
ibit kbir . 'The room is big.' (m + m)
lbnt kbira . 'The girl is big.' (f + f)
Notice the agreement in gender:
(M + m) or (f + f)
5. N oun (indefinite) + Adjective (indefinite) is a phrase:
bit kbir 'a big room'
bint kbira ' a big girl'


Moroccan Arabic
42
Unit 3.
Moroccan Arabic 42 Unit 2.
1.3 Vocabulary
(1.) Noun (mn) indexfinite
bab
kUin:as
ktab
(2) Noun (f ) indefinite
haza
aaaj se
Noun (mn) definite
ibab
lku2n: as
2.ktab
Noun (f~) definite.
1 aa
lm gana
door
notebook
book
thing
watch
sack
(3 ) 1difier (m)
kbir
~id
mlua
moifer (
kbira
syira
ri da
=nYana
mhla
big
sick
nice , good
open
* * *
1.4 Grammatical Notes
1. Notice that the feminine nouns and modifiers listed above end
in /-a#/..
* * *

Moroccan Arabic
43
Unit I
1 .5 Drill I
Form sentences using the following nouns and adjectives:
magana -mzana, bit - kbir z s - syira , bab - hil
ra - mida , wid -syir , bnt - kbira , ktab - mzyan
kun : as kbfir
I .6 Vocabulary
Noun indeffinite
~'azl (mn)
nas (mn)
d.: i (mn) (drrzJ
zib (n).
sbitar (mn)
zrby :a (f) [zarboyy ]
zit (f )
t:wira (f) [taswirl]
Noun definite
s:±'2i (%sflz3] basement
s :rem Em] nwindow
n:as people
d:r:i faddrrz] boy
z:ib pocket
l:ilnit
s :bitar hospital
t:bla table
z :rby3 a[ zzerb~]ng
z:it oil
t: s~iraa a picture

Moroccan Arabic
44
tit 1
1.7 Grammatical Note
If~ a noun begins with one of the following consonants, / r r n
1 31 s s z z t t d d/,then the def'inite article /l-/
assimilates to this consonant, i. e. it becomes like it,9 e g.
sfli ,'
r= ~l,
1-sfli -p s :fli Eess±2? J
'the basement'
'the man
f'the boy t
* * *
1.8 Vocabulary
Modifier (Adjective ) is)
le.-an Ca7
nqi
msdud tmasdudJ
I~dif ier
frharza
'7: :Sfl
agra
msduda
~s: Xa
(Adjective ) (fs )
f[msdudli]
frs3 eJ
ha.p
tired
clean
closed
dirty
1.19 Drill
Form sentences using the following nowms and their given
modifiers.

45
Moroccan Arabic
U nit 2
45 Unit I
(1 ) foun (is)
bab
bit
Tid
ktab
r=3.
dr: i
sbiar
uld
sfli
Moifer (ms
mhul
kbir
msdud
nqi
?ran
kbir
The door is open.
The room is small.
The notebook is dirty.
The boy is big.
The window is closed.
The book is good.
Thema is sick.
The kid is tired.
The hospital is clean.
The boy is bappy.
The basement is big.
* * *
(2) }Noun (is)
dar
Z'by: a
bat
a rasa [mdras ]
tswira
but
is
ksbira
msdbuda
fr~aa
The house i s open.
The tug is small.
The sack is dirty.
The girl is big.

The school is closed.
The picture is mic e.
The Woa is sick.
The chair is clewn.
The girl is happy.
** *

Moroccan Arabic
46
Unit 1
Moroccan Arabic 46 Unit 1
IJ.O Drill 3
a. Translate the foallowing s antences .
b. Fora similar sentences.
Ibab th2u1
lbit si
S:Tm usdud
?:S.1 grid
s; bitar nqi.
Iwid frhmi
s:;ili kbir
d: a miula
Z :rby: a srza
lbnt kbira
1mdrasa -msduda
1='a mrida
B:ly7a nqy~a
lbnt frb.aa
Z: it g:

Moroccan Arabic
47
Unit 2
MorocCan Arabic 47 Unit 2
UNIT TWO
11.1 Review-Drill 1
Was r :azl frhan
y:i , r: azl fan
I s the manhappy?
Yes, the man is happy.
interrogative particle of
the "dot Will" type
was
7: ih
N o t i c e /w a i / i s f o l l o w e d b y a d e f inF o i i a u s i n n n w r
your sentences.
yes
Lite noun hare.
using the following, and translate
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
U.
13.
15.
17.
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
mass mblu.a
- mzya
sbita -nqi
slya - nqy a
znsa - kbira
'iya - rri'a
bit- .
wid - kbir
ktab - a
ink a- rri'Ta
tyw.'a - soya
3~sa - msduda
2.
4 0.
6.
8.
10.
12.
16.
18.
20.
22.
4.
26.
28.
dr: i -t:
bab - m4lu1
afli no kbir
kun s - kbir
bnt - mzyaa
ad- m ula
tqwia - kbir'a
- msdud
'by sa - mayaa
zit - nqysa
wid -fran

Ioroccan Arabic
48
Unit 2
Moroccan Arabic 48 unit 2
29. zit - E x
30. ktab -mzyan
11.2 Word Study Lists
(1)} Nouns
Singul~ar(s)
bib (in)
bit (mn)
inagana .(Ii
vid Cm)
bnit Cf)
ba a (±f)
rail (fa)
tbla (f )
tsirra (f)
ktab (Cm)
r1 ()
dr" i (m).
Zib (an)
Plural (p )
.g~at (f)
m gi CM)
wlad
bnat
in'sesz
tbaljl
tsar~
ktab
Ilyat
zabi zbiy sat
g7alat
drari
door
root
f oteb ooak
Vat Ch
boy
girl
sack
taig (p.alac=
clothes)
window
table
house
picture
book
chair
carpet, rcag
lady
kid (boy)
pocket

Moroccan Arabic
49
Unit 2
l4oroccan Arabic 49 Unit 2
sbi tar (mn)
Tmd rasa (f)
3, rsi m)
=ibza .(f)
sbab (in)
iy:a (f)
sfli (in)
zit (f )
xiibz (at)
?:bat (mn)
Las (in)
Plural . (p )
sbitarat
a.dari s
2.yali
xiibzat
nas (in)
ho spital
school
chair
nigb t
a loaf of bread .
People
mornin g
even in
in seinet
oil
bread
Rabat
Fez
(2) )bdifiers (Adjectives and/or participles)
-l"ul
insdud
kbfr
ziqi
fs
iblula
msduda
kbira
ins:aa
yain
insdudin
On&
kbr
fly"
m lulat
insdudat
'rs3xt
arat
ziqy:at
good, nice
oper
closed, locked
big
dirty
littl, -l
clew

Moroccan Arabic
so
Unit 2
ms ifsMPf
=rid =rids urad mradat sick, ill
ma: s a na '7y: enin ry aat tired
-fbn frhana frh~in frbziat happy
r ai "aaya ca1yin ealyat hii
2. * Nouns are singular (s) or plural (p) in number. N otice that
plurals are not }redictable in the case of nwuns (see 11 .2
above, Also see P lurals. B roken Plural and Sound Plurals
in the "Glossary of Tecbnical T erms") .
2. The feminine singular of a modifier ends in /-a#/.
3. The masculine plural (up) of a modifier is achieved by adding
/-in#/ to its (us) form, =nless the (ms) has the form CC iC,
in Which case, the plural is CC aC (C = Consonant) , e. g.
ms
uhilmbulin open
kbir ibar big
id u'a4il
4. Thie (fp) of a modifier is achieved by adding /-t$/ to its
(fs) form except in the case of/aajectives of the CCiC type
which form their (fp) by adding /-.at#/ to (uip), e. g.
uymzy aza zann mynt good, nice
kbir kbira £iar kbarat big


4oroccan Arabic
51
U nit 2
Note the change of final /-i#/ of (ms) modifier to f/-y-/ and /-ys-/
in the following examples:
nqi n sa nqy sin nqy: at clear
11.14 Drill 2
Form sentences .
1. dx ari - f'rY ani n
2. bnat - frb aat
3j. but i- 4ba.i
5. ians - iw xin
6. s :am m indidin
7. toa - inzyanin
8. Iasai
9. ~'yalat - mriat
10. ktub myanin
11. Ibali -nqy: in
12. biban - ulin
13. y - f:xin
1I. aa - T
* * fi

Moroccan Arabi c
52
Unit 2
11.5 Text
iwid lkbir fan
lbnt lkbfra friaa
Iwlad lkbar fxhaia
lbnat lkbarat frhanat
[ d a2 kbir Parham ] The big boy is happy.
C aibant Glkbirmfr2~ The big girl is happy.
r aL~a-d lkaear i~rbzin ] The big boys are happy.
[albt Gabarat f rna3 The big girls are happy.
* * *
11.6 Irriaa3
Was 2.wid lkbir frb~an?
y :ih , Iwid. lkbir frran
Is the big boy happy?
Yes, the big boy is happy.
Form siola~r questions and answers using the following. Translate
your sentences.
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
bnt kbira -
ilya - m .
- t a lys. -
tbali - b -
bit - m lul -
wiad - o a -
qbi az'at -
drari - $t; -
at -$
t aw - ,a'-
frbana
nqy:a
maduda
myanin
may: flin
min
- yauin
Swyszin
myanin
ai * r

53
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 2
53 Unit 2
11.7 Text
1 } r:aZ3. fd:a
d: r: i fimdrasa
..
1. sa flbit
dab s1 I:bJa
Eai fddar ]
~ dd"?=i folmd&rasa]
L~xn9k- ?lbit]
The man is in the house.
The boy is at school.
The sack is in the room.
The book is on the table.
f.-A f
13.m 'a
in
on
(preposition)
(preposition)
***
11.8 Text
ha r: al
ha lktabh.
ha a
ha nta .
ha nti .
halma .
ha atty..
ha
Here is the man.
Here are the books.
Here I am.
Here you (ins) are.
Here you (es) are.
Here we are.
Here you (p) are.
here is, here are (presentational
particle)
***

Moroccan Arabic
54
Unit 2
MO'OcC~ ArS.bic 34 Unit 2
II. 9" Drill 1L
;:azl f4:a
The book is on the table.
F orm similar sentences.
1.
2.
3.
1..
5.
6.
7-
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
l3..
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Jb a bit
dr;i m asa
=sxa bit
taw - mm'asa
ma - gbiaa
ilys. - bit
'abi - 4a
"yalat -bit
=ai- ]krsi
:aft f as
wld - bit
ktab - kursi
Vaa- lya
tyalat -sf11
wid -;ba
21.
22.
23.
2L~.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
3[4.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
4.
nas - sfli
Ibl -md~asa
izzia -kui si
~wayz - a
tw- bit

Moroccan Arabic
55
Unit2
1~oroccan Arabic 55 Unit 2
11.10 Text
±'ayn ?
fayn 1wld ?
ha huwa iwid
ha
huim
fa~n lhIt ?
ha hiya lbnt
Where?
Whiere is the boy?
Here is the boy.
here is
he, it (in)
Where is the girl?
Here is the girl.
hiya
she,, it (r)
fayn d:rari ?
ha bum d:razi
Where are the kids?
Here are the kids.
bumn
the7 -(m )
fags ihuat ?
b b na bntfa n lktab ?
lktb fumq B:1ya .
Where are the girls?
Here are the girls.
Where is the book?
The book is on the chair.
faq o
on

56
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 2
fayn biya s; lya ?
tht rt ht]J
i'ayn t ; ba ?
t; bla hda ibab
hda
fayn r: a 1
r: all fd; ar
fay ba?
Z:rby: a Eir t:bla
I1mwa qud:albb
qud;ai
Where is the chair?
The chair is under the table,
under
Where is the table?
The table is near the door.
near
Where is the man?
in
Where is the carpet?
The carpet is behind the table.
behind
Where is the sack?
The sack is in front of the door.
in front of
***
wid mf- m'a
fayn iwid?
ha huwa iwid.0
1w2.d f l z4'asa .
Form similar sentences (one questienzand two answers) using:


Moroccan Arabic
57
Unit 2
Morocan rabi 57 nitw
1.
2.
3.
4..
5.
6.
7.
8.
;b: a -tt _-rba
bnt -
- f- ;bi~a
- ea kurs i
azl - qud~am -c$a;
kurs i - -j~
a- Ida- bab
gasa4w fuq a- s1ya
vw
11.12 G atica1 Note.
The independent pronouns are:
ana I
nta you (ms)
nti you (fs)
h uwa he
hiya she
bna
ntumA
hm
we
you (MP)
they
:'c x *
11 .13 Drill 6
fayn iwid lkbir ?
iwid lkbir fli ~s.
Form similar sentences using the folli
2. ='sa - kbira - e1i= bra
3. ktnrsi - : - quids a- izm
4i. Eby: a - mzyana - lda -bob
5. s1ya - kbira - mt - bab
Whre is the big boy?
The big boy is at school.
ring.

Moroccan Arabic
58
U nit 3
Moroccan A~sbic 58 Unit 3
UNIT THREE
111.1 Reiew -Dzilll
:C-ail fy:as wd:r:i flm4 'asa
The mmn is in the house and
the boy is at school.
VIdwu
and
Form similar sentences sng
1.1
2.
3.
1.
6.
7.
'yalat- f - bit - bnat- f - sf21
Wi3d- qud: am -c~a -but - f - m~asa
Vaasa - t~t - V a anmagma - Iasi
kum: as - l - lya - ktab -t~t -lba
As~a - Oda - bab - ;:;by: a -bda - iim
~ial - f- sf21 - "yalat - f- bit
',, ;a -faq - rbla - ktab -ti~t - kursi
111.2 Review - Drill 2
(a) ibit mbluil - (b) ibyutat lin
Give the plurals of the following words, then forma sentences using
your plus as in sentence (b) above. Transl.ate.
1. bab a s=dud
2. lena as - :
3. tbl - kbira
40. wld -vr


Moroccan Arabic
59
Unit 3
5.,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
bnt - i da
m - amzyana
azI .. y:5.as
,gana -mzyrama
kcz'si nq~i
xuxbza kbira
11.
12.
13.
24.
1-5.
16.
zit - Z10J:a
twi 'a - zyaa
Zby :a " - .T
zib -kbir
- !nqi
kta~b -kbir'
7C .J A
111.3 Text
hada
Nadi
hadu
Nadu
'a mzya is
rza1 nyanin .
'yalat meaat
This is a nice
This is a nice
These are nice
These are nice
man.
woman.
men.
women.
hadak a 1 y
badik a myana
hadwk ria1 mz~yin

haduk 'yalat myanat
vas had r: a 1 zyaz ?
was had 1 a zyena ?
was had r:iaa myain ?
vas bad 1 '7alat mZyriat ?
va dak rlam = ym?
vas duk r~a1wann
That is a nice man.
That is a nice woman.
Those are nice men.
Those are nice women.
Is this man nice?
Is this woman nice?
Are these men nice?
Are these women nice ?
Is that man nice?
Is that woman nice?
Are those men nice.
Are those women nice?
x x

Moroccan Arabic
60
Unit 3
111.4 Grammatical Notes
1. The question introducer particle /was/ forms a question of the
'D)o', 'Does', 'Did', 'Is', 'Are', 'Were' type.
2. The demonstratives 'this, this one, these, these ones' :
hada (ms )
hadi (fs )
hadu (mp, fp)
must be followed by an indefinite noun.
3. The demonstrative 'this, this one, these, these ones' :
had (invariable)
must be followed by a definite noun.
4. The demonstratives 'that, that one, those, those ones't:
hadak .(ms)
hadik (fs)
haduk (up, fp)
must be followed by an indefinite noun.
5. The demonstrative 'that, that one, those, those ones':
dak (ms )
dik (fs)
duk (up,fp)


Moroccan Arabic
61
Unit 3
6 . Compare the following two sets:
and
a) hada rail mzyan . This is a nice manl.
b) had r:ail. mzyan . This man is nice,
c) hadak rail mzyan. That is a nice man.
d) dak r :a~2. mzyan . That man is nice.
and
111.5 Text
was had n all mzyan
la, huwa mali ryen
ia , sazyn
y7ih
maior ma... s
Is this man nice ?
Yes, he is a nice man.
No, he is not nice.
N o, he is not nice.w
yes
no
negative morpheme
* 4
I1I.6b Drill 3-
vas had ibit kbi?
y s ih , bad .bit lbir
la , bad ibit n si kbfr( ikbins)
Forsmila sentences (one question and two answers) using the


Moroccan Arabic
62
Unit 3
following. Note /hnad/ is invariable and is followed by a definite
noun.
1. bnt - kbira
2. tea mzyana
3. "yalat - m 'i cat
5.9 bya -nqy: a
11 .7?Drill t4.
Substitute using the nouns below mekinig the necessary changes in the
demonstrative and the modifier.
(a) hada 'a'il yan
m~a ,y3alat , taaw ,man , zixasi , Eby: a , mguoat
(b) badak azL1 myan
Substitute same as in (a) above.
111.8 Text
ktsb y~za good book
ktabi yan book is good
ktabk mza your (fis, fs) book is good
ktabu mza his" book is good
ktabha mzyan her book is good


Moroccan Arabic
63
Unit 3
MoToccan Arabic 63 Unit 3
ktabna izys
ktabkum mzyan
ktabbhum =ran
11. 9 Gr..atica.1Nate
Notice the pronominal cu~fffixed
-k
-u
-na
-.kum
-ph
our book is good
your (nom, fp) book is good
their (ap, fp) book is good
set for possession (my, your, etc.):
MY
your (us, fs)
his
her
our
your (MP, fp)
their (MP, fp)
** *w
111.10 Text
gand bud dar usyaa
tudi dar mzymia
vndk a yaa
rndu dar =yans.
enidha ders yaa
'ndkzm a yana .
endhmdar zyana
Abmed has a nice house.

I have a nice house.
You (mns, fs) have a nice house .
He has a nice house.
She has a nice house.
We have a nice house.
You (mp, fp) have a nice house .
They have a nice house.
particle of possession
(French ' chez' , English in one' s
possession; at one's place')
end
***

Moroccan Arabic
64
Unit 3
111.2.1 Drill 5
hada ktabi whadak ktabk
Fort similar sentences using the following. Make necessary changes
in the gender and number of' the demonstrative.
1. his house your (s) house 5. your (s) rooms- their room
2. my books- their books 6. my girl - your (pa) girls
3. your (s) book- my books 7. your (p1) books- his book
1.. her boy - our boy
111. 12 Drill 6
,bnd~i ktab izyan
Form similar sentences using:
l. they ;by: a - kbira
2. we - t~aw - izyanin
3. I _-4a.-mz=yana
4.. you (s) 40zxsa -kbira
111.133 D rill 7
was tndk Ta ;myeaa? y: ih s
F arm similar questions and answers
1. tndu but usyana.
2. tndkum ktiab -yanin
3. "'mdhum Ja' kbira .
14.. tndba 'by:a ngy:a..
5. "mdi znia kbira .
5. he - lsya - a :x
6. she -ma.gaa mzyana
7 . you (p1) - b2,a- kbira
nd~i a'zya
using the following.
6. "ndk kursi .r;.
7. endu m.gana mmyana .
8. "ndna bnat mzyanat
9. tndkmw2.ad ?baa
10. "mdi amzyaa


Moroccan Arabic
63
Unit 3
111.14 Text
was rndk si magana yana ?
yt=ih "ndi mea myanin bz :af
had Imagarna hadi,
tamnh-a xin dxbhms
uwiadA -tamha xmsa wsb' in d'hm .
bz:af bad ~
t: afl buwa hada
iwa , ,- yhn; ik asidi.
bs~l aa
Do you have any good matches?
Yes, I have very good watches.
How much ?
This watch here
costs 5O dirhams,
and this one costs 75 d irhams.
That is very expensive (too much).
Well, that is the price.
Well, goodbye (then ), Mister.
Goodbye.
ii
bz: af
Shal
tami
mawsbsin
d'bm /d'ahm
iwa
3a -
e~g. a I~:d
sid~i
asidi
a, some, any (followed by indefinite -

noun or adjective)
much, many, very
how much? how many?
price
fifty
seventy-five
the thing, mtter
Well , then
goodbye
vocative particle
oh Mohamed! (calling him) ""
(hey you)
my master (Mister)
mister (calling or addressing
someone)
Goodbye.
bslina.

Moroccan Arabic
66
twit 3
111.1 5 Text
sa dir:yal lkilu
aan: a wa~d lkilu
c ag: P. kilo
ar 1 a zap~ kilo. .
a1'1:a tizta kilnu.
ara1 :a rbca kilu
2Za1: a msa k.1u
sat ibtata ?
Sa'en:a st:a kilu
ara:a sbta kilo
ai a tmtya kiln
arm: a tsra kilo
ara: a tsra kilou
ara
S: a(C<aa + 2a)
m.tisa
ryal
btata a batsaa
Ten rials a kilo.
Give me one kilo.
Give me two kilos.
Give me two kilos .
Give me three kilos.
Give me four kilos.
Give me five kilos.
How much are the potatoes?
1Nine rials a kilo.
Give me six kilos.
Give me seven kilos .
Give me eight kilos.

Give me nine kilos.
Give me ten kilos.
give?: hand over! pass ! (limited to
ierative ara (ms), an (±s), armw(a) )
give me, give us
tomatoes
Moroccan coin equivalent to one
U.S. Perml
Potatoes
** *

Moroccan Arabic
67
Unit 3
111 .16 Grammatical Notes
1. The Cardinal Numerals 1 - 10.
(kly the numeral 'one has a f'eminine form. The rest are
invariable.
wahd (mn) / whda (f) one
Jui O ZUEtwo
tiata three
rbca Eerbca] ou
~a Ezxms ]five
st: a six
sbva (s%mlJ ]seven
tsea ts'ud nine
its ]ten
2. Notice the structure of a Construct phrase with the numerals
1 -10.
a) Numeral 'one'
wand luld one boy
wahd abut one girl
Notice that /wahd/ (in) is used with both 'boy' and 'girl'.
Compare:
grid vahd one boy
but whda one girl


Moroccan Arabic
68
.t 3
Here the numeral is in the slot of what we termed previously
"modifier". It is actually used as an adjective. Also note
that if there is a modifier such as /strir/ 'small', we still
get the gender differentiation:
wand stir one (in) szll , a sm3ll (m) one
whda s'rira one (f~) szi ll, a amli (f) one
Noate tbat the numeral" one" is followed by a definite singular
noun or by an indefinite singular adjective.
van Id one boy
vahd3yirone (mn) sia 3l, a small one
3. The eal "two" has the form Zaiz iaz, and can be followed by
an indefinite plural noun,
iz wlad two boys
or by a definite plural noun preceded by the particle /d/ ' of ':
zu dlwlad two boys
Notice the following structure :
wahd uu a couple
4. Nuerals 3 - 10 are followed b a plural definitennpcdd
by /d/ 'of'. Lcainples :
tiarta diwlad tbhree boys
tiata dlbenat tree girls
***

Moroccan Arabic
69
Unit 3
111.17 Word Study List (on tape)
The words in the following list are of great use in everyday speech
and therefore are compiled here in this unit rather than scattered
throughout the units of this book. The list is not intended to be
memorized all at one time, but it should be practiced and referred to
at various intervals. Notice that in listing fruits, vegetables,
grains and other shopping items, the noun of unit (n.u. - see the
"Glossary of Technical Terms") is listed first, followed by the
plural. Then the collective noun (coll. - see the "Glossary of
Technical Terms) in parentheses. This convention is followed only
when more than one form occurs. The gender of the noun of unit is
predictable and, therefore, is not listed here. However, it is shoei
in the lexicon at the end of the book. In general, nouns of unit
ending in -a# are feminine like other nouns. hus, fula / -t (ful)
'fava beans' means that fula is (f); and gaz 'kerosene' is (m).
However,/zit/f'oil' is marked for (f) because its gender is not
predictable.
suq (m) / swaq
stir
fula / -t (ful)
eds
tyn:-.ea (pmug)
suk:az
atay
nvnat
market, marketplace
corn, maize
wheat
barley
fava bean
lentils
chick pea
flour
sugar
tea (never takes the definite
article)
mint

Moroccan Arabic
70
Unit 3
qhwa
qhwa Tbr a
qhwa hbub
hb; a / hbub hb :
gaz
bitrul
gar~u
algid
adra
xya
£g~usa /-t (fg-us)
xiZ;uya / .t (Xiz:u)
l±5ta (lft)
matisa (s. and coil.) mai
btata baaa
bsla / -t (bsl)
tumor(turn)
lubya
zlb aa
krurnb k
sifrual
fifla (f) / -at
fifla zxa (f)
coffee ( drink)
coffee (powder)
coffee (bean's)
grain
kerosene
kerosene
cigarette
met cbes
vegetab1s
cucumber
cucumber
carrct
turnip
tomtc (never takes the definite
article)
potatoes
mnica
garlic
green beer's
peas
cabbage
squash
Cauliflower
red pepper
green pepper
olive

71
Unit 3
Moroccan Arabic
71 Un MtO3
as:a (x5: )
r 1a (fil )
kraf s
my dnus
aqsbur
quqa / -t (qu)
drizala (dnial) bdx ala (bdnal )
4 sI ihura (f )
=.bza / -t (zxibz)
xabz dd.- r
Xabz ds:cir
=abz dlgq
lbt zaii
3iwa / -t w-hlwi
ia1lu (s. ad p.)
d: Sa I -t
kb'b yzal
okra
lettuce
radish
celery
parsley
corriander
anti choke
e ggpan t
msbrcom
honey
molasses
loaf of bread
cormr bread
barley bread
wheat bread
French bread
pastry
sweets
spital-shaped, filled pastry
a mwet cookie, in the shape of a
gazelle horn, filled with dates,
almonds, and honey
variety of pancake
i'broccan pancake
byrira / byrir
0rifer / ~ayf

Maroccan Arabic
72
Unit 3
sb:aky:a / -t (sb;aky~a)
'Yry:ba / -t (Y;ayb)
kba/-t (kh)
briwa / -t (briwat)
g iwsa / -t (griws )
fakiya /-t fa.ki
t±%aa / -t (tif:ahi)
m masa / -t (inmamas)
banana / -t (banan)
brquqa / -t (brquq)
li'a / -t (3.um)
:1tsina / -t (ltsin )
mandarina / -t (man darin )
bhamia / -t (haind)
XI2a / -t (~)
ra a / -t (rman)
tnba / -t (tub)
zbiba (zbib)
butida (s. and c ol. )
dl: aba / -t (d1.: ah)
bt~ixa / -t (bt:ix)
tnsa / tan
tuta / tut
b: imluk
z'bula / (ztbul )
Moroccan cake made with honey
a Moroccan tea cake
ring-shaped pastry filled. With nutis
a pastry made with almonds and
dipped in honey
small round cr mchy cookie
fruit (also dried fruit)

apple
apricot
banana
plum
orange
orange
tangerine
lemon
peach
pomep'anate
ppe
raisin
pear
watermelon
melon (not including 'watermelon )
date.
mlberry
strawberry
cherry
fig
pric~y pear, Indian fig

73
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 3
73 Unit 3
bh ib
lbn
Zbn
Zbn d:m: az
frima z umi
zbda
zit (f
zit lo'ud
mik
buttermilk
:riz
sabura
sabimn dr: iha
sabun d~bm.:am
sabun d ya2. ltsil
sabun dt : sbin
ilha l
lb;a-; bza
kamin
ma'em m) ft z~va /mai
bida (bid)
'Ibm
bgri lOW :b dlbgi
y1rii lhm dl'rlmi
cheese
goat cheese
imported cheese
butter
oil
olive oil
any vegetable oil (other then_ olive
Oil)
rice
maron i
spa ie tti, noodles, vermicelli
soap
toilet soap
toilet soap
washing soap
washing soap
salt
black pepper
cumin
restaurant
egg.
meat
beef
ntton , lamb

Moroccan Arabic
74
Unit 3
l4oroccan Arabic 74 Unit 3
24M mthun
'w az miim:r
d;iaz, z1i
h-~ta/ -t (hut)
taz ii
ksksux
sksu
surba
~lad :
qtban gban
kimf itur
msur
limes mrsur
ma
ma bard
ftur
fda
kas (m) / kisari
tasa (f) /-t
zlafa (f~) / zlayf
?tar (in)/ at
mr lqa (f } / -t me alq
ground meat
chicken
roasted chicken
fried chicken
fish
s tew dish
couscous
couscous
S owp
Moroccan soup
salad
shish kebab (pieces of meat)
-shish kebab ( gown d meat)
jam
juice
orange juice
water
cold water
breakfast
lunch
supper
glass
cap , smel metal bowl
bowl
plate , platter, dish
spoon

Moroccan Arabic
75
Unit
tbsil (m) /tbasl
lfrsit.a (f) / -t al fast
=s (m)/ ras
zif (in) / zyuf' zyzira
mdil (mn) / a adi
bir: a
wiski
crab
crab byd
srab bin'
crab ruzi
liinntad
lagas
tai
plate, dish
table fork
napkin, hsrndkerchi ef!, scarf'
napkin
coca cola
beer
whiskey
wine..
white wine
red wine
rose wine
lemonade
ice cream
ice
***
111.18 Drill 8
S'ra dr.-Y a2 lklu.

Ten ryals a kilo.
Substitnte using: 3, 7, 5, 8, 2, 9, 6, 4.
'w' 7

Moroccan Arabic
76
Unit 3
1 11.19 Drill 9
a;'an: a tiata kilu dl.:ubya . G ive us three kilos of~ green
beans.
Substitute f~or the numeral /talata/ and the word /lubya/ Ibeanst :
2, L., 6, 8, 9, 5, 10, 7.
burwi da
111I. 20 Drill 10
s a1 dlktub "nd) ?
tudi sadlktub .
How many books do you have?
I have ten books.
F orm similar sentences using:
3, 5, 2, 6, 10, 9, 7, 8, 4j.

Moroccan Arabic
77
unit 14
Moroccan Aabic 77 Unit 4.
UNIT FOUR
IV.2. Review- Drill 1
hada wid =yam~
Substitute:
hiadi
hadu
hadak
hladi k
haduak
cn, magana
ktub ,t~a
d': i , a1
Iba, bat
k~asa , 'ryalat
kbfra, a
~yani as r":in
=rid , za
ia , r'y aa
kba; , mzyaast
r r
IV. 2 Review - Drill 2
s1at bad 2ktab
smsa 4d'abm
Substitute using:
10, 3, 6, 9, 2, 5, 7, 8, 4 .
IV. 3 Review - Drill 3
'nd~i bz :of ds~uka


Moroccan Arabic
78
Unit j
Substitute using:
atay ,n ena&", zbz , qhwa , abun , g: , wqid , ms i sa , lubya
zlbana , xiz:u , bta a.
**
IV. 4 Reviaw - Drill 4L
-s~almsuas
Aiwa ,bz:af had s~
=teya d;:yal asidi
-iwa , st:a dT:yal
Form similar dialogues asking about the price of:
luy ,t :a4 mja rlXi u im *, *aa, la
IV.5 Text
a sink asidi2
a sik ala: a
a sawi?
a ma ?
S=1 sfr
smizaa
sh ia.
What is your name, sir?
What is your name, madam?
What is his name ?
What is her name?
I+ name is Hoda (f).
His name i sJ afar (m).
My name is Salva (t).
my name is Zobra (f).
!y name is Yna (f).
Her name is Daila(f) .


Moiocc= Arabic
79
Unit 4
Moroccan Arabic 79 Unit 14.
si dawd
sumi zab:
seta nu"a .
smi id.
His name i s David (in).
His name is Jaber (in) .
Her name is Nora (f).
My name is Abmad (in)
a interrogative particle
sin in) / 'asm'" (p) name
smiya (f) / smiyat (p) name
'ism (in) I amiyat (P) name
lal:a (f) / lal~y:at (p) madam
Notes From now on plurals of nouns will be listed following their
!!l~glar forms without (p), e. g. sin (in) / 'auma' 'name'.* If the
plural is- a sound plural, i .e . ach~ieved by a suffix, -t# or, -at# or
-'in#, e . g. sya f) 'name' , smiya~t 'name s' will appear as
sia (f) / -t 'name' . Broken plurals will be listed following
their singilar forms, e. g. suq (in) / swag 'mrket' .
IV. 6 Text
fin yradi ?
fin radya ?
fin 'ra din ?
fin *radyat ?
'radi llmdrasa .
'radya 3ld:ar.
'radi ls~uq
fadya ls: uq.
'radyin lixizama
yradyinllqha.
ana 'radi lmrsa .
Where
where
Where
Where
are you (ms) going ?
are you (fs) going?
are you (up) going?
are you (f P) going?
I (m) am going to school.
I (f) am going borne.
He is going to the market.
She is going to the market.
We are going to the library.

Thiey are going to the coffee shop.
I (m) am going to school.

Moroccan Arabic
Unit14.
80
Moroccan Arabic 80
=na rYa d:a '
nta yadi 1ls~uq
nti 'radya l1xiz a .
huwa 'Yadi ilbusta.
biya yadya 2Ibanka.
hus. radyin liqhwa .
ntu a radyin is imime
I (f~) am going home .
You (ins) are going to the market.
You (fs) are going to the library.
He is going to the post office.
She is going to the bank.
We are going to the coffee shop.
You (mp) are going to the movie .
ntum 'radyat is:bitar
yu ydin siagar "
hum Tadyat 11im 'am .
fin fayn
'radi (in)
5U4(i)/swaq
xizana (f') / -t
ibusta ibaxid
banka / -t
qhwa (f) / q ai
sitim / -t
laga (C±f) / -at
I~tam (ac) / maaim inai
You (fp) are
They (mn) are
station.
going
going
to the hospital.
to the train
to the restaurant.
They (f) are going t
where?
going (participle)
market
library
post office
bank
coffee shop
cinema, movie house
train station
restaurant
* * *
IV.7 Text
fin maa ?
Where are you (ins) going ?
Where are you (fs) going?

Moroccan Arabic
81
Unit 14.
MOOCCSfl Arabic 81 Unit h
fin masyin ?
fin msyat ?
maxi llma asa
masya l4:2
masi ls:uq
masya ls:uq
misyin llxizana
miyin flqhwa .
Iv. 8 Drill 5
asmk asidi ?
asmk alalla ?
Whero are they goi.ng?
Where are they (fp) going?
I (mn) am going to school.
I (f) am going home.
H e is going to the market.
She i s going to the market .
Wes are going to the library .
They (m) are going to the coffee
shop .
What is your name,. Sir?
What is your name, Madam?
(female): smi visa , aha , =a7: , yama
x x*
IV. 9 Drill 6
fin Y adi Cia i) ? Where are you going
yadi 13: ar I am going home.
*Fom similar questions and answers using the followings
1. radyi n lm-asa 9. masyat - $
2. masya mba 10. * adyat lags
3. yadyat -s soq 11. ms i - mvam
1.. m'i - s; in ima 12.v maiya - m asa

5,v yadya -Ixizana 13. msi :inim
6. tadi - 1buca l14. aya - :bit
7. myin -s:suq 15. nm3,i - ibi t
8. yadyin - qhwa 16. 'radyin lage..
17.v yadyin - buca


Moroccan Arabic-
Unit 1
Morooca~ ATabic Unit 14~
IV.1O Text
1w t the time (telling time )
lY: a~ the days (days of' the week)
s~hurthe months (months of' the year)
(1) sbal s : 3r ? What time i s it?
shat. ±'Ps: ata ? What time is It?
shat c'nd c±ma? What time is it?
1whda 1:00
ZuOwZ:U 2:00
t:lata 3:00
l~sa 5:00
S: to 6:00
s;b a 7:00
t:m1ya 8:00
t: s~d 9:00
1vra 10:00
ihdas 11 :00
t: uas12:00
1uhda nisazz 1:00 sharp (exactly)
iwda wqgsm 1:05
1uh da wmsa 1:05


Moroccan Arabic 83Unt24
lwhd~a vv sra 1:10
lvhda wttulut 1:20
lwhda wmsa w srin 1:25
z :U qi : asa vwsrin 1:35
z :U qi : s am 1:35
z Vu irx sa w rin 1:35
Z;UZ 'ni' . qsam 1:35
z;uz yir z'bl' am1:40
Z:uz .rI: qs=yn1:50
z:UZ 1 airub 1:50
:tom qmaya n1:50
z :UZ q1.: qra1:55
Z~uqi: Tb" &yq 1:56
uz rir v dqsa 1:56
Z nix.q3: ayq 1:58
Z:us q.: dqia 1:59


Moroccan Arabic nt48
unit 4
84
E:.UZ+
rir dqiqa
tq ribn
nisan
q mty(i) / gram
;b%% ;wa%% a ;nb
tulu t
qI:
'rir
1:a
dadiqa (f) / dqayq «~ .mat
s~ayn
tqribn tq;iban
1:59
almost 2:00
2:00 share
direct, exactly
section (here : five minutes ), class
1/4
1/3
1/2
less
except (for)
except
minute
ten minutes (dual form two sections't)
almost
(2) f t : mya ds :bah at 8:00 a.m.
f t : sud ds :bah at 9:00 a.m.
fsbadlviy:a a t 7 : 0 0 p . m.f h a d l : ia t 1 0 0 p .
:mca ZW43jfl Z:UZ around 2:00 o' clock
f ~ bad bkri early in the morning

f s :bah in the morning
!d~:b at noon (ref~ers to any time between
1:00 and 3:00 p.m.)
±fir fa3lzrJ at dawn (/1f'r/ 'morning prayer'
between 5:00 and 6:00 a.mn.)
f lax I:i1 late at night
midnight
1si:athe everting' (between 4: 00 Bad 8: 00 p.m.)
21:i2. 'the night' (starts apprximteay aroim4 8:00 or 9:00 pm.


Moroccan Arabic
85
unit 4
Moroccan Arabic 85
lyum
lbarh
lytum £lr'siy: a
rYd-.a fs:bah
Yd: a fd:hur
w11barh
sbali
cSiy:a
w~ayh
bkri
y m (l)/ 9:8
lyum
Td : a
lbar3h
bted 'rd. a
w1brh
today
tomorrow
yesterday
this evening
tomorrow in the morning
tomorrow at noon
the day after tomorrow at night
the day before yesterday
morning
evening
with
around
early
noon time
dawn
end
day
today
tomorrow
yesterday
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
IV.11 Text
91Sb 1~ / 'asabi " sipnn / -t
nbar l 1.in
z~har t:lat nha t %ata
nbar 1sbv
a ireek
~bday
Taesday
Wednesday

I'broccan Arabic
86
Unl4 1!'
nb ?xis
char Z;m a
nba s:bt
nhar Thd:
'usbue simaa
si ti.ata awl- a rbca di asabi v
'had 2Iiusbu%
1 'usbuc' lmistaqbaa
l1 ztsbub 15j
m bcd tiata dl'asabiQ'
naa Z :m'a f1'usbu%% lmstaqbal
$;1imua 1m iya
mbed iUtzda : inat
'usbut (m) / 'asabit
sizeana (f) / -t
albas (i) / -at y: ai
W:a wa
lmdi
lhadr
1mstaqbal
bed
ma*
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
a week
two weeks
three weeks
some three or four weeks
this week
last week
next week
next week
after three weeks, in three .weeks
(on) Friday of next week
next week
after two weeks, in two weeks
week
week
day
some
or
the last, past

the present
the -hare
the ±itoze
after
from, of

Moroccan ArabicUitI 8
Unit 1
87
IV.l2 Drill 7
;:b'a vn1 :
It is 2:20, 1:35, 9:10, 6:05, 8:30,
9:00 sharp, about 3:00.
What time is it?
I t is 4g:30.
IV.13 Drill 8
za ft~sea dg =bad .* He came at 9: 00 a.m.
za he came
Substitute. Translate youir sentences.
t bd ki l± ,lym, tspdd* 3., b* ,*umbr
IV.l14 Trill 9
adi yi
fl ]da utulut
He will coma at 1:20.
Substitute.
3:1.0, 8=30, 5:30, tomorrow, 6s10, the day after tomorrow, early in
the morninig, today, at 11:00 at night.
IV.15 Drill 10
'lradi yi nha s:bt
Suzbstitutte.
He will come am Saturday.
Monday, .naxt week, Thursday, in three weeks, Wednesday, the day after
tomorrow at night, Friday, Tuesday, Sunday.


Moroccan Arabic
88
Unit 24
IV.16 Text
shr (in) / shutr
yfl: ay=
foray'
mis
,ulyzz
Yut
sbtambi' stambir
'tktubr -ktubz'
nuwaubir
duzambir duianbir
wad s:hr
~h aynz
tit shur
sj rb' e shat awl :a s h
Si st: shut awl: a sbt shut
ux daba Lay
ux bed st: shut~
bad l'am
l'ran l3mdi
month
the month
January
February
March
April
June
July.
August
September
October
November
December
one month
two months
three months
some )4 or 5 months
some 6 or 7 months
after 2 months (2 months from now)
after six months
this year
last year

Moroccan Arabic
89
Unit 4
k4oroccan Arabic 89 Unit ~
lsam 1mV-Zi
Ir'ani lmstaqbal
m daba ' asmyn
next year
next year
after 2 years
after 6 years
aly f mk ?
'ndi sri 'am .
m ndu aWe rin cam
s.hal f via ?
shat f~m'i
fsndu tsi snin
How old are you?
I am twenty years old.
How old is he?
He is twenty-five years old.
How old is she?
She is thirty-five years old.
How old is he ?
He is nine years old.
He is eight years old.
scamples of variant pronunciation of some of~ the months :
zanyieh January
f evzieh Februaary
avril April
nuvambr November
di samr December
shy {(a:) / shur
sbrayn
Q rin
moMnth
two months (dual form)
twenty
thist-f'ive
dabano
now

Moroccan Arabic
90
unit 4
Moroccan Arabic 90 Unit ~
m dabs
bed
=n bed ~mbed
end
from now, within
after
after...
age
particle of possession (have)
** *
IV.17 Grammatical Notes
1. The dual form of the noun in Moroccan Arabic exists only
through borrowings from Modern Standard Arabic in a few
words, e.g.
ynmayn two days
Ehrayn two months
eayn two years
sa'tayn two hours
ztratayn two times
2. The full forms of the cardinal numerals 1 - 10 were introduced
in 111.16. Hue we see short forms of these numerals,
/tlt, rbe, zms, st:., she, tin, tse, esr/, used before hours,
minutes, days, months, etc.
tit snin three years
tsr lhu nine months
* * *

Moroccani Arabic 91 Unit t~
IV.138 Drill 11
ha da b T;ay;
Substitutes
April, =Jie, November, January, March, December, July, September,
August, May, October.


Moroccan Arabic
92
Unit ;
Moroccn Araic DaUnit&
UNIT FIVE
V.1 Revijew- Drill 1
fad Msi ( yadi ) ? Where are you going ?
mas ls:uq . I am going to the market .
Masi school , restaurant
aya c .nc , post a Mice.a
'radyin coffee shop, train statiocn
lradyat hospital, home, library
r x
V.2 Review - Drill 2
3a1l to dk f lmagana ?
lwb~da wbt
Substjtutes
3:05, 9:10, 11:20, 6:15, 7:30, 8:25, 12:00, 2:05, 3:40o, 7:50,9 8:45,
8:0 0 sharp, about 6:30.
* * r
V. 3 Review- Drill 3
'radi fy$:badbkbri
S ubstitate:
tomorrow, tomorrow at 8:00 a.m. , tomorrow at 7:00 p.t. , tomorrow
at noon, tomorrow at midnight, tomorrow night, the day after
tomorrow in the morning, in two weeks, in a month, in JIM ~r,
Friday, Sunday, in October, Monday.
x * X

Moroccan Arabic
93
Unit 5
V .j Review - Drill 14
ia lbari fl: it . He came yesterday at night.
Substitute:
the day before yesterday, the day before yesterday at dawn, the day
before yesterday at 4: 25 p.m,, usa, Thursday night, Saturday at
noon, December, June, May, Augzst.
V-5 Text
lxi&sa 1hma raa
Asa lxdra xaiya .
1.Z sa ibida kbira..
ibit lkbir byd (bias
s:nduq lkh-l s~
s: rwal Ihwi bali.
t:umibil Z :rqa idida
lya2:aof r: wdi XaWI
lqamih ws:rwal :uf ' UVs:Xifl.
The red sack is full .
The, green sack is empty.
The white sack is big.
The big room is white.
The black box is small.
The brown trousers are old.
The blue car is new.
The grey pitcher is empty.
The yellow shirt and trousers are dirty.
The brumette is pretty.
?am' (in
mi (mn)
Va dzq (mn) / iadq
srnal (in) / snawil
bali (m) I balyin
:mnbi (f) / -at

Asid (in)
qau.ia (f) / qmeay
zwin (Cm)
full
emty
box
trousers
old things
car
new
af pitcher
shirt
pretty, beautiful

I aroccan Arabic
94
Unit 5
V. 6 Text: Colors
ln (mn) /lowan
color
ms
bd
sfr
?~m.di.
urdi
- :si.
smawi
limumi
qrfj
zbibi
ziti
Ziplz
qhwi
jk 3 ] bla
[by) ] bida
ja~r) x~ra
t'q ] qa
Sdiysa
twrdz]I ardy:a
bauy-a
~aya
tqrfj qfe
.q] .~
tk°1l )
[zrqa]
iseqra3
Utz'yyR]
byd
zdr
z~
"af
" in
q3y:in
Zitufytifl
qhis:in
black
wite (awis ms)
red
green
blue
yellow
brwxiette (calexion)
blond
~ey
rose (colored)
ping
sky blue
broini sbpreen.
pale yellow
cinn coloredi
vtaat colored,
golden tit
imrpli~a red
frost gee
olive pren
brown
dark brow
light green
zbibisa
zity a
zi:tuz a

Ibsoccaa Arabic
95
Unit ;
?bbTOCCSfl ~'abic 95 Unit 5
v.7 ill1 5
(1) was had s :rwal gf; ?
la , asidi , had s:rwS.l bye
(2) was had lktub xu4# ?
la , a&si di , had lktub 4u
Are these trousers yellow?
No , sir , these trousers are whites.
Are these books green?
No, sir, these books are red.
Form similar sentences using the following colors and objects:
shirt, white, green box, black, red -cars,1 blue , hi to
sacks, brown, yellow
V. 8 Text
M~odifiers
ms
frhai
w gat
kslan
myul
Idid
xayb
bali
zvin
fs
frhana
mwgaza
kslana
mvyua
Idida
asya
xayba
balya
zwia
mrain
krslan in
idad
vawyin
zaybin
balyin
m -sin
zwini0n
frbanat
nmZat
kslaiat
*lay'lat
zdadat
'ate'at
zawat
raybat
balyat
u n: sat
zwinat
hppy
lazy
lazy
busy
new
full
eapty
ugly
old (things)
stupid, bad
pretty .
r **

Moroccan Arabic
96
Unit 5
Vr. 9 Text
mafrhais
afrban say
mfrhana.s
mflfrhana2 ay
mfrh in "s
'mframin sag
maf r-aat s
mafrbaat ay
I (m) am not happy; he is not
happy; you (ins) are not happy.
I (I') am not happy; she is not
happy; you (fs) are not happy.
We or you (inip) or they (mp )
are not happy.
They or you (fp) are not bapp.
V.30 Grammatical Note
The negative morpheme has the variants mali ma...
ma...say , e.g.
ft Idids
not new (in)
not new (in)
not new (mn)
** *

Moroccan Arabic
97
Unit 5
v .n2 Drill 6
Was had 5:T'Wa3l did?
la, wiadid
la, mazidsay
Is this pair of~ trousers new?
No, it is not new.
No, it is not new .
No, it is not new.
Formi questions and answers substituting for /s: rwal/ arid /did/
using: shirt, nice - sack, Tful box, big 'ass , dad
elf , wvi.
=WY in*
V.12 Text
ktab Iwid
lktab dyal Iwid
lktab diwid
lktab dyalu
ktabu
ktab Iwlad
lktutb daIwlad
lktub diwlad
lktub dyalhm
ktubh
the
the
the
his
his
bo's
boy's
boy's
book
book
book
book
book
the boy'ts books
the boys t books
the boys' books
their books
their books

98
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 5
ktab lbnt
lktab dyal lbnt
lktab dlbflt
lktab dyalha
ktabha
the
the
the
her
her
girl's book
girl's book
girl's book
book
book
lktab
lktab
lktab
lktab
lkbir dyal 1wld s: nr
s: rir dlwldl lkbir
dyal Iwid lkbir
Ikbir dyal iwid
hada ktabi uhada ktabk
had lktab dyali whad lktab
dy-alk.
bada dyali whadR dyalk
bad lktab badR dyali wdak
lktab hadak dyak .
had Jktab z:did dyal. lbnt
had lktab z: did dlbnt
had lktab fdid dra2.ba

had lktab E:did ktabba
had lbaky:a 3:Ti a dyaba .
had lbakysat s:gar dyalnm.
the big book of~ the little boy
the sml book of the big boy
the book belonging to the big boy
the boy's big book
This is my book and this is your
book.
This book is mine and tbis book
is yours.
This is mine and this is yours.

This book here is mine and that book
there is yours.
This
Ths
2is
Thi s
new book belongs to the girl.
new book belongs to the girl.
new book is hers.
new book is hers.
This smil1 package is ours .-
The se smll packages ares theirs.

Moroccan Arabic
99
Unit 5
ifluka. Ibida dya2ha. kbira
ifl.ayk s ?ar daylhum t ate;
bakiy:sa (f) / -t
fluka (11 / flayk
dyal
His new car is small.
Her white boat is big.
Their small boats are full of
people.
package
boat
belonging to, ' oft
belonging to, t of'
V. 13 Grammatical Notes
1. Compare the expression of possession using the particle of
possession dya2.t'belonging to: and the possessive suff ix sets
ktabi
ktabk
ktabu
ktabha
ktabna
ktabkum
ktabbum
lktab
Slktab
w~ lktab
lktab
.lktab
lktab
lktab
ali~
dyalu
dyalu~
dyalna
dyalkum
my book
your (s) book
his book
her book
our book
your (P) book
their book
2. Also compare the different ways of expressing possession in the

following sentences.

100
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 5
krtab bhl
lktab dyal hm
ktabu
ktab Iwid
lktab diwi d
lktab dyal awid
lktab dyalu
ktabu
ktb o ±Dft
lktab dl.bnt
kabdyal l~t
lktab dyaha
ktabha
Ahmed' s book
Ahmed's book
his book
the boy's book
the boy's book
the boy's book
his book
his book
the girl's book
the girl's book
the girl's book
her book
her book
***
V.14 Drill 7
dyal m b ad lktab badR ?
Whose book is this (here)?
dlyal
who?
whose?
dyalu "
ktabu .
It's Ahmed' so
It's his.
It's his book


Moroccan Arabic
101
Unit 5
Moroccan Arabic 101 Unit ~
had lktab hada dyalu
This book here is his.
Form
(a)
(b)
similar sentences.
Substitute for /1ktab/ using: znsa , baky:a , srwal , slya.
In your answers, substitute for /Irmd/ using: the girl, the boys,
you (p), you (s), us
V.15 Drill 8
had lwld hada fr.an
had lbnt hadi fr.ana
had Iwlad hadu fr .in .
had lbnat hadu frtanat
This boy here is happy.
This girl here is happy.
These boys here are happy.
These girls here are happy.
For each sentence substitutes lazy, dirty, big, little, busy, new,
nice (good), clean, brunet (complexion), tired, blond.
V.16 Drill 9
bad lwld hada masi ey:an .
This boy here is not tired.
Substitute using the modifiers in Drill 8 above.
r *r
V.17 Drill 10
had Ilvad hadu masi fr anin
These boys here are not happy.
Substitute using the plurals of the modifiers in Drill 8 above.


Moroccan Arabic
102
Unit 6
UNIT SIX
VI.1 Review - Drill I
had Iwid fran .
hada wad fran.
had iwld hada fr)an .
This boy is happy.
This is a happy boy.
This boy here is happy.
Substitute using: big, busy, nice, lazy, tired, little, sick, clean,
new, dirty, blond, brnet (complexion), ugly.
VI.2 Review -Drill 2
had lbnt freana .
hadi but fraana
had Ibnt hadi fr ana .
This girl is happy.
This is a happy girl.
This girl here is happy.
Substitute using the modifiers in Drill 1 above.
***
VI.3 Review - Drill 3
Using each of the following modifiers, form three sentences similar
to the ones below: big, busy, nice, lazy, tired, little, sick,
clean, new, dirty, ugly, small.
had lwlad frzanin .
hadu wIad fran iin .
had 1wlad hadu franin.
These boys are happy.
These are happy boys.
These boys here are happy.


Moroccan Arabic
103
Unit 6
VI.Lj. Review -Dril1l .
dak lwld frhaa
duk iwlad frhmiin
dik lbnt frhais.
duk ibnat frhan&
S ubstitute using the
VI. 5 Review -D rill S
dak iwid fra
dak iwid mafrhan .
hadak 'mid frhai
hadak iwid mxifry
That boy is happy.
diose boys are happy.
That girl is happy.
Those. girls are happy.
modifiers in Drill 3 above.
* sr r
That
That
That
boy is happy.
boy is not happy.
is a happy boy.
boy is not happ.
S ubstituze using .the 5odifi ci's in D rh 3 above.
VI6 Review - Dnr1 6
dik lit frhana
dik lbnt mfrhanas~
hadik bnt frbaa
badik 2.bntmfr)aa
That
Thiat
That
girl is happy.
girl is not happy.
is a happy' girl.
girl- is not happy.
S ubtitute using: busy. tired, nice.
* * *'

Moroccan Arabic
104
Unit 6
~4oroccan Arabic 104 Unit 6
V . 7 R eiew -Drill 7
duk Iwlad frha in
duk lwlad matthanins
baduk wiad frh -i
dhose boys are happy.
Those boys are not happy.
Those are happy boys.
Substitute as in Drill 6 above.
* * *r
Vi.8 iext
ihbaa mti Sa ?
zw lfanTk.
w~rbta dlkilu
pastas-
wa [eaa]
How Bauch are the tomatoes?2
Fiteen franks. (5 franks equal
one U. S. penny)
Weigh four kilos.
fif~teen (see VI .9 below)
to weigh, weigh:
vi. 9 Grammatical Notes.
1. Cardinal Numerals 11- 19 have two forms : futll for ms that end
in /-Z#/ or /r#/ anid shorLtforms without the /-l#/ or
Ezaples :
hdar 'Id hdasl trid bdas dilrlad
hdafr bnt Mail bat h" s dzb.t
0. 0 009
eleven boys
eleren girls
Pul form of 11-19 ending in{:.,1J+ singular or short form of 11-19
endir g in /4- / + d + plural.


Moroccan Arabic
105
nn±t6
tnasr 4
tit :asr
rb c tasr
x~mstasr
st ;aST
sb tasr
t~litasr
is-etasr
hdasl
rb tas
,zxst:s
st: asl
,sb tsj
t~itas.
,ts'ta:
hd3as
taa
*tlt: as
Lrbctasw
L , pastas
st~as
L, sbctas
L mts
I. , ts~tas
eleven
twel~ve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
ei 0teen
nineteen
2. /wzn/ #'to Weights is a triradical verb, i.e. it htas three radicals.
A radical ca be either a con sonant or a vowel. Here, /wzn/ is
the root; it is the dictionary entry for the verb 't weig4h' and
is also the third person masculine singular past tense (perfect)
form, i. e. 'he wei41ied' . In this oartionular "FORM" (see VI .12
below)., the dictionary entry, the third person masculine singular
form in the perfect (past), and the second person masculine
singular ' imprative are all identical.
Vi .10 Drill 8
~~hal~~ kb n a?
tnas
s al m zusas"ndha ?
#nas
Bow many books does she have?
Twelve.
How may sacks does she have?
Twelve.

Moroccan Arabic
106
unit 6
~ndha
"ndbz tna"Sr zncb
cries taslktab
endhatna~1 ia.
end1ia that dlktub
~'ndhatna~ 2~iv.
She
She
She
She
She
She
has
bhas
has
h~as
has
has
twelve
twelve
twelve
twelve
twelve
twelve
books.
sacks,
books.
sacks.
books.o
sacks.
Substitute for fitb/ and /=saf in similar questions and answers,
using nmrals 11, 19, 15, 16, 13, 17, 12, 149 18.
VI.l1 Text
1. kt~b bra md .
ktb tab]
bra (f) / bra:at b3.'7:at
2.0 ktbt braahn d .
ktbti bra lbmd.
ktb bra Thmd .
ktbat bra lbmd
EkabtJ3
Ekabt!]
Ekt%]I
Sktro
He wrote a letter to Abmed,
to write
letter
I wrote a letter to Ahmed.
You (s) wrote a letter to Abmed.
He wrote a letter to Ahmed.
She wrote a letter to Ahmed.
We wrote a letter to Ahmed.
You (p) wrote a letter to Agmed.
ktbna braTh3 d . LktbiJe
ktbtui bra Thmd . Cktabtu)

Moroccan Arabic
107
Unit 6
Morocan Aabic107 nit.
ktbu bra Thmd kGtv
They wrote a letter to Ahmed.
***
VI.12 G a~ical Note
Verbs of the type. /ktb/ 'to write:t, /wzn/ 'to weight , /xdm/
Ito.Work' , are triradical verbs as stated in VI .9. Since none
of the radicals is a vowel, w:. will call these verbs S onmd
Verbs. We will also call suzch verbs as /ktb , wzn , xdm/
Form I. For the vrerb paradiga of Form I Soumd Verbs see Table 1
Appendix A.
* .c *
VI.13 Text
sr u a lqh wadr a w d
drbat1 ld
lbst qa izia zdida
lbrtu lbnt
ixi bz:af .
We drank~ the cowffee.
She hit the boy.
They sat on the chairs .
I put on a new shirt .
You (p) found the girl.
H.did not work a lot.
to drink
to hit
to sit, to sit down
to wear, to put on
db
gis
lbs
i sabJ
drb]i
[glsJ
[lb%1

Moroccan Arabic
108
Unit 6
~br& zbarJ
zdm £xdaim]
bz; :f
to find
to work
a lot, much
negative particle
VI .l3. Drill 9
iwid zb; l~sa dyau The boy found his watch.
Substitute:
nti , lbnt , hpuma , a , ama , d: rari , hiya, huwva , ntuma ,nta.
VI.i5 Text
hr:b s:r:ark Mlhbs
hr-,b hah ~]
sr: aq (mn) / sr:Saqa
bbs (in) / hbasat*.&w bus
hr: bt : r: aq . hrTatJ]
hr-.b s: : a3 . (hTTabJ
Be caused (helped) the thief to
escape from jail.
to cause (help) to rum away, to
suge
thief
jail
I helped the thief to rim away.
You (s) helped the thief to rum
away.
He helped the thief to run away.


Moroccan Arabic
109
Unit 6
hr:bat s;r~aq . Ihrrabat J She helped the thief to run away.
hr:bna s :r;a- . [he rabnE] We helped the thief to run away
hr:btu s:r:a . thrrabtu ] You (p) helped the thief to rn
away.
}r:bu s;r:a . harrbu J They helped the thief to run away.
*x * -x
VI.16 Grammatical Notes
1. /hr:b/ 'to cause to run away, to smnuggle' is here termed Form II.
Form II Sound Verbs are (hypothetically) derived from Form I.
Not all Form II verbs have corresponding Form I verbs. Compare:
hrb (I) to escape
hr:b (II) to cause to escape
Derivation of Form II* is here achieved by doubling the second
radical , thus; (r -r: ), i.e. hrb I , hr:b II . The
meaning of Form II is usually causative, e.g. lb 'to play,
le:b 'to make someone play'. The conjugation of Form II
(Sound) in the perfect (past) is similar to Form I (Sound).
See Table 2 Appendix A.
2. The following verbs occurred in the above texts of this unit:
drb 'to hit', hbs 'to imprison', wzn 'to weigh' and xdm 'to work'.
Note the following derivations from these verbs:


Moroccan Arabic
110
unit 6
drb
drb
0bs
hbs
wzna
Zd=a
16dr%
Ga~rb)
Ehbas ]
Ewzbsn)
EvznI]
[wan I
to hit
beating
to impri son
to weigs
Weight
to work
work
More examples are here listed:
wid
wid
rzq
rzq
[ewld)
[z;]
TzqJ
to treasuare
a tra.tre
to give birth
a boy
to grat (by God)

bounty, compensation

Moroccan Arabic
111
.t 6
sdq
frh
I s48q J
Ensax~
s9 fqa2
to be: rig~t
trulth
to b b ,7
Joy
to cpy ,
a opy
srq
srqa
ifq
3fqa
to steal
theft
to be cmpassionate
pity
Notice the following :
CCC is pronounced CC C in a verb
CCC is proocd C CC in a (derived) noun
CCCV is pronounced C0CCV in a (derived) noun
x' r

Moroccan Arabic
112
Unit 6
VI. 17 Text
$I: 1f ih.
sx:flat 1
hs:n 1:hya
k31u 1da.
I greeted the religious teacher.
She heated the water.
He shaved his beard.
They completed the work~.
s1:.m
S:I
fqmh
2hya
Is exxn 2
illessen]I
(m) / fiq a
{fi / -t
to greet
to warm, to heat
to shave
to finish, to comlete
religious teacher
water
beard
worktIn. 3
ml2=
***
VI. 3.8 Dril2 10
ana kik3.t Ixdma cyali 0
I co pletod mV work.
Substitute:
intar , md , fal a , tjn , ntz bnat , nti , bhiya , buwa

hna .

Moroccan Arabic
113
Un:Lt6
VI. 1.9 Text : Sentences for Practice
dyali .
ntV ktbti 1'nW f3.kzmas
ntij
dyalk .
huwa ktb 1nwnf123m: 8.
dyal.
hiya ktbat1as1 £1mfl: s
yaln3a..
bntumktbt1u1w i t1 ~: a
dyalku.
bzzm~ ktbu lrw m a
dya~hum.
mart Im ciwa(m)/J
debt .kb dyaai
drbti Ikib dyak
dxb ikib dysin
dz'bat Ikib dysaba
drbtu ikib dyalkum ,
I wrote the address in my
notebook.
You (s) wrote the address in your
notebook.
He wrote the address in his
notebook.
She wrote the address in her
notebook.
We wrote the address in our
notebook.
You (p) wrote the address in your
notebook.
They wrote the address in their

notebook.
address (home )
I hit my, dog.
You (s) hit your dog.
He hit his dog.
She hit her dog.
We hit our dog.
You (p) hit your dog.


Moroccan Arabic
114
Jnlt 6
Moroccan Arabic 114 ~Jnit 6
drbu .klb dyalhunn.
gist bia si fls: s5&
gisti bna Si fl : sass
gis bna Si n s: 55aa.
gisat bna si as sacsa.
They hit their dog.
I sat here for about half an houer.
You (s) sat here for about half~ an
hour.
He sat here for about half an
hour.
She sat here for about half an
hoar.
We sat here for about half an hour.
You (P) sat here for about half Pan
hour.
They sat here for about half' an
hour.
here
gl ca n
glst bia
Si
US:
sacs
saca
gls~i ba i 21$:seaa
bna
Zbrt 1mg ama na .
zbrti Ilmagmia a
ibz' zmgz~a ma .
~brat iaaa ka.
Ebma m a a za .
=brtu 2ma Irna .
"ba mga Ia.
14*
I foumd the watch here.
You (s) found the watch here.
He foumd the watch here.
She found the watch here.
We f'ord the watch here.
You (p) found the watch here.
They found the ieatch here.


Moroccan Arabic
115
Unit 6
xdmt tmL-a 'eayn
zdmtitm: a amyn
xd ta amayn
xdmrla tm a eamayn
xdmtu tm: a samayn
zdm tm: a eayn
hdrt mn" wld .
hdrti me " lvd .
hdr me" liid .
hdrat ms iid .
hdrna in wi d .
hdrtu in" wiad .
hdr
Erbt bz: o dliqhwa.
frbti bz;aof diqhwa
Erb bZ:a±' dlqhwa
Erbat bz: of digha .
I worked there f'or two years.
You (s) worked there for two years.
He worked there for two years.
She worked there for two years.
We worked there for two years.
You (p) worked there for two years.
They worked there f'or two years.,
there
I talked with the boy.
You (s) talked with the boy.o
He talked with the boy.
She talked with the boy.
We talked with the boy.
You (p) talked with the boys.
They talked -ith the boy.

to talk
with
I drank a lot of~ cof ee .
You (s) drank a lot of' coffee.
He drank a lot of coffee.
She drank a lot of coffee.


Moroccan Arabic
116
Unit 6
'bna bz : of dlqhwa .
krbtu bz:af dlqghwa
srbu bz z ofdlqghwa
We drank a lot of coffee.
You (p) drank a lot of coffee.
They drank a lot of~ coffee.
* * *
VI.Zf.l Drill 31
(1) bl; ftsI~zk 2bm
b3. -. (II)
(2) wslt al t -'-'as=.
W 3.(II)
'l:m (II)
lqraa
I greeted Ahmed for you. (lit.:
I I caused your greetings to reach
Ahmed.' )
to make something reach, case to
reach, deliver something
I took the girl to school.
to connect, to see that someone or
something gets to... t e b y h w t e d
to teach
studies, reading
Jtrm similar sentences using the following persons for each of the
ez~es above.
lbnt , hiawa ,ba , ;:ial b t uns , nt~ , nti
***

Moroccan Arabic
117
unit 6
Moroccan Arabic 117 mat 6
VI.21 Text
vn3
l~i lI
tl:D1. I
ktb I
ktbi =
ktbu 3
s1:m 3
s 3m
51.:31
twzen]I
Ew zn:])
[' 11Gm]
I~ aimz
tktb b)
Ektb:])
Ekatbu 1
r[sa1 ]
IEsal 10m ]
Is1131] r
Weigh!
Weigh!
Weigh!
Teach!
Teach!
Teach!
Write!
Write!
Write!
Greet!
Greet!
Greet !
(to
(to
(to
ms)
fs)
P)
(to ms)
(to Ys )
(to p )
(to
(to
(to
(to
(to
(to
as)
t)
ms)
fs)
P)
VI. 22 Grauatical Note
Imperative inflections are sufixs. Prom Pors I and II Soumd
triradical verbs, we get:
_u
(ms) (-0 meas'no suffix')
(Cs)
*(p)

Moroccan Arabic
118
UnIt 6
vi 23
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Drill 12
Wf 1 kiln d1l:im
gisi bna I
ktb bra lead :
Weigh two kilos of oranges ! (to ms)
Greet the religious teacher! (to P)
Sit down here! (to f~s)
Write a letter to Abimed:
Direct the above imeratives to the following persons .
(1) nita , nti
(2) n ti , rita
(3) rtum ,nta
(14.) nti , ntuma
*r "
vI.24 Drill 13
Substitute as shown in brackets.
(1) Rinzdz bz : of (d. rani , rita )
(2) maktba t~ 1b'a S ad (iwld , aia )
(6) mw slats lbnt 11m4'rasa (n tum , huma)


Moroccan Arabic
119
Unit ?
UNIT SEVEN
VII.l Review -Drill 2I
Substitute as show in brackets:
2. hiya. wznat ma isa.. (]na , ntrma)
3. hum ktbu lbawat . (ana , huwa )
5. I;=a nbna ima . (ntum ., .hom)
6. nti gisti bna . (nta , ana)
7. huwa lbs 2qsmiaa dyalu . (asa , nta)
8.o utim xdmtu bz:af . (huwa , hiya)
VII 2 Review "Drz.fl2
Substitute as shown in brackets:
2. clmna lbnt lqraya (hawa , eta)
3. kml-t ]1Mam dya2.i (nti , hum)
***

Moroccan Arabi:
120
Ujt ?
VI I. 3 Review - Drill 3
Substitute as shon in brackets (imperative stractures) :
1. sl :m cla and (you f , you P)
2. wzri kilu dl : imn (you mz, you P)
3. kmlulxd--dyaluzm (you m, youf )
1 . gishbna (youP, you f)
5, b4 m' Iwid (you fyou p)
6. ktbi ba 1l ad (you p, you f )
7. ikib (you f , you P)
VII.Ij.Text
lqhwa.
ipid dx'b ikib wlbut drbat
llura .
lid lbs lhwaz Z :lociwlbnt
lbsa~t llwa# lbalyin
huwa rfd s~nduq lkbir uhiya
r~di br lm a dyalu fuq
dyalba tht :b .a
arb ir i :a dlofblib
The man drank the mn ilk and the
girl drank the coffee.
The boy hit the dog and the girl
hit the ball.
Abmed sat in the big chair and
Ai sha sat in the small chair.
The boy wore (put on) the new clothes
and the girl wore (put on) the old
clothes.
He picked up the big box and she
picked up the small box.
The man found his watch on the
table and the woman found her watch
under the table.

He drank just a little bit of milk


Moroccan Arabic
121
Unit ?
11~.1ib
kib / kiab [ksab1)
kua / -t kwai
1 way (IM')
rf'd [ r±ad ]
y'ir
5oY :a
milk
dog
ball
clothes
to pick up., to carry
exc aot, but = only
little
VII.S Text
ktb bra Thtd.
l:m wldu lqraya..
sawb tzubi1 dyalu.
aral lmeilik wair dyain
3.tauaaa
t~l : rd:rs dyalu
tfahm ea lfqih
htm lfib
stem lb~sklita dyali
He wrote a letter to Ahmed.
He taught his son how to read
HeI fixed his car.
The king sent his minister to
Tangier.
He learned his lesson.
He reached an agreement with
the teacher.
The stew was burned.
He respected the teacher.
Be became red, he blushed.
He used my bicycle.
1.
:I
8 ;'tosend" Fob 17 is among the very few verbs used in M. A.
as a direct borrowing from Standard Arabic. Porm 17 has been rep.Laced
by Form . I. Thus, for almost all speakers, the form is frsl' to send' .
Form 17 is ,cm the decline in M.A. If it ever occurs, it occurs in the
educated dialect.

M oroccaa Arabic
122
Unit 7
guuxs
b skli ta (f) / -t
lesson
bicycle
VII .6 Gra.mtical Notes
2.. The ten sentences in VII. 5 above exemplify the ten forms of
Moroccan Arabic Sound Triradical Verbs (I X) .
2. Forms II X are called derived forms (theoretically from
Form I).
3. Forms II - X (as Forms) are here listed in order:
6tru1cure
a1R2R3
tRlP°23
RtRR3
sawb
arsi
II
InT
to
to
to
to
teach
fix
send
learn
IV~ (rare)
iifabm . VI
VZ
[tahrq]
htaz'm v
agreement
to be burnt
to respect
Derivation
(~dical2is doubled)
(-a- infix between
R1 and R
(a- prefix)
('b- prefix and R
is doubled or t-
prefix to Foarm II )
(tr p,.prefix and -a.-

infixi/between Rland
R2; r t-prefix to
Form III)
(t-. prefix)
(-ta- infix betwee
k an dP2 )
(-a- infix between
(at- prefix)
,,,al l bmr IX
atR1R2R3 sttml z
IEstSabmft
(rake) to become red
to use
=some speakers have now prefix: nhrq
t hrq "to be bunt *.""
' to be burnt' ; others have /t :-/ tt ]

Moroccan Arabic
123
Unit 7
Moroccan Arabic 1Z3
4. Forms II - X: meaning
It is hard to state for
however, in most cases:
Form II :
Form III :
Form IV
Form V
Form VI :
Form VII
Form VIII:
Form II
FormX
sure the meaning for derived verb forms;
to make, or cause to be
to make or cause to be
to cause to be or do
to be, to become
to do something mitually
to be done, medio-passive
reflexive of Form I
pertains to colors or defects; to
be or become a certain color, or
to have a certain defect
may have the same meaning as Form I;
to force oneself to...
5. Conjugations of these forms in the past (perfect) are identical
with that of Form I (see VI .11). Their imperative forms also
have the same suffixes as those of Form I (see VI .21, 22).
See Tables 3 - 8 Appendix A.
w, ,

Moroccan Arabic14
124
Unit 7
VII.7 Text
xdmt Ibarh ilbiru dyali
salbt kul: mzai
tsl :1t bz ;ao dlmsa'il
had 1xd .
tfaht mra 2fqih
huwa htarm r: a~y dyali
am strait duk 1kiitub dyalu .
tbrqat :aT dyalhium.
biro (in) / birizyat ~ bi uwat
1.: Si
msacala (f) / msa' i3
racy (in) /'awa'
Yesterday I worked in my office.
I finished everything .
I did everything well.
I learned a lot of things from
this work.
I reached an agreement with the
teacher.
He respected my opinon.
I used his books.*
Their home was burned.
office
everything, everybody
problem, matter, issue
opinion
vIL8 DT*1 .
substituzte as Lomalin bakts:
2. ;: a~l uakbs iqhva dyalu (inta , had)
3. lwld -4tb ikib chai (ntuina., hiya)
14. a:as gi.sa v1islyat l2baz; (him , znta)
5. 1 na milbsnas irayi z:&-&d (am , hiya)

6. hiya rfdat lbaky~at (n: a , uaa)
8. l'yalat h 4;m bz :af (bns , fa lm)
* r

Moroccan Arabic
125
Unit ?
VII.9 Drill 5
Answer the following questions in the aff'irmative, then in the negative.
1. wa ssl:mti l : fqih ? (was "interrogative particle")
2. was k: tbtu $ u~us dyalkm ?
3. was "l:mat widha lqaya?
1.was s: nu ima ?
6. was k1n lx dma dysihum?
VI I.1O Drill 6
Subttiitt as shown in brackets :
1. mawbats I : umbil dyalha (ana , nti)
2. Iwid )lam lfqih (lbnt , d: rari )
3. st~m2l sua xbil dy ali (ntum , nta)
VII.llI Drill 7
gIs f : a dyalu si sactayzi , wcs t.;s dyalu, k-,:l 2dma dyalu
flewy:a wbs :n l:rya dyalu wibs ] s~u wsl.:m 'lband wzl (descend)
11ga~az wwawb 1:tUbil dyalu
(1) Translate the passage thn use as ib jeet s /ntua , )naf.
(2) Put the passage in the negative using /nta/
x w Xc

126
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 7
Moroccan Arabic 126
VII.3.2 Text
(2) 'Was hdrast mwak ?
la , mb t may.
(3) }Was ttl: m ihad s:i ?
la , in.zal. -
~z a
(is ~al mtkl:matis 'a abind ?
iwa, Safi daa . tkl :mt
in?ah had g: ba~
iwa
safi
daba
(5) rbti atay dyalk ?
(6) sari
atay
Did you work today?
Yes, I worked a lot.
Did she talk to you?
No, she did not talk to me.
Did you (p) learn. this thing ?
No, not yet.
not yet
Haven't you talked to Ahmed yet?
W ell , it is all right now, I talked
with him this morning.
well
all right, enough, finished
now
Did you drink your tea?
all right, enoughi, finished
tea
* *
vii .13 Drill 8
Traslate:
(1) nzdi zrbiy:a ba& balyas wy: a
~ndk bz~of dMhwayzw
snu i zzabi yein
Qndha b : f dt:Sal'

Moroccan Arabic
127
TInj t 7
cndha 'rr Si 5WY: a dZ :it
s'ndkmca baky :a kbfra
'ndhu2 baky: a kbira
maktb~ S 4;dyalu
mabat i ibib dyalha
uatk1:mrnas muba lfqih
mall1sut~s "1a fatima
(2) was had s~ dyalk ?
was bad lktab dyalu ?
was had lmragaia dyalha ?
was had 1msa dyalk ?
(3) w uta mgid ?
was nta eY:n ?
y:Lih v7: 2mSWY: a
was hiya mAlua SWoY:3?
la , ess~aay .
(1) tbhreat d: as dyaahum
stem na t:vmbil g: dida
mtrmai ~st:umibil Z: dida
tk2~mi a abm
YmnU mtisa fs:uq
ibis almagana dyalba.
***

Moroccan Arabic
128
Unit 7
VII1.14 Text
ktbli bra I k
ktbilha bra [k
ktbilna bra I 3{
kthuah12.m bra I
'YSl: i 1ks I 3C<
'rsli.i ikas
'yslfla Ikisan I
~tbi1h
ke tbullhurj
Write (ins) me a letter!
Write (l's) her a letter!
Write (f s) us a letter!
Write (p) them a letter!
Wash
Wash
Wash
(mns) the glass ±for me !
(i's) the glass f'or me!
(p) the glasses f'or us!
sawbli t:unibil I
btzr h3
htarm2h I
s1l:mi I
'rsl Ya2 Jd~s1
kas (a) / kisai
Z-
Fix (ins) the car f'or me:
Respect (ins) him!
Respect (f's) hi3m!
Respect (p) him!
Teach (ins) me !
Teach (f's) me!:
Teach (p) us !
to wash
glass
to, for
VII-1 iSGramatica1 Notes
I. Obect Pronominal 'ufixes associated with transitive verbs
(and the preposition "i of, from')3


Moroccan Arabic
129
Unit 7
l4oroccan Arabic 129
-ni
-ha
-na
-hum
2. Object Pronominal
1- 'to t (after an
me
you (s)
him
her
us
you (p)}
them
suffixes associated
intransitive verb) :
with the preposition
-1
-k
-u oo--ih
-ha
-na
-kum
me
you (s )
him
her
us
you (p)
them
VII.16 Verb List
So fbar we have learnied the f'ollowing verbs : (Notice: A preposition
showan after a verbmen that the verb can be imtmnsitiye and mal
occur with this particular preposition.)
Form I.
ktb (1-)
xdm (m 'a)
to write (to)
to work (with)

Moroccan Arabic
130
unit ?
~roccan Arabic 130 Unit 7
gis (' 1a)
hd~ (m'ia)
rid
zbr
srb
drb
hb (in)
lb s
r'sl 'Ys1
to sit down (on)
to talk rith)
to pick up
to ±find
to weigh (for)
to drink
to bit, to beat
to escape (from)
to wear, to put on
to wash
Form Z:
bl1 (1-)
Ws:2. (1')
5l:m (cla.)
hs:n
Form I "I
sawb
to convey (to), to make reach (f'or)
to mke something reach (to, for)
to greet
to teach
to warm, to heat
to shave
to finish
tofi~x
Form VY:
t .: m
to learn

Moroccan Arabic
Unit ?
131
Moroccan Arabic Unit 7
Form VI:
t f sbIMm ( ~a)
to reach mutual understanding (with)
Form vii:
Form VIII:"
hta m
Form IX:
Form XZ:
stcm1
t:brq nb~q
to burn
to respect
to become red
to use
*t *
VII.17 Drill 9
T s~to the following imperatives.
1. to ms Write a letter to Abmed!
2, to. fa Work with the boy!
3. top Sit on the bigochairs !
4~. top TalktoAhmed !
5,v to =s Pick up the package !
.6. to fa Wegh the tomtoes !
7., to p Drink your milk !
8. to m Hit the dog!
9. top Wasbyour clothes !
10. to fa Greet paed!


Moroccan Arabic
132
knit ?
11. to ms Fi the new car1
12. to v Finish your work!
13. to ra Respect th% girl !
14~. to fs Use may new car !
VI-18 Drill 10
1w2.d -g2Ls bra
iwid sg1ss bna
(Note: assimilation o±f -s# to fs/ of' the negative mor'pheme m ...s3
Form similar sent ences using the follovng.
1. fa~ina - ktb ba - 3
2. 'eli - h ms lfqih
3. n : as- - atay
l.itylt lb s - wayi- zdad
5. Ts5Z1 -?]Sin 1:hya
6. ba - km:l 1lcdma
r r r
VII .19 Gramtical Notes
Cardinal Numerals #20
ssrin20
tlatin 30
;bein4.0
~in .5o
stria 60

MOrOccaz1 Arabic
133
Unit 7
133 U~±t 7
sbrin
tm~in
tstin
zy a
v3d utrin
trzayn utlatin
;bta wmsiu
mea wsb' n
sts a wtmnain
sb'a wsttis
tmn ya~main
ta'td ii beim
sbva vts'in
ts'ud ututin
Note /w- amu/ S°dW: W"" after
tnayn thain "two"n
ny Sw bca wesrin
mrsa web~a watsin
Wo sa wsavtlti
mitayn
tit r: a
;be y: a
St: Q' Wa
70
80
90
100
32
33
54
75
86
67
58
49 -
67
J49
99
vowel, n- after caisonant.
124.
167
135
102
200
300
400
600

Moroccan Arabic
134
Unit ?
Mozocoan Ara~.c 134 Unit 7
tb= my:a
alf / alaf w uluf uflufat
mitayn usbba
t2.t my &a wwa 'a
a3if ta'e ya wtlata wsbtin
alfayn
tit alaf
;be alaf
abt alai
tat alaf
e alf
700
800
900
1000
207
318
593
1973
2000
3000
4000
7000
9000
10000
ulyim / ulayn
ulyimaayn .ui U mlayxa
bly
1, 000,000
2,000,000
billion
* * *
VII. 20 D ri1n1
T raalate.
tiatin , abta wbtin , aw vnay , ;bta vabtin , alt ut t ws
wbta , = Ws a wUIni , bt x s wtstin , zm w sa utlata wtn
aif utat awsa utinza wtlatin , tsaa==in , ea wtlatiu.
* * *i

Moroccan Arabic Ui 3
trait ?
135
VII.21 Drifl 12
Give the Moroccan Arabic fore
37; 95 1883 369; 1537; 67; 555; 357;
37O,345,678,123; 678.
1103; 8100; 23.94.56; 934,345,
** *
VI i.22 G mtical Note
MThird Person Drect
Object Pronominal. zff ices
Direct bject
you s
he
she
we
YOU p
ktbt
ktbti
ktb
ktbat
ktbna
ktbta
ktbu
[m.8.
f.s.
ha
ha
ha
ha
ha
ha
hun
bum
bun
hum
hun
hm
hun
{____________lI
Direct object ao s. is fu/
after a consnant and /h/!
after a vrowel.
ktbt 4:s -ktbtu
ktbna4s5 -ktbnah
inktbts v:WSr - Riktbtui
uakbnas 4:r8- inktbnsh-
Also note that this applies to pitepositions oding in voels, e. g.
fbi/ 'with',f/ta/ 'with' , /tla/ 'on', /iS!' in' , f/maf behind,
after' ,f/waf ' after, bend', /jda/ 'near, neat to, at one's place'.,
fwyrsa/ 'with' and the presentational particle f a/ ''hacre is, are' .
Eza=3les
)dah
'with him' utaba
'at his place' Ibdaha
'here he is' ;abs
'with her'
'at her place
'here she is'

Moroccan Arabic
136
Unit 8
UNIT BIGHT
VII.1 Review- Drill 2.
Answer in negative.
2. wag ktbat 4:;s dyalha ?
3. was btti lqhwa dyalkum'
,was zb~i a cdral bdnd?
5. was kI nlat lzd dyalba ?
6.o was awbt± Iuinibil dyali ?
7. was rfd $ nuq ?
8. was Ibsti 11payZ sdad dyalk ?
10. was st"nlti lbsk1ita 2. na ?
Viu .2 Review IDrfl2
Alswer using pronouizal Buff izes as follows:
w s 1 ltil xda ?
ls , kslthas
1. was ibat lqhwa 9
2. was b'tl mgn?
3. was rfd 9p:D41q ?


19 ___ _--- A ..LS .
t1~4
M1oroccanZI aD1.C 137
1.. Ras 'rsl ikas ?
5" Ras is1:Ua "1sfqih ?
6. Ras sawb sumbi1 ?
8. Was tf sbmt mpa an~d ?
9. vas t 1:Kti 4: 9
10. was 4s santi 1: to ?
VIII. 3 Review D rill 3
sal fs: ata ?
l 1da wbt
Substitute using:
3:05, 7:10, 8:15, 9:30, 6:145, 2:1.0, 8:20, 9:25, 6:30.
x w~
VIII.1~ Review - Drill 14
Give the Moroccan Arabic for:
19, 23, 17, 85, 16, 77, 11, 3, 109, 68, 2, 55, 1973, 2000, 7, 853,
923, 55, 200, 190, 23, 4, 5109, 99.
*t * *

138
M oroccan Arabic13
unit 8
VIII.$ Text
(1) bea~
zar
xaf
1Zarida
bna lyum.
f as 1 "sbuc lm di
m iki~b
He sold his car.
He brought the newspaper.
He was here today.
He visited Fez last week.
He was afraid of the dog.
zarida (f )
IL
bat (1)
Mab (1)
kaz: (u)
zar (u)
xaf (a)
IZara' 1
newspaper
to sell-1
to bring
to be
to visit
to fear
Visit (mss)
Have (ms)
(2) zib l2arida I
ziir fas!
=1 1:ah I
the newspaper!I
Fez
the fear of Clod!
1: a
God
** *
VIII. 6 G rsmtical Notes
bas i) , ;a (u) , f (a) are triradi cal verbs, The only difference
between bas and ktb is that bat has a vocalic medial radical. This
radical changes in the imperfect (see IX. 8) and in the imperative
(see conjugations below). The vowel of the imperfect is always given
Si Sev III.6.

Moroccan Arabic
139
nit 8
in parentheses following the medial weak verb, i.e. bat (i), :;. (u),
zaf (a) . This vowel is the same as that of the ierative for this
group of verbs (F orm I medial weak). The medial weak verb vowel
changes in the perfect . P aradi gs for the verbs /ba/ (i) ,/An/ (u),
and/zaf/ (a) are here shown- in the perfect and imperative. S ee also
Tables 10 - 12 AppendixzA.
Perfect
you (s )
he
she
we
you (p)
they
bat (i) 'to sells
be t
bseti
bat
bset
k (ui) to be'
kmt
kzni
2mf (a) 'to be afraid'
xft
xfti
xaf
aat
bsna
by to
bare
kUfl:a
Inm rtu
kanu
xfna
=ftu
Imperative
ms
ifs
bi-e
bis'i
bic'u
IIon-
Iozi
kunu
xaf
zafi
=nu
* x

Moroccan Arabic
140
Unit 8
VIII.7? Drill 5
G iven the following verbs, form (a) imperatives (ms, fs, P).9
(b) usefuil sentences using the Words listed nest to each verb.
ban (a) to appear (:if ssuq )
bat C.i) to sell (la qm , lbai.)
daz (u) to pass (d~rari , un bna)
( i) to fly (hiawa , w~afi )
tam (ui) to swim (IwId , lbah)
saf (11) to see (ana , tea:d , hua)
zad i) to add, to continue (ata , sink:ar , fatay)
U4 (Cu) to throw away (bna , 2qmaz)
qam (u) to get UP,' to (thin i ,M lkurzi )
stand up
qam (i) to prepare (;:azl , atay)
(e. g. tea)
VIII.8 Text
(1) ta lktab liwid . He gave the book to the boy.
bda 2xda dyalu lytm . He began his work today.
xda d:Wa . He took the medicine.
tta Ci) to give
bda (a) to begin
xda (-u) to tak
dwa C m) / myat- 'adwiya medicine


141
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 8
(2) cti ktab Thmd I
bda lxdmz
id atay
Give (ms) the book to Ahmed!
Begin (ms) the work!
Take (mns) the tea!
VIII. 9 Grammatical N~otes (conjugations are on tape in the language laboratory)
1. bda (a), (i) and xda (u) are final weak triradical
verbs (Form I). Vowels in parentheses indicate changes in the
imperfect (see IX .8) and the imperative (see paradigms
below). The convention (4.u) means that the final /-.a#/ of'
xda changes to medial /-u-/! as in its imperative (is), mid
Ztke
Study the following paradigms for perfect and imperative
of Form. I finaal weak verbs : CAlso See Tables 13 - 15 Appendix A.)
Perfect
you (s)
he
she
we
you (p)
they
bda (a) 'to begin:
bdit
bditi
bda
bdat
bdina
bditu
bdaw
't8ito give=zda EU) tto taket
tit idit
Ttiti iditi
"ta xda
tat xdat
' ina
"rtitu
133
xdina
xditu
xdaw

Moroccan Arabic
142
Unit 8
Imperative
ms
bda
belay
bdaw
"sti
"tip
'rtiw
VIIIao Drill 6
G iv m the following verbs, form affirmative and negative perfect
sentences using the gives =b j ects and objects.
zwa (j)
q-a (a)
kla (-u)
k.a (i)
bqa (a)
'to empty,
t to read'
"to eat't
* to smk
'to remint
- (l af) - huwa
- (1b~'a) - aa
- (t~~aba) nti
- (lga ;u)-
- (tn-a) - lbnt
* t -
VIII.12. Text
raa llmdrasa fs: bah bkri
nsat 1.= a dyalha fixiz . .
hdina mgwa l d .
faq ft:Ssa ds~bsh

'Tab 'samyn fbariz"
He went to school early in the
morning.
She forgot her sack in the
library.
We presented Ahmed with a watch.
He woke up at 9 a.m.
He was (absent) in Paris for two
years.
He got up and left.
na d ma

Moroccan Arabic
143
Lhit 8
m~ai)to go, to walk
nsa (a) to forget
bhda (i) to give a present
faq (i) to wake up
'tab (i) to be absent
lad (u) to get up
VIII.12 Drill 7
Substitute as shoes in brackets.
2. f aq bkri 1y m . (nta , ntuim)
i f.an~d f s sinima . (hiy'a , bum)
5. qam atay bn: tnat . (nti , sa)
6. yab fbariz tit ihut . (3jna , nti )
7. zab lzarida dyal .17M . (hiya , nta)
8. a4 irwab tfs:aka fluid . (ana , hiya)
9.* bat j um bil dzylu l mnm:d . Cbiya , ana)
10. kan bna ft: sea dd bad~ . (hum,, ntuua)
VIII.13 Drill 8
Give the Moroccan Arabic fors
1. Visit Ahmed! to s. s.
2. s ell your cart to f .s.
3. Bring the newspaper! to mos.
ii. Visit Fez! to p1


VIIIl. Drill 9
Substitute as showri in brackets.
2.. a lktab liwid . (aria , nita)
2. bda lxdza. lyum . (rita , hiya)
4,. wa 1ma flkas . (hiya , rita)
5. bqa f;:bat v am . (bra , huma)
7. kia Jxiibz mea z: ituri . (ritum , hiya)
8. km bz : f lyum . (hums , aria)
9. 8~a 1lmt 'asa bk'i . (aria , nita)
10. nsa ktabu f4: a . (rita , hiya )
U1. hda mgena librit . (hum , rita)
VIII a5 Drill 10
Translate.
1. m i: d 2 lmaa fQ:bSa bkri , wrfa .meait 1s:u4 wbat m iisa
2. asina lktub dya nrd mzbm: d
3. kiaw 2kak an"rdi lbarl .
4. na4 rsins suq
6. iringa mflu:af .
7. wal bda Wl: amzal ?
8. 4 s tay wzidlu s:uk: a


Moroccan Arabic
145
Unit 8
Moioccan Aabjc 145 Unit 8
VIII.16 Text
(1) fy :q wldu bkri.
ZX1: a t:u!Elbil dyalu Ida
: a lbazh fl:it
Wr:a lktab 1r:a.l
fysq
Xl: a
'~fl aS
wr: a
He woke his son up early.
He left his car by the movie
theater.
He sang last night.
He showed the book to the man.
to wake (someone) up
to let, to leave
to sing
to show
(2) Xl:j t:umibfl hna 3
If:q lwld I
2:i I
wT;2, lktab lind 3
Leave the car here?
Wake the boy up?!
Sing? (me)
Show the book to Abmed?
* * *
VIII-17 Gramatical Notes
1. 'to cause to wake up' is
Form I faj (ip) to wake up'.
Form II medial weak, derived from
Coare the ifolloyin:

Form Ii (medial weak)
Xw: f 'to frisiten'
Zw:l ' to elnate, take off'i
Fobrm I
zaf (a)
zal. (u)
(medial weak)
'to be afraid'
'to be elininated'

146
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 8
Moroccan Arabic 2.46 Unit 8
tar (i) 'to fly'
ned (u) 'to wake up'
yab (i) ' to be absent'
wa (i) 'to live'
ty:z itto cause to fly'
flW:d 'to cause to wake up=
y'y:b ' to cause to be absent'
: s 'to cause to live:
Notice that Form I verbs of (a) and (u) type have /w:!/ as the
medial radical in Form IT, whereas Form I verbs of (i) type
ha e/ : st emd a a i a nF I2 xl :a, and wr:a are Form II final weak verbs. The vocalic
change in the imperfect and imperative is always (i).
Study the following paradigms for the medial weak Form II
verbs : f y :q to wake up' and kw :n 'to create, to ma~ke' and
f or xl :a 'to let, to leave t for Form II final weak. (Alo ee
Tables 20O 23 Appendix A. )
Perfect
you (s)}
he
she
we
you (p)
they
fy:q 'to wake up'
fyt:qt
fy: qti
fy:q
y:qat
kw:n 'to create'
kw:nti
kw-.nt
kw:na
Xl:a 'to let, to leave'
X14-Pit
X2:Lti
X3. -
xl: at
fy: qna
fy:qta
ily -.qu
kW~n ~a
kw:ntu
kwF~u
xl~aw
Imperative
ms fy:q
fs fy:Qi
p fy~qu
kw~n
kw-nu
Xl : i
x1:7
xI:iW

Moroccan Arabic
147
Unit 8
VIII. 18 Drill 11.
T ranslate the following sentences.
3.
2.
3.
6.
d:r:i xaf =1 ikib . 1k2.b xw:f' d:r:i
lbnt nadt bki . 1ma flW: at lbnt
'a 'as bna 'camayn .n :as ry ;':az2.(ndbum camayn
Xl : a :um bi dyalu 1Oda 1aa
W : a: dya2.u llbnt
viii a9 Text
rfe±' I:bla.
2'a;aby:a (f)
H e translated the book intoA rabic.
H e mfved the table.
to translate
to move , to swing, or to she sometbhing
Arabic language
:%P *
VIII. 20 Grazr atica3. Notes
1. an 'to translate' and f fr to move' are quadrzlitera2.
(quadriradical) sound verbs.
2. Thiey are con~jugated the same as triliteral sound verbs. (See
Table 9 Appendix A.)


Moroccan Arabic
148
Unit 8
?4ooccan Arabic 148 Unit 8
Perfect
you (s)
he
she
-we~
you (p)
they
ti 'to translate t
trzmt tomt)]
001zrm t t r a t ]
" [.~t
v~Ldi
,tQ tu
tritm
It,9rzamtuJ
" .O~
Imperative
ms
trW
we ni
eAemJ
Ett' m]
I .ZZ
3. Other quadri-l'teral stems are :
±rgt (Efag c] to explode, to blast
Zll, Efzazel)to shake
tmt tamtamJ] to stutter
S uch verbs as zlzi ' to she' and tmtm 'to stattez"* are also
referred to as "Reduplicative" .
*c * *

149
Moroccan Arabic
Unit 8
VIII. 2I Text
sd: lbab
hs: r:bi.
hb: int
Zr: .1biklita.
d:a lktab
a fas lbarh .
He
He
He
He
He
He
closed the door.
mowed the grass.
loved the girl.
dragged the bicycle.
took the book (along with him).
came from Fez yesterday.
Sd;
~bi
hb:
d: a,
ia4
3d3
ECm}
[he bb 3
.d
idd j
to close
to mow
grass
to love
to drag., pull
to take along
to come
(i)
(3)
* * *
VIII. 22 Grammatical Notes
1. sd: 'to closet gi 'to mow', 'to love' and it: 'to drag'
are biradical verbs. They will be referred to as "doubled verbs"
since the final radical (B2) is a tense one. They are
conjugated differently from triradical verbs. Conjugations of

Ed: 'to grab' and dq: (0-) in the perfect and imperative are
listed here for practice. ( (-u-) here refers to a medial
/-u-/ that appears for some doubled verbs in the imperfect
and imperative.) Also see Tables 16 and 17 Appendix A.

M orcccaa Arabic
150
U nit $
M oroocan Arabic ISO Unit 8
Perf~ect
you (s )
he
she
we
yo (P)
they
s: t'to grab
sd: it
Sd iti
sd: at
sd: fla
sd: iti
dq: (-u-) 'to 2sockI
dq: it
dq_:=ti
dq:
dq:3t
dq: me.
Am~ -m I
dq:u
duq:-
duq: i
duq:u
Imperative
ms
fs
Sd: j
2. la 'to come' and d :a ='to take away't are bAdi cal weak
verbs. Their conjugation is similar to final weak Form I

of the "t (i) type. la and d :a are here canvugated in the
perfect and imperative. Also see Tabl.5 18 and l9 Appendi A .
Perfect
you (s)
he
she
la Ito comet
lit
iiti
zat
d:ea 'to)take 8a1oig'

d: it
d: iti
d: a
d:at

Tin -I + R
%s- -- - - - -- a-_i_ -
Moroccan Arabic 15 1 r.
we zin? d: ins
you (p) ~itu d: itu
they aw d: aw
Imperative
ms azi d: i
fS aiy d: V
p aZiW d: iW
V111.23 Drill 12
Substj tut s as showni in brackets,*
1. ua$m lba l1ltaaby a . (aria , hiya )
2. f f :bjsa bzsaf . (nita , riti)
3. Sd: ibab dyal "au . (hum. , ritum)
14.. 1s:;:bit f $:bS) bkri . (1ma , nita)
7. dsa 1qd4 ilasuq . (hums , riti )
8. za m fa~s lyum . (aria ,)bria)
* :'c

152
Moroccan Arabic
unit 8
VIII. 24 Grammatical Mote s
The following are complementary notes on the verb in the perfect and
imperative.
(1) Imperatives (also imperfect form) of the following Form I sound
triradical verbs have a medial (-u-):
dxl to enter; dxul Biter!
skn to reside; skun Reside!
xrz to go out; ZX=u Get out!
skt to be silent; sknt Be silent!
szn to be warm; sxon Get warul
qtl to kill; qtul Kill!
(2) The following verbs have variant forms which are listed here:
kia - kal to eat; kul Bat!
xda zad to take; mad Take!
saft sift to send; sift Send!
(3) M (i) 'to go' has the imperative sir (ma), s_i (fs), siru (p);
and _a 'to come' has the imperative a (ma), a:y (fs) (p).
(4) COie imperative form that has no corresponding perfect form
(nor an imperfect) is:
ara (ms) , ari (fs) , araw (p) Give! laud over!
***

Moroccan Arabi.. 153 Unit 8
VI II.25 Drill 13
T ranslate.
1. dal ' zid 1. Eb atay t
2. sir Z4:a 3t
3. aziw bkri ~d a!
4.aziy !
5. ara lktab
6. cif j lbra lmdt
7. kIz1 S !l lksksu dyalk


Moroccan Arabic
154
3nit 9
Moroccai Arabic 154 Unit 9
UNIT NINE
IX. 2. ReVi si - Drill 1
Give the negative for:
2. ktb 4:;s dyalu (aria)
3. itb lqhwa dyalu (hums)
1 ,. owb t.imxbi1 dy'alu (bra)
5. zaf m ikib (nti)
6. faq bkri 1yum (rita)
7., as f: ba.# ve ayna (ritumrn)
8. zab i1zaida dyalbum (aria)
21. wa Irmn fikas (rita)
12. qa lktab 1ba (hiya)
13. kI= bz :aof lit (rturn)
24. nzsa ktabua f4: a;(burn)
15. hda rnana lbrit (rita)
iX.2 pReview - ]) i11 2
tswer in the negative using pronoiunal SuffS.XOB.


M oroccen A rabic
155
Unit g
M oroc~ A raie 155U mit,
1. was ''slat ikas ?
2. was Ibsti 1 isaya z: dad dyak ?
3. was rfd 9:ndiu1 ?
4.was s1: m t1 1!qih ?
5. was tfabmat nta an~d ?
6. was orb ;umbi1 ?
8. was batu 'J:uibi1 dya2bum ?
10. was faq bksri leam?
IX. 3 Review - Drill 3
Give the iepratives for:
1. Via lktab livid (f.s.)
2. bda lzdm lym (p)
3. id a t: f: aka d: r: i ( . s. )
14. zwalaflkas (u. s. )
5. qaMiktab lym (f.s.)
6. kia 3ksksu {(zos.)
7.a.1 lg:U dyalk (p)
8. msa iuM asa (f . s)
9. bhda .gmaa fbnt (p)
10. bqa bna lyum (f .s. )
** i *

Unit 9
Moroccan Arabic
156
IX. 4 .Text
kayktb lsnwan dyali
kayktb =ysn
kaync s b)k'i.
kayc~m Wldu lq;aya .
kayd: s daba
kayebawn bn Tx dyalu.
k y~aui bind f s' dyU
kaytkl ~m luglizy: a ~~
ha huwa , kaytkl:m bra .
kayhtarm hn.
kayt rqdaba.
kastmLni :1uibl dyain dim.
He is writing my address.
He writes nicely.
He goes to sleep early.
He teaches his son how to read.
He is teaching now,
He helps Awmed rith his wok.
He is helping Ahmed with his work.
He spak good English.
There he is, talking outside.
He respects Ahmed.
It (min bur now.
It turns red.
It is turning red.
He always uses his car.
ass [nt*%]
2qaya
q;":a
lnglzy: a 4lugl iza
nglizi
b;: a
is
to sleep, to go to sleep
reading,
to teach
English langaage
English (in) Nisba
Outside
almas
***

Moroccan Arabic
157
U nit 9
ix. Gra-C~ticta:lNotes
1. The previous text has sentences containing verbs in their present
tense [imperfect, as opposed to perfect (or past) forms].
Imperfect corresponds to English present, progressivre and
habituial.
2. Notice the use of the imperfect prefix /ka-/ (which has the
variants /tam-/ /da-/ and /la-f for some speakers) . /ka-/ is here
ref erred to as the Frequentative Particle and the imperfect plus
/ka-/ is ref erred to as the Frequentative Form denoting habitual
or progpessive action (SaeAppendix B).
Imerfect with the Frequentative Particle /kca-/
k~tb 'to write'
I kaniktb t ki ktab ]
you (ins) katktb f taktb]
you (f's) katktbi (1mtktb? ]
he kayktb [] ykt%]
she katktb [kmtektab]
we kanktbu E[kktbo]
you (P) katktbu [3 tktbv ]
they kayktbu [(oyekctbv 3
3. All sound forms I X con juite alike in the imperfect. See
Tables 1- 8 Appendix A

Moroccan Arabia
158
Unit 9
4.The term "isba'7 that appears in parentheses after an hglish
gloss is a term used by Arab grammarians for a certain class of
adjectives. These are all regu2ar in form
/dm~rib/ 'Morocco,, /ma'ribi/ (mn) "Moroccan' (Nisba) [i.e. per-
tamning to Morocco. The full paradigm is :
ma yib i (ma), mayriby :a (fs), m'rriby : in (mp), mvf'riby :at (±p)
Also :
amirika 'America',,,airki (in) 'American' (Ilisba).
The full paradigm is :
(fp)
Ix.6 DrillIj
Substjt ate as shiot in brackets.
1. kayktb zuz b'awat f s:3mna (ama , nti)
2. katnva dim bki . (tntu~m , ba)
3. 2"yalat kaytkl; t dim bz:aof (ta , huwm)
1.. 1wld kaytawn ;: ail f3lxdm dyalu . (ama , hum)
5. kayt'l:mi 1ngizy~a±l aa (hiya , ama)
6. kyai a z:d bz: sf .(nti ,
7. kayrfd 9sn q {(ite. , biya)
8. maatl ya= . t(sta ,msa)
9. kaysttul I:uintbi1 dya].u (hum , ama)
10. kath ua lfqih (eta , mti )
** *

159
Moroccan Arabic
Uarit 9
Moroccan Arabic 2~59 Unit 9
Ix. 7 Text
k y i Z it uq kyzib w ldu an lmdrasa 3k1 :
har .
d.~kayzur f£2s5f£s: if
kayxaf TIikiab bz 81'.f
kayr ti Ibawa lbntu
kaybda lxdmnabkri
kaya~zid d:wa dyalu 3o1: c5y: a
He sells olives i~n the market.
He brings his son from school
everyday.
He always visits Fez in summer.
He fears dogs a lot.
He gives candy to his daughter.
He begins his work early.
He takes his medicine every
evening.
kaY£yf: qwldu ]all: sbah.
kayzl 1 t :uaszbil dyalu 1hda l3ihkaa.
kaytram ibra l.r:azi
Iayhb: lbnt bz: of
kayd: i l' ~dyalu an ah
diva .
kayi i f s: bh bkr i
S: if
s:.w
r: bis'
1 if
zjhkaui (f)/- t
1yd~a (in) / -mat
He wakes his son every morning.
He leaves his car by the court .

Be is translating the letter for
the ma.
He loves the girl very mach.
He always takes his lumch along
with him.
He comes early in the morning.
sumer
winter
spring
autu n
court of lmV
1lunch
***

M o2roccaf Arabic
160
Unit 9
Ix. 8 Gramatical Notes
1. The conjugation of medial weak verbs in the imperf'ect is here
listed with the pref'ix /ka-/ (Frequentative particle):
Ierf'ect with the Frequentative Particle /ka-/
you (ins)
you ('s )
he
she
we
you (p)
they
bar' i) 'to sell f
kanbi"
katbi
ka.tbic'i
kaybic
katbic
kanbicu
katbi vu
kaybieu
xa'(a) 'to
3satxaf
be afrai c'
ka Cu) 'to bet
kattm
kayzma±
k2"Xaful
iatzafu
kayzafu
kayor
katki m
k~knu
sat~ou
kaykiu
Notice : The vowel in parentheses is that o±f the imperfect (also of the
imperative; see VI II.6. A.so see T abler 10 - 12 Appendix A.
2. The c uugatioi of Form l final weak bda (a) 'to begin',
'to give' and xda (E.-ut) 'to take' in the imperfect :
(See Tables 13 - 15 Appendiz A. )
er±'ect with the Frequentative Particle /ka-/
he
she
(MS)
(i's)
bda (a) 'to begin'
kaibda
katbda
katbday
kaybda
katbda
sa (i) 'to give'
kateti
~tti
zda (Cu) 'to take'
kaiad
kat~ad
ktax&i
kas~d
kataxud

Moroccan Arabic
161
und t 9
1~oroccan Arabic 161 Unit 9
Imeerf'ect
we
you~ (p)
they
kib daw
katbdaw
kaybdaw
kan~stiw
katv'tivw
kayiw
kazdu
kataxdu
kayazdu
3. Conjugation of Form 11 medial weak fy:q 'to wake s.0o. uD, kw..n
'to create, to make' and of Form I final weak xl:a 'to let,
to leave' in the imperfect: (See Tables 21 - 23 A pendix A .)
ImDerfect with the frequentative Particle /ka-'/
you
you
he
she
(is)
(±s)
'y :q !'to wake up't
kanf y :q.
katfy :q
katfy :qi
kayfy :q
kat fy:q
kanfy:qa
katfy :qu
kayfy :qu
kw :n 'to create'
kann
katkwv:n
katkw ni
kaykw:n
katkw:n
kankwnmu
katkwrtnu
kaykw nu
xl:a ' to let, to leave'
kanxzl:i
katxl :i
katxl:fir
kayxl:i
katxl. :i
kanzl :iw
katz). :iw
kayzi :iw
we
you (p)
they
4,. conjugation of the sound quadriliteral verb / im/ t'to translate t
in the imperfect is the same as that of sound triliteral verbs
(see IL.5.3 above) ALSO see Table 9 Appendix A.
5. The paradigms for the biradicals/bb :/ 'to love' , fdq :/ (-u-) ' to knock'
and /d/' to take along' are here listed in the iperfect . Also
see Tables 16 - 19 Appendix A.

Moroccan Arabic
162
Unit 9
Imperfect with the Frequentative Particle /ka-m/
you
you
he
she
(fs)
~b: t to love'
1kanhb :
kathb :
kathb :i
kaybb:
kathb:
dg : (u-) I'to knock't
kanduq :
katduq :(> kduq:)
katduq :i ( kad uq : i)
kayduq :
katduq : (> kaa uq :)
d:a 'to tak~e along'
kand: i
lztd :i
katd :iy
kayd :i
katd :i
NC
you (P)
they
kathb :u
kayhb :u
kn~iq *-
katduq :u
kayuq :u
(>kaduqu)
kand :iw
katd :iw
kayd : iw
IX.9 Drill 5
Substitute as ohhmn in brackets.
1.v kaybit lq~ fs:uq . Chum , bza)}
2. katiib lktab dya~ha ll asa . (ama,$ uwa)
1.. kamf mil b lb a. (a , bewa)
5. kayn 4b'i . (atum , 'iya)
6. ayq in stay bn: em' . (biya , mna)

7.*kayi lkablivid. Cans , zita)
8,. kaybda lzdm bki . (Cats , biya)
9. k1ayizwi 3.m fikas. (hiys , zti )
10. kyqa Iazda ±1:1 . ci, atum)
* 4!*

Ni craccan Arabic
163
Unit 9
M oT'occan krabic 163 Unit 9
IX.lO Drill 6
A nswer in the negative.
1. ws kayizn 1ba l'a aby a ?
2. was kayeds ibab dyal c au ?
3. eri kat s: i ;:bic f$:bad b)k'i ?
4~. ws kat b zu bad lbnt ?
5. ws katd. i 1lq4 ls~uq ?
6. ws kayi ndku m dim ?
7. wi kayf:q w ld u bk i ?
8. vas katil : iy I:uibil dy alk Oda l1j'a?
IX1ii Text
rai yktbbaL .
radi yei33.Mdz'sa.
yfadi yxl; i t:umlbil dyalu baa.
wi s fadi tst"'ul bad s: ± ?
yadya tai yd.a .
radyin yiniiw ifas .
Tadyt y iw 1f as .
vas Y'di tktb lba lyon?
la , uryadi nktb lba lyyz.
'radi (u), rya (±'s)
'radyin (mp), rYat (fp)
He wil.l write
He will go to
He will.1leave
Are you goin
She will come
They (m) will
They (f ) will7
a letter to Ahmed.
school.
his car here.

to use this thing?
tomorrow.
go to Fez.
go to Fez.
Are you going to writea the letter'
today?
No, I am not going to write the
letter today.
auxliry used be±fore imperfect form
without prefix /ka-/, "going, will


Moroccan Arabic
164
n- i- t 9
I1X12 Gramatical Notes
Notice the expression of the future tense is achieved by the use
of radi (is), radya (±'s), lradyin (msp), adyat (fp), plus imperfect
form without the prefix /ka-./. N otice that only /yadii/ is negated.
IX-13 Drill 7
Answer in the affirmtive, then the negative.
1. was "radi tktb 4:'s cdcalk ?
2. asi ' adyin yhdiw a mallbnt ?
3. Vas rdat ys1t;ta tia lfqi h
Ii.. was fadya tbi t ~,mbi1 dyalba ?
5. wsiNadi yazad t~fs a a d:ri ?
6. was radi ykini 1ga n dyalu ?
7. Ras a"ya tads bab cdyal q
8. ws 3yayird: iw lqi IBsUq ?
9. wsA radi T m I51ba lltarabyza9
10. wskaacfu m 1km dyhm ?
ix.2.4 -T6mt
uitktbi lba dabs %
mtglmsisi baa
utfiqi bkzi 3
natk1:smu I
amtktbihai 3
Dont rite a letter now! (to mos.)
Don't sit here! (to f.s. )
Don't go today! (to p)
Don't wake up early! (to mono)
Don't talk to him! (to n..s..)
Don't arte it (f )H (to t. s. )


M Croce= A rabic
165
1. it 9
IXl5 Gra tical Notes
1. The negative imperative is formed from the second person
(m . ~s. , p) imperfect (without /kaM-/) with the help of
the negative morpheme /ma ... $/, e.g.
ktb Itto write' katktb ' you are writing't
ktb ! 'write!'t(nts.) mtktbi ! 'don't write!' (m. s. )
2. Notice the pronominal suffixes in the last two eagples in
IX.34 above .
IX.16 Drill 8
Give the Moroccan Arabic for:
1. Don't drink too zch coffee ! (?us*)
2. Don't smoke1! (f .ms.)
3. Don't fix the car now! (p)
I}.. Don't bring the newspaper ! (86..)
5. Don't wake uip early! (f.m.)
6. Don't give the book to the boy! (f.ms.)
7. Don't trmsslate the letter into B nglishl (p)
8. Don't came ! (lug-)
9. Don't be afraid! (f .8.)
10. Don't wake him zp ! (m. s .)


Morcccsa Arabic
166
unit 10
UNIT TEN
X.JI Review - Drill 1
1.
2.
3.
'..
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14-.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Form similar sentences using the
(New vocabulary is listed at the
ktb bra. Ibarh.
qra l sarabv -a flo ahi r
kla l~kskstif -.as
m =ibulis.
sat unto fs:uq
hi : lhanut bkri
d: a r: adyulbarh
bdd wayzu fs:bah

zaub r: isala
tfaq m'a si bm
tlrq lbarh
'tar'f 'l1a si b3
b r bs:ms
st~inl l aza :dida
l$ ba Ibarh .
subjects in parentheses.
end of Drill1 5. )
He wrote a letter yesterday. (aa)
HeA studied A Cir.(zta)
He went to Morocco last year. (hiya)

He ate couscous in Fee. (bn)
He was afraid of the police. (hu)
He put the comb in his pocket. (nti)
He saw the woman in the mnarket. (ftuma)
He opened the shop early. (hiya)
He came last nighit. (hum)
He took the radio yesterday. (rita )
He changed his clothes in the
morning. (riti )
He showed the letter to the teacher.
He answered the letter. (rita)
He talked with the girl. (hum)
He left Mr. Abmed. (bri)
It (m) was burned yesterday. (1ktab)
He got acquai.nted with Mr. A9med)
He turned red from the sun. (ibut)
He used the new watch. (d:ssi )
He translated the letter yesterda
(Eta

McTcccaa Arabic
167
Unit 10
X.2 Drill 2
Form sentences using the imperative f'orms of' the verbs in IDrill I
(ktb, ktbi, ktbu).
e.g., ktb bra 1 }j ! ktbi d :rs dyalk I ktbu 1rwI
0 0
X. 3 Review Drill 3
Form similar sentences using the subjects in prentheses.
1. yad~i yhdr mea Si bd yd: a
2. radi ybda daba
3. radi yeti lktab 11mn 1 im
Ij.yadi yaatid d: wa..
6. 'radi yrisi bna .
7. 'radi 3yib lktab dtya
8. 'radA ybz : lbaky: a i fuq t:bla
9. Yom.i yzi dabs .
10. radi yd: i bad s:
11. 'radi yfy: q lwld.
14. radi tt1: m ltaraby a
15. yradi ytfahm mea si hin
He will talk to Abmed tomorrow. (nts)
Be will begin now. (bna)
He will give the book to the teacher.
He (ana)
Hewill take the medicine. (ntum)
He will be scared of' the dog . (hiya )
Be is going to live here. (ama)
He will bring the book quickly. C1m)
He will take the package off the
table . (lbnt )
He will come now. (1'tyalat)
He will take that thing. (d: rari )
He will wake the boy up. (lma)
He will take the girl for a walks.

(ana)
He will puni~sh the maid. (ati)
He will learn Arabic. (nta)
He will reach an agreement with Ahmed.
(ntum)
It (in) will be written tomorrow. (lb'a)


Moroccan Arabic
163
Unit 10
Moroccaxk Arabic 16S Unit 10
17. yadi ynta4? lbnt ba
18 . yadi yqra' = dabs si c a yn
19.o 'adi ystxbr nn Ibulis
(> m:bulis)
20. yadi yff ft: bla
Be will wait for the girl here. (enta)
He will be bald in about two years.
(ita,)
He will inuire at the police
station. (bhy)
He will move the table. (ntm )
X-4 Review Drill 4
fr sentences sus.g the a f ir~tive and negative ieratives of' the
verbs in i i 1 3 above; e.* g. hh -V ~ . mathu', mth4is,
inathdsIi - hu m"'a Si and , mts 'a sitbn ... etc.
X. 5 Review Drill 5
Form s'm lr sentences using the subjects in parentheses.
1. ft ,a sbe ti t : umbil dyalk 2
3. nad domya wna l3lmdasa .
Li. f ayn iriti hh24laids?
~. Britta m cd m l haza'id , badak
l: i frt= Bari v mbind 1 s
6. fayzizl: iti sumbi1 dyak ?
8. 34went ka1:hum ayisdu fs: t:a .
When did you sell your car? (intums)
I sold my car the day before
yesterday. (nb
Be got up quickly and vent to
school. (hiya)
Where did youby this paper? (atum)
I bought it at the nevstand at the
corner of~ Avenue )tbhaied V. (]Ina)

Where did you leave your car? (hu)
I left it behind the courthouse.
All shops close at 6:00. (law)


Moroccan Arabic
169
unit I0
s; y; da aqbat lmt '1:ma
11ltoaraby a .
srin a atay Ws : uk: ar Wfl: s
hads : bad,
dima keyxdmi fs~bah b1k!i
kayqra liarida IWtl: sba i
kaytm :a ikar.
kayd: i lhwayz ls : b: area
katbic d: Wa.
New Vocabulary for Review Drills 1 -
lqabhira
lksksu
lbulis
lib (in) / iyb
m (f) / e'yalat
bat (mn) / wet
radyru (in) / ,ay wt
The maid returned (gave back) the
medicine to the druggist. (ana)
The lady punished the maid. (;:a l)
I translated the letter from
French into Arabic. (nti)
We bought tea, sugar and mint
this morning. (hm)
I went to school, not to the market.
Chtiya )
They always work early in the morning.
He reads the paper every mornin.
He is waiting for the bus.(zt)
He is using the bicycle. (inti)
He takes the clothes to the
washerwoman. (1ma)
She sells medicine. (If 3 y2)
Caro
couscous
police
comb
pocket
woman
to open
shop
radio
clothes, tkh±ngs
teacher
hayz (in)
=v3.l .:iin(mn) / -'ii

170
Moroccan Arabic
I-hl-± t io
170 mat io
=mlia;i (f} / -t
ri sala (f ) / -t
tfaro
sms (f
baqb
mtcl:m (in) / -in
mt'3:m (±f) / -t
tfabin
si
teacher
letter
to be separated
to get acquainted (with)
the sun
to live
qickly,
to eary, pick up
to mke walk, take for a walk
to punish
tiouseboy
maid
to reach a mutual agreement
Mr.
to wait for
qrat
strbr
aa
ras (~
sari
to become bald
fst~xborJ to inquire
when?
Cin) /I alin owgner
occurs before the definite article
*g. , m I1 2bhanut shopowner
zlana (Mn) God. Dair Lord
who, which, that (relative )
L) head
(in) / ~ w rtavenue
(before definite article) behind
(elsewhere) behind
to give back, to return


Moroccan Arabic
UrLit 10
171
£araasyan C(b)
l fransy: a (f) 1 aransy: a
sra (i3)
ka r (in) / ki ran2
sb: an (mn) /-in
sb :amaCf)/t
dwa / dwayat
tsn:a
drugstore, druggist
French language
to buy
every, each
bus
washerman
wa sherma
medicati m
to wait
* **
X. 6 Text
dims kanbri nsrb si kas datay
~ba6.
iat dims, arb stay fs:bah
'yadi nbqa nsrb atay dims
£s:bah
byit ninsi nktb si bra
radi nmsi nktb si bra
fl1 an isi fgr:u
kal Xs;zlj nmsi nuf b d barh
Zx:k t~sb:r takssi t1awd: a~
dik Iblasa biida
I always like to drink a cup of' tea
in the morning.
I always drank tea in the morning.
I1ll always drink tea in the
morning (from now on).
I want to go write a letter.
I am going to go wite a letter.
I have to go and buy cigarettes.
I had to go and see Abmed yesterday.
You have to take a cab because
that place is far.
dii
bqa (a)
taki(m) / yt
always
to remain
it'l anecessary
to grab, to take
cab

Moroccan Arabic
172
tit 10
r1awd:as
blasa (f) /J*-t
b'id (im)
because
place
far
X. 7 Grammatical N~otes
1. Forms of kAn (u) t to bet in the perfect may be used before
other verbs in the imperfect to mean "used to" or in the
perfect to denote the past perfect.
kmn kaybyi yrb atay fs :bah
ken kay'arb bz :&a d3ib
ken bya ymsi If as
lc=ttb qi ndkqbLmez
He used to like to drink tea early
in the morning.
He used to drink a lot of milk.
He vented to go to Fez.
I had met him before he came to
your place.
2. Notice the use of arc. + verb (imperf.) + verb (imperf. )
'radi nmsi nktb si bra
I'll1 go write a letter.
3. AnxlarSy 1! tit's Ilecessazrt + pronouinal wffiz
(It's necessary for nme, you, ... etc.)
XS:fli
1 af S:fl1
xs~ni Bu d1' asabit bas
n2gl 2IxdA dyali
I have to
I bad to
it's necessary
I need two weeks to finish my work.
*j * '

Moroccan Arabic
173
Unit 10
x. 8 Drill 6
Substitute as shod in brackets.
1.v dim ktbyi ti'b ii kas datay fc:bad . (ania , hawa)
2. kan dim yi 'b atay f :ba . (hum , na)
3., 'adi nbqa ns;b dim atay fq: bad . (ritum , hiya )
6. ken X~;u ymai ysuf 1imd . (ania , nita)
7. ~ s tb~ jk~ .(hms*, a
X.9 Text
SIT ku r d
sir tszxf .id
asi x
aai dm
flud hi : Ibab .
rind thyi: Ibab .
m~tqul S had 53:1
ri ham"'iw zm.;
yak: ah 'iwui
7a3: Sh niw nzm
yw: sir nf as Kayn.
Go see Ahmed !
Go see Ahmed !
Come and work!
Come and work!
Get up and open the door !
Get up and open the door !
D= I't go to sleep !
Don't say that !
Let's go !
Let's all go!
Let'Is go and work!
Go see what the matter is !
exhortative particle, t let' s'
yal~ah
***

Moroccan Arabic
174
Unit t 10
1~roccan Arabic 174 Unit 10
X. 10 Grammatical Notes
Expressing the imperative :
a)} Im ev
sir
b mprtvEe Ipeive
sir Bur
Co!
SeelZ
Go see!
c) Imperative + Imperfect without /ka-/
sir tsuf Go see!
d) 1y4:ah
yal :ah
+ Imprtve
sir
Go
e) y4l:ah + Imperf'ect without Aka-/
yal :ah nm.iw? Let' s go:
fb y4:ah
yal:ali
...
+ 3Imerfect
nmn iw nzdmi
writhout /ka-/ + Im perfect without fka-/
let's go and work!I
Hortatory - ortative
***

Moroccan Arabic
175
Unit 10
X.11 Drill 7
Translate
1. sir zuf )md3
2. sin tsufi and !
3. sire t ttzfu b1d3
14.. azi ndux 3
5. uu4i txdini 3
6. yak:eh nmasiw nibu ii kas datay!3
7. utmusii tae s £
8. Go talk to the teacher! (m.s. )
9. Get up and open the door! (f.s. )
10. Letts go see the teacher? (p)
X.12 Text
*bra ymi yra .
m ba yra n:; y .
rai y=si yqa
rad . ymsi yftr
zm'radis yinsi yleb lkza .
ltb
He irants (wasted) to go and study.
He does not (did not) want to go
and study.
He went to study.
He will go Study .
He will go bhave brescast.
He did not go play ball.
to play

Moroccan Arabic
176
Unit 10
Moroccn Arabc 176 nit 1
x.1.3 Gr-matical Notes
d~ressing English infinitive with "to ' in Moroccan Arabic is
achieved by :
Perfect + Ilmerfect without /ka-/
m.~a yqra.
b'ra ygra
He went to study.
He wants to study.
OR
Perfect + Imperfect without /ka-/ + Iperfect without /ka-/
b'a ymsi y]s b
He wants to go (to) play.
OR.
fraI 41 feet wthout Afmmf + I werfect without fka.'
'radi y ii yleb
Heo will go (to) play.
x.31. Text
vas 'rdi ymsi yltb lka lyum ?
ras b'ra. ymsi yqra?
w a sbri 1 yqtb lq~wmtana
wa~ matla a rdi ymi n :ya ?
Is he going to play ball today?
Does he want to go and study?
? Doesn't he want to come and have
coffee with us?
Ian tt he going to study anymore?
nat1a
~tla~ to no longer be or do or beccie


Unit 10
Moroccan Arabic
177
X.15 Drill 8
Siubstitut~e as trawl in -brackets.
2. mabyinas nmsiw daba (hams , rita )
3. Hasayn s (hiya , hu3m)
ii.. radyat ymuiw yaqaw (ania , )jna)
6. vas bri ti torsi tq'ay 1um? (huwa , hum)
7. was uab'ras yi± y ib stay m ara ? (hiya , hum)
x. 16 Text
msa bas yqra .
b's 7=3. dabs bas ysri si
ktab .
1x~ yam lawd: asgmid
ws clabqg,:a$ t;Wflibi2. ya2u
mradis ysafr slaqibal ma ndi
f-lus
m'radis ysri tuimbil hit
mentdu. flus
He went to Cin order to) study.
Be wants to go now in order to
buy a book."
He did not work today because he
is sick.
He did not come because his car is
broken (does not work).
He is not going to travel because
he has no money.
He i's not going to btiy a car since
be does not have money.


Moroccan Arabic
178
t 10
ml.: i. ysU raadi y' tiba
Ibra dy aha
lmainaa awl ;a Ikar
had lirtab m yan wlakin yali
qal yadi 7i Ualay : i mas
was by'a atay awl: a lqhwa ?
bas
calawd.:
clahq; ~
rlahq:as
Xdsa, / -t
When he sees her, he will give
her the letter.
In order to go to Meknes, take
either the train or the bus.
phi s book is good, but it is
expensive.
He said he was going to come but
he did not .
Does he want tea or coffee?
If~ ne comes now, we '11 all leave
together.
so that, in order to
because
because
because
because
working (f.s.)
la ibal.
hit
ml: i
aw
Im~ ..awisa
walekin
wai.ayn3 i
awl:a
vi ~a
because
since= because (on account of)
when (conjunmction)
or
either ... or
but
but
or
or
if~ (possible, probable action +
perfect)
* * *
ila

Moroccan Arabic
179
unit 10
X. 17 Drill 9
Translate
1.
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
24.0
15.
msiat bas tnt s
bryit nmi idaba bas nfri wayz zdad .
s dt~lyum "Iawd: as y:an si s'py":a
ma.ats ela1q: as kart m i~a bz:f .
sa d~nsaf; lyu tv1aqiba1 t uibi1 dyali iXd: aa.
-m 'yadii ym i ibaris it wndu flue
ml : i nsfu ,rdi netih lktub dyaian
bas tmsiy If as is a t5b :;i lmiina aw : a lka .
bad lktab yan wa kin Pali bz : of
gait yradya t~i walaynsti msZS. mats
was byiti atay wi sa lqhwa ?
brit Dmi baaszsi si g;:u .
gaa radyin yziw walakin inazawI.
mgmas yq'a cb1ag :as afaS ibkri f s ba.
***

Moroccan Arabic
180
Unit 10
X. 16 Text: Asking Directions
(1) Questions
sm li asidi , qul:i , fayn
~at Ixizana ltam a ?
qa2. (u)
z.a (i)
zat
'an m ) / 'am:aC(f )
Please tell me where the public
library is, Sir.
to forgive
to tell
to come
it (f) came, i.e. is located
general, public
qul : i mfd1k , fayn at Imk ? Please tell me, where is the court?
mfd1k please (to s )
m±fadlszm please (to p)
].~li asidi midk , f ayn
la s:Uq lkbir ?
suq(m) /aswq owswaq
smli asidi , as katrrf
fayn laamiea?
IamiL'a (f) / -'t
Please, here is the big
market?
market, maket place
Please, do you know uhere the
University is?
to know
University

Moroccan Arabic
181
Unit 10
Moroccan Arabic 181 Unit l0~
wa~ kat~r1'
s zi midkswa ttz
f'aynsais mbm. 1xamis?
Please, do you know where
Mohamed V. Ave. is?
(2) Answers
IiiZama It am: a
b d dur "l1ya i
qud-a.
fiat hda
Ixizanam .at
The public library is by the
University. Go straight and then
turn right. It will be right in
front 0of you.
zad (i)
dar (u)
ly71
to continue, to add
straight
turn
right
to the right.
linhikai bi'ida
t~b: r taksi
~Wyaynrl
The court is a
You can take a
little far.
cab.
s:uq lkbfr bt id bZ: of
labd: m tb:r*aki, lawd: as

s~uq btid tbasl kiluinitr ma:a
far (mn)
it Is possible
it is possible for you, iLe. you can
to grab (to take )
The big market is very far. You
ust take a cab because it is 12
kilometers from here.


Moroccan Arabic
182
unit 10
Moroccan Arabic Unit 10 182
labd:
v lad: as
m: a ( m bna)
l3.amiq a tm: a qud: ak .
dik 1'rimara lkira
ta: a
'imra / -t
(3)} Qestions and Answers
smli *fayn iat a: ifaa
1'aiiky: a ?
dutr 1 ]., WZid i WY: a
f ari l bd: at , qm Za vst -in i a ( ) / t
'aiirikit
Si S3:a
bd: at
rqmm) rqm
much
must, it is necessary
that
because
from here, from us
The Uivursjtv is over there, in
front of you, that big building.
there
building
please, where is the American
Emibassy?
TuzT left and go on a little more
on the same aven ue. it is No. 65.
Embassy
U.S.A.
American (Nisba)
left
to the left
a little
precisely, the sam e
azmber

Moroccan Arabic
183
Unit 10
!arasyan ,rib '?
famsyni{Cm) / -at
,rib C m)
la
asidi, aayi frad Lm.
tbbt 1: mdia
rakaynw
hum. (i) / -t
rxs:k
hb t £bbet )
mdina (f)j / =dte
m:a ?
lagate , ttsa nb s; 1?=n..
kifas
ErC a)
#t: a
WS). EwsalJ
ofg 0
Please, do you know of a nearby
drugstore?
druggist, drugstore, pharmacy
nearby
No, there is not one here.
You have to go to the city
(downtown) .
it (mn) does not exist.
section of a city
to be necessary
you have to (it is necessary for
You )
to descend
city
Please, how can I get to Meknes
(from here) ?
Go up this avenue until you reach
the railway station and take the
train.
how?
go up
with
until
to reach, arrive

Moroccan Arabic
184
Uni t 10
Sagas
2masina
railroad station
the train
zid frad d:rb 1w:1, s b'd
cuzr tflym tmsa 8:atyam H1
drb (in) / driuba
sz ilii asidi, wi kayn Ii m'am
9uvm! : aii q ib 9
s 21 iasidi 9ab;n
4tsan () / ua# aeia
vutsmp:a ai ) bi
bbr:ui (in)
Keep going up this first street
and then turn right and there you
find the C.T.M. (Coipaiie de
Transports M aro caine) behind the
court*
street
the first (m.s. )
Please, is there a &iropean
restaurant nearby?
Eacuze mee. I am a stranger.
restaurant
European (Nisba)
stranger (Nisba)
r I

UNITS 11J - 20
PART THREE
CON VERSATI ONS


Moroccan Arabic
186
Unit 3.1
Moroccan Arabic 186 ~iit 11
UNIT ELEVEN
XI.I Greetings - s:la
aban.
2b3
Hello.
faml y
Hello.
RL. - Hello.
easy
abln
abl-n
wasabln
ma sabin
sabi
aban wa sabin.
abn wa s-an . a~ xba~k ?
labas"
xb (mn) /zxbar
bas
Hello.
HL. - Hello.
Hello. How are you? (What is your
news?) [ Forms in parentheses are
literal translations.]
Fine (no harm) .
,uhat
news
harm
Some ieans of Classical Arabic case endings are found in Moroccan
Arabic as well as all other Arabic dialects. Here : e. g. /-nn/.
z R. - means response to.


Moroccan Arabic
187
Unit U
ahin wa sebln . as xbrk?
labs I bman lii :2ah
ain
lmd
1: ah
abin we saban , as
xbar om asji?
labs s lbdu lii: aft
xba3rim
si di
shIn we sabi s:~ i d.
abin we sa.ln s;j i in :d
Hello, how are you?
Fine, thanks. (no harm, praise be
to God)
to praise , glorif'y God
praise (notice Classical Arabic
ending -/U/
God
Hello, how are you, sir?
Fine, thank.
your (p) news (polite form for (9))
vocative particle
my sir, Mr.
Hello, Mr. Ahmned.
Hello, Mr. 1sthammed.
S: i p si mister (before a name )
s: i bind nta bizizr'?How are you, Mr. Abimed (Are you fine) ?
neam asidi bizl1i lil:8b. Yes, thanks.
air (mn) good
n'am yes

Moroccan Arabic
188
Unit 3.1
lal: a fatima as xba~k ? gas
nti bizxir ?
labas asid~i , :ah yz l ftik
ibaak..
la1: a / 1a1: y:at
Ibaraka (f') / -t
abin ma sahin , fatm, as
xbark ? nti b ixiz' ?
How are you, Madam Patina? Are
you fine?
Fine. May God bless you, sir.
madam , lady
to do, to make
blessing
Hello, Patma. How are you?
bizir lbu lii:ah . uiti atisa . I am fine. How are you, Aisha?
h~t :ina'ea bixir , 2bindu lil : h . I am fine, thanks.
4t:a
also , even, until
as Xbar sha ?
kif 9:bha ?
s:h: abixir lbidu 3i3: ah
kif
lf.-bas li du lil: ah
Now are you?
(How is health ?)t Said only if onie
has not seen the other for a long
time.]J
Pie, thanks.
how?
health
How are you?

Pine, thanks.

Moroccan Arabic
189
unit 11
Moroccan Arabic 189 Unit U
w lc'a~ila ?
lta'ila lba hmdu 1i2;ah
as zbar lm'ila?
lvoa'ila labas Thm.u lil: ah
1: a y"1 f ik 2baraka asidi.
as Xbar d: rani ?
d: rani bixir , bark
1: aimfik
dxl i (m)/drari
bk
as zbar ml1 i : ar' ?
amoalin d:ar bixir lbmdu lil:ah .
. . " .
21l (in) / wraain Salin.
sba~h 2xir
sbah 2xfr.
msl ir .
Mislr.0
How about the family?
They are fine, tbankss.
family
How is the family?
Fine, thanks. (The family is fine,
thank God. May God bless you Sir.)
How are the kids ?
They are fine. May God blesa you.
boy, kid
to bless
How is the faiy
They are fine.
head, owner
Good morning.
R. - Good maorng.
Good evening.
L. - Good evening.

Moroccan Arabic
190
Unit 11
lila sarid&
liltk 8a'ida
l li1 as (id)
s + 1 t m)
S ? . L a a na l m i = a a
-leum
as xbazr3oa?
isbas baaa. l: ahufik
Good night.
R.. - Good night (to you (s)).
R. - Good night (to you (p) or polite
night
happy
Your (s) night
Hello, hi .
R.. - to Hello, hi.
peace, greetings
on you (p) polite form)
Hello-.
R.. - Hello.
How are you?
Fine,- thanks.
We haven t seen you for a long time.
Uiere have you been?2
Here I am.. I went to America
and then to G en .
to see
absence
well
ihal hasdi ma inak.
iw 'rir bma , kant fi 'amirika
umzb'd mit l'alm ya.

saf (U)
ciba (f) /'rI
iva

Moroccan Arabic
191
Unit 11
Moroccan Arabic 191 Unit I).
*yir
umnb r d wibs d
'a? miya
mssnaha .
l: a ysah lina wlik .
si bas ma 3
insaa(f) / -t
tbli aaid~i
s~ilui asyadi.
sali alaa:y~ati
only, just
after
and later, and after that, and then
Germany
Excuse me. (said to (m)).
Don't mention it.
Don't mention it.
Don't mention it.
to forgive
forgiveness
Excuse me, Sir.
Excuse me, Mdam.-
Excuse me, gentlemen.
Excuse me, ]ladies.
Don't mention it.
mister
God vnig
R.Good evening.
here are you going?
I am going home.
Greet the family f~or me.
si bas a me
Sid Sy: d (in) / syad
ml~mir.
fayn ai ?
mxi 3d: Sr
s1l mli 'la malin d:a.


Moroccan Arabic
192
T t Ii
Moroccan Arabic 192 that 11
bi :T 1: ah siamk
51 :m
bi:Y
sbah :zir asidi
zbrk ? labas ?
I will. (God will wake your greetings
reach them.)
to greet
to cause to reach, deliver
Good morning, sir. How are you?
O.K.?
labas 3 du 1il: ah
was knot2: i bixir ?
nc'am a sidi 3.1;: i bizfr
ah y~1 f ik 1bar'aka
52.
lull Si
abl n Ta sa2n .
thin wa sain .
as xbark ? kif day ?
2abors .* ta ? woalin d: ar ?
maliai d r kays:m 'uk
iwa 51:31. "clihun.
bl:yr l:ah slauk.
Fine, thanks.
Is everything all right ?
Yes everything is all right,
thanks,
every
thing, some
everything-391, everybody
Hello.
R. - Hello.
How are you.
Fine, How about yr ? and the
ie famiygreets youi.
Byhello to them.
I will.
RGoooobyee

Moroccan Arabic
193
TIM-Out 22
Moroccan Arabic 193 tkiit 11
dar Ci)
dayr
to do
you are doing (participle)
to give peace
bl;8S
+!a ybn ik
bs;l5
Ma aS :al9
Goodbye
Goodbye
Goodbye
(and R.)
(and R.)
(and R.)
y~5i
la
1:a
yes
no
no
tfd:12
tfd~1 zmid si ka s datay .
tfd.:1
ad
xda (*-.u)
kas (in) / kis i
atay
qhwa
tf d: l xu~d si g=- u
gar:u (Mn) / -yrat ' -vat
please!t
Please have a cup of tea.
please (be preferred)
take:~
to take.
at an. some
glass
of [ d+nounm, /datay/t'ottea'lj
tea
Please have a cup of coffee.
coffee
Have a cigarette.
cigarette

Moroccan Arabic
194
unit 11
gis
haaa / hway
zid asidi , n'hba
tfd:1 gs bna .*was b'iti.
51 mribat ?
y: ih brit si ]sas datay,:
ba~ l: ahu fik .
zad (i)
~bba
bra (i)
~tba Cf) / -.t
t±'d:l Zeld gaX:U.
Please sit down and have something
to eat.
to sit
eat!~
something (plural means 'clothes'
also)
Come in. Welcome [ said by a host].
Please sit down here. D)o you
want someth ing to drink?
Yes, a cup of tea please.
to come in, to add
welcome
to want
drink
Save a cigarette.
Thanks.9 o.k.
thanks , no, thank you
tf'd:l gis bna.
W : 3, bazmakI : a] fik asidi
Sit here.
All right, thankes.
all right, o. k.
T:a

Moroccan Arabic
19$
Unit 3
Moroccan Arabic 195 Unit II
la, safL basa 1 : shafib
sa.
was b~ tmsi m ay ld.ar
daba ?
y: ih nm i mr ak .
Safi.
Would you like another cup of tea?
No, thanks .
it ts enoug s, that is it, it is settle;
Would you like to go home with me
fow ?
Yes.
It's agreed upon. (It's o. k. )
safia~ah
Yes, let us ,go.
w ay
dab&
mak
Safi
with me
now
with you (s )
it is all agreed upon
* * *
XI .2 Proverbs
(1- 5) mortal (m) / mtal.
zb:i God
u: a ( f) / sus tooth
In most cases, people get thtings Bhch are of no use to them.


Moroccan Arabic
196
Unit 3.1
(2) r: bib may302 hbib WS:a tsi':bu kisa Thlib
rbib Cm) / rbayb step-son
rbiba (f) / -t step-daughter
b bib Cm) / hbab friend, very close friend
max: a although, even if
A step-son will never come to love his step-parent, no matter what
the parent may do for him.
t ib (in)
hit (mn)
/ yb vuyub
/ 37L1t
are easily seen.
shameful act, defect
wall
q~ir
Shameful deeds
short
VMS (in) "
it is better to have one eye than
(5) d y: f d; if wIr gis stwa usif
one-eyed, half-blind, afflicted
with poor eyesight
blind
to be blind.
dif' (o) /4yaf "'' 7tuf
itwa(f) / et
Be hospitable to your gVest,
to extend hospitality
guest
even if
winter
regardless of how lc=g he y stay.


Moroccan Arabic
197
Unit 12
UNIT TWELVE
XILIi Phone Call - ft: ilifum
(H) - Ahmed, /hmid/
(R)- Hotel Receptionist
(B) - Ibrahim, /brahim/
(R) - y: ih asid~i ha da util
m!aba . as bya lza ?
(H) -byit nt3l : m mca si braei
1 msri, bit min wtlatin
-R .bl:ati asidi , waxz:a
wradi nfw: t k si brahim.
(H) - alu, si brashin 3hada ?
v;;ti lhnia ?
(B) lyazm fs:bah
(H) -a a trinldaba ?
Hello, is this the Merhaba. Hotel?
Yes, Sir, this is the Merhaba
Hotel. Wbat can I do for you?
I want to talk to Mri. Ibrahim,
the Egyptian, in Room 32.
Just a minute. O.K., I11ll connect
you with it,. Ibrahim.
Hello, is this Ibrahim?
Yes, How are you, Arced?
I am fine, tell me when did you
arrive here?
This morning.
What are you doing now?


Moroccan Arabic
198
ti 3 2
(B) - ±fThadr makanvm1 w alu
(H) - iwa , bt a tm: a, ana yadi
nwsl clik da sisar'a
wmbr d nmsiw i1&a?.=zmi'
(B) WX:a si ind., banla flbit
(H)-; :ay3bn: ik
Vocabulary
util (mn) / -at
=tr
bl:ati
i'w: t
fuqas
wsl
r'ml
bqa (a)
ms (i)
ht; a
la (i)
waau
RLght now I'm not doing anything.
Well, stay there, 111.1 come to your
place in about an hour. Then we'll
both go to my house.
All right, Ahmed. I1'll stay in my
room umtil you come.
Goodbye.
Goodbye.
hotel
desire, wish
to talk (with)
wait: (invariable), slowly
to pass
when?
to arrive
to do
now, at the present time
to wait, to remain
to go
all of us, together
until
to cC e
nothing

Moroccan Arabic
199
Unit 12
XII. 2 Questions - 'as'ila
1. ?amin Za brahim ?
2. fin gls ? (gis t'to stay' )
ljas qalbid lbaim
S.fin 'radyin ytlagaw ? (la ' to meet')
XI I.3 Proverbs (6 - 10) - lintaa
(6)} m y 3 ra s lu .r 3.b l.
n~sr to deny
asi / 'usul origin, lineage
br1 Cm) / b 'al. mule
Ckly a mule de ies hi-s origin.
(7) mter±' hbibk l: i yduin.,ht: a tmrd wtqlm .
dam (u) to last
mv to become ill
One ]mows one't a true friends in time of need.
(8) l: i fat mat.
fat (u) to pass
mat (u) to die
Jbrget the past.


Moroccan Arabic
200
Unit 12
(9) }bin d: fr W:bm nyd. a1 rir 1 s
bin between, among
dfr (in) / 3fa ' fingernail1
w (m) / wsax ir
Don't interfere between relatives.
(10) 1:ji aslu tf .ah mfih ii ytla t.
t1s to be thrown away
People of~ good origin will always be respected.


Moroccan Arabic
201
Tilt 13
Moroccan Arabic flnit 13
XI II With Ahmed Is Family - mta 1'a'ila d3 ad
( )(A) -
(L) -
Ahmed
Ibrahim
Driss, Ahmed' s brother, /dris/
Abdelsa~am, Abmed' s father, /ebdsla/
Zohra, Aped ts mother, /zbra/
Hal ima, Abed' s sister, thli.na/
(H) -tf d:I a s: ib behim ba
bik 'ndna . Si brahim nqd: mlk
lIvalid si v bdslam wiwali da
la1: a zbra W175Za: dri s W1?UXt
bli . bada si bz'ahi m lmsz'i
" "0"
ml: qahira.
(D -aw3n wasab.in si b'hi
n~ba bik . bna mt':fin
b s i ya da t k ha w tmiairw
zyartk flmtrib tim savida
(B) -=a kankuzrkum ktir QIS
bad imaaba .
Comne in. Welcome. Ibrahim, I
Would 3lk to introduce
my father, Mr. Abdelsalam, my
mother, Zo6bra, my brother, Driss,
and my sister, Ham. This is
Mr. Ibrahim, from Cairo.
Welcome, Mr. Ibrahilm, This is an
honor for us and we hope that
your visit in Morocco is a happy
one.
Thank you very teach for this
occasion.

Moroccan Arabic
202
Unit 13
(A)- si brahim was yad~i tbca
si md :a twila bna ?
(B) - :ah wtelm . yml ti ata
wJ: a rb'a d1"asabic-
(A) - was yadi tbqa bna 'r; bat
awl : a i5di tzur mud=ui zin ?
bas nazi 'endhu=
(A)- iwa asi di, azia frhan bZ : o
bzy rndna bna flm'rrib .
faa mdin a i3Xiy: a qdimea
yadi tezbk bz zaf . kayn tm a
Xas 2.bali wfas Z: did . a&
ilay dzis wbulud .
(B)- iwa label: asidi
(Z)- iwa =nbed m tzur mr: ak3
0 0wfas rt tn4na qbl ma twl: i
? iqahira.
(B) - niaaga.: ah alal: a
(IL) -tfd:lu asidi il a maa ud.
Ibrahim, are you going to stay
here for a long time?
(God knows.) Maybe tbree or' four
weeks.
Are you going to stay here in
Rabat, or visit other cities?
I must visit Marrakech and I have
friends ;in Fez ihob I have promised
to visit.
I am very happy that you are visiting
Morocco. Fez is a historical old
city. You' 11 like it very much.
There is Old Fez and New Fez . You

muist visit Al Kaz'aoizte rnivasity,
the tomb of f~lay Driss and the
leather craft shops.
sure.
After your visit to Marrakech and
Fez, come and visit us before you
go back to Cairo.
Sure. (If God will]s.)
Dinner is ready.

Moroccan Arabic
203
Unit 13
Vocabulary
Sd.:=
iwalid
iwa ida
iwalidin3
lax: / X:ut izwan
'ut / xwat a
tsr:f
siyadatk
Zaa (f) - t
qdim "(in)
nmasaba (f) / -t
=1d:a (f)/
twit. (m)
tim
1: ah wlm J4: ah ytlm
za (a)
a iva (f) / m dun
imdia
ra / :at
labd3
tar (mn)
sa bid (mn) / suiaaa
satida (f) / -z
to present , offer
father
mother
parents
brother
sister
to honor
to be honored
you (honorary term)
to wish
a visit
old
occasion
period of time
to thank
long, tall
to know of
heaven knows
to visit
city
dowtow!n
other (f)
other (mn)
it is necessary
historical (Nisba)
happ y
Morocco

Moroccan Arabic
204
Unit 13
ezb to please
rz to return
qbl before
wl: a to return, to become
WZ: to make ready
mid (m) ready
***
XIII.2 Grammatical Notes
1. labd: ma 'it is necessary that...' . Notice this ma is not
the negative ma; this the correlative ma 'that' . It is followed
by the imperfect without /ka-/:
labd: ma tai endna . You must come to our place.
Also gabl ma, 'before' , and bed ma, 'after'.
2. bas here means "that" in the sentence "qawlthum bag nmli endhum .
'I promised that I'll visit them.'
3. : 'being' is the active participle (AP) of the verb kan
'to be'.
The participles of Form I:
Verb Active Participle
srb arb having drunk
hl: hal: having opened


3 craccan Arabic
205
Unit 13
Verb Active Participle
ken kayn being
zad zayd having added or
continued
msa magi having gone
tra Bari having bought
The Passive Participle (PP) of Form I , if it occurs, is formed
on the pattern MC1C2uC3, e. g. ktb (C1C2C3) 'to write' and
motb 'written' for sound trilateral verbs or 1C2i, e.g.
sra ' tobu~y , mri ' bought t for final weak verbs , or MC yuC
13
e ,g. bat tIto sell' , mbyuiit sold' for medial weak verbs .
Verb Stem Passive Participle
ktb miktub written
sd: msdud closed
ba '~ mbytau sold
hda mhdi presented
Forma I transitive verbs have passive participles. Intransitive
verbs have cnly an active participle. Derived verb Forms have
cone participle that my function both as active and passive if the
verb is transitive, or only as active if the verb is intransitive.


Moroccan Arabic
206
unit 13
Moroccan Arabic 206 T~iit 13
Verb
Form I kf
Thm
ftr
fbsl
(intr)
(tr)
(intr)
(tr)
AP
kafr
±'ahm
±atr
fas1
PP
mffhum
to get irritated
to understand
Form II
Frm F III
Frm SV
Form VII
Form X
bd :1
sawb
t1:m
htarm
st m1
to change-
to ±ix
to learn
to reams, mntu~al
Liderstanding
to respect
to use
qw iL UrLJLras,
mf sul to separate
Partici~e
inbd:1 hav'ng changed
msawb having or being
* fixed
mt "1 :m having learned
mtf'ahm bah40'co eto
understanding
inhtarm having or being
00 respected
inst'ml having or being
used
der and number but not for
Participles are inflected for geni
person or tense, e.g.
katb (n), katba (f),, katbin (mp) katbat (fp) writing
ktiab (m), uktuba (±), inktubin (~), inktubat (fp) writtent
41. .ams~ at limp r :ice 'the 1(araouine tiversity' is a construct porse
1 of N2j], werN has the ±e±n-ine ending /-a#/ nai a 'university'
Notice /-t#/ is added in such constructs as the above or in
ccinectioma with possessive proitomina1 sufixs. 1es :
nimna
mdiut fas
dti
city
the city of Fez
a' city

Moroccan Arabic
unit 13
207
Moroc~c~an Arabic Unit 2~3 207
mra
mrat hind
mratk
sy :ara
sy :art hind
hala
halt lwld
ha~tu
lila
il~tk sa" ida
liltbain sa ida
lilt lc id
This wll be referred to as Constr nct
Woman., wife
the wife of Ahmned
your wife
car
the car of Ahmed
thing
the thing belonging to the
boy
his thing
night
good night (to (s))
good ngt (to (P))
the eve of the feast
State of the Noun (CS.).
5- Verbal Noun yaa 'visit'- is the verbal noun of the verb a
'to visit '. It can also man 'visiting'
A verbal noun (VN) is a nu derived from a corresponding verb,.
e.g. /Y811l#'to wash's frsil/ 'washing' . Most-verbs have a
correspon~ding verbal nouin. The mening of the verbal noun could

be the resuit of the related verb. The verbal noun /aa
'a visit' that occurred in this lesson is an e ae of the result
of the verb I to visit't. ya'a can also mean 'visiting'
mhich is sn"acti on' .
Form I Verbal Nouns are of different patterns. (See Appendix A
Tables 1, 12 -19.)

%ro ccan tic
208
Unit 13
Itrocean ~abic 208 Unit 13
Examples
ktb
1;sb
dx1
sraf(i )
tfa (i)
bat' (i)
zaf (u)
to write
to hit
to count
to enter
to buy
to extinguiish
to sell
to be afraid
ktaba
4T dib
4sib 1 sab
tfyan
bi'
writing
bhitting
Counting
entering
buying
extinguiishing
selling
fear
Form II Verbal ?1izns have~ the pattern tC1C 2iC3 , e.g. /bd~l/
'to change',1 /tbdil / ' changing'. A variant form also exists
tC1 C2aC3 /tbdal/ ' chan gin g' .

Form III Verbal Noun has the pattern MClaC2C?a MuC3aCC3a, e .g.
/Vam4 'to forgive' /tmZ?/ /fms e~/ ' forgiving, f orgiveness't.
Form V has no verbal nova of its o * Verbal nouns of correspond-'
ing Form II are used instead, e.g. /tlzm/ 'to teach' II , /ttl:m/
'to learn' V. both have tclim 'teaching, learing'. S imla9
Form VI used the corresponding VN of Form III and VII used the
corresponding VN of Form I.
Ezales
eSq 'to hug' III and t'anq 'to hug one another't VI
mesna 'bugging' VN of III and IV .
4b 'to bit' I and t'b 'to be beaten' VII
4b 'bitting, beating' VN of I and VII ..

Examples of Form VIII and X verbal nouns
Vasm VIII 'to respect' tius~
st'ml X 'to use't stiml
are
*respectI
'use, using, usage'

Moroccan Arabic
209
Unit 13
The VN of the quadriliteral verbs is formed on the pattern
tCC C iC or CC CaC a, e.g.
1 234 212 3 4
f;g ' to axplode tf'gi'~eplosion
I 'm to translate t;z am translation
zizi to shake z lzala shaking
XI II.3 Quaastions - 'as 'ila
1. skuin huma dris ?
2. skutn hiy a zba ?
3. a sn Iwal id dya l bind ?
1..as ktzi 1blim 2bd? (za here means 1to be related?)
5. la1 M uld end si tbdslam ?
6. as gal tbdslam 1b'shi ml :i w~pl lc :a ?
7. seal yadi ygls brahim f3lm yrib ?
8. vas 'adi ygls rir f£3baa ?
9. as 'tadi ysnf brhim f :as ?
XI II.4 proverbs (11 - 15) - lmta2.
(U.) 13i "ndu Smidu k1021: y sidu
aid f anide sein lima
"id (mn) / cyad feast
It is advisable to save for the fuzture.


Moroccan Arabic
210
Unit 13
(]oroccan'SAr ;abic 210 Unit4:13
ft :s to look for, search
Ear (mn) / z ire neighbor
It' ,-m better to snow who your neighbor is before renting a house.
(13) 1: i ytk:1l vla Kara~ , ybat bla sa
tk:12 (c1a) to rely on
bat (a) to spend the night
bla ihu
Don't depend on people all the time.
ksa i) to clothe
nkrsi clothed
('ryen (m) / -ins nakedl
Itt's better to be yourself with whatever you have than to borrow
great things from others.
(15) Lf : fiqb11iq
rfiq (in) / 2fqen comrade, friend
triq (f) /qn-'trqn road
The travelling companion is more important than the trip itself .


Moroccan Arabic
211
.t 14
Moroccan Arabic 211 Unit 1'~
UNIT FOURTEE
XIV.1 At the Dinner Table o e -1a
(F) - Fa.tma, the maid. The word for maid in Moroccan Arabic
is /mtc l:ma/, ' /mtsx: ra/) ; /f~atma ' ftir..' fati ,/.
(A)- si brahim tfd:3 gis bna 4daya *. Zbrahim, sit here by me.
(L) - fatma zibi t ;as . Fatma, bring the washing basin.
(F)
(3)
(Z)
(F)
(Z)
(3)
(L)
(F)
t- td.:1 as id~i ha : abtf
-barak 1: ahu fik .
- bla z1~ asidi
- ibila lhrira fl.:w:2.
- WSX:a alai:a .
tfd;1 asi brahim .
b ism 1: ah , baras 1: ahu
figs ala: a .
- aa: a alai; a , ha huwa
alal: a0
Here is the soap, sir.
Thanks.
tDon't mention it.
Bring the soup first.
All right, madam.
Mr. Ibrahim, please help yourself.
Thanks. (In the name of God. May
God bless you madam.,)

Fatma, bring the stew.
All3 right, madam, here it is,
madam.

Moroccan Arabic
212
unit 14
(A) -boism 1:ah tf d: I asi brahim
(B) - su~ asi v-bdslam
(Z) - si brahiim z id wmy: a , k'il,
makiti waau
(B) - wax: a , zidini si spy: a
dibrira c'lawd; as mzya ia bz : af
(Z) - fat= zid~i lsi brahim si
say: a f bira.
(F) - w~:a alai: a.
ibarake alai: a
(Z)- iwa tf d:; asi brtabimxtd
t:azinf
(B) -inn f dlk 'ir si spry: a 3.za
yz v1 Tzik lbarak: a
(Z) -izibi lkrsksiaf ±atima
(F) - wax:a a l5:a .
(Z) -tf dl zxad ksksui asi brabi~m.
(B) - ?fii sue:a 1: a yztl fik
lbar'ak a .
Mr. Ibrahim, please help yourself.
Tianks, Mr. Abdelsal.am.
Mr. Ibrahim, please eat more,
you haven' t eaten anything.
All right, please give me some mOre
soup because it is very, good.
Patina, give Mr. Ibrahim some
more soup.
All right, madam.
Eniough, thanks, madam.
Mr. Ibrahim, please take some
stew.
Please, very little.

Patia, bring the couscous.
All right, madam .
Mr. Ibrahim, please take some
couscous .
Please give me some .


Moroccan Arabic
213
Unit i4
Moroccan Arabic 213 Unit lI~
(Z)- a f atim. zibil.na lfakya
WSWY: a d~linmas rah zya
(B) -bara]sa2: ah fik
(F) - n tam asidi . ba 1ma wha
s. abun , tf d: asidi
(B) -baake)1: ahu fik
(D) - i brabim, , btis 1sur
dyalk.
(B)- keflfd:1 n~rb l.msr fs:bah
bkri . daba srbt 1~ bard .
(A) - fa am ibi~na liqam w~ibilna
lbr :ad dlfc : a wduk 1~sa m
dlb.: ar Ws:lfly:3a c:uqa
Patna, please bring the fruit.
All right, madam..
Mr. Ibrahim, please take an orange
and some apricots, they are good.
EF.tma, bring water for us to
wash our hands.
All right, sir, here is the water
and the soap. G o ahead, sir.
Don't mention it.
Mfr. Ibraim, you did not drink
your juice .
I prefer to drink juice in the
morning. Now I drank cold water
and that's enough.
Fam, bring the milt and the silver
teapot and those crystal glasses
and the silver tray.


Moroccan Arabic
214
Unit 14
(F) - ha hima kzl: Si mi ud asidi.
(A) - si brabim sr: fna qim atay
(B) - sbl i asi vbdslam =f±dlk,
0 0kanefs nqim atay ma.'ibi
(L) - fatima Eibi~na n:wa
(A)- tfd.:1 xoad atay asi brahim
(B) had atay ni~u Ward . rfi s
bad a.:tay . vibni bz:aof
kabriatay n 'nac bz;Sf
(Z)- mrbba bik asidi . =hba bik
vndua * nhar kbir
(B) _W3 hi ena m endi bas
x1 ainm. ?a l: ah biawa 3.:i
y azini 'la had 1naqaba1A
(H) - si brabi m =td n :wa rah
Mere is everything, sir.
Mfr. Ibrahim, honor us by preparing
the tea .
Excuse me, Mr. Abdelsalama. I do
not know how to prepare Moroccan tea.
I t is all right . I am going "tO
prepare the tea.
Fatma, bring the nuts.
Al]. right, madam.
Mr. Ibrahim, have some tea.
This is excellent tea. I like
it very muach. I like mint tea
very match.
You are welcome. (You are welcome
in our bouse.)
This is a great day.
I don t know how to thawk you.

I~y God reward you for receiving ma
so well.
Mr. Ibrahim, k e some nuts; tbey
are good.

Moroccan Arabic
215
u-n-i-t i4
Moroccan Arabic 21$ Unit 1~
(B) - safi . klit bz : of 3:ayzcl fik
ibaraka . si hnd. qul :i 1:
yxl : ik ,uil at ela xalk, kifas
iwalida gawbat had ll ?
(H) i:Sh y~wd-.i , Mti adi 1:a
yXl: ik . si brahim bya m: k
kifas SW:bti had 1gl vbu
bz:af .
(Z) wax~a , bktil: faaa~ awlidi
iwa , cndna hna fd: ar lhrira
tbx =q'ib i ka w: buh2a bl :bm
l1y~lm. , vii m~u, wimiba
Wlibzar , Paz: ,fr8fl ,WZ : bda
Wt:azin kasw~buhbd ad
wibid msluq wn:wa . wlksksu
kim tcrf , bx mibi m~h
fitalam . "ndxia fry:as
kaa Lw: buth bib sia wz :bib wI mus
(B) kazi kr zm asidi "Ia had
immasaba .
(A) si brahim, mtssas bastwl :i
'ndri a nbvd yartk ifas
(B) - 3:Sah yard: i , label: * 'us
(A) mta sa lam
Thanks, that is enough. I ate a
lot. Mr. Ahmed, please, if' you
don't mind, tell me how your mother
prepared th is food?
Sure. Mother, please come here . Mr.
Ibrahim wants you to tell him how
you prepared this food because he
liked it very much.

All right, with great pleasure,
my son. Here in our family, the
soup is a Moroccan dish we prepare
with muztton, chickpeas, salt, black
pepper, saffron and butter. The
stew we make with chickens, boiled
eggs and nuts. The couscous, as you
know, is a Moroccan dish, internat-
ionally knlown. Here we prepare, it
with onions, raisins and chickpeas.
Thank you very much for this nice
occasion.
Mr. Ibrahim, don "t forget to come
here after you visit Fez.
Certainly I will. Goodbye .
Goodbye.

Moroccan Arabic
216
u-mat 14
Moroccan Arabic 216 Unit 1±1.
Vocabulary
Zak. {i )
t: as
Ibrira
)i:1 (mn)
kia (+u)
3'a. : a'
Ysl
Erb
fd:l
liqan
br: a.1 ( ) / braz'd
2I'd:a
lbn: 3r
Slfly: a (f') / ~-t swamii
nuqra
qin atay
rfi" (mn)
zaza
gab!
to b ring
washing dish or basin
favor
Moroccan soup
the first
to eat
because
to ladle
it is (here: it's) (see Gramm. iotes)
to wash
to drink
to prefer
green mint (used in making tea)
tearpot
silvery metal
crystal
tray
silver
to Prepare tea
to ]miow
nuts
excellent (lit. number one, Al)
excellent
to reward
to meet

Moroccan Arabic
217
un-it i4
Moroccan Arabic 217 Unit 2A
mzabaia ; f) / -t
qal .(u)
ila
sawb
wb
1: ah yawd; i
'ui 4* ; ima
ki±fa
bas
;meeting, reception
to say
if (possible)
please (lit: if that meets with
your desire)
to fix, to do
to fix, to do
certainly, sure, of course
my mother
how?
how?
that, that with w~hich, to= in order
to. Here "to" before English infini-
tive.
'aka. (m) !inkmaa
bkal: farah
wldi
Wflid
wlidi
tbz
m ribi awmrrib i (m)
81q
ls'alam Cm)
nsa (a)
'ila 1: iqa
good
with great pleasure
my soon
diminutive of son
swny (Dima.)
cooking
Moroccan
saffron
boiled
to boil something
famous
the world
to forget
goodbye (until we meet again)
* * x

Moroccan Arabic
218
TIM t 14
XIV .2 Grammatical Notes
1. Ordinal Nunierals:
The ordinal numeral 'first' has the function of an adjective
inflected for gender and number. The ordinal numerals 'second'
to teth are only inflected for gender. Those above tern
show no infl.ection. Examples of definite ordinal numerals:
1w:l (mn) / -in
1w:la (f) / -t
t:aiin ) I/t:&ia (
t :alt (..a)
lhdas
the first
41%
the
the
s s c ond
third
eleventh
Orial Numerals (Indefinite)
aw:l (mn) /-in
av:la (f) / -t
taxi (n) /tanya (f)
talt ("a)
ats (-a)
ems (-a)
cads (-a)
saw (-a)
tamn (-a)
tasP (-a)
ca~r (-a)
hda
tsais
frt
second
third
fourth
fifth
Si xth
seventh
eigh-th
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth

Moroccan Arabic
219
'Unit i4
M~roecan Arabic 219 Unit 2~14
ti.t :as
rbtas
xLstas
st :as
sbetas
taital
ts'ctas
le rin
wahd w sri n
rb%* in
sbc a iwin
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
twentyfirst
fortieth
fifty-seventh
2. walu t:nothing
maqal ia3.u
kit~ w&1u badiL
Se dlid not say ayhn.
This is nothcing.
Notice the use of negative particle /a&/ before verbs in /walu/
coistruicts.
3. Object Prcciom1nal Suffixes Associated with Verbs and Prepositions :
S'give met
/-nii/ 'e' here is a direct object pronominal sfi.

Study the fol:1lovingpad±8
Paradigm A - with transitive verbs
Paradip B - with prep osition fi! 'of, f rom'


Moroccan Arabic
220
U- n--± t 14
Paradigm C - with prepositions fbi! "with' , final 'on'
and /mta/ 'with (accompanying)'
Paradigm DI) with verbs ending in Towels and /;a/
Also coopare VIIL.22.
A. Transitive verbs
zar
zar
zar
zar
zar
zar
zar
*00
ni
ha
na
hum
to visit
he visited
he visited
he visited
he visited
he visited
he v .sited
he visited
me
you (s)
him
her
us
you (P)i
them
B.
ma'of* from'
zaf jn: i
xaf mnk
xaf I em
to be afraid (of )
he was afraid of me
he was afraid of you (s)
he was afraid of him
he was afraid of her
he was afraid of us
he was afraid of you (p)
he was afraid of them
xaf
xaf
zaf
xaf
mnna

Moroccan Arabic
221
tit 14
Moroccan Arabic 222. Unit 1~4*
C. /bi-/I 'ith,
fem~
ffaq (bi-)
ffaq by:a
ffaq bik
ffaq bib
ffaq biha
ffaq bina
ffaq bikum
ffaq bihum
oft' (also /f'i-/ 'in' and /li-/ 'to']3
to wake up
to become aware off
he became aware off me
he became aware off you (s)
he became aware off him
he
he
he
he
became
became
became
became
aware
aware
aware
aware
off her
off us
off you (p)

off them
kdb ( la)t e (o
kdb vly:a he lied to me
kdb i lik he lied to you (s)
kdb a lb he lied to him
kdb tubia he lied to her
kdb tlna he lied to us
kdb flikum he lied to you (p )
kdb '2.-ihum he lied to them
mtraith' (likewise &/ /'near,. at one's ilace!'
/W-/wf th'.fwaf'behind')
tkl:m
tkl.m (mta)
tkl. m mraya
tklm = msak
tkl.:m meh
tkl :m meaha
to talk
to talk (to)
he talked to me
he talked to you (s)
he talked to him
he talked to her

Moroccan Arabic
222
Unit 14
tkl :m
tk. :m
tki :m
mvahum
he
he
he
talked to us
talked to you (p)
talked to them
D . Xerbs ending in vowels and /a/
ctaj
cta
'ta
ta
'*ta
tta
0t
ni
ha
na
hkm
t~give
he gave
he gave
he gave
he gave
he gave
he gave
he gave
me
you (s)
him
her
us
you(P)
them
ra , presentational particle
'here is, here are't
ra
ra
ra
ra
ii
ki
(here) I am
(here) you (mns) are
(here) youi (f's) are
(here) he is
(here) she is
(here) we are
(here) you (P) are
(here) they are
=a
ha
na
kum

Moroccan Arabic
223
Unit i4
4. rah 'there he i s'
fayn had ? Where is Ahmed?
rah tm:a . There he is.
Also :
at rak tqul ? What are you saying?
~which is equivalent to :
ag 1katqu1. ? What are you saying?
XIV.3 Questions - 'as'ila
1. Cs kaydi!'i 1mrSsba qbl m yaklu ?
2. am 1mt'lsm dyal lta'ila d ad?
3. bas bdaw It $a
4.. =a dsmt fatsim b ahi mamb'd I ?ra
5. sl1ea'ila cd d bxat 71kaka iw1:a la ?
6. kifal iaatu lkl3iib2 bi1
7. aian kiaw m bed 1esa ?
8. as kayzidu 1wa iba fatay ?
11. kifalkayabit1uraziba M ;rm wicfal kayyabu Iaenw:ai.
** *

Moroccan Arabic
224
.t 14
Moroccan Arabic 224 Unit 11k
XIV. 4 Proverbs (16 - 20) -lutal
(16) rma sftk sb;htk
sb :h
Guilt by association.
to compare, to take or mistake (tor)
sbh
Everything has an end.
(18) yd; whda nmkatkf; fs0
to bee zne morning
yd : (f) / yd:in
kf
is necessary.
hand
to clap
Cooperation
(19) 1f ar 11l:q ~i se d lqt:
far (mn) / firan rat, mouse
qi :q to worry, irk, irritate
mql :q (in) worried, restless
se d happiness
qt: (i)/qtult tomcat
A look of suspicion or worry often leads to being trapped.


Moroccan Arabic 225 unit 14
(20) drbni wbka , wsbqni wska
bka (i) to cry, weep
sbq to precede, go before
ska (i) to complain
Sometimes people who complain the most are themselves the ones
responsible f'or the problem.


'Moroccan Arabic
JVJ^d
226
Unit 15
~4oroccan Arabic 226 Unit 15
xv. 1 Ahmed and George Meet in a Detroit Coffee Shop -
md w1urV i1ohwa
(H) - Aimed, /bmd/
(2 ) - George, fzur/
($H) - s h3i z T~1k , mayn s iyadatk
(Z)- ana i wilayat miS: ig "
(H) - di.it fibali beryl-.a ta
aarida "arabiy:a .
(Z} - la asidi ana amiriksi
ualak i drat 1:Uya
1varaby: a fi Zaxic'at mLs: igai.
wsidatk nta , mayn?
(H)- ana m'wribi mr:bat .
() - sai? 2iu mmnasaba zyaa
hzadi " ana yadi magi 1",-bat
f s:if nsa'a.: ah
(H) - um h:t~a a kadalik 'radi
"]a= fr:bat bad S~if nsa'a1.:ah .
Tell me please, where you are from?
I am froze the state of Michigan.
I thought that you were an Arab
because I saw you reading an
Arabic newspaper.
No, I am an American, but I studied
Arabic at the University of Michigan.
Where are you from?
I am a Moroccan from Rabat.
Is that so? Thiis is a nice occasion.
I am going to Rabat this suminr.
I am also going' to be in Raat this
sn-Is.

Moroccan Arabic
227
T. ilt 15
Moroccan Arabic 227 tkiit 15
(Z) - iwas a tslam f: bat ?
(H) - 1:2h yaWd: i xlqt fr:bat
wrml.t d: rasa dyali fr:bat
w1 '2'ila dyali kul:ha fr :bat
(H- ana sibhmd. wnta ?
(Z) si zurz
(H) - mtsar~fin asi zuz . * ali
asi zurz , kattkl :minbd: ariia
lmy riby: a si r±'ie . fy
Iv am lmdi , wakadal ik drst
(H) _ was drsti 1rir l:ura ?
(Z) } _t: ariaz W:W&!fiy: a
wl'adab , wifisafa , wrilm
d: wly: a bin s : q l &Wt:
waml 1friqy: a wlyrb
tm~i tcml f - ~b daba ?
Do you live in Rabat?
Certainly. I was born in Rabat and
went to school there and all my
family is in Rabat.
What is your name, please?
My name is Ahmed. And you?
My name is George.
I am happy to meet you. You speak
very good Moroccan Arabic. Where
did you learn it?
I learned it at the Ulniversity of
Michigan last yrear. I also studied
Classical Arabic for three years.
What else did you stuldy besides the
Arabic lnugel?
(I studied) history, geography,

literature, philosophy, sociology,
and economics and international
relations between the Middle
Bast, North Africa and the West .
Please, if I my ask, what do you
plan to do in Morocco?

Moroccan Arabic
228
Unit 15
T~Laasar a ik~tm: bZ: o
bhai kifas kayris s tb lmribi
mnnaha lqawae id lmrriby: a
m huwa firaq bin s: b
(H) -.kaizm: awlk n :a~ah.
(L)- baraa 1: ahu fik . smhli,
Was asbi tariq bas ym~ili
n saf r bna 1r:bat ?
(H) - fdk u hwayz , 1:W:la
tsb:r Ipanam mniyurk lr.-bat
walakin miz bt i ahmi t sb :r
t:7: a~a mditrwa l'up~a
I would like to do sociological
research because I am interested in
sociological matters such as how
the Moroccan people live, i. e.Moroccan
customs and habits and the sociolog-
ical differences between the Westerners
and Moroccans.
I wish you success.
Thanks. Please tell me what is the
easiest way to go from here to
Rabat?
You have two ways, First of all, you
can take a plane from Detroit to N.Y.
then take Panm from 1New York to
Rabat, but I think it is better for
you to take a plane from Detroit to
Europe, either to Lndon or Paris,
im a l:mid' wI: a bazriz , wmb'd then take Royal Air Maroc to Pabat.
tg-b: r 2X!4U lalaky: a l'riby: a
wbl :u'ra ifran s7: a hiya zrwayal air mrek .

( Z) anqv2.:i , kif a had ;:twaya3l
air wark ? mzyani ?
(H) aahyavdi, S i y ninTu
wadM. f :atat £ba, adi
tors. ass: ma Task.
Say, how are the Royal Air Maroc
flights? Are they good?
CertinlThey are excellent.
They are big jets. You'll1 be very
comfortable.

Moroccan Arabic
229
Unit 15
bariz I"&: bat ?
(H -z lmatar bid fr b at
f s,.2. b cid ma; :bat si tmaa
Wl: a sra kiluitr.
(Z )
-kifas ymknhi nI~i IL:; tS'
l~dza.
(H) -l;i tws2. Isla tm:a kayo
taksi, awi; a b: r akar ri
btlata dd : raa.
How long is the flight from Paris
to Rabat?
I think it is two and a half hours .
Is the airport far from Rabat?
The airport is not in Rabat. It is
in sale. It is about 8 or 10 1ilo-
meters from ]Rabat,,
How can I go from the airport to the
city?
In sale there are cabs or you can
take the bus, which is inexpensive
and will take you downtown for
three dirbams.
I am very happy that I met you today.
1+ wfe also likes the Middle East
very much and is interested in North
Africa. 'What do you have to do
tomorrow?
I'll have to talk to my wife this
evening. Give me your address and
phone number.
(z)
w1 wlahi usla a afrbaastir
ht: a hiya katb'ri ktir °:rq
l'?aw wthtm: kadalik
bscal friy: a. ovas vndk
si ha~a mhim: a'yda?
(H) - radi a:3: ak r a ra ti 1ym
fl2.y a nsa a: ate . tini


Moroccan Arabic
230
Unit 15
CZ*)- tfd:2 Xald ha lakat dy ali
uiabd nta w'att. aziw zur ma
(H)} - Baz;a labd; . I; ayh~nik"
(Z) -bs;1am
Vocabulary
wilaya (f') I -t
bal
fibali
;d= Ibal
caabi (a) / arab
taraby: a (±1)/ .mt
lu'ra (f) / --t
sshih
kasik
daiia(f I/-t
.0
;uT!rfiy: a
Here is my -card. Phone me
tomorrow and bring your ife and
visit with us.
Sure. Goodbye.
Goodbye.
state
to think
idea, mind (used only in certain
epre ssimiss)
to (with) myself
pay attention 1
Arab
Arab
language
trie, rift
that
also
to dwell
to be born
dialect, colloquial
to teach
to learn
Classical Arabic
besides, except, other than
history
geography

ZAd uftroccan Arabic
231
Unit 15
I1"adab
ifisafa
lqtisad
bn
i'> 1awt
sama fiqy : a
Wyrb
s'al
bit (in) / abha$t
Zti Ti (in)
htin
ins'a3a (f) / masa'il
bhal
was (i)
s: sb
inrnaha
q& ida ( f) / qawa' id
fi aq (Cm)
shl C) aah
im asb .b
tariqa (f )
aw: al r: a
oaf: ata (f) / -t
literature
philosophy
sociology
economics
international relations
between
Middle East
North Africa
the West
to ask
research
social (Nisba)
to pay attention, to be concerned
matter, question
like
to live
people (of a country)
that is to say
custom, habit
dif'ference
to wish
success
easy
easier, easiest
may, mner
first of all.

Moroccan Arabic
232
Uit 15
t7 (ECI) / -t
z zihti
Mih (I' / -t
i a ... awl sa
wass m)
mw mr osk
mWtar (in) / -at
rxis C m)
vs:
"zimC m)
d:2 (m) ( k> :
qs () ar2
Eiti
airplane
from my (own) point of~ view
side
best, better
either... .or
wide
comfortable (f'or you)
to appeor, seem
airport
cheap
to mke reach
to get acquainted with, stow (of )
important
he talked (to converse)
number
to visit and stay up late
together
4,*
XV.2 Grammtical Notes

1. bayl :a :tthat =:
dn :it bayl :a nta starabi . I thought that yon were an Arab.
s rtt bayl:a had y'adi yzi hk I knew that Abmed will come here
Ind:a . tomorrow.

Moroccan Arabic
233
Unit 15
2. Comparative and superlative forms of~ adjcectives:
ashi 'easier, easiest" and ahn better, best' occurred in the
conversation. In Moroccan Arabic, comparative and superlative
forms are alike, e. g.
Ammdi.
kbir
syir
nqi
Comv. /hizer.
ak~br
asyr
anqa
big
si
clean
The distinction between the comparative and the superlative
is made bythe use of' the preposition i 'of', from'. This
preposition is used only with the comparative.
bad d:r:i kbir . - This boy is big.
had d:r:i akbr am wldk . Tis boy is bigger than your
son.
bada akbr dr :i . This is the biggest boy.
bts tmi fas y1 ktsb :r
i:a lImailna awl :a 2Jk
In order to go to Fez , you
can take either the train or
the bus.
tini ima qhwa wi. :a atay IM: Give me either coffee or
yal:ik. tea, please.
4. mss:ara ask comortable';
The word a head' is used very often to express ' sell" as in
?mself "

Moroccan Arabic
234
Unit 15
quit mi a ra si.
sawbba brasu.
siri qdi ha a
r; askc(< Trask )}
rasa hum bra=t
=ia.brasi
VMSymik tqum bhpd 2x ma
nitesbrask?
I said to myself.
He fixed it (f)} for himself .
He fixed it (f ) himseJlf.
Go do somethn for yourself:Z
He himself went .
I myself
Can you do this work~ all by yourself?
***
XV. 3 Questions " as,9ila
1.
2.
3.
5I.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
fsyn tiaqa Z 3qv id
uszurzkay ''f aa biy:a ?
fayn qaha ?
was zu$frlan ml: i tlaga m'a bnd? t 1as (why?)
as Tadi ydir zuri flmrrib ?
srtu qa zub f 1z ai?

irni qal bI nd 24%! tis=V41 i alakysa 1m iby~a ?
was 1ma btid m;:a?
***

Moroccan Arabic
235
Unit 15
XV. 4 Proverbs (21 25) lmtal
(21) daona wdar bursa, wzaw ikiab ytr~duna
kib (in) / kiab dog
trd to dismiss
This proverb is said about people who are oppressed and shows how
"slaves sometimes become masters".,
(22) ibab 1: i Iayd i1 :U r: ih , sd:u trta .
rib (n) /ryah wind
rtah to rest, get better
Always try to avoid problems.
(23) bas turf lkd.; ab , wsl :u ht: a 1bab4: sr.
rS :1 to take (to ), to make reach
kd~ab 1her
If you check up on things, you 'wil discover the truth.
(24~) qal.:u as xs:k altryax , qal:u lxwatm amlay .
xa (in) / xawatm ring
miB1y title given to a descendant of~ the
Prophet MKohammaed, here: S ir, Mr.
Pbr those wsho have nothing, l'ires are more important than
necessities.

236
sky
bird
Unit 15
in the bush.
tir (in) / tyuir
sma (f) / smaiwat

M OTCCcan Arabic
(25) tir f:L-Ya:

A bird in hand is worth two


Moroccan Arabic
237
Unit 16
Moroccan Arabic 237 Unit i6
UNhTIT SlTE1
XVil1 Ahmed and Lila Visit George and Mary
ziyart and lIuTr
(14) - Mry, /mari/, Georget s wife
(L) - Lila, /lila/, Abmed ts wife
(Z) si 1hmd bhb= asidi tfd:lu . Hello, Ahmed. Come in. Mary
n.ri ariy , hada ci bn come and meet Ahmed and his wife
m ribi Ws: y: da from Morocco .
matou.
(H)} abin bik alai: g nqd: mlk
mrati lila.
(14 } x rhba bik ala: a .
mrhba bik '"ud , . tf q,:lu
br0m
1lice meeting you. I would like to
introduce my wife, ila .
Welcome madam. Welcome.
Please sit here.
(H qv1k!
(Li) m a3 yan aa.
ld9asaf 9 oW:a
(H) -dbrli ma strir vain
This is a nice place.
Yes, but imfortunately, it is a
little bit too small.
It doesn't look too small.


Moroccan Arabic
238
Unit i6
(ZL)- si bind as b'4tu tsrbu
asii . yr IiiSki
wkay ilb ir: a wkayn
mirbat 9rin .
(H) - Gila as bfiti tsrbi
1: a yil:ik
(Z) - nta asi hm!?
(H) - iwafht: a =a atini si
kuika kadalik0
Abmed, what do you want to drink?
We have whiskey, beer and other
drinks.
Lila, what do you want to drink?
Give me some ice cold Coke please.
How about you, Abmed?
Me too. A Coke, please .
How about you, Mary?
I would like some juice.
All right .
(Z)-
4wni ari ?
(Z)- - a
(Z)
-tf:li alal: a , xd~i , ba iUkka Please, madam, take the Coke.
tf d:21 asi bnd , srid, , ha nita . Ahmed, here you are.o Mary, here is
t!&d: li ai , zadi , ba lm c .your juice.
(H) baraka 1: ahu iik
Zianks.
(L) -had lIdka mtl: za mzyz
kaa mea bad s:hd .
(M} _qulili ,wan lndlz ±2 'rb
s:hd bbal bad s: W1:a

aktr?
This Coke is ral cold. It
helps with the heat.
Sad, is it as hot or even hotter
than here in Mrocco2


Moroccan ,Arabic
239
Unit 16
(L)- Ia, Ia, t; q s flmrib dims
=y S:jif wf s:tya
(H) -i ziht lh: baza sahia
t:qs Tlmy'zib dims =yan
f±r: as fs: if 3ayrza si
sary: a dbaafyust
(L) - fr;bat)izw: m'taba , walay :i
kayr i i wy: a dr: tuba
vndkozm flmrrib ?
(H) sndna fr:bat za icat to 'i
Izxamis hiya lianita Ikbira
.0''ibIi~ , valayni kayn
furaz"shad Jiamita fd: ar
Ibida , wfas , wtitwan , winaas.
wkim t~rf aqdm Zami'a fT1. ib
waIfriqy: a W q l'awst
hiya zaitiat Iqarawy in f: a.
tbnat foam tmuw;a wtya
vyinki bays.:a lqaawy :in
fimyrib , wI'azba fm's
aqdm ~amitat fl'alam ,
loo, the weather is Morocco is always
excellent, summer and winter.
As mar as the weather is concerned
there is nothing to worry about.
The weather in Morocco is always
good. In Ma.rrakech it is a little
bit hot in August.
How about the weather in Rabat?
It is excellent. However, it is a
little bit humid.
Eow many universities do you have

in Morocco?
In Rabat, we have the University of
Moham~ed 7, mwhich is the largest
university in Morocco, and it has
branches in Casablanca, PFez, Tetuan
and Meknes.. As you kniow, the oldest
university in Morocco and in all of
North Africa and the M.ddle East
is the K aracuine 'University in F ez,
iich was built in 808 A.D.. We
my say that K araaR~dne in Morocco and
Al Azhar in Egypt are the two oldest

universities in the world. Al Azhar

Moroccan Arabic
unit 16
240
jc1aved: as Iazhr tbnat f ia
vit bas nqu. : k bayl :a
kayn ' " a t bnyulSf mr : aks.
i wa asi d= had s:i an
( } - vas 2.asatj da k11:bh2m ma ariba?
(H)} - la kayn 'asatida '.oTUP: acv: in
lwmSr:fnwkayn ht- a
1 'amiriky;in
(L)} - ana qrit w a 'vs tada 'amiziky: a
vest~aWvst: in fr:bat. -sb1i asi
furl rail i ns3a maqgal : k bayl:a
endxza fr: bat lmdrasa 1 qu1ya
Ilasatida . wfmlaias kayns
k31.:y: at I filaba . f a
Wd: ar Ibi da kayn ki: y: atiqz.
wfrhtaIm Ia i a Ida5c nadrasat g
lbndaza
(Z ) - iWas ndkcIumkul~y:at t: ib;
()1:at yawd: i 12: y: at t: 3b:
kayna fr : bat
was built in 970 A.Dl. I forgot
to tell you that in Marrakech we have
the University of Ben Yusef. And
that is all we have .
Are all the professors Moroccan?
No, there are European and Egyptian
and even American professors.
I studied with an American professor
from Colorado in 1.966 in Rabat.
And my husband forgot to tell you
that we have the T-eacher' s T rainn
College in Rabat, the College of

Agriculture in M~eknes, the Faculty
of Law in Mekes and Fez, and the
School of Bagineering in Rabat.
Do you have a medical S baoo?
Certainly, that is in Rabat.


Moroccan Arabic
241
Unit 16
1&oroccan Arabic 241 Unit iG
(M) -wslkil : y: at 'ndkum f lmrib
'ndhum zizanat zyanin
(H) - suf asidi , 10.1: l1i .: y: a
S i h a m kt ab a w ~i bed kayn izana
lern a z izana kbira , kayn Tiha
1011: lktub I: i tts : , wkayn f iha
~ulat eaaby: a rnakaymklhias
twzd fl"'alam
(M) -tf +1u asi hmd iL sa miwzud
(H) - Seaii alal: a fayn bit Ira ?
(M)- tfd:1 ha hiya -ud: amk' . tfd:3i
giSi h3a hday alila.
(L) -baadka ?:ahu 'ik .quli li
'arabi
Do the Moroccan colleges have
good libraries?
First of~ all, each college has a
library. We also have the Public
Library which is a l.arge library
that has all sorts ofrbooks. It
also has Arabic manuscripts which
are really u~nique,
Dinner is ready.
There is the bathroomL, please?2
it's over there. Lila, please sit
byrne.
Thanks . Did you ever have Arabic
food?
I've eaten Lebanese food. We have
a restaurant here named Al Sheikh
Restaurant with Eastern food.
All Arabic cooking is simla. In

Morocco we have special dishes such
as stow, soup , and couscous.
I would like you both to come and
have dinner with us this coming
(M)
-klit t'bz lubnani "* ana wanid
lmatsam smi mt* am s:ix , fih 'aka
s"q
(L) 1b laabi k:ulmu yan.
wkaytabh . flmfrib kayo si
wrira . nsa'al, ah itmaw nti
wr&alk txiw 'ndxla nbar" M~


Moroccan Arabic
242
tit 16
Moroccan Arabic 242 *~it i6
lzya. +l'1 y: a 3 tt s : aw lai
(H) b ad l", '1'airiki f fWmy:1
(L) - t: ..°na zbni bad 1tsa bz :a!
sad I: azl ibaraka
bna mtsr; ±fin bzyatkIzm .
(H) -Si gurl ana ntkl elik nosr
; wa nta wzui atkc fl a n a'alah.
(H) -bs;laa..
(Z) - 'a s:alm.
Friday evening,
Sure, it will be a pleasure.
This American food is nice and light.
I like it. Everything was good.
I liked this dinner very much.
Thank you.
D=n't mention it. We are honored
by your visit.
George, we are looking forward to
seei.ng you Friday for dinner.
Sure, we will come.
Goodbye.
Vocabulary
S:d / sadat
S7: da / -t
b.a. Cma) / -t
mat 1'asaf
mtayl3i
fister
Madam (term of reference)
place
imtort~matelyi (with regret)
to appear, to seem
ice cold
please

Moroccan Arabic
243
Unit 16
~oroccan Arabic 243 Unit i6
Sri
k sir
ktr
: to
haZa sa
abad a
(3L'() / :furu2'
ki
bn.,a ( i)
~'am (mn) / -:t. (aso in)
bad s: i ma kaa
'stall (m) / 'asatida
'us to a (f) / riuztadat
c'ali (i
"ac3la (mn) ; ciaya C(f) (szperlztive)
]al :y: at 1f i2aha
.a~;:
kuzl:y:at 2~uquq
llm daza lbnhdasa
to be useful
heat
cold
much, many, a lot
more
the weather
the weather
rain
as far as, from the point of' view
something easy
never
heat, warmth
humidity
branch
as
to build
year
that's all there is
professor
higher, highest
Faculty of Agriculture
college
Faculty of Law
ezngneering, geometry

Moroccan Arabic
244
Unit 16
Moroccaa Arabic 244 Unit i6
t: ib:
tbib (in) / 'atib: a
-a (f) I "t
sn~a (f) / snap
mktaba (f) / -t
1:i
katzs:
tut (Mn) / -at
bit im
tbx
lubnaui (as)
sbh
kaytsabh
Xfif (mn)
tqil (in)
bZ:aiof 'ad
t. (tia)
zu a / -t
medicine
medical doctor
tooth
bookshop
iwich, that, who
(is) are necessary (f )
mnuscript
to be ready (here: found )
rest room
cookin g
Lebanese (Nisba)
to look like
is (are) alike
special
light
heavy
very much, too much
to depend (on)
Wife
***

Moroccan Arabic
245
un--it 16
Moroccan Arabic 245 Unit iE
XVI.2 Grammatical Notes (on tape)
1. ma ... walu
ma syir walu
ma mss walu
ma klit w&'A1:ym.
ma qalI :i walu
ma trnd3.i au
2. b
mayes bhal bad s: i
t:qs Ima bhal t~qs flm'yrib
0 . . 0.9 .
'at all'
It's not small at all .
He did not go at all..
I did not eat at all today; I
haven't eaten anything today.
He did not tell me anything.
I have nothing at all.
'like'
There is nothing like this.
The weather here is like that of~
Morocco.
b as a ?
like what?
kaylbs mgr: x bhal ila
mas'ndu fltis
3. 'yir siiwy: a
C t'iYi r 53. 5WY:a
kla yir si SWy: a ds:lada
~.bad s: j ma kan
qal i bayl :a radi 3y z
Yrd: a,vhad s :i ma kan

He wears dirty clothes as 2± he
has no money.,
' just a little bitt
Give me just a little- bi t.
He only ate a little salad.
'that is it!
He said he'll. come tomorrow and
that is all (that he said)


Moroccan Arabic
246
uritt 16
Moroccan Arabic 246 Unit iG
5. 7;w
was nta .adi tbga Ima ?
was qal ;k bayl; a y'adi
6. 1id kays;
1:i YZS;
1:2. ] ts:
1; i3kasZ:U
l: i yZS;U
'rad nwz ; 3k dak s:i
1: ikayxs: (oh.1:id y=.-)e
7mayuala
also m.ayr. Ius
bhad s: ink lk1us yd
Isi blasa Xa 1mryi bna..
myziznas nmsiw 1maas
1y3za
is, are, do, does, will ... ?
Are you going to stay here?
Did he tell you that he is going
to leave2
which is necessary (mns)
which is necessary (Ifs)
which are necessary (p)
113.1 prepare that (tb insi which is
necessary.
it (f~) can'tt, she cma nt
it (in) can't, he can't
She can It work today.
This thing cans't be found anywhere
else (except here).
We can't go to Menes today.


Moroccan Arable
247
.t 16
8. ~ age (life )
cmriziall my .i~e
rmrk all your(s) life
cmru all his Life
1i ma mac~ I have never,. I tL1 never
r~ni m it lmr: ak . I have never been to Marrakech.
mat kt'tawd Don't ever do that again!
m'vni an 'awd asi lbulisi I I1ll never do it again, Officer.
ms'ai n'awd . I t 1 never do it again.
XVI. 3 Questions - as'?ila
1. amumtb d wasm t ur ?
3. aiim 1'bbnd wtu uaiuu bat m1 ?
1.. kifa s ~q$flm'rrib ?
5. ki f8as ZW: f':sass ? vf ban ?
6. e 1 at inea flmdrrib ? ikwi hum ?
7. Was kayna kuil: y: at : ib flm'rrib ?
8. wal 1'aaatida fiaitat fi: d 2zamis .1.s:li mribs ?
9. way' l lkul:y~at fl'rri b Pn~Aktmizsmat kba ?
10. ki1 dayza lzizanta iam f: ba%?
11. * tmna i iviy:&aet: bcxlma'ribi
12. fuqal rdi luri y S bnd
* fir

Moroccan Arabic
248
Unit 16.
Moroccan Arabic 248 Unit i6.
xvI.ii Proverbs (26 - 30) - Intal
(26) as kayo rf Ibmar f s : bir
hr (in) / h.inir
s;1a bir
Always ask someone who knows,
donkey
ginger
(27) 1: i fatk blila , fatk bhila
hila (f) /-t trick
Old people usually are more experienced than younger ones.
(28) ht:a gab, vad 'i.~q lbzab
tab (i)
'ad
hns at the proper time .
(29) za ybu s wldu Zw:rlu ciniu
to get old, to get grey hair
to hang up, wear (for necklace)
then
amulet, charm, veil
bas (u) to kiss
ZW~r to poke, to unclog
sirs (f) / 'y~ eye; also a spring of water
This proverb is said about well-intentioned, though clumsy
people who, by their awkward deeds, cause more harm than good.

Moroccan Arabic
249
UInit 16
(30) 2.:3 ca:u i s , kay f 1 n:ba
r'd:U(-u-)
bn s (m) / Mnusa bnas
qn:ba (f) / -t gnzab
After' beinig bitten by a snake,
of its resemblance to a snake;
to bite, to sting
snake
cord, spring
one normally fears a rop e, because
once bitten, twice shy.


i+ roccan Arabic
2 50
Unit 17
UNIT SEV MM
XVI I.1= George and Mary Visit Abmed and Lila
ziyart
(H) v tn
mhba
zur :3lamdi hzr
Srb f4:1 f:I
(- sukrr asi su
(L)} abl^wa sabin ma, ms'sxbar'k?
::ti bixir ?
(H)- tf :lzuasii . gsu.
(L,) . aiy awn. i gl si b .
(M) -.had I1bit i. bni had
lfras wrribi
"rdi tkfu, kayn nwat ktira
bz:afsIal: fT sat . kl:wd
kayf23 s d;Srdyalu bd: uq l:i
ybi .
Who is it? Come in. Ah, is that
you, George? Welcome, come in.
Thanks. Abmed.
Hello, Mary. How are you?
I am fine. How are you?
I am fine.-
Sit dogn, please .
Sit be re, Mary.
hiis is a nice room. I like this
Moroccan funiture.
When you go to 3+rocco, you'l~l find
different varieties of furniture.
everybody furnishes his house
according to his crn taste.


Moroccan Arabic
251
Unit 17
(M)- zrby; a jzala hadi , vibtni
bz : of .1:i-fl !iha ba'il
(L) -Nadi zrby: a qdims . badi
v r siin whiya s'ndxna . ila
msitu ifas , kayn tin a bz of
dz :zrabi , alin mn hadi
(H) - zurz , labd.: ma nf ibu waa
52. zrby: a wl: a m: fib
(H) - s~iuli.,w~;t:lki i i rba
m'iby: a.
(Z) -y: ih sau hiyabad
lmzba?
(H)- had 2msruba magriby: a
(-: 'm mi smrt had
5:]."
(H)- tf d; li a i , xad~i dmai
tfd.:l a iurz , zczd, qul :i
kif ~ak.
This is an excellent rug. I like
it very much. It has excellent
colors.
It isan old rug. Webhave had it
for ten years. if you go to Fez
there are a lot of rugs far better
than this.
George, we must bring one or two of
these rugs back with us from
Mrocco.
Excuse me, I prepared a Moroccan
drink for you.
Is that 'so? 'What is it ?
We call it almond juice.

I've never heard of it.
Here, Ma.ry, taste it. Here, George.
Tel l me how you like it.


Moroccan Arabic
252
Unit 17
rfiv had i" . Nad~i aw:2.
M=faibayst dyali , 1 i k= srb
1:i z wsu?
(M) -Mndlaom bz~af dyal l.:UZ
fl1 rib ?
lsuiz flma'rrib . m'rib blad
f iabiy: a . ndna bz :af dlfakiya.
f~rib b al lwilaya dlkaifuni
fimayrib
(L) - iwa kayn 1: izm b]3w ktfr ,
1V32Ud bz:af , rxs bz : f ,
wrkayn Tham. kadal ik . iwa wkayn
d:l: ab , wlbt: iz,dak s: 1
kasd:qUh 'l2rd:as kayo =:u
bz: a! . wkayn t- .z biw w~yan
w~s , wkayn l km=s ,V
W3w3.nb wlbrqq . iwa
Ah excellent.-ftVery good. This
is the first time I ever drank it .
Do you have. a lot of almonds in
mrocco ?
Certainly there are a lot of al.monds
in Morocco . Morocco is an agricul-
tural country. We have a lot of
fruit like California and even more.
Tell her what we have there.
Well, we have oranges that are very
sweet, plentiful and cheap. We export
a lot of them. We have lemons also.
And a lot of watermelons and melons
which we give away free because we
la ye too many of them. We have dates

that are sweet and cheap. We also
have figs, peaches, apricots, grapes
and plums. Well, we have all sorts
tndnma lakiya Iazba uiuaflmi"ft of fruits.
(N _ V3-=z a ?
(H) .wlzdraEowabout vegetables?


Moroccan Arabic
253
unit 17
Moroccan Arabic 253 Unit 2.7
(L)- wlxiidra haz a sahia f lmib
3C3: l;Si zza
(M) -vas lztidra yalya ?
(L) -.lIa, abadan *. z isa bz:af
masi bhal ha fi amirika
t's'Zfi shad. kaysw-a kilu d ' ati sa
Qfldna fr~bat ? rbea dr:yal
alsnaha rbta ds~ns.
(M) .W2.s bs:ah rxs bad si ?
(L) -kayn mazal arcs: fT2'aswaq 'la
b=: a . had t:8nan hada tm
lmdia
(Z)_ was "ndkum bz :af dlwrd?
(L) ..jWa kay a 1w wn:w:ar bz~af .
(Z) kayr'bni 1wrd lm bz of
fras (in) / -at
nlut.(mn) / maay aaw5c
fr:
ZD±r:3 (in)
duq
As far as vegetables
there is no problem,.
everything is there.
are concerned,
As in America,
Are vegetables expensive?
Ngo, not at all. Th1ey are very cheap .
It is not like the U.S.A. Do you
know how much a kilo or tomatoes costs
in Rabat'? Fur rials, I. e. four
pennies .
Really, is it that cheap?

You can get it still cheaper in
small towns and villages. This price
I quoted you is for the city.
Do you have a lot of roses?
Iots and lots of roses and flowers .
I like red roses very much.
who is it?
furiture
kind, sort variety
to furnish
furnished
taste

Moroccan Arabic
254
unit 17
wa.~ ( U)
Vzala ( f) /
'1°2 t Laa
+uz ;m)
sm'
kiI f ak..
l azt C(f)
blad t f) / ,at bidan=
biw (in) / b1w:in
ir: (in) / -i
Sd:r
Stuwrd
1xarij
sadaqa (f') / -t
spa (a)
bs; ah
~za1
l1a br: a
w rda (f') / wrd
fW ar / flW:Sa
to taste
that, which, who (relative)
gazelle
a pretty girl (gazelle-like girl)
I prepared
almnds
to hear, listen
how does it strike you
3ife
country
agriculture
agricultural C4 isba)
sweet
bitter (taste)
to export
to import
outside, exterior, abroad
to give alms
charity
to be worth, to cost
is that truie? , true, correct
not yet, still
rural areas, vlaes
rose
flower
*

Moroccan Arabic
255
Unit 17
XVI I,.2 Grammatical Notes
1. skL~
slam hada?
sku huwa. l: i gaa:k had
si?
ymsi Iberiz ?
2. nu
who is (are)?
Who is it?
Who is it that told you this thing?
Who (among you) is going to go
to Paris ?
what ?, which;
snu byiti ? What do you want?
sriu qulti ? What did you say?
soiu had s; i? What is this thin?
snu byiti ? lxdr w? : a lbmr ? Which one do you want - the green
or the red?
3. za (i) t'to come : has the imperative a~i (is) , aziy (fa) , aziw (P)
and also has the following manings:
kif Zak lm stlr ?
fayn a~t lzizana ?
ha b3nd a.
za ii bbal ila blw bz :f .
kayyi m'ak had 1:=
za kbir vly: a
How do you like the juice? hr stelbay
Here comes Amed.
It seems to me as if it were very sweet.
This color suits you.
Why did you take sides Frith bam?
It was big for me.

r7

Moroccan Arabic
256
U nit 17
XVII. 3 Questions- 'as'ila
2. kif za lf'as 1m'rribi 1aw-i ?
3. kifa s kayf :iii lm 'arba 4.:7u dyalhzm ?
4.. kifas dayrin ;: abi f1m'rib ?
,0 mnu hiya leit ba 1: i qd ea bind 1zurz ?
6. was mzud bz of d1:iiz f1m'y'rib ?
7. arku hu if awkih 1:1i kaynin flmyib ?
8. was ay bz : af d3x=xUa f13maTb ?
9. qui na si w1din (I soma t) m:huin?
10. was lfakya v~zta a 'alyin flma 'ib ?
XVII. 14 Diner at Ahmed and Lil.a's - tia end bu d wlila
(H) -ila , was 14l a mud?
1!gi si bna )dsya .
(H) -ariy nbdaw bl nia, ubed
Zibilna t: dzin , Wkzsii , wdik
is dinner ready, Lia
Yes, please let us go in. Sit here,
) r9, next to me.
Itt's begin with the soup, then the
stew and the couscous, and the
M~roccaz1 salad that I prepared.


Moroccan Arabic
257
Unit 17
(L) - w=:a ty: b
(Mv) rib' a nic tabara hadi .ea
nti l:1 sawbti had.ixubz ?
(L iY2h sa~wbtu l yu ±s..bah .
aw dihawlt ana era. 1i ktir bas
n'strmlu had 1xu bz 1 "aniriki
w lakin m a l'asa7 rtb
bhal ltn
(M) - had lmbz 1:1i sawbti itabar.
(L) - ±'imyrib lca'ilat l1Tibiy: a
kaywbu di.a 1xibz ±fd: ar .
qlijIbas kansr iw 2xibz ml:meant .
w ndn lXb : a za ±'myni
kada2lik, aysawbu xtxbz
m vtabar
(8) s iu~ kz* kutl *zid si
Wy: a dt: Szin . ranimyan .
(M) - sali asi bind , W : Shim fya
(H) - Lila , libilna liqam W:Wa ,
bas byit fwr:i i u E ki~fas
lasawbu atay ma'ibi.
All right.
It smells good. Did you bake this
bread?
Yes, this morning. We tried to
eat American bread, but we couldn't.
It is as wet and as spongy as cotton.
The bread you baked is excellent .
Moroccan families usually bake
their owgn bread at home. In very
few instances do we buy bread from
the stores. However, bakeries there

have excellent bread.
George, eat. Take some stew; it
is good.
Excuse me, I can It eat ayhn else.
I am full to the brim. aks
ila, bring the tea, the mint and
the nuts. I would like to show
George how to preaeMoroccan tea.


Moroccan Arabic
258
Unit 17
(12)
- :S ya~wd: i sm. t ktir c1a
had atay mayibi .bnrt ansafk
kifas katsawbu .
(M)- as had r: bit 3lX# bBd ?
(H) - mark ma.fti had s:i ?
(14) -Ia .ha a ' aw:1l = w a. fih
r :i1 a mzyana
(H) hada huwa n : naq
(L)- tfd:li Ruth atay a an
({M) - si surl , kat'i stay biw
awl :a ms:us ?
{ ) -1I:a yxl: ik b'i t 'r2.r s5e
mlq:a d5:uk:&r
(H) - bna lm 'rba kalb'riw atay
biw bz;aof
(14) -bad atay fi" . Iw: i eZbni
1"t=i:a si n ha Y3 et43
kifas tb~ti had . .
(L)- 'a1: at Yd: i * bkl: Farah
* . 4i bit
Sure, I have heard a lot about this
Moroccan tea. I would like to see
you prepare it.
What is this green grass here?
You mean you haven 't seen it beffore?
No, this is the first time. It
smells good.
This is mint.
Here , Ma.ry, take some tea.
George, do you like your tea with
lots of sugar, or do you like it

not so sweet?
One spoon of~ sugar, please.
Moroccans like their tea very sweet.
This is excellent tea. I liked
everything and would like you to give
me the recipes when you have time.
Cerainyit would be a pleasure.
Anytim you like.


Moroccan Arabic
259
Uni
(M) - i wa y~adi nvm1 k tiliun .
(z)
liw asidi k=n ak'1cm ktir
c ala had lnsnasaba
(H) - bla 7-mi13 asi di. Nadi darkum .
( )- liltkum sac ida
(L)- ila 1:iqa' nsa'al:ahi . -
(H) - m~a s5: a1E
I T 11 phone you.
Thank~s for this nice occasion.
Don't mention it . Come anytimeo.
Good night.
Goodbye.
Goodbye.
Vocabulary
"y:b
rihas (f) / rway~i
hawl
rtb (in)
qil
1!2.f: a myzid
rbi' (in)
ms;US (mn)
m lqa / (f) / iealq
m~'umet
all right
scent, smell
to try
wet, humid
cotton
few, little
I can't eat anything else (can't add)

to be filled up with food
grass
lacking a nou t salt or gar'
spoon
knowledge, information
to cook
* *

Moroccan Arabic
260
Unit 17
M OOCC~ A r'abic 260 Unit 17
xvi I.5 Gatica1 Notes
1.qlil -bat
qlil bas psnmi
Ils -. i2im
2. inafy: a m .
1aY: a xdm !
m~af mya+ .il1ht:a 3i hala
Wafy: a ma3msi
$a Ina maymsi
very rarely
Very rarely do I go to the movies.
movies.
I can't (lit, there is not in me
that which)
I can't work:
I can't eat antbi-ng.
I can't go.
We can't go.
***
XVII. 6 Questions -'a'ils.
1.
2.
3.
5~.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
basi bdaw lea1 a hu? itukiaw minbed ?
s~kvm I s iawb 8 4a4a ?
kif dar 2xabz 1 aiii?

was lila ktiri 2l bz ans:uiq awl :a katqawbu f ?
was ur wmsi kiaw Wzya9
kau 'i% f nbded tlesw?
was em =am iaft n: enae anqbl"?
Wa" esbh s tay m'iribi ?
s m flbat mai nlila ?
kiT jabatba Lila ?
*r

Moroccan Arabic
X61
unit 17
XII .7 Proverbs (31. - 35)
tat (i) to obey
Tbn to pawn
It is better to obey azd s boss and to sell rather than to pawn.
(32) J.:i yxal t lhd: ad , ybrq hwayzu"
zal.t to associate with
Id: ad Cm) / -a blacksmith
hrq. to burn
Ckie is botmd to be hurt by bad company.
(33) rata amir , wawa aai r ,wsk tm radi ytsg3Ibm r
astir (in) / tma prince
sag Cu) to drive, operate
If~ all men were kings, no work would be done.
(3)4) zrdina bihin: , m ya bia
rda (a) to accept
bm (mn) / bmsm s huuin trouble, worry
In some instances, those who make 'allowances for others
hear their complaints.


Moroccani Arabic
262
Unit 17
(35) 1: i tkrh Wzhu fZ : , y4; r ;ik c_;iah £Tms~
wzh (at) / w '
znqcya (1') / "t ' ' 23
One is always bound to ran into
to bate
face
street
back of the neck
p nblic bath
people he doen't like.


Moroccan Arabic
263
unit 18
UITi. EIGHT
Mary and Lila
mary wlila
XVIILI A Phone Call - ft:ilifTun
(Kv)
(L)
(N)
(L)
(M)
au
- kunibNadi Sla a?
N adi ni
- 3h ari . f'annti dabs.?
=ia ff'fmsya hda dark .
Hello.
Who is it, madam?
This is Mary.
Where are you now?
I am at the drugstore near your
house.
What are you going to do when you
are through there?
Nothing.
Then come and let us have a cup of'
tea together If you have nothing to
do.
(L) - 2S m251 terali b? I . t±d 1 ?
(H)
(L)
0wlu
4D w wa 8aiiy7nibu atay ZMi"
ila mar'nd~k ma d; ian.


Moroccan Arabic
2 64
Unit 18
264 Unit ~8
(M) -Wsx:a a& 'radya nxlt vlik
ld: ar mdaba si q yn w: a tiata .
(L) iwa. hei kitsn :ak ba
Vocabulary
mant tmli
Nradi tiemli
xitL (pia)
All right. I'll come to your
place in ten or fifteen minutes.
113.1 wait for you at home.
you (Ps) are going to do
you (fs) Will do
to arrive (at)
* y X
XVI II.2 Gramtical Notes
1. mss= t1m
yadi trinl
you'll3wdo
you'll do...
The participle of the verb ma 'to go' can substituate for
di 'gong' to express the fugture:
psi nktb si bra .
rainktb si bra.
y a i a s m'a di t e l ha d 1 sy : a ?
a. Thi s is a co=, usefu .
examles:
Itll write a letter.
I'll3. write a letter.
'What are you going to do this
eveni ng?
Wht areyo going to do this
We wll go to the movies.

if you have nothing to do
st ZaituZ'C. other

doroccan Arabic
265
Unit 18
ma enddi maq'ri: . I have nothn to say.
mskin , ma t'ndu aan Poor fellow, he has nothing to eat.
b.,INotice dar (i and tdir -3 d : it. This assimilation
occurs when inflection /t-/ of second person (s. and p.)
and third person (fs) precedes a verb whose first radical
is /d/ or /a/0
dar (i) tdiru >d:inz
dab (u) , kad:ub
you (p) do
it (f) dissolves or melts
It also occurs in derived verb forms V, VI, VII.
dar b III tda2
dw x II tdw:
dq : I (biradical)
dgdg. I (qtadrilit.)
rb > d:arb VI
:x > d:w:x V
tdq: >d:Q:VI
tdgdg)d:gdgVI
f'rom now., within
to fight
to be made
dizzy
to be knocked
to be smashed
3. ui daba
'fadi nmvi m daba si sata .
b2ad s3. i adiyW: i yanm
daba i'amy
m daba if uq rardiE nsrb
atay f;:ba
I'll leave after (about) an hour.
This thing will be good in two

er&
From now on I w t t drink tea in
the morning.
* 3'e

Moroccan Arabic
266
7 nit 18
~oroccan AI'abiC 266 Unit 18
xv113 Questions - 's s'ila
3.
2.
3.
!.
fin kan t mai ?
snu qaltiha lila ?
fi as draya maxi tclj "la lila ?
-'Cr
XVI 11.4 Ma~ry Visits Il a -ziya.'t mzi Ilila
(L) - iwa s ba, ya :ab a.ziy.
gisi bnta hdaya . has by~iti atay
W1:a 1lq wa 7
(M4) - kazifd:1 atay rlawd:as
stay bn: Wnekey bni
(L) tfd:li. ha stay mzud .
xs di Ihlwa . had Thwa
sawbtba byd: i
(24) - had 8:i rf iv * blwa fi~a
q u1.li as= had Ibiwa ?
()-badi blwa Zmf'iby "a
s ba ksb 5Yzal0
Welcome, come, sit here by me.
tat would you like, tea or coffee?
I prefer tea because I like mint
tea.
Here, the tea is ready.
uske some cookies. I made them
myself.
Excellent. What do you call this?
This is a ibroccan dessert that
we call gazelle bor.


Moroccan Arabic
267
Unit 18
(M4) - had lkswa dyalk rzbtni bz : f
(L)- hada huwa lqf'lan lam'ribi
aziy mvaya Ilbit dn:'as . adi
flWT: ik hwayz fin 1: i v"ndi
(14) - byit ncrf' ki±'as l~bas
1m rribi.
(L,) - Sufi hadi thty: a katkUrl
t i~t lq ftan . whad~i df'ina ad ak -a w da ay
wadi xl: aba , whada sz'bi1
(1)- had 1:bas ha'il was had
t;12b 3a.tsawbuh flma'rrib ?
(L) - y:Tih , Qfldna =vend 1
flma'rib dyal t ub kim
ws~uf , W s :abra . bYi ti nwr: ik
l:Uqra wdfhb dyali?
(14) -y: ih , ulaat 'la zatrk .
(L,) - had 2xatm bdabli md fid
n d , h a 2 : al d a a J.wh ad d~ m al z h a d u sz'ith u nm
tanza 1"am I: i fat .* nd
I like your dress.
This is the Moroccan kaf tani. Come
with me to the bedroom. It ll show
you some other clothes I have.
I would like to know what
Moroccan clothes look like.
This is a transparent dress which we
wear under the kaf tan,: and this is a
long ata. This is a belt and this
is a shawl, and this is a djellaba,
and this is a pair of' shoes.
These are lovely clothes. Do you
make this kind of' material in

Morocco?
We have textile factories which
produce silk, cotton, linen, wool
and synthetic internals. Would you
like to see nysilver and gold.
(jewelry) ?
If' you don't mind.
This ring was given to me by Ahmed
on my birthday, and this necklace
is my mother's , and I bought those
bracelets in 2ngiers last year.


Moroccan Arabic
268
unit 18
hz a .: u chb Zl: Stu ±'ls.Y'ib
ma rn:2wb~a
(M) -had S: 'rAli bz :af
(L) ~ l - m w'riby: a dims. ndbha
~i ktir ml :bas wl±f.: a wd:hb
xwata ti l1:i f:.3mrrib vndhum tia ta
wl: a ;b~a d2 : at akt mffi
flWSlu lr: bat =m pus b'itkux
nti mbmad tmsiw mana. Si h
..S :U~ bas naxdu Si hway kims3"
had S:i dyak.
(L) - ~ili $ had s:3 mwi4
fs:uq . XS~fs. nm~iW 22 ina
-vime fr: bat Ws; a f as . Wadi
gm: i "lti kaysloinu f:as . wlad
cmi kayrrfu fay msy Si. humsa
ymsiw maana umbv'& tfriw
l: i b'ritu.
(M4)_ badi fk aaa .
(L) - d i mZdU bnt kbfr dz :rbi
f&: er lbida
(14)- quliiM aya kayin 1 wt
I have a gold belt which I left
in Morocco at my parents' house.
That is very expensive.
The Moroccan woman always has a
lot of gold and clothes., Mr sisters
who live in Morocco have three or four
times as much as 1 do.
1 hope that when we go to Rabat,
if possible, you and Ahmed can help
us buy some clothes like yours in

the market.
Sorry, but you can' t buy them at the
market. You have to go to the
medi na either in Rabat or in Fez .
I have myr (paternal) uncle and tr
(maternal) aunt in Fez. My (paternal)
cousins know Fez very well and can
help us bur what you want.
That is an excellent idea.
M(y grandfather has a big carpet shop
in Casablanca.
Tell me, where are good leather

workshops?

Moroccan Arabic
269
Unit 18
(L)- bitl ?s
Like what, for example?
(1)-bhai had S.21: irnd~k
fd~xla
(Li) had 5:1ra k X:ha zxuda
fi fas
(H) -was 2 yIm c~i nr
m1: myrib 2
(L) - yinzlk tsr .1:i b'iti.,3]Il:
n:UqZ'3aawl: a d~hb 3 yn m~zud .
wkyls:Wi dn:bas sfr wb
maus ' a iba bZ: Iw~mnk
tsri bz :of dh yz m.. U'in
= -,has nl-bas 5 f'&1i.rxi s
at fl r.2 rib . wmttb ed 3ayn2
dlM.da ruin bl.yd: , wksayn
l..i kay'eisu flmayrib kayb'riwhum
b * of '2um kayn mud z:rabi
±bil: l y'rib . wkimea qultlk ka~yo
mnus at zld kadalik bhal lbz am
ws kara 9 w: rbil , wlbl'ra
Like that piece you have in the
living room.
You can find afl that in Fez.
What else can I buy in Morocco?
You can buy whbatever you want.
everything is available. You can
buy silver or gold or copper or
brass trays with designs, and you can
buy a lot of things made of brass
iehich are really cheap. We also
have Moroccan blankets, cushions

and table covers, band-made and
embroidered and Moroccan couches.
Westerners whio live in Morocco like
them very anch. And of course we
have rugs everywhere in Morocco.
And, as I told you before, we have
leather work, like walets, hand bags,
and ladies' and men;'s slippers and
pocketbooks. All this is hade
and beautifully decorated by hand,
too.

Moroccan Arabic
270
'Unit 18
Ws: ak &1ryalat . 1021 : had
s:i sU'b blvd: fih nqs
()kan~skrk ktir '1a had mlmmt .
L) bla zmi1 amm. *a.iy naxdu
si kas datay ate.,
t l - : a ila ±at ?la zatric
(L) - t:li xdi atay
(H) -baraka 1:ahu ±ik .
Thank you very much for this
You're welcome, Mary, let's have
another cup of~ tea.
All right , if yowu wul 1
Here is the tea.
Thank you.
v ocabulary
yal "ab
km (T C) Iks/
qftan (a) / qf~ti
bit fl: as
Ibas solbs
tty:a (f) / -t
drina (f) / dfayn
aa (f) I -t nm
Zl:aba (f) / ileib
srbil (m) / srabl
lei us go, let's
dres
kaftan
bedroom
clothn
transparent nylon dress won ider
the kaftan
a kaftan type of~ dress
belt (cloth)
heavy shawl
d jellaba
ladies shoes

Moroccan Arabic
271
Unit 18
ha~il (m)
tub (in) / twab
mana. (mn) / maai l
brir
fa
sabra
c id milad
boa
d i )dbli (m) / dba1Z
xbin i
xalti
zd; i
fkra (f) / afka?
nhas sfr
nh as bw
bt:any: a (f) / -t
md:a (f) / ocad
Ihifa /lh2ay
in~0luf
excellent
material
factory
silk
linen
wool
artificial silk
birthday
my mother
my father
bracelet
bracelet
my paternal uncle
my maternal uncle
my maternal aunt
my grandfather
idea
manufacturing, production, trade
to engrave
brass
copper
blanket
cushion
cover
it is possible for me
long narrow mattress shaped like a couch
certil, of course

Moroccan Arabic
272
Uni t 18
m~iuV~as
nq s (in) / n2qu~
bztam (m) / bzatm
.. "
Sk a a (f~) / Skate'
bly'a (f) / bla~yi
srb il (i) / srabl
products
decoration
wallet
bag (with shoulder strap, used by men)
North African slippers
we ma s emroider ed si.:ers
* * w
XVI I I . 5Grauatical Notes
1. Notice the f'ollowing variants :
mrribi m3.ribi l 1rribi
2.* lbit dn:sas
bit n :tas
lbit dyal n as
3. l:i
I W I d 1 : 1 za s n a g b mhd s : i s i n d a i
1 - - isip terms
aid
'ab: / ~b'
walia
'U n/ vonahaat
iwalid dyali
Morocco
Moroccan
.bedroom
bedroom
bedroom
who, which, that (m,f,p)
The boy who came is called ,Ahmed.
That thing yout bought is excellent.
The ladies who bad lunch with us
left.
father
father
mother
mother
my father
my father

Moroccan Arabic
273
Unit 18
1alida dyali
_~ OI m2.
:"wa~idin
z d: / Z~did
zd:i
~d: ti
023 / wlad
wld / wlad
wi di / wiadi
bnt / at
bnti / bnati
~3: /IX:zit
xay xya /i:ti
quxt / .ta~t
'uzti / zwtati
hbibi
'am / t
em: a / -t
gymti / 'a;nati
u.l / iwal
Ma.i/zwl
Scala / -t
~.lti / malati
my mother
my mother
parents
grandfather
grandmother
my grandfather
my grandmother
son
son
my son
daughter
my daughter
brother
my brother
sister
my sister
my uncle
paternal uncle
my paternal uncle
paternal aunt
my paternal aunt
maternal uncle
my maternal uncle
maternal aunt
my maternal aunt

Moroccan Arabic
274
Unit l8
In em.i / wlad em:i
wid em.i / wlad vmi
bnt e ri / bnat em:i
wid em:ti / wlad em:ti
bnt em:ti / bnat im:ti
wld wld vm:i
ont wid em i
wid ent am.i
wld wid em:4ti
bnt but em:ti
wid but em-ti
wid wid ali
bnt wld mali
bnt wid zalti
bnat but zalti
bnt emn: b: a
my cousin (fa br so)
my cousin (fa br so)
my cousin (fa br da)
my cousin (fa si so)
my cousin (fa si da)
second cousin (son of my paternal
uncle's son)
second cousin (daughter of my
paternal uncle's son)
uncle?'s daughter)
aunt's son)
second cousin (daughter of my paternal
aunt's daughter)

aunt's daughter)
second cousin (son of my maternal
uncle's son)
maternal uncle's son)
second cousin (daughter of my maternal
aunt's son)
second cousins (daughters of my
maternal aunt's daughter)
father's paternal uncle)


Moroccan Arabic
275
Unit 18
wid em: ?>:a
wld zalna
wid 3al b': a
bnt zalb >:a
wld zalt :i
ranl
ra.li
raha
mati
mgatuIr
second cousin (son of my father'ts
paternal uncle)
second cousin (son of my father's
maternal uncle)
second cousin (daughter of my father' s
maternal uncle)
second cousin (son of my mother' s
maternal aunt)
man (husband)
my husband
her husband
woman (wife)
my wife
his wife
in-law
in-law
my in-law
my in-law
in-laws
my in-laws
my in-laws
brother-in-law (wife's brother)

son of my wife's paternal uncle
(my wife's cousin)
sister-in-law (my husband's sister)
father-in-'law (my wife's father)
nsib (m)
nsiba (f )
nsibi (a)
usibti (f)
nsab (p) / -at
nsabi (up)
nsabati (fp)
zn rati
wld rya: mati
'art raili
lwalid dlara dyali

Moroccan Arabic
276
Unit 18
iwal ida dl.r~a dya li
qrib C m) / grab
qriba (f) / grabat
lahi 'ab2.
'ah l lc'a
"ah I.r:azl
ra'i a (f) / -f
my mother-in-law (my wife ' s mother)
relative
family (of )
the family (of)
in-laws (the wie =s family)
in-laws (the husband's family)
family
***
XVI II. 6 Questions - 'as'ila
1. wgnu b'rat Mri t ib ? stay wl :a 1qha ? 'la s
2e asmi t llva1id sawbatha lila ?
3. qua. ma ik m hum be $ 'some't ksawi d1eyalat 1i fiiudin flw rib ?
40. was kayna wamm1 dt:ub flwrrib ?
5. 1kuns1i hda luata Ilila? fuqai?
6. wai lma lm 'riby sa kay n mud , bz sf ddhb ? bbal s ?
7. in kayerci n :as d sbb f lm ib9
8. kit asi ray Lila t'auziMasi wiuribasi yiiw Ili bw m:i 7ykun
flwrcrib ?
9. Vag kayn m uast du sbas tlm rib ? b al as ?
3.0. asi kysswbu at z:1d flmlrrib ?
7c w

Moroccan Arabic
277
unit 18
XVI II. 7 Mary visits L ila (P art 2) - yat mars Ilila
(M) ra 1i g8l~i sm~ bays,:a
s'ndhum lmte1l mat
lmyiby: at kulhum kayrfu
ytbL , mond: fu d: ar. , wkadaaik
kayqablu d:rari s:?ar Wkaytsw:qu
wkaycmlu kim: had d7: a .
(M) _ itiq
(Lmda fy iwk 'n ia dalii
yzdmz ma a ailat 1'guip :aMwy:at
wmzbtd radi ttlaqay me aba
*wtkriha wtemli' mcaha
tam.
(M) - vas had latl : t izs-hula
zoa nds:i1n. a s:. 'awl: a
kayskim ea'a iladysihum ?
Do you have any other questions?
M~y husband told me that most
of the Moroccan families have
housekeepers .
0f course, you can look for a young
girl to help you. All Moroccan
housekeepers know how to cook and
c lean the house and take care of the
kids and do all sorts of things.
Is t~hat so ?
In Rabat you can go to the police
station and they have addresses of~
housekeepers wiho work with
iaropean families. And you meet
some of them and choose one and
discus the salary.

Do the housekeepers sleep in or
do they live with their families?


278
Moroccan Arabic
Unit iS
kaymlcmhum ys3~iu mm a ain d.: ar.
(M) - iwa ShSlI, x ni brt 1: i tbga
may£f: ar , 'elawd: as t ndi u
diwlad s~ar , whad 3=d: a 1:i
yadi nbq fit ib ,'radi
asu tir . wsa =ra b'it
(L)- ila kant fldk mttl: m , nti
lf'fur fq:bad
lmaTiby: a 3ayftra zyan .
kayty:bu fs~bah r; ayf
a w l:a s: rxz , wibid watery
awl; a 1q wa . iwa wbed
1: iymlb tsawb biba l'd
* wta vbt&d katu : i ld.:ar,
ktbd: f d:ar kal:ha . fl,-,wl
ksatsawb bytta: vas , wwtbtd bit
d:y78 , wmb bit 3 m , wlhm:am ,
wl ks3 mna , wmbmd katvm1 s: ab
If' they are not from Rabat, they
live in.
I would like one that lives in because
I have two little children and
I would like to get out during our
stay in Morocco. Also, I want
to learn how to cook Moroccan food.
If you have a housekeeper, you are
not going to have to do wnting. She
prepares breakfast. Moroccans eat
very good breakfasts.
,Tey eat pancakes or doghus
and eggs, and drink tea or coffee.
Then the housekeeper shops for lunch

and dinner, and comes home to
clean the house. First she cleans
the bedrooms, then the living room,
the toilet, the bathroom, and the
kitchen. Then she washes the clothes.


Moroccan Arabic
279
Unit 18
lma'ribi, awl : a l'urizp: awi
kadalik ?
(L) - m1um bju .um , myribi.
w7Uru1P:aw1 .walyndxs:k
wflt S2 302l1: yn .
(L ) - hadi r:b'a wns: daba ..
(M) -iwa l:ay : ik . nthafa ~bd .
(L) - iwa m'ra s: 5lSma
D o housakeepers know how to cook
W asternl food as well as 1Mbroccan
food?
Yes, both Moroccan and Western
cooking. However, you have to tell
her what you want her to cook for
lumch and dinner every day.
What time is it, please?
It is 4:30 now.
Goodbye, I'll see you later.
Goodbye.
V o cabnlary
ql~b
nd4f
bulls
bulisi (1'a) / bulls
Iqa (a)
t o look for, turn over, check, en
to clean
Is that so?
police
police
policeman
to meet
las
tlaqa ( na)
xz (kay}
to meet
to meet (with)
to go out

Moroccan Arabic
280
Unit 18
SW~q
sfnYza (f) / -t sn
bit d:yaf
m am (m) / -at
ass: ina ()/-t
mizina (f) / -t
sabtm
~in2 S abim
sb:fl
tsawT
to shop
doughnut
shopping, errand
salon, living room
bathroom
k.itchen
kitchen
soap
to wash clothes
to wash clothes
to see one another, meet
***
xVI II. 8 Questions - 'a'ils
1.
2.
3.
6.
7.
was lmt"1:met lm ?riby:at kay fu fyybti?
s kaydirx 1mt1smt m 'rrt :yab (t cookizig') ?
vas brat marl1mt'c1:m tgls m'aba f j:s wl: a tskcm m a 1"a'ila
dysib ? eas
as kayaklu 1~a'ba flf ?
as ksaydfri lmt'1 :mt mU bed iinyz iv 1s :tiq
Ua 31t('1: t kyfy tbti rl'ak2. 3.myTibi vafi ?
'C**

Moroccan Arabic
281
Unit 18
|oocnArbc21|nt~
XVIII. 9 Proverbs (36 40)
(36) 2:n bed lrka b , shba
erk to fight, to treat roughly
ra () / -t a fight
saba snaba friendship
Friendships are often strengthened after a misunderstanding.
(37) huta nza , katzn:Z Wa ri .
maz to stink
Panz smelly (bad )
=;z to cause to stink
ri (m) / -yat a large saddle bag used on beasts
of burden for hauling
one rotten fish spoils the whole basket.
(38) sam ht;a rya , wftr ela Erada .
sam (u) to fast
Orada (f) / Erad grasshopper
This proverb is said about people who refrain from a particular
activity for a period of time and then, upon resumtion of the
activity, show poor choice or taste in what they do.


282
Moroccan Arabic
t 18
282 Unit i8
(3 ) e g t i A a me t 0 i to fall
ass : tto rob
mks: t (mn) a&miless
This proverb is said about a person who seeks the help of' another
helpless person.
(40) sbQ sways' , W: Zq daye
sta (f') / snayr'
dat' (i)
rzc (m)/rzaq
day" (i)
He is a jack of' all trades but
of' them.
craft, job
to grant (by God)
to be lost
earned compensations bounty
lost
gets no real profit from an~y


Moroccan Arabic
283
UnIt 19
George and Mary Arrive in Morocco
XIX. 1 At the Airport in Sale "finaaala
(H) - abln wasbln zurz . kif
kaf s: afar ?
(i). S: of r kmn hail . t:yara
wslat fliqt
(H) - : ah yawd: i * had V:Wa78,1
air maruk dims kaywslu
IlwcitWdie kayqi: cu
fluqgt kadalik.
(L) -mxi, fayn uftu ? fbariz
awl1:a fim dr ?
(H) -wfna fbariz. , bqina
tm a yuuyn3
(L) - kiT .atk bariz 9
(14) - bariz mdina ha'ila,waakin
ku1:ii 'yali Thariz.
Hello, George. How was your trip?
Excellent. The plane arrived
on time.
Sure. Royal Air Maroc always lands
on time and takes off on time.
Mary, where did you stop? In Paris
or in London?
We stopped in Paris ±for two days.
How did you like Paris?
Well, Paris is an excellent city,
but everything is expensive theme.


Moroccan Am bic
284
Unit 19
Moroccan Ambic 284 flnit 19
(L) - m'ak Lhq: . aa wra1i
fbariz hadi t a yn
zbrna taksyat ' alin, WI: 'aki
yali 7 WS : ua 1: =7b a
fwahd Ibit syir' , fih
rirweaif ih ma smm
WTIf: a k522 : U aif Wm:a
msa w' sri.n frank fs hr.
iwa ezia camayn bhai had.
walayn: i tkz'fsmna bz ; f
(M) atafqa m'ak . ]bayat
fbrzsX:ha fins ktirza .
m'hat, tzbri ma a: a1 y=a,
walakizi 'adi ytqam elik
yali bz: af
(K) -yal:ah ., tfd~lu . ha
s.-: arm dya2.i ta a.
t ) -.fin 'radin ninsiw daba?
(H) - 'ndi 1d:ar bas ntvs: w
dyalna , wmbQ 'dyi
You are right. When my husband
and I lived in Paris two years
ago, we found that taxicabs and
food were expensive., We found it
ipossible to rent a decent place at
a reasonable price. We used to live
in a small room with one small
window and no hot water. We paid
1125 francs a month. We lived like
that for two years. Paris is a
great city, but we had a real hard
time.o
I agree with you. Life in Paris
requires a lot of money. It is
possible to find a nice place to
live but it will cost you a lot.
Come, my car is over there.
Wihere are we headiung now?
To my Place. We'll eat and I=ll
introduce you to our families, and
then I'll take you to see the house


Moroccan Arabic
285
Unit 19
Yir baa qribs. flagdal.
( Z) - as bad d: ar be 'ida
that I rented for you in Agdal.
It is not far from here.
Is this house far from the
University?
No, the house is in the ca=ixs area.
(H) - la , d: a; Ada
fy: 1z a i ! i
(Z) - bati flk'a =yaa
Vocabulary
safar
q1~
wqif
=a k ibq:
su~ra
spa (m)
tkrf s
ial
tqam fila)
sy:m a(f) / -t
That is a good idea.
travellin, trip
to take off
to stand up, stop
you are right
dwelling
impossible
hot
to pay
to botch up, to maltreat
to be messed up
I doubt it, I don't think so
(expresses doubt as to some action)
to cost
car
quarter, section of towln
*' x *

Moroccan Arabic
286
tit 19
XIX.2 Gra tical Notes
kunt kds fwahd z2kbira
k~zx kay i lhadim fs: bah
b3k'i
2. miha1
we used to live, we lived
I used to live in a big house.
He used to come here early every
morning.
I doubt it, I don'It think so
imossible
Are theretextl ac: __re L
Mrocco?
wlrribky j ?ft I'M
I: ah ySWd:1 ,= y- h kayn asidli. Certainly, yes si.r, there are.
was ~yn m~anir d~1kiran
flarib ?
m1b&m tbl. sm
dyal s; pmt s:f1'
f1z rib, alakin ul~mthal
hal had s
ml:muhal .
Are there bus factories in
Morocco?
It is possible, aybe.
I dou~bt it, I don't think so.
Impossible.
Maybe it is possible to find auto-
mobile factories that produce
small cars in Morocco, but it is
impossible to find bus factories
there.
You're kidding.
That is impossible.

Moroccan Arabic
287
unit 19
3. T
Tir bus qrib
drstsTir d: ari~a 1i'~iby: a
m dst yir d: ari~a laf iby :a
w s d:arcdalhind by ids
la , 'rir lhna qriba i l i 3 'P ;P
1:a yXl:ik .
"ntdi 'rir ;bcba dd:riabm .
ma tni Tir rbsa dd: 'abin.
ma ai'r hbad
except , but , only., just t'isolating
not far from here 'azti cl e
I studied only M oroccan A z'abic .
I studied only M oroccan A rabic.
Is Ahmed' s house far from here?
No, not far from here .
(ladle) Give me just a i ttle bit
I have just (only) fm=Dur nizhams .
I have just (only) four Di rhains.
He only gave me this thing
** *
XIX. 3 Questions - 'as'ila
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
sla li tsnsa 22 Wv ma f 8 a; s aaq

Was :ya w91at flwqgt ?
as alek f; wayal air iaak ?
fayn wqgf zuz wai ?
kif zbua bariz ?
kife avasind wlila fbat'iz ?
fiyt d: ahuin bnn btd =Inu m :y: aa?
fayni]myna ;I: n : i kraba azr! ?
fayn kayn 3Im: laRmisif;:f bat
r *r

Moroccan Arabic
288
Unit 19
~oroccan Arabic 288 Unit 19
XIX. L . With Abmed and Lia;s Family in Rabat
zM~a 1eaila dimd wijia f:bal
(Z) - Zubida, Lila' s mother, /zubida/
(B) - Bel Arbi , Lila' s father, /bl varabi/
(A) - Aisbha, Lila's sister, /risa/
(Z) - mrhba bi~i "ndia . Lila Welcome. Lila talk~ed quite a bit
tkl :mtli bZ:&f! elik nti about you and George to me.
(B) - iwa , =hba bik]izm asidi
"ndrna. tf d: lu l c a
mnzud .
fayn kats]kiu fi amcirika?
(M) - aa a ait f sikag ,
wl' aiila dya Li k iilha
katak r fiagi. walak n
s .t d.: irasa dyali k l:ha
fm: igan . tmL:a tiaqit m a
Bari . ~adzrkaziskixu fditra
(A)- q it flrt afy~a r
l.'amiriky: a bayl:a diut
ditrwa miina kbira , ufiba
bZ:aof dlms z ie ds~y arat
Welcome. Come in. Dinner is
ready.
excuse me, Mary, where do you live
in America?
I was born in Chicago, and my
famly lives in QCcago. But I
went to school in 16.chigan where I
met George. At the present tie
we live in Detroit.
I studied in American geography
that Detroit is a big city and that

it has many automobile factories.


Moroccan Arabic
289
Unit 19
(M)- y; i . mcak 1hiq
(A)- kat : a flmustqbal tkun
end w S.41. bas nmsi
!10Zra f'aaam.r2.ky: a.
(z)
-kayn 'nd a f 'anarbr
(A) bfit !drs 1: u t ki ma
+?iglizy:a Wl =sany: a
W ?lmaY: a kadalik .
(Z) - 1:ah yaWd: i , 'fadi tksani
satda w a rask tma
kaYd12 l2i bayl : aa amivat m : igen
ah1S a n ait a fl'alai kla31:u
ftdz'is l;uyat
(B) had *50i ha'i . nti
a3i sakattrfi i isy
dX: gliza
(A) - y: ih . l1t aanf'l: isi.
(H) h ad Zimda 1: i a bna
fr: bat, aria kayxs:
You are right.
I hope in the future to have a
f'ellowship to study in an American
university.
In Ann Arbor, Michigan, we have an
excellent University.
What do you want to study, A i sha?
I would like to study lnuge s such
as English, Spanish and German.
Well, in that case, you will be very
happy. I think that the University
of Michigan is the best university

in the world in the field of~ teaching
(forein) languages.
That is excellent . A.sha, you know
some E&glish.
I studied Tiglish for two years at
the 1ycee (high school).
During my stay here in Rabat I
would li ke to improve ny colloquial
Moroccan. I have an idea; I'll.


Moroccan Arabic
290
Unit 19
mzyen . wfna ari , n
n 'tik dxus bini'gliziya , ivnti
~aw!21ni bd. axrza 1m'riby a,
wi2.a kn 2ndk 1w~t , r
.if as nqi a wnktb l t araby :a
lfu a , '1awd :as"drst rir
dam: ari~a lme'yriby: a .
(Z) .iwa , hadi. fka =nyana a 'isa .
Thad 1vutla
(A) - wax a , bkil faa4 , ama
mStatdc:a.
(M)- bqay tti rndi cd: ar 3al : nha
" .
mbt d lWda wxm~ It
(A) - -.;a alal~a .
help you with iglish and you help
me with M4oroccan Arabic, and if' you
have time, teach me to read and write
Classical Arabic, because I only
studied colloquial Moroccan.
That is an excellent idea, A{ sha..
NOW that i t i s r rcati Oil you
have nothing to do.
Well, l am ready.
Come to my place everyday after
lunch and we'll work together.
41.1 right.
You'll. learn kglish very well
in these three months because Ma.ry
was an 3aglish teacher four years
ago.
Last year' Aisba taught Moroccan

Arabic to the wife of the American
ambassador who now speaks very
(z)
- frad t: it br ds: if
dhrli'radya tt"1;m.
igliza ~ya n mdak 5:i
bati rbt aim.
(Z) - iisa kadalik itam Imadi


Moroccan Arabic
291
Unit 19
wlbad~r hla kathdr bd: arizfa
1mariby: a asyan i dak s: i
rfir, bh:al lmfarba.
..
zawbthaba bS ft: ilium
nudha bhlq kif si !aTiby:a .
(L) .mat s:ofit 11'amiriki had~i
ti.t sin whiya katris hna
Limayrib . katb'yi lmyrib
bz; o~f hla wralha . l'usbuv
lme.zi nsa'al : ah yadym t mu
strabtu inca askwn±fdarkm,
'radi nrti isi b±fla wmbrd 'rdi
nqd: i~nllons: of it l'atiriki
uimtu; nas ty:bsin bz :of .
uibsd wadi ttlaqa inca
3 aZirky:in xrin., wknt: S w
had lmd a dyalk= ui za flzr 'ib ,
tkm sac ida ktfr
n~a'al: ah .
good Moroccan Arabic, exactly like
a Moroccan.
You're right, mother. When I talked
to her over the phone yesterday, she
sounded exactly like a Moroccan.
The ambassador's wife has been living
here for three years. Both she and
her husband like Morocco very muich.
Next week iwhen you've settled doiwn,
I'll1 give a party and introduce the
Ambassador and his wife to you.
They are excellent people.

You will also meet some Moroccans,
Europeans and other Americans. We
hope you will have a nice time here
in Morocco.
Vocabulary
zlq
s ~lQ(m) / ma nzit'
to create, to be born
to be born
factor?

Moroccan Arabic
292
unit 19
i a (f)l/ -t
scd
sac d (in)
bqay ttiy
Zawb
b 3q
stms
hfla (f) / -t "bfar i
ty~b (in)
schotarship
to be happy
happy
to help
vacation
keep coming (f )
to answer
voice, throat
to repose, relax
party
nice, gentle, good (f'or people), ok
r* x
XIX. 5 Grautc alNotes
3. Conjugation of the verbs x ='to be born' and 22j ' tto be born't
a2S Ito be born
(to create)'
xlqt
xlqti
xlq
xlqat
a_ ,' to be born '
xlaqit
xlaqiti
xlaq
xlaqat
S was born
You (s) were born
he was born
she was born
we were born
you (p) were born
they were born
xqna
zcqtu
xlqu
xlqa
xlaqitu
zlaq Z

Moroccan Arabic
293
Unit 19
2. rfi"
Si Z'±i1
n imiru wehd
m dak s: 1 T:fi'
lkzwa dyalba rfi.ca
srat k s i jt
had 1'a.kl nimir wsahd
had d:ar hadi bha'i2.a.
sra vwalid ksva lmatu
mdak s: r~fit
3 . hadi e'amayn T
~u±to badi t'aayn
hadi pamyn asftu
curt bariz bad. ema
hadi eamayn bs zurt
bariz
d3.saraby: a hadi 'bt si n
li la ham, zb anin whiya
katqr: i lraraby: a
lila hadi =be sain uhiya
excellent
excellent
excellent (Al)
excellent
excellent
Her dress is excellent.
She bought an excellent dress.
This is excellent food.
This house is excellent.
He bought an excellent dress for
his wile.
ro years ago, for two years

I saw him, two years ago
I haven't seen him for two years .
I visited Paris two years ago.
It was two years ago that I
visited Paris.
Lila was a teacher of Arabic four
years ago.
LAIla has been a teacher of Arabic
for four years.
Lila has been a teacher of Arabic
for four years.
r *r

Moroccan Arabic
294
Unit 19
Morocc~i Arabic 294 Unit 19
XIX.6 Questions - 'as'ila
1. fayn zadt (>zatt) m$ri ? 'zad' to be born
2. fayn katskum 1 ea'i1a dya2.ha ?
3. fayn q'at maz'i?
1j. i ayn tiaqat max incra urz ?
5. sou q'Tat visafz:u tafy:a v la idint ditwa ?
7. as kat'~f cia zami tat mi s :i gn 1-i kayna f'anabr ?
9. as qta; at Main elca visa ? (ta4 "to suggest't)
10. a 4=;Mari q;:at" n: giiza ?
11. kifas t1: ma~t at c: a±ir 1'amiriki d: ariza 1mayTiby: a ?
12. vas at J#;afir 1a Erik kathd; d: ariia z a
23. as yadi d: it lila ai: i zuri uni ystar1 u fc abnm i: dida ?
XIX.7 After Dinner - nbcd icia
() qU:i asi b mc}, vas ndm
bna i isa'id varaby: a ?
(H) - w: ala Mr akaputiana'id
myiby: a bh:a2al laainm,1:i
huwa shut isrida WVriby:a ,
irkayn kadalik zana'id mry:a
bal 3ha4w 1:ibhiya isnida
f a f: rq l'awsat.
Abimed, do you have Arabic newspapers
here in Morocco?
Yes, first. there are Moroccan papers
like the A1.'Alam which is the
best Mroccan paper and there are
also Egyptian papers suach as Al-
Abram which is a well-known paper
in the Middle East.


Moroccan Arabic
295
.Unit 19
( ) -m=a ni sm' t b1t'aam . bad..
'aw; ala Z=-0a ,walakin qri t
I 'abram ktir f£'mirika
qu.1:i a bsn arida Iralam
awl: a 1'ahram ?
(H) - kif kiT . fnadari I9abX'ai
Zarida. qdima wkat'I:q
'la 1'a=bar z.,ariz . lealam
zarida daxci2y: a muhiia .
(Z) -vws kaynin si Zara'i d
7~p.:5wY;1fi?
(H)- y:ih , kayn liumd zaz'ida
fransawy3 a , arida duwaly: a
wkayn nl : yLyUZk taymz
wayn sdalik Zara'id
RB'Triby: a bl:U (a lfralSY: a
kima 1ptimrukan wiupiyun
(Z) y: ih , a ahen 1ptimeua
awl,a Iunyym ?
(H)- bhal bhaa
I have never heard of Al-Alan. I
read Al-Ahram in the U. s.A . Which
is better, Al.-Alain, or Al-Abram?
Same thing. I think Al-Abram is a
well established newspaper and deals
with international news whereas AAl -ate
is an unimportant local newspaper.
Are there any European papers?
Yes, you can find the French paper
"La M nde " which is an international
paper. We also have the "New York
Times" . We have Moroccan papers

published in French such as "LE
Petit Marocain" and "Lt Opinion".~
Which is better, "L Petit ) rocai n"
or "L' opinion"?
Same thing .
Are there any bookstores here in Iabat
that sefll iglish and Arabic books?2
(Z)
-R wa kyn i makatib 1: i
sndbnm katub bn; gliza
wlearaby: a bna fr:bat ?


Moroccan Arabic
296
Unit 19
(H) -l1] tub 3i il: ha m1'uda bna
bn: gliza , wl~aaby:a,
Tlf'Sflsy; a , W19al7a: a
w1 'acpany :a ,.wt :a : xsy: a
wlgriky:a , wlbtizy: a.
iwa kul: Si = Ltud . hads: i
300 :u yad~i t2gah fisari" inzbm: d
2xamj s.
(M) - brina nsriw si 5Y: r
gyp: awy : a sy'ira
(B)- iwa sad : y: arat bnz
bz :of . 27~n tfdna mmu1dysal
fyat , sy ara syira , wzy a .
bz :aof dlm'a iba kayst'mlu
had Ifyat ha
(H ) -h t: a sim ka yan a W = s an r u b a f m yr i sa
fd: aribida
. . .
(B) kaml lmtinsiw si nbar
msa hd Id: ar bida huwa
endu bz :af dl'apdiqa tma
l: i yznmlzm ye'awnuku, ila
byita triw si ay: ara zdida,
awl: a balya .
You'll find all sorts of book~s in
English, German, Spanish and even in
Russian, Greek and ?ortuguese. You'll
find all this in bookstores on
Mhaaed V Avenue.
We would like to buy a small
European car.
Cars are available here. We have

a Fiat Motor Factory. Fiat is a
nice small car. A lot of Moroccans
have Fiats.
Sim ca is also good. It is made
here in Morocco, 3zu Casablanca.
You can go to Casablanca one of these
days with Abmed. He has a lot of
friends there who would help you if
you decide to buy a new or used car.


Moroccan Arabic
297
Unit 19
(Z) -b~alak 1: a 2 .gqik asi b3; '3abj
kan ruk vela bad 1I lsaesda
pia 5 X 1w :na nsifu bad
d:ar Z: dida . vas had. d:ar
tefr: sal~: a is?
(H) -.a d:as hiya idida , walakin
Thank you very Mach f'or all this
help. Ahmed, could you please
give us a ride to that new house?
By the way, is it ±'arnished or
un±'urnished?
It is a new, wu±rnishe house.
Here we don't rent f'urnished
5ky ~ iWs d: ycj~' fr : sizi houses, because everyone ftiznishes
VlIawd: a~s k i: wahd kayfr: s his5 ownplace as he likes. You
~.: 5z dyau fd:uq 1: a *u will stay here with us tis week
Y" din tbqaw m aa b a f'aw:1 and then well3 go together to the
'ibu 9wmbedd .w mit medina (downtown market) and you
lla ina wtxtaau lhwayy l: i can choose whatever you want so that
britu , wtf;T: iu kumt kim b'itu. you can fin'nish the house.
( ) - v:2a asi di. ad n :a dar maya
yal: ah xxsz1ftl d:ar dab..
(H) a 3Xa.ea radi ni ia1
S-.Y; ac-6, vtaqalgm qud: am
d: ar nta wmri
(M) - Lila niti wa-tk aziw maa
nsufu d: ar
(L) - : a bli1; f arab
All right. That is a good idea.
Let's go and see the house now.
All right. I:1l go get the car
and meet you and M ary in front of'

the hoes e.
Lila, you and your' sister come
with us to see the houise.
All right.
(Z} 7S1:ahLesgo
Let" s go.

Moroccan Arabic
29 8
Unit 19
Vocabulary
ki±f kif~
b b2.hal
nr
-aril i (mn)
dax i (mn)
tiwl i (in)
luy'a (j)/ -t
Th a (±) / -t
dari~a (f') / -t
d: aria lmayriby: a
l carc by: a
lfrssy: a 1±ar3Ziy: a
ngliza 1igzya
1l any: a
1Iaspny:a s: blyuny: a
r~usy:a
3.b rt qizy: a
lgriky; a
sadiq (in) / 'asdiqa
msatada (f) / -t
sra (i)
xtar
the same, alike
the same, alike
to see, to think, to look~ at
idea
inside, interior, local
outside
inside
international
language
dialect
dialect
Moroccan Arabic
Arabic langusae3
French lnuge
B&30 ish glanguage
German language
Spanish language
Ruissian lngae
Portuaguese lngae
Greek lamiguage
to manufa cture
to be manufactured
friend
to allow, permit
facilities (help)
to rent
to choose
to cause to go out, extract, graduate

Moroccan Arabic
299
unit 19
XIX.8 Grammtical Notes
kif kif
the same
the same
was t:qs fr:bat asi
d: ar Ibida 2
la, ki±'kif.
la , bhai bhal
1.zara'id 3 a:hum baa
bhal bbal.
bad 2kswa dyalk bhalha
ba2.dli.
t:umbil z: dida dyalk
wdlIwaid dya li , kiT i
Is the weather in Rabat better
that that of Casabl.anca?
loo, it is the same.
No, it is the same.
All newspapers here are alike.
Your suit is exactly like mine .
Your car and my father: s are alie.
** *
XIX. 9 Qestioas - 'a'ils
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
Vas kayn 'ii im'tid ta~abys a fim'vrib ?
a~s kat fu 'la zaridat lealam ? vl'bam ?
alp 1:1 a149M aridat 1'ab amW1is a I'im ?
Vas kaynizi ii .az'&id ' uauydisfn fltib b1aIas ?

ws kayonSi iaa&"id m'rribys a bifantsy a ? asmithum ?
wa uidi ktub bl su at lgainaby: a fimrrib ? a minwrayt?
Vas iuz ibra yi sy: axa kbira?
am huwa flsU' d:y:arat 1 si nmiudin f1m'rzib ?


Moroccan Arabic
300
unit 19
9. fayn kaytpn'u S:y: aat ?
10. fayn b'raw ym iw mu bed ?
11. was 4:2aT dyal u m ?: sa as ?
12. fayn 'radi ygls ur wwzai s:inaa la:w; 2.a?
XIX. 10 Proverbs (41- 45)
(41.) wr: inahum s: Gaya , sbqima ld: yur lkbar .
Wr: a to show
se'a (a) to beg
sc aya (f) begging
sati(in)/ ~beggar
I taught him my trade and now he competes with me.
(42) kaysrc mea s:lr: q , Wybki mn~a mwa1in d: 5r
This proverb is said about one who pretends to be ignorant of the
wrong deed he comitted.
(43) hbl trbh , wskr tim r:&a'y
hbl to lose ones mind
hbil Cm) I/libal fool
rbh to profit, gain
ski to drink (wine), get drumk
Im~r to collect, gather
rag'y (m) /I7 ara idea
Pretend to be crazy and you will profit, pretend to be drnk


Moroccan Arabic
301
unit 19
8z.-ar (in) / _a butcher
Dentist' s children's teeth are often rotten.
hira (ft) / hir stone, rock
One normal disregards misdeeds of~ one's dear friends.
*1* ~YE YE

Moroccan Arabic
302
Unit 20
UNIT TWENTY
XX .1 George' s New Hose- .: : dida dyal EWE'
(H)l , N adi hb.a; 3-l-i
wqul:L kifas nark .
C~ - had lby~t ryanW bas
Wbdd:-X15 aa btni bz: ai
qu: i asi bnd , skim huwa u
had d: ar , Was huwa ma ibi
aalI:a ump.-awi9
(H) - l~a , m=labz = ribi , si
bl;: S: h ,?821 ta r."bad
1h2 k i1:ha dyalu . had
lbrpnusi, 'ustad t:aria l'islami
9. .0
hamaid~ustad isri, m za.cat
lqiabira, wdaba hu wa hua fr:bat
This the house that I rented for
you. Look at it and tell me what
you think.
The rooms are big and nice. And
the foyer is very nice.* Who is
the landlord? Is he Moroccan or
&iropean?
No, he is a Moroccan. His name is
Mr. 3ellmeddah. He is a merchat.
He owns all this sectiom'. Your
neighbor to the right is Professor
Sarnausi, Professor of Islamic
History at the University, in Rabat,
To the left, your neighbor is
Dr. Eamid, an Egyptian professor from
biro University who has been here for


Moroccan Arabic
303
Unit 20
hadi tam . wkayd :sfikxl: yat
lhuu
(H) - was had d:ar badi fiha laa
s fl?
(L) - a , walay: i ym Ml m
bas ysawbllan butagaz
kayn uahalat ktir hna fr: bat
l: i kaysawbu dak s:
(H) - etbed . Xl: ina nfd-.iw had
lqady~a bsda . dasaya: ah
flzsiW end Si bl: md;Sah ,bas
txl; su ±l1ra wmab~d d: akI
mwah 's1a Iisa'il dyal dar
(L) Il: i tf&d:iw had 1'asal, adi
radi yyiw ysawbuli bad l.'sb %
Ibitagaz baza sabla.,'radyin
nmsiw mw'a bnd f s:y: ara m.Zib12ha
(Z) -w :a . yal: ah nazi.end
sibl:ad:ah
a year. He teaches at the Law
School.
Is there hot water in this house?
No, but you can call someone who
can install a gas heater for you.
There are a lot of places here in
Rabat that specialize in that.
Wait. let us settle this tt'
first . Let us go to Mr. Bel lme ddah
and pay the rent and discuss all the
arnement s with him.
When you are through with all this,
we can call the telephone company and

they will install a phone for you
this week. The problem of butane
gas is an easy one. We will go with
Ahmned and take the coutainer in the
car with us.
O.K. Let' s go and see Mr. Bellmedda.


Moroccan Arabic
304
Unit 20
Vocabulary
nadar
taz.r (in) / tu : ar
butagaz (ft) / -at
1y
5; ra1
lysr
fd:a (i)
bsda
d :akr (<c tdakr)
suy1 (mn) I asya1
9idara (f) / -t
XX. 2 Grammatical Notes
view, idea
rich man, merchant
to call
butane gas, butane gas ray ge
the right (side)
the left (side)
the left (side)
to finish
rent
first, 1now
to discuss
business, work
administration
1. id
hadi hiya
dar 1:i kri tlkum .
who , which, that (relative)
his is the house which I rented
~or you (p).

This is the boy who sells newspapers.
his is the girl who sells newspapers.
hada huwa Iwid
lZa'id.
hadi hiya lnt
lara -id .
1: i kaybie
1: i katbitb
hadu hums Iwlad 1: i kaybitou
1 ara'id
These are the boys who sell
newspapers.

Moroccan Arabic
305
Unit 20
1 adu hunma lbnat 1: i kaybicu
1zasa'id .
bada buwa lktab 1: i
hadu bhums lhwyz 1: i
vtai
Nadu hum ktub 1: j
'sndi .
2. Vl~y 1
dur el: ymi
car '1s :mat
B:5X 1:i. "1:yln huwa
l'ustad b d
aid fhad s: ari" bd: at, yadi
tiqa lanka el s:Bal
3. bgda
ali btda
qulli btda
These are the girls who sell
newspapers.
This is the house which I rented
~'or' you (p)"
This is the book which I talked
to you about.
These are the clothes that
they gave me.
These are the books that I have.
to (on) the right
to (on) the left
ernT±rights
Turn left:
The neighbor who lives on the right
(side) is Professor Abined.

Continue on this street and you'll
find the bank on the left side of
the street.
first, now
come (here) now!
say! hey say!


Moroccan Arabic
306
tit 20
XX.3 Qestions 'as'ila
1. Was c:3 z 1: i Ik'a ad lzurZ m zya aW1:s.la ?
2. s~kun hmsf: ir an dyal zurz ?.
3, W 4 :5T fibs i3m sm ?
1i.. kifas ~ai zurz ydir bas ykun rndu 1m . sm=?
XX. 4 George and the landlord zu= Uni1 : S
(3M) - Mr. Bellmeddah, the landlord, /bl :md :ah/
(H) - i b3: md: a mslziz asidi.
as zbaskum, ? si bi : id: ah,hada
Si urzws: Y: da ratu bu
fl:as l i 3k'itlhum d: ar dylk .
Si b1;~.: ah tJQ.:;m inahum bd: ariza
lmy'ribY: a2, 8Z.m y ~d: arik
(3M) shinh? s: fin asi
zur mu'hba bikim endna . it
t~srbu si ha~a ?
()-la, bas a3hi fik manda
luwqt daba . nhb a r
. "
na l9: ah.
Good a±'ternoou, Mr. 3ellmeddah.
This is George and his wife ,
the new tenants. Talk to them in
Moroccan Arabic . They speak it
very well.
Is that so? Welcome, George.
1what would you like to drink?
7banks, we do not have time now.
Some other time.


Moroccan Arabic
307
Unit 20
(3M) - labd: na tsrbu si ha~a
(H) - : a . boina Si atay
ila mud.
kid' iatk d: ar asi izuri ?
(~) da mzanwalakin m'ti
aay t di baa(3M) -usia qriba hadi as a
lunm byat '?
(M)- byit bynt 11: 'as yukuziu
r : s ,wby~it lks3 mna wd: Xla
wit .m *2bm am si sba'ra tm i
vls in . bkiil farad
(Z) -sam iasi b1: m: ah ,a
byiti n3:sk dabs ? flVI1:k s:k: ?
..
(3M) -ia, Ia, zayd naqs . innbed .
(1 W Z~ :8ybnk: asidi(3) -b la . .
You muzst drink something.
We'll drink tea if you have it
ready.
It's ready. Have a seat. How do
you like the house, George?
It's very nice, but my wife doesn't
like the colors.
That is an easy matter. What
colors does she want?
I want the bedrooms to be grey and
the kitchen, the foyer, the toilet
and the bathroom painted white..
All right, Madam, with great
pleasure.
Would you like me to pay now?
shall I write you a check?

No, it doesn't matter. Do it later.
Goodbye.
Goodbye.
***
(Z) -.bad 5;Y: d 'a ty:b bZ: af
tad
This is a very nice man.


Moroccan Arabic
308
Unit 20
(H) - ai#q kbir .k ~'r±zuh hadi
m d twitla . huva wiwalid
inakaytf a. qus
He is an old friend. We have knxown
him for a long time., A very good
friend of' my father. They are alw'ays
together.
Vocabulary
sbamya
lun / aiwan
rmai (in)
b..a r : asw1 v in
Bk.- ' ik (m) / -at
zayd ncs
twi2. m)
tfa~q
paint
color
grey (here: 'off Chite't)
withgreat pleasure
check
it does not matter mach
tall
to seareTate, be separated
xx. 5 G !'amtical N Otes
Parts of the % man Bock
ram (i) / ys
asr (M)
vin (f) / (iruin
barb (a) / hwdb
sfr (a) / afar
ifn (a) / ifan

head
hair
brain
eyebrow
eyelash
eyelid
foreheadl

Moroccan Arabic
309
Unit 20
~roccan Arabic 309 Unit 20
niIf (m) / nyuf
wdn (f~) / wdniin
Barb Cm) / ~ab
f±m: (in) / fwi
lsai (mn) / 1stm
sla'rm (Mp)
S: a (f') / saa
'rsa (f') / ars
nose
nose
ear
lip
mouth
tongue
moustache
tooth
backtooth (molar)
biab (m) / nyab
drst 1'ql C(f)
xd: (m) /zdud
hnk Cm) /ba
i'k: (m) / fkak
wih (m) / vuh
dqn (m) /dqm
lq Cmn) / bluq
tild Cm)
q:rzuta C(f)
"nq Cm) / 'nuq
qi'a Cm) / mvat
qgba (f) / -t rq ab
ktf Cm) ktai
dr" ^-drat (Cm) / dx"'an

bat (m) / bitsn
m'fq (f') /Irai'q
teta(m) /m Warm
canne tooth
wisdom tooth
cheek
jaw
lower jaw
face
chin
throat (internal )
skin
lrnAria t s apple
neck
back of~ the neck, nape
back of the neck, nape
shoulder
arm
armpit
elbow

Moroccan Arabic31
310
Unit 20
yd: mo d: (f) / yd: in id: in
Ib lyd: Cm)
kI~a (f') / -t
sbe Cm) / sb'an
df'r (in) / dfaz,
sd~r (in) / sur
bz :ula Cf) / bzazl
3934a (f) / 4uQs
00nzb Cm) / inab
dbr(m) /dcbnr
str: a (f) / -t
qlb Cm) I qiub
riy: a (f) / -t
furad (mp)
kbda C?) / -t wkbad
i Ca m) / ma
kiwa (f) / kiawi
sra ayAda (f?)
'dmn Cm) / tdam
dm.-Cm)
trq Cm) / "riaq
=1l (f)/ *±r
fxd (in) /w
rtka(f) / rIabi
gba (f) / --t
sag (m) / sign
hand
the back of the hand
palm
finger, toe
fingernail
chest
breast (for females)

stomach
rib
side
back
umbilical cord, navel
heart
lungs
viscera
liver (also a term of affection)
intestine
kidney
appendix
boe
blood
vein
leg or foot
tbig
lsiee
shin
calf of the leg
calf of the leg
Kx

Moroccan Arabic
unit 20
311
MooeC~ Arabic U~±t 20 311
Learn the f ollowing:
di':
to give pain
kMardAinjkrs
kmysir:ni 'asj
I have a stomach ache.
I have a head ache.
* * *
XX. 6 Questions- 'as'ila
I.
2.
3.
I;.
5.
6.
7.
bas hdaml 4: SrtealUZl '
as kbui tndaimzi Wzu ilnd ?
si uq a l z u r l a r ba 'a d a ?
sit k Z3S~Wb dyal =1 4 : a;"?
kites d1~ ad si bl :ad: a ?
IX George and Many Buy Now F uz&itte - iutzkaysri fs a t j
(C) - Caddour the shopouner, /qd :rn
(C) - in pai daba?
(H) - aJ' dyin nlu Ilinua
bas zisiw lfrasat .
Where are we going now?
We are going to the mddina to
bythe furnitur'e
0., let's go.


Moroccan Arabic
312
T-Inl t 20
(H) -hanta ,Lt fha lfrasat xa
(M) -ml, azi kfIi bad 1;baf 1
drli ila zyan
(M) y :ih ayan *. iwa , xs :na
flcdu had l:ba f whadf s:lyat
brbv'a , e1lad: as kay4:atiw 1:haf
(2) -a~i ti fi had lfras . 'kif
Zak ?
(H) -hbad 1fr'a ha'il , zy
(Z)- si bnd , fin mul Izaal ?
(H) - a ndc 'las txn:m Vaia .
uibt d nl: bu elih
(Z) - as: na had l1.da hadi ld: yaf
bs;2yat dyalha
(14) h adi f£a myata .
(Z).si bndwBaas kayn cndu Arabi
baa ?
(H) - kmicrf mhal 8hS!n bz~af 'ndhum
z abi si ktir . radi tti
Itma mbtd.
(Z)- iwa , fibad? ad s;j 1:i b'rina
bsaa . '7:tflS tia m1 Ianzt
Here is the furniture. Choose what
you want.
Mary, come and see this sofa.
It looks nice.
It 's nice. Let 's take it along with
these four matching chairs,
Come and look at this bed. How
do you like it?
It :s excellent.
Where is the ownier of the shop ?

Do't worry. First of all, choose
iuhat you want and then we.ll find
him.
We ouit to bazy this dining table
and the chairs.
That ts a good idea.
Does he have rugs here?
I miaow a better place, that basaa
whole lot of rags. We'll go the!re
later.
Mfat's all I need now. all the
owner of the shopt please.


Moroccan Arabic
313
U nit 20
(H) - aii asi qd:ur . o~ut
I-bad s~yd hat hsbti %,lih
Thad s :i
(C) -had s:3 k1:u asid~i 1aytrcam
1tlh bsbem: a wsin drhm .
( L) -..ak tf d: asidi . has:k
dyal. s; bd: a sin drhm .
(C) -baraka 1;ahu ±'ik
(H) - Was ]atvrT si wahd l: i
v=ndu si ka yes Y a abas
flrh: .u bad ~?
(C) sbzrsbr . ha wahd s: y:d
bna hdazia .*m "nd-laxm las tbqaw
bna . vtiwini 1Lnwan dyalkam
..
Id:2r
(H) ha l'rnwan sasidi tf d:l
(L) -bs~laa
(C) -bs: aa
Vocabulary
uzi
brb'sa
grata
Mr. Caddoizc , come here, please.
Tel). him how much this is.
All this will cost 750 dirhams.
Here is a check for 750 dirhams.
Thanks.
Do you know someone who has a
tralck to help us move those things?
Wat, my neighbor is a mover. You
can go. Just give me the address

and he will take everything to your
place.
Here is the address.
Goodbye.
Goodbye.
to descend
the four of~ ... (them)
to match, suit

Moroccan Arabic
314
Unit 20
ql:b
mida (f=) / "'t nadi
dif (in) / y7afw *yf ;chi.?a (f) /
" ~ifat
hsb
ka~tm (n at
rh:l
sbr
to think
you have nothing to worry about
place
to look for, eiainine
dining table
guest
to count, calculate
truick
to move
to wait, to be patient
** *
XX. 8 Gzamtical Notes
1. hanta ha inta
ha ana .
ha ta .
ha iti
ha huwa .
ha hiya .
ha bna .
ha iat.
ba hum
here you (uis) are
Here I am.
Here you (ms) are.

Here you (fs) are.
Here he is.
Here she is.
Here we are.
Here you (P) are.
Here they are.
(Presetational in rticle ha neadn esa rom.
ha ama yadi l3: a Baba .
ha aa Tdi n~i ;a dba. (here) I am going to go home now.


Moroccan Arabic
315
Unit 20
hanta zid!
ha hus. aw 't
habna kml:na k ml-. S1
2. brbva
msina Irna btl.ata 1in]kas
lbarh .
Zaw i'ndi bZLu
'radi nm vi buhd~i
,di yzd=i bsbia
3. maudk...
and1aum slas tbqaw a.
mtnd~k qs tx-m .
watndu slas 711 lba .daba .
I!.. hak
hak .
hami.
bakum hake .
bak if lus aside.
(here you are) faie
Here they come!~
Here we are through with this
thing.
the four of them
We went, the three of us, to
Meknes yesterday.
They came to my place, the two
of them.
I am going to go all by myself .
Th~ey are going to work, all seven
of them.
you need not..
You (p) need not stay here.

I have no reason to go to Fez .
You (as) have nothing to worry
about.
He need not come here now,
here you (as) are.
Here youa (ma) are.
Here you (±s) are.
Here you (p) are.
Here is the money, sir.


Noroccan Arabic
316
unit 20
bakc ,hanta u fs
haki , ha lflus .
hakai ha lius.
haku ha ntmsa , =adu iflus
Here you (ins) are, take the money.
Here you (es) are, here's the money.
Here you (p) are, here is the money.
Here you (p) are, take the money.
w' * ^
1X.9 Questions- &9l
1.fanmsaw bas yiriw lf seat ..=r ?
2. a sx afu , wa u tbb12m, wag =law?
3. was aw; :'abi ma end si qd; ? els?
5. kif as T s I Z= 1f'amat dyau 3.4z a?
xw*
X. 10 Torist Attractions In Rabat -aiskaybriw S:W :S) ~u f :ba
{Z) -flbadz mnda a u n1u.
(H) -yal: ah iW sal: a , t
Wbat would you like to do now, George?
Nothing in par'ticular ri g t now.
Well then, let's go to Qiella, a
lhal tarixi .w'adi 7T- b- bZ: af * historic place. You'll like it very
had lmbal bada 1: i y~adi nsifai, mch.*This place wihich we till
a a1 gdim . kaziu ba wh ;:m9Y: in .visit is an old place, built by the
fi bm: am ruai , wfih va~d Itin, Romans. Thiere is a Doman bath and
mibed kayn ta: a waihd 1ksnm a spring. There is also a Emn
dyal T: , wkayn f ia byut Court of Law and other ancient rooms.
zriu qdem bz:Sf .* n1: 1'denaib All foreigners like to visit this place
$yiw yuru bad 1U\~S1. dims It is always crowded. Tomorrow we'll3.
Omar n: s . Yr:a nsa'l: ah go to the QidaiasS' asbab; you'll


Moroccan Arabic
317
Unit 20
nmsiw ll3ud aya yyadi t mibk
bz :of iha atarat tarixy: a ,
kayhdu bz : f m1:;Zdma dyalThum
Thad Zz: Wya.
(~ waz: a hadi fkra zyan a
(It - abmd = sbr x1: ifla ht: a
lflbSZ s: bt nsacl: ah ? dak
lwqt hums ykumu salaw had s:
10 usiVbe d lmsiw itur hs:1n
'Yadi y qvbk bz :aof a mzri *s umcat
bas :an b inaya qdima , talya
bZ: aof ±Tha si zmsin mitt itly?
wThyu dyall mbnyd n b l
wIf1rrd dyalha tiata dlmtr , wfiba
1?uq 'yadi tbalk ala I' :ha
': bat
(M) - S: a " daba yal: ah nmsiw
(H) = exa . y3a
like it very Honch. It has
hirstoric remains and all Moroccan
artists donate many of their works
to it.
T~at' s a good idea.
Ahmed, let 's go to Ha ssan' s Tower
on Saturday w'hen they are all
settled. You'll like it, Mary.
It is an old building about 50
meters high. It's built of~ stones
and the walls are about three meters
wide. From the top of~ the tower,
there is an excellent view. You
will see all of~ Sale and Rabat.

All right. Let' s go to Qiella first.
All right.
Vocabulary
"m
tbmn
to give a bathl
to take a bath
bath

Moroccan Arabic
318
U-nlt 20
sin (mn) / y
amnabi (mn) / aziib
atar (m) / -t
fn: an (in) / -a fn: ain
zawya (f) / -t
saea (i)
~uin'a /
binaya (f) / -t
2it (mn) / hyait
srid (mn)
mnd (mn) / nad menadir
bn (a)
spring
foreigner
ruins, historical monument, trace
artist
smiln mosque, religious center
to finish, end
tower
building
width
height
wall
wide
view, sight
to appear
***
XX.1 1.Gramtioa2. Notes
1. SratCses with Nueas
~les:
ahe t+8(s) def.
N (ms) indef. + cie (mn

H(fs) indef. + One(t)
ani (an) + Modifier
~e(±) + Modifier
Two + 1(p) Lndef.
wahd lwld
wahd lbnt
wid wahd.
but ubda
wahd syir
. " .
wuhda sira
0 0 *
one girl, a girl
one boy
one girl
a small one (m)
a small one (t)
two boys (girls)
zQZ lad (binat)

Moroccan Arabic
319
Unit 20
Note: In the following examples whenever /d/ is used, it mist be
followed by' a definite aorta.
Two + /d-./ + N(p) def'. u diwlad (dlbniat)
Two + Moifier (indef.) l bar
Tbree *Ten
+ /d-/ + N (p )de± .
tiata dl.wlad
v fra dlbnat
two boys (girls)
two big ones
three boys
ten girls
11 ... ..19/ -#
flull2 form + N(s) indef.
hdas1lpaid eleven boys
rbK' ta~r bat fourteen girls
11 ..f... 19
apocopated + /d/ + N (p) def.
h;Jai dlirlad eleven boys
;b'ia's dlbnat fourteen girls
20 .....* 99
+ IN (s) index.
r Srin wid
rbtawls t:in bt
twenty boys
Sizty-four girls
20 000*00 99
+ /d/ + N(p )def.
tenin dlbnt
twety boys
eighty girls
100 (Constrnct) + li(s) indef.0
my:at wid
my~a widone hundred boys


Moroccan Arabic
320
Unit 20
100 + /d-/! + N (p) def . a :a dlwlad one hundred boys
1000 + N (s) indef. all wid one thousand boys
1000 + /d./! + N (p) def . alif diwlad one thousand boys
2. Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentences with lila/ t'if (possible, probably) and /kimf,
/ua/ , and /w n/ ' if (imossible, contrary to fact)'.
1. ila rtani 2±2as , 'radi nmsi nsri 13uuibil
If he gives me money, I1'11 buy the car.
If it rains, I will not go to the movies.
If you want to go, just tall me.
If you have a sick child, you should call a doctor.
5. ila kn cndi iflus , w : ahi manbqa bna q yndim gana .
If I had money, f would not stay here for more than ten minutes.
6. wa a , 1= ani mlit.
Had he come, I would have left.
7. wa kan tml: i t~ilifun , kant mit tndu.
Had ha phoned me, I would have gone to his place.
8.* wkarz knn:a umina bkri , kuna tlaqgina Utah tor:a
Had we left early, we would have met him there.
9. lukim kcan Ia bb i , k had sI:i gas =m .a
Had he come early, this would not have happened.


Moroccan Arabic
321
Ujt 20
10. ku n kant mat lbu.i s , kanu "awnu ha bz:aof
Had she gone to the polioces they would have helped her a lot.
22. lukan kkumt sftu , ken t itu lbw.a
If I had seen him, I Would have given him the letter.
:c
XX.12 Questions- 'as 'ila
2. fin kayna ludaya ? akin. fiba '
3. w~fl1naymat I~B: an
XX.13 Proverbs (46 - 50)
(46) l.fluka bla rays t' rq
.Mq to sink, to drown
rays w' aais t(m/ray: as . wu'a sa chief., boss
Every job needs a responsible person in charge.
(7) kil: zr kayyib ky al .
Sr to sow
S hard wheat
ky:lI to measur'e (wheat)
ky: al.(mn) / .a one who measures out grains
Everythlxig, no matter what its quality is, will find someone who
needsw it.

Moroccan Arabic
322
Unit 20
(8) 1: i ytbt kiam n : as may~br fayn yr'm1 dyalu
tbe to follow
klam what is said
Vznl to make, to do
Don't be affected by other's$ opinioins . Form your own and follow
them. (Stick to your gum .)
flus money
Moey talks.
(50) lmca bla bya , bba.1 t: tan bla. miba .
bya modesty, shness, decency
ta (i) food
The mw t inportant tb,,ing about a to is modesty.


PART FOUR
APPENDIX A
VERB TABLES

324
APPENDIX A
VERB TABLES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Introduction
Form I Sound
Form II Sound
Form III Sound
Form V Sound
Form VI Sound
Form VII Sound
Form VIII Sound
Form X Sound
Quadriliteral
Form I Medial Wt
Form I Medial W
Form I Medial W
Form I Final We4
Form I Final We:
Form I Final We
,'
,'

325
APPENDIX A
Introduction
Appendix A consists of twenty-four Verb Tables representing all verb
forms and structures (Sound, Weak, Doubled, etc.). Forms IV and IX are
not included since they are rare in occurrence and regular in conjugation,
i.e. like any other Sound Form (III or X for example). The Perfect (or
past) tense forms are listed first, followed by Imperfect forms with the
Frequentative Particle /ka-/ (for some speakers: ta- - da-). The
Imperative forms follow the Imperfect forms. The forms used in this
Appendix are the same forms used throughout the book.
The participles are inflected for gender and number. Transitive (tr.)
Form I Verbs have an Active (AP) and a Passive (PP) participle.
Intransitive Form I verbs have AP's only. Forms II - X have one participle
that may function both as AP and as PP if the verb is transitive, and as
AP if the verb is intransitive. The AP can be translated as "one who..."
thus serving as an "actor", e.g. /ktb/ 'to write' , /katb/ 'writer, one
who writes' . The PP is the same as in English, e.g. /ktb/ 'to write' ,
/mktub/ 'written'.
The Verbal Noun has the same translation as the English gerund, e.g.
/ktb/ 'to write' /ktaba/ 'writing' ; /sam/ 'to fast' /syam/ 'fasting'.

326
Table 1
Form I Sound
ktb 'to write' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt i
h uwa
hiya
as5550
nt uma
h uma
Perfect
kt bt
ktbti
ktbt I
kt b
ktbat
ktbt u
kt b u
Imperfect
ka nkt b
katktb
katktbi
kayktb
kat kt b
kanktbi
katktbu
kayktbu
fs
kat be
mkt uba
Imperative
kt b
ktb i
ktb u
Participles ms
Active : katb
Passive; mktub
Verbal Noun* k itaba
*Other Verbal Nouns
patterns :
mp
kat b in
miktubin
fp
kat bat-
naktutbat
of Form I Sound are formed on the following
Ys I
dxl
Ihsb
'to.
' to
' to
' to
hit'I
Wash'
enter'
.count'
dr b
rsi I
cixul
hsab
'hitting'
'washing'
=entering T
'counting.,, arithmetic T
*** *** ***

327
Table 2
Form II Sound
bd:I 'to change' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt
h uwa
h iya
hna
n t umia
h umna
Perfect
bd: lIt
bd:Iti
bd: tt
bd: I
bd :l at
bd lna
bd: itu
bd: Iu
Imperfect
kanbd: I
kat bd : I
katbd: I
kaybd: 1
katbd: I
kanbd :I u
katbd:I u
kaybd: I u
fs
mnbd : I a
Imperative
bd:1
bd:I I
bd:l u
MP
mbd: I in
Participles as
mnbd: I
fp
mbd: Iat
Verbal Noun t b d il ..t b dal
* ** ** * ***

328
Table 3
Form III Sound
samt2 'to forgive someone' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt i
huwa
hiya
nt uma
huma
Perfect
samnht
samht i
sarnht
samIh
sarnIhat
samht U
samIhu
Imperfect
kansamh
katsamh
kat samh
ka ysanI
katsamh~
katsamntu
kaysamIhu
fs
pnsamla
Imperative
samh
sanhi
samhu
Participles ms
msamil
mp
msamh i n
fp
msamhat
Verbal Noun* msamtha_ musamalha
*Other Verbal Noun patterns for
Form III Sound are here listed:
ca nq
sa f
said
crd
'to
'to
' to
' to
hug'
travel '
help'
compete with'
mn anqa
safar
rnusacada
ti naci
Tnad
' huggingt
'helping'
'competing'
*** *** ***

329
Table 4
Form V Sound
tSI :m 'to learn' (tr.)
a na
nt a
at
puma
hiya
hna
nt umna
h uma
Perfect
tSi :rt
t'rI :rnt
tci :mti
"TI:m
t~I :mat
t~! :mna
tci :ntu
t~i :mu
Imperfect
kantci :mn
kat tt1 :m
katt S l :m i
kayt 'ii:m
kattci :r
kayt c'Il:mu
fs
Imperative
t'ii:m
tci :mi
tci :mu
MP
Participles ms
rnttI:m
fp
mtSi :ma
mtTI :min mtcl :mat
Verbal Noun
Form V Sound has no
the corresponding Form
/ S I: m/ 'to teach'
/ti fl /
Verbal
II are
II and
(VN of
Noun of its own. Verbal Nouns of
used instead, e. g.
/ftfI :m/ 'to learn' V
II and V)
*** *** ***

330
Table 5
Form VI Sound
tfahm 'to understand each other' (intr.)
ana
nta
nt I
huva
hiya
nt uma
huma
Perfect
tfahmt
tfahmti
tfahmt i
tfahm
t fahmat
t fahnna
tfahmtu
tfahmu
Imperfect
kant fahm
kat tfa hm
katt fahm i
katfahmn
katt fahm
ka n1 f4a!rn
katt fahmu
kayt fahmu
Imperative
tfahmn
tfahmni
t fa hmu
Participles ms
mut fahm
Verb al Noun
Form VI Sound has
of the corresponding
/canq/ 'to hug'
Np
fp
mntfahwua
mtfahni n mtfahmat
no Verbal Noun of its own. The Verbal Noun
Form III is used instead, e. g.
III and /t canq/ 'to hug one another' VI
/m ~anqa/ 'hugging' (VN of III and VI)
*** *** ***


331
Table 6
Form VII Sound
tdrb 'to be beatenh= (tr.)
ana
nta
nt I
h uwa
hiya
hna
nt urna
huma
Perfect
tdrbt
t dbt
t drbt
t db
t dr-bat
tdrbna
tdrbtu
tdrbu
Imperfect
kant drb
kattdrbi
kattdrbi
kaytdrb
kattdrb
kant drbu
kattdrbu
kaytdrbu
Imperat ive**
( .katdrbi)
(>ktdrbi)
(>kat :drb)
( kat : drb u)
Participles
No Participles for
Form VII Verbs. Since Form VII is the
passive of Form I ; the passive participles of Form I are used
instead, e.g.
ms
mdrub
fs
mndruba
mp
mrub in
fp
fndrubat
Verbal Noun
Form VII has no Verbal Noun of its own. The Verbal Noun of the
corresponding Form I is used instead,e.g.
/drb/ 'to beat I /tdrb/ 'to be beaten' VII
/drb/ 'beating, hitting' (VN of I and VII)
*Notice the variant forms /t:drbf/ and / nd b / for some speakers.
**Does not exist for this verb. Theoretically / t db , t b i
tdrbu/
*** *** ***

332
Table 7
From VIII Sound
hta rm 'to respect' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt
huwa
h iya
h na
ntuma
huma
Perfect
htarmnt
htarmt i
htarmt
ht a rm
ht a rmat
2t a rmna
Itarmtu
ht a rmu
Imperfect
kanhtarm
kat t a rm
kathtarmi
kayih tarm
katlhtarm
ka n h a rmu
kat Itarmu
kayhtarmu
Imperative
h t arm
h tarmi
tht a rmu
Participles ms
mhtarm
Verbal Noun ht iram
fs
mhtarma
mp fp
mhtarm i n rhtarmat
*** *** ***


333
Table 8
Form X Sound
stcrnI 'to use' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt
huwa
hiya
nt urna
h uma
Perfect
stS~mit
st"&rnI t i
st~'mlti
st cm I
st cm Iat
stcmnI na
sticmttu
stcmlIu
Imerect
kanst rnI
katst~ml
katstcmlnl
kat st cm l
katst~rnI
kanstimI u
kat st cm lu
ka ys tcm l u
Imperative
st smn
st~m i
st cmI u
Participles ms
ms t rmI
Verbal Noun st i maIl

lap
fp
mnst Vm la
rst cm Iin mst rm lat
*** *** ***


Table 9
Quadriliteral Verb
trimn 'to translate' (tr.)
ana
.n t a
nt i
huwa
h lye
hn
nt uma
h urna
Perfect
t rmt
t rzmt i
trzmnt i
t zm
t rimat
t rmna
t rmt u
r zmu
Imperfect
ka nt rim
ka tt rzr
katt -ri
kayt zm
katt rzrn
ka nt rimu
katt rmu
kayt rimu
fs
mt rma
Imertive
trim!
t rimu
mt rzm 1n
Participles ias
mtrzm
fp
mt rimnat
Verbal Noun t rama
N.B. Reduplicatives (e. g. /z *z 'to drag') are conjugated same
as quadriliterals .
pattern as those of
Their participles are also formed on the same
the quadriliterals, e. g.
fS nip fp
mrzr mnrzra mzrzri n mat
Verbal Noun mostly on the pattern It zrzi r/ (%dz r i r)

*** *** ***

335
Table 10
Form I Medial Weak
x af (a) 'to be afraid' (intr.)
a na
nt a
nt
h uwa
hiya
h na
nt umna
h uma
Perfect
xft
xft i
xft
xaf
xa ft
xf na
xftu
xafu
Imperfect
ka nxa f
katxaf
katxaf i
kayxaf
katxaf
kanxafu
katxafu
kayxaf u
fs
xayfa
Imperative
xa f
xaf
xafu
zap
xayf in
Participles ms
Active: xayf
Verbal-Noun x uf
fp
xay fat
*** *** ***


336
Table 11
Form I Medial Weak
baT (i) 'to sell' (tr.)
ana
nt a
h uwa
h iya
nt uma
puma
Perfect
b 'Vt i
ba V~
ba £t
b~tu
ba V~u
Imperfect
kanb i
kat b i c
katbi~i
kayb i c
kat b i S
kanb iu
katbi cu
kayb i u
fs
Imperative
bic
bi~i
bicu
mp
bayfin
mbyu~i n
Participles ms
Active: bays
Passive: mbyu'S
Verbal Noun biS
bay Ta
mbyuca
fp
bay ~at
mbyuScat
*** *** ***


337
Table 12
Form I Medial Weak
sam 'to fast' (intr.)
ana
nt a
nt i
huwa
hiya
lhna
nt umna
h uma
Perfect
s urt
sumti
sumt
sam
saint
sumna
sumt u
samu
Imperfect
kansurn
kat sum
katsuii
kaysurn
kat sum
ka ns umu
katsumu
ka ysumu
fs
sayma
Imperative
sum
sumi
suinu
Participles ms
Active: saym
MiP
sayin
fp
saymat
Verbal Noun syam -su
*** *** ***


338
Table 13
Form I Final Weak
bda (a) 'to begin' (tr~.)
a na
nt a
nt I
h uwa
hiya
n t urna
h uma
Perfect
bd it
bditi
b d 1t i
b da
bdat
h r4 T
bditu
bd aw
Impez'fect
kanbda
katbda
katb day
kaybda
katbda
6 -%1 v a8i:
katbdaw
kaybdaw
fs
badya
mbdy:a
Imperative
bda
bday
bdaw
Participles ms
Active: badi
Passive: mbd i
Verbal Noun b idaya
MP
bady in
mbdy: it
fp
ba ytmbdy :at
*** *** ***


339
Table 14
Form I Final Weak
Tta (i) 'to give' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt i
huwa
hiya
nt ura
hurna
Perfect
St* i t
Stit i
Sii
Si a
'ii at
Tt ina
ti t u
t aw
Imperfect
kancti
katcti
kat st ?y
kaycti
katSti
kan~t iw
ka t 't iw
kayc'ti w
fs
Imperat ive
TSi
Si* l y
Ti w
nip
catyin
rnit y: i n
Participles ms
Active: Kati
Passive: m't i
Verbal Noun Sti
Satya
mcity a
fp
Satyat
m~t y at
*** *** ***


34 0
Table 15
Form I Final Weak
xda ( -u) 'to take' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nt i
huwa
hiya
h na
nt ura
h u ma
Perfect
xdit
xdit i
xditi
xda
xdat
xdina
xditu
xdaw
Imperfect
ka naxu d
kataxud
kataxdi
kayaxud
kat axud
ka naxd u
kataxdu
kayaxdu
fs
xayda
waxdia
ruxuda
Imperative
xud
xud
xudu
mp
xayd i n
waxd i In
muxu d i n
Participles m~s
fp
Active:
xa yd
-waxdi
xaydat
waxciat
muxudat
Passive: muxud
Verbal Noun ?axd - wx id (rare)
*** *** ***

341
Table 16
Doubled Verbs
1b: 'to like, love' (tr.)
anaL
nta
h uwa
h iya
I na
nt uma
huma
Perfect
Wa:it
1b: i t i
1b:it I
12b:
thb:at
1b: i na
1b: i tou
thb:u
Imperfect
kanhb :
katlhb:
kat 2b :
kaynhb:
kathb :
kanhl~2b : u
kat2b :u
kay 12b U
Imperative
hb:
hb:i
12b u
Participles* fms
Passive: rn1bub
Verbal Noumn1tub:
*Not commonly used AP
40ab:
MP
1p
rn1bubat
m12buba
m12bub i n
12ab : a
hab:i n
hab :at
*** *** ***


34 2
Table 17
Doubled Verbs
dg: (-u-.) 'to knock' (tr. and intr.)
ana
it a
nt
huwa
hiya
Ihna
nt ura
huma
Perfect
diq: i t
dq: it i
dq: it i
dq:
dq:at
dq: ma
dq: itu
dq:u
Imperfect
kanduq:
katduq:
( >kad:uq:)
katduq: i
(>kad:uq: i)
kayduq:
katduq:
(>kad:uq:)
kanduq u
katduq:u
(>kad:uq:u)
kayduq: u
fs
Imperative
duq:
duq :
duq:u
mp
daq: in
mdquqin
Participles ms
Active: daq:
Passive: mdquq*
daq:a
rdquqa
fp
daq :at
mndquqat
Verbal Noun d q: .d uq: d q:a n
*cruhed, grounded
*** *** ***

343
Table 18
Biradical Weak Verb
za 'to come' (intr.)
ania
nta
nt
Perfect
zit
ziti
ZI Li
h uwa
hiya
h na
nt umna
Imperfect
kanz
kat i
(>kadz.1)
katzi y
(,>kadziy)
kayz i
katzi
(>kad i )
kan i w
katziw
C(3ka d ziw)
kay i w
fs
mazya
zay:a
Imperative
aziy
mnazyin
ray: in
z na
zitu
huma a
Participles ms
Active mazi
iy:
Verbal Noun mz i
fp
mazyat
zay:at
*** ** * ***

344
Table 19
Biradical Weak Verb
d:a 'to take along' (tr.)
ana
nt a
nti
huwa
hiya
h na
nt uma
h uma
Perfect
d: it
d: iti
d: iti
d :a
d :at
d: i na
d: itu
d aw
Imperfect
kand :
katd: i
katd: ly
kayd:
katd: i
kand: 1w
katd: 1w
kayd: 1w
fEs
Imperative
d:i
d: iy
d: 1w
lap
md:y: in
Patciples ms
Active: md:i
md :y:at
and "y "
Verbal Noun
It was not possible to elicit Verbal Noun for
did it occur on the field taped materials .
this verb, nor
*** *** ***


345
Table 20
Form II Final Weak
Sn : a 'to sing' (tr. and intr.)
a na
nt a
ntit
h uwa
hiya
hna
nt urna
h uma
Perfect
sri: it
sri: it i
Yri: iti
Yri:a
xnriat
xnr: ia
fri: itu
T riaw
Imvoerfect
kanrni
kat rn: i
katrri y
kayrn: i
kat rn :
karn: iw
kat rn: iw
kayrn: iw
fs
Imperative
Ynri
Yi: i y
~rniW
MP
Participles ms
mni
Verbal Noun Yria
fp
mriri:y :a
m~n:y: ini rrn:y:at
*** *** ***


346
Table 21
Form II Medial Weak
mw: d 'to cause to get up or wake up' (tr. and intr.)
Perfect Imperfect imperative
ana nw : t knw :
(,nw~t
nta nwlt i ktnw:4 nw:4
C~nw:t :i)
(_nw:t :il
huwa nw : kaynw: d
hiya nw~dat katnw:4
hna nw:dna kannw:Ou
(,kn:w c u)
ntuma mw:4tu katnw:qu nw:Ou
(>nw:t u)
huma nw~du kaynw:4u
Participles ms fs nip fp
mnw:¢ mnw:da mnw: i n tnw:gat
Verbal Noun t nw i t nwa4
*** *** ***


347
Table 22
Form II Medial Weak
xw:f 'to frighten' (tr.)
[Corresponding Form I xef (a) 'to be afraid' (intr.)]
ana
nt a
nt i
h uwa
hiya
h na
n urna
h umna
Perfect
xw ft
xw:ft i
xw:ft
xw f
xw :f at
xw :fna
xw:ftu
xw f u
Imperfect
kanxw f
ka t xw : f
ka t xw: f i
kayxw:f
katxw:f
kanxw f u
katxw:fu
kayxw f u
fs
mxw fa
Imperative
xw: f
xw :f i
xw f u
Patciples ms
mxw :f
Verbal Noun t xwa f
MP
mxwf fi1n
fp
mxw fat
*** *** ***


348
Table 23
Form II Medial Weak
fy :q 'to wake someone up' (tr.)
[Corresponding Form I
faq (i) 'to wake up' (tr. and intr.)]
ana
nta
nt
h uwa
h 1ya
h~ na
nt uma
h uma
Perfect
fy :qt
fy:qti
fy:qt i
fy:q
fy:qat
fy:qna
fy:qtu
fy:qu
Imperfect
kanfy:q
katfy:q
katty:qi
ka yfy :q u
kat fy q
kanfy qu
katfy:qu
kay fy :qu
fs
mfy :qa
Imperative
fy:q
fy:qi
fy :qu
mp
mfy:qin
Participles ms
mfy:q
Verbal Noun tfyaq
fp
mfy :qat
*** *** ***


349
Table 24
Form VIII Final Weak
t cs: a to eat dinner' (intr.)
Perfect Imperfect Imperative
anlt~g:iti kantts:a
huwa t akaytts:a
h iya tT~s:at kattS :a
hna t Tsi na kant Ts: aw
huma t s: aw kayt Si: aw
Participles ms fs MP fp
Verbal Noun* Ts
*Other Verbal Noun patterns :
tf l:a 'to joke, jest' tflya Verbal Noun
*** *** ***


AND
PART FIVE
APPENDIX B
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL
GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY

351
APPENDIX B
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL AND GRAMMATICAL TERMINOLOGY
Adjective - A word which limits, qualifies or describes a noun or a pronoun.
In the majority of cases, Moroccan Arabic adjectives are basic (c.f.
basic noun) words. Most Moroccan Arabic adjectives have the structure
CCiC, e.g. /kbir/ 'big' , /srir/ 'small', /zwin/ 'nice', /mrid/ 'sick'.
Also see Adjectives of Color and Defect, Diminutive and Modifier.
Adjectives of Color and Defect - This is a class of adjectives that refers
to color and physical defect. They have the pattern CCC (ias), CCCa (fs)
CuCC (p), e.g. xdr (ms), xdra (fs), xudr (p) green
Tri (ms), cria (fs), Turz (p) lame
Adverb - A word or phrase used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb. Examples of Moroccan Arabic adverbs are /hna/ 'here', /tm:a/
'there', /bz:rba/ 'immediately, quickly', /bz:af/ 'much, very',
/bs:wy:a/ 'slowly, softly'.
Affix - A term used to refer to prefixes, e.g. /#ka-/ in /kayktb/'he is
writing', infixes, e.g. /-a-/ in /ktab/ 'a book' and suffixes, e.g.
/-u#/ in /kI :mu/ 'talk to him!'.
Afro-Asiatic - A language stock consisting of five families of languages:
Semitic (e.g. Arabic and Hebrew), Egyptian (e.g. Ancient Egyptian and
Coptic), Berber (q.v.), Cushitic (e.g. Somali and Galla) and Chaddic
(e.g. West Africa: Hausa).
Allomorph - A positional variant of a morpheme (q.v.) occurring in a
specific environment. English has a noun plural morpheme // that
has the phonologically conditioned allomorphs /s - z - Iz/ as in
"cats", "dogs", "kisses". In Moroccan Arabic the connector /W/ "and"
has the allomorphs /w/ after a vowel and /u/ between two consonants,
e.g. is wmia 'he came and left'
saf twid uibnt 'He saw the boy and the girl.

352
Allophone - A positional variant of a phoneme (q.v.), occurring in
specific environments and not causing semantic differentiation, e.g.
English initial [k")in "kay" and [k] following /s/ in "ski" are both
members of one and the same phoneme /k/. The only difference between
them is that the first is aspirated whereas the second is unaspirated
(see Aspiration). In Moroccan Arabic /a/ has the allophones [a]
as in English 'fat' and [a] as in English 'father' in the environments
of non-emphatic (q.v.) and emphatic consonants respectively, e.g.
/tab/ = [tab] 'to repent' and /tab/ = [tab] 'to be cooked'.
Arabic - The most important Semitic (q.v.) language now spoken. It is the
official language of Algeria, Bohrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Lybia, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sharja, the Sudan
Syria, Tunis, Yemen, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Muscat and Oman. Arabic is
spoken by 100 million people. It is the religious language of 650
million Moslems.
Arabic is both a modern language and an ancient one, going back
over 2,000 years. Classical Arabic was the language of the Koran
and the vehicle of Arabic literature. It is still universally
acknowledge as the Standard Form of the language and is used in
writing and speeches. Modern Standard Arabic is standardized all
over the Arab World and is the language of education, the press,
radio and TV as well as public lectures. In addition, an Arabic
dialect is spoken in each of the Arab countries and varies to some
extent from one Arab country to another. Arabists recognize two
major dialect groups "Western" and "Eastern"; the Western includes
the Arab countries of North Africa through Libya and the Eastern
includes Egypt and all the Arab countries of the East.
Aspectual - Temporal Forms - The categories of tense and aspect are so
closely interconnected in Arabic that, in many cases, it is not
possible to separate the aspectual meaning of the verb, i.e. whether
the action is completed or not, from its temporal reference. See
Imperfect and Perfect for more information on these two categories.
Aspiration - The puff of breath after a consonant, e.g. /t/ in English
"top",is aspirated where that of English "stop" is unaspirated; e.g.
Moroccan Arabic /Tt a/ 'a cover' and /rt:a/ 'to cover' where /t/ of

353
the second example is aspirated.
Assimilation - A phonetic process whereby two adjacent phonemes acquire
common characteristics or become identical. One important instance
of assimilation in Moroccan Arabic is with the phonemes /t t d d r
sszzI n 1/ after the definite article /1-/; e.g. /razl/
'man', / 1-rail/ ---- /r:azI / 'the man'. Another instance is with
verbs, e.g. /wi:d/ 'to prepare, /wi:d-t/ /wi:t:/ 'I prepared';
/duq:/ 'knock!', /ka-t-duq:/ --+ /kad:uq:/ 'you are knocking'.
Auxiliaries - An auxiliary is a verb used before another verb to elaborate
the temperal or aspectual meaning of the main verb; e.g. English
"will" in "he will write a letter" or Moroccan Arabic /radi/ in /huwa
radi yktb bra/ 'he will write a letter'. Examples of Moroccan Arabic
Auxiliary Verbs:
1. /Tadi/ 'will...' + imperfect
xadi nmi dabs I am going to go now.
2. /kan/ 'be' + perfect, imperfect, frequentative, and active
participle (q.v.)
kan mia He had gone.
kunt kanigb atay fs:bah I used to drink tea, in the morning.
kant xaria fdak Iwqt She was leaving at that time.
3. /xs:/ 'it's necessary' + pronominal endings
xs: ni nera had lIsy:a I have to study this evening.
4. -/bra/ 'to want' + imperfect
brit nm i daba I want to leave now.
S. /bda/ 'to begin' + imperfect or frequentative
bdat thdr hdra xawya She began talking nonsense.
6. /bqa/ 'to remain, keep on' + imperfect or active participle
bqina kanaklu ht:a fd:ina kul:si We kept eating until we
finished everything.
bqa gals bwhdu He remained sitting all by himself.
Base Form - The simple or basic form of a word to which inflections (q.v.),
and affixes (q. v.) are added to derive other forms (See Derivation);
e.g. Moroccan Arabic /cml/ 'to do' is Simple Form I and /stml/ (Form
X) 'to use' is derived from it by prefix 1st-/.


354
Basic and Derived Verb Stems - (also Forms) Forms II - X of the verb
(q.v.) are referred to as Derived Verb Forms, or Stems. Thus, /ws[/
Basic Form or Form I? 'to arrive' and /ws:I/ (Derived Form II) 'to
cause to reach'; /'mI/ (Basic Form or Form I) 'to do' and /st Trml/
(Derived Form X) 'to use' ; /baT/ (Basic - I) 'to sell' and /tba/
(Derived - VIII) 'to be sold'; /mia/ (Basic - I) 'to go, walk' and
/trmi:a/ (Derived - VIII) 'to take a walk'.
Basic Noun - A noun that has no relation to any verb or verb stem (q.v.)
from which it could be derived (see Derivation); e.g. /ktb/ 'to
wirte' has /ktab/ 'book' as a derived noun. However, in the case of
/hdid/ 'iron' and /hd:ad/ 'blacksmith', /hdid/ is a basic noun and
jLL.adj is deriVed from it.
Berber - A closely related family of languages spoken by approximately
10,000,000 people in North Africa and in the countries of the open
Sahara. The Berber Dialects spoken in Morocco are (a) Tamazight
(Middle Atlas) , (b) Tashelhit or Shilha (High and Anti Atlas and
the Sous Valley in Southern Morocco), (c) Rifian Zenatya (in the
Rif - Northern and NOrtheastern Morocco) .
Biradical Stem - A verb stem (q.v.) consisting of two radicals (q.v.),
e.g. /ia/ 'to come', /d:a/ 'to take along', / hb:/ 'to love'
(c.f. doubled).
Broken Plural (Noun) - A plural formed from the singular by internal
change. Broken plurals are not predictable. Examples:
ktab (s) ktub (p) book
bri (s) bral (p) mule
sn:a (s) snan (p) tooth
dr:i (s) drari (p) boy
Collective Noun - In Moroccan Arabic this is a class of nouns that
designates a group of things or a general category, e.g. 'onions are
good for you.' The singular or Noun of Unit is formed by adding
the femine ending suffix /-a/ to the Collective Noun which itself is
masculine singular. In Moroccan Arabic, e.g.
bsi onions bsia an onion


355
ibsi mzyan 0:
bsla kbira a
bid eggs
nml ants
The regular plural is
morpheme (q.v.) /-t/,
bsl onions
tata dibslat
anions are goo
big onion
b i da
nmla
formed form
e.g.
bsla
three onion
d.
an egg
an a-t
the singular by adding the plural
an onion
Comparative - This is the adjectival form that corresponds to English
"bigger" derived from the adjective "big". In Moroccan Arabic:
/kbi r/ 'big' , /akbr/ - /kb/ 'bigger'. There are several patterns
for the Comparative in Moroccan Arabic of which /akbr/../kbr/
is the most common. Other examples are:
Adjective Comparative
qwi strong aqwa - qwa stronger
Tal i high aria .._ ila higher
byd white abyd - byd whiter
hmq crazy ahmq - hmq crazier
xf if light axf: - xf: lighter
Notice the following structures:
1. w i d i akbr rnn w l dk My son is bigger than your son.

2. wi d i akbr w id My son is the biggest boy.
Note that /akbr/ is the same form used for Comparative 'bigger' and
Superlative 'biggest'. This is true of all Comparatives and
Superlatives.
Conjunction - A particle (q.v.) having the function of joining sentences,
clauses, phrases or words. Some Moroccan Arabic conjunctions are
here listed:
i ma
im: a
aw
wi:a
aw I : a
imn:e--aw --
im:a- - w I:a- - -
either
either
or
or
or
either...or.. .
either...or.. .
i m:a - - -aw I:a*-*"-
W .. u
l akin
Iakn:
biIq:
walakin
wa Iayn:i
either...or. ..
and
but
but
but

356
Tia wd~as
cla hq:as
hit
Tia qibal
ml:i
mni n
ht:a
bai
mahd:.-w...
1:i
xir
Fia hq:
Via xatr
Tia wd:
Vla msb:a
Via sabab
because
because
because, since
because
since, when, as
since, when
until
so that,
in order to
the more...the
more
who, which, that
as soon as,
no sooner than
because
because
because
because of
because of,
on account of
wax: a
lukan
kun
skun ma
faynm : a
I aynnm :a
mni nm:a
kul :ma
kif ma
kima
shalm:a
qd: ma
qbl ma
bid ma
bla ma
asm:a
aw:I ma
even if, although
if (contrary to
fact
if (contrary to
fact)
whoever
wherever
to wherever
from wherever,
whenever
whenever
however
however
whenever
however much

357
definite article assimilates to this consonant, i.e. it becomes like
it; e.g.
r azI a man r:azI the man
dr:i a boy d:r:i the boy
Demonstratives - The following demonstratives occur in Moroccan Arabic
and. must be followed by an indefinite noun:
Proximity Remoteness
hada (m) this hadak (m) that
hadi (f) this hadik (f) that
hada (p) these haduk (p) those
Examples:
hada wid mzyan This is a nice boy.
hadak wid mzyan That is a nice boy.
In addition, we have the invariable proximity demonstrative /had/
'this, these' as well as the remoteness demonstrative /dak, dik ,
duk/ 'that (m), that (f)', and 'those' respectivelly, all of which
had Iwid mzyan This boy is nice.
had Ibnt mzyana This girl is nice.
had n:as mzyanin These people are nice.
dik Ibnt mzyana That girl is nice.
Derivation - The formation of a word from another word or base by the
means of affixes (q.v.), i.e. a prefix (e.g. English 'un' in
"unemployed") or a suffix (e.g. English '-er' in "teacher") or an
infix (e.g. Moroccan Arabic -a- in /ktab/ 'book' derived from /ktb/
'to write'). Examples from Moroccan Arabic:
prefix: /m I/ 'to do' - Form I Verb (q.v.)
/st ml/ 'to use' - Form X Verb (q.v.)
suffix: /limun/ 'lemons' - Collective Noun (q.v.)
/Iimuna/ 'a lemon' - Noun of Unit (q.v.)
infix: /nts/ 'to sleep'
/ntas/ '(act of) sleeping' - Verbal Noun (q.v.)
Derived Nouns and Modifiers - In Moroccan Arabic, the verbal noun (q.v.),
the nisba (q.v.), the noun of character and profession (q.v.) and the
diminutive of nouns (q.v.) are among the most common derived nouns.

358
Examples:
Ys l
xbz
mazst
wid
The active
diminutive
modifiers.
Examples:
nTs
bhd
sktc
to wash Tsil1 washing Verbal Noun
to bake xb:az baker Noun of Profession
Egypt masri Egyptian, (ms) Nisba
boy wiid little boy Diminutive
participle (q.v.), the passive participle (q.v.) and the
of adjectives (q.v.) are among the most common derived
to sleep
to amaze
small
na Fs
mhbud
sT iWr
sleeping
amazed
tiny
Active Participle
Passive Participle
Diminutive
Diminutive - A noun of
The pattern is not
Base
bnt girl
bra letter
wid boy
sTir small
kib dog
modifier derived from another noun or modifier.
predictable.
Diminutive
bnita
bry:a
wild
kil ib
sY iwr
klib
Discontinuous Morpheme - See Morpheme.
Doubled Verb - A verb form (q.v.), the second radical of which is tense,
e.g. /Id:/ 'to close', /hb:/ 'to love'. (Notice that /b/ is lax and
that /b:/ is its tense counterpart; tense /b:/ has double the duration
of lax /b/ and is produced with stronger articulation and greater
tension on the muscles of the articulator.)
Dual - Certain nouns in Moroccan
a I f one thousand
yum one day
sata one hour
Tam one year
nuba once
Durative - See Frequentative.
have forms
alfayn
yumayn
sattayn
Samayn
nubtayn
denoting the dual, e.g.
two thousand

359
Emphatic - An emphatic consonant (also Flat or Velarized) is one which
is produced by pressing the blade of the tongue against the palate
so that the articulation is velarized or alveolarized rather than
just dental. /t/ is the emphatic counterpart of plain /t/, e.g.
/tab/ 'to be cooked' and /tab/ 'to repent'.
Emphatic consonants color plain consonants, i.e. the occurrence
of an emphatic consonant will cause a plain consonant in the same
syllable (sometimes in the preceding and/or the following syllable)
to become emphatic, e.g. /t Iq/ ---+ /tjq/ 'to release' and /tbt/ -
/tbl/ 'drum' The influence of emphatic consonants on vowels is
very noticeable, e.g. /tab/ = [tab] 'to repent' where [a] is as in
English "fat" and /tab/ = [ab] where [a] is as in English "father".
Moroccan Arabic has the following primary emphatic consonants:
/t d s Z fi/ -
Exhortative Particle - The exhortative particle /yaL:ah/ 'let's' is used
in constructions before imperfect forms (without /ka-/) to denote a
first person encouraging structure of the type 'let's (do such and
such)'.
yal:ah nm iw Let's go.
yal:ah nimsiw nicbu kas atay imi S Let's go drink a cup of
tea together.
Final Weak A verb (q.v.) which has a vowel as its final radical (q.v.),
e.g. /hda/ (i) 'to present', is called weak because of the change
that occurs in that ovwel in the imperfect, /yh d i / 'he presents',
and in the imperative, /hdii/ 'present (ms)!',for certain members of
this sub-class of verbs. Compare:
mha (i) to erase xda (-u) to take bqa (a) to remain, seem
mha he erased xda he took bqa he remained
kaymhi he erases kayaxud he takes kaybqa he remains
mh i erase! xud take! bqa remain!
Flat - See Emphatic.
Fortes - See Tenseness.


360
Frequentative Form - Consists of the imperfect (q.v.) form plus the
frequentative prefix /ka-/. It expresses a habitual repeated action,
e.g. /kanmi ls:uq kul: sba/ 'I Lo to the market every morning.'
/kunt kanmi ls:uq kul1: sbah/ 'I used to go -to the market every
morning . '
or an action which is simultaneous with regard to the time of speech
(progressive) or another definite moment,
e.g. /kayakul daba/ 'He is eating now.'
/kan kayakul mi: i zit/ 'When I came in, he was eating.'
With certain verbs of motion, e.g. /masa/ 'to go' the Frequentative
never has a progressive meaning,
e.g./kaymi i mn daru i itidasa kul: sbat/ 'He walks from his home to
The Frequentative is also referred to as the Durative.
Frequentative Particle - /ka-/, the frequentative particle, is prefixed
to the imperfect (q.v.) to derive the frequentative form (q.v.).
This particle has the following variant forms: /ka-/~ /t a-/ - /da-/
/la-/-
Graphete - The smallest meaningful unit of the writing system of a
language that distinguishes one lexeme (q.v.) or word from another,
e.g. English b and t in "boy" and "toy"; Moroccan Arabic .. /b/
and ~ /t/ in 4.JU /bab/ 'door' and ..t /tab/ 'to repent'.
Also referred to as Letter.
Imperfect - The imperfect is formed by prefixes and suffixes.
/kt b/ 'to write', /n kt b/ 'I write' , /n kt bu/ 'we write' , /y kt b /
'he writes', /yktbu/ 'they write'
Notice that the prefix denotes person and gender and the suffix
denotes number. The temporal and aspectual ranges of meaning
expressed by the Imperfect form are here listed in terms of
corresponding English equivalents.
1. The prefixation of /ka-/ to the imperfect structures gives the
frequentative form (q.v.), e.g.
katm i Is:uq: kul: sba She goes to the market every morning.
2. Structures with /radi/ or /masi/ plus imperfect are future


361
structures.
Yadi nmsi Ibariz Yd:a I'll go to Paris tomorrow.
3. Negative Imperative Structures are formed from second person
imperfect with the use of the negative morpheme /ma. ../
matmsis Don't go! (ms)
4. Exhortative (q.v.) Structures
yal:ah nmsiw Let's go.
5. Optative (q.v.) Structures
[:ah ybark fik God bless you.
6. Future (unspecified)
mI:i tsufu qulhalih When you see him, say it to him.
7. Present (unspecified)
ana nTrf nhdr I araby:a I know how to speak Arabic.
Indefinite Article - This is the equivalent of English "a", "an". In
Moroccan Arabic we have /9i/ '-some, a' /wahd/ 'one, a, an'. Note
in particular the structures
/wahd Zui/ 'a couple'
/wahd i :ma ta dn:as/ 'a group of people'
Unlike English, it is perfectly acceptable to use nothing at all,
e.g. /bida/ 'an egg' as in /kJit bida had s:bah/ 'I ate an egg this
morning.' Also note the construction/si wahd/ 'someone'.
Indefinite Pronoun - Moroccan Arabic has the following indefinite pronouns:
/sI/ 'some' which occurs in /li bnadm/ 'somebody'
/Iw wahd/ 'someone'
/si haza/ 'something'
/si nhar/ 'someday'
/ii nas/ 'some people'
/kul: i/ 'everything, everybody'.
Inflection - The affixation of certain morphemes to the base of a word
to denote person, number, gender, tense/aspect and/or mood of a verb;


362
e.g. Moroccan Arabic /kt b/ 'to write' can give us the following
inflected forms: /ktbna/ 'we wrote'
/y kt bu/ 'they wrote'.
Interrogative Particles - A word or a phrase used in asking questions.
The most common interrogative adverbs in Moroccan Arabic are:
a what? as what?
fayn where? )a I how much, how many?
layn to where? sl a i mn k i 1 umt r how long (distance) ?
mnin from where? sha1i mn saSa how long (time)?
ias why, what for? kif how?
imt a when? k i f as how?
Sias why? f uqas when?
skun who? which? wqtas when?
inu what? which? nharas what (when) day?
dmn: whose? was Did, will ? type
dyal imn: whose? question particle
Isolating Particle - /xir/ 'only, except, but'
zidni rir si Ewy:a Give me just a little bit.
Labialization - Moroccan Arabic has a set of labialized consonants tran-
scribed / b mf'f 1q i 'I?/ . Labialization is manifested as
simultaneous lip-rounding when producing any of the above consonants.
Thus, /b/ is pronounced as [bw] or {bw].
Lax - (Also Lenis) See Tenseness.
Lexeme - Also referred to as Lexical Item or Lexical Form or Word or
Vocabulary Item.
Lexicon - A list of (all or certain) words in a language.
Masdar - A term used by Arab grammarians to refer to the Verbal Noun (q.v.) .
Medial Weak - A verb stem (q.v.) which has a vowel as its middle radical
(q.v.), e.g. /baS/ (i) 'to sell'. It is called weak because of the
change that occurs to that vowel in the imperfect lb 1 F/ and in the


363
imperative /biT/ for certain members of this sub-class of verbs.
Compare:
bat (i) to sell qal (u) to say xaf (a) to be afraid
baT he sold qal he said xaf he was afraid
kaybiV he sells kayqui he says kayxaf he is afraid
bit sell! qul say! xaf have fear!
Minimal Pair - See Phoneme.
Modifier - A word used to modify, describe, limit or qualify the meaning
of a noun or a pronoun. In Moroccan Arabic this class of modifiers
consists of (a) adjectives and (b) participles.
Examples:
(a) wid kbir a big boy
bint kbira a big girl
wiad kbat big boys
Notice number/gender agreement.
(b) d rmhlula an open house
Note that participles (q.v.) are derived from verbs whereas in
the majority of cases, adjectives are not. More important, adjectives
have the form CCiC, e.g.
kbir big
s it small
zwin nice
m iid sick
Morpheme - The minimal meaningful unit of speech in any language; it
may be a word or part of a word, e.g. Moroccan Arabic /ktb/ 'to
write' has one morpheme, /ktb-t/ 'I wrote' has two and /ma-ktb-t-s/
"I did not write" has three. Notice that /ma...s/, the negative
morpheme,is a Discontinuous Morpheme. Also note that /-/ is
referred to as a Morpheme Boundary.
Morphophoneme - A class of phonemes (q.v.) belonging to one and the same
morpheme (q.v.), e. g. English Is z.. iz/ as in "cats", "dogs","kisses"
which are all morphophonemic allomorphs (q.v.) of the noun plural
morpheme (q.v.) whose form is governed by the phonetic environment.
In Moroccan Arabic /w/ and /u/ are morphophonemic allomorphs of the


364
connector "and" conditioned by the occurrence of the first before
or after a vowel and the second following a consonant, e.g.
za wmsa He came and left.
Vaf lwid u lbnt He saw the boy and the girl.
Negative Particles - In Moroccan Arabic we get the following negative
particles:
/ma... g/ and /ma...iay/ used mainly with verbs
maktbs He did not write.
/masi/ + adjective, participle, adverb, particles
mali kbir He is not big.
mali frhan He is not happy.
/ma_=waIu/ 'not at all'
ma siri walu It is not small at all.
/ma... m r./ 'never, ever'
matmrn i smrt bhad s:i I never heard of this thing.
Nisba - A noun ending in 1-if in its (ms) form. The term Nisba means
'pertaining to', e.g.
dhb gold dhbi golden
f as Fez fasi native to Fez
zitun olives zituni olive green color
Noun of Character - A word (derived in most cases from a verb (q.v.))
that refers to a characteristic of a person or his profession. They
are formed on the pattern (q.v.) CC:aC, e.g.
kdb to tell lies kd:ab liar
nsa to forget ns :ay forgetful
Noun of Profession - A derived noun (derived in most cases from a verb)
that denotes a profession, e.g.
xbz to bake xb:az baker
bna to build bn:ay mason
xt : hand writing xt :at calligrapher
hdid iron h d:ad blacksmith
Noun of Unit - See Collective Noun.


365
Nouns and Adjectives - In Moroccan Arabic, nouns and adjectives show two
genders, masculine and feminine, and two numbers, singular and plural.
Very few forms show a dual (q.v.), e.g.
wid boy bnt girl
wiad boys bnat girls
kbir (ins), kbira (fs), kbar (mp), kbarat (fp) big
Optative Structures - Moroccan Arabic has a number of optative structures
expressing a wish or a desire, e.g. "May God bless you." These
structures all refer to the present and future whether they have
perfect or imperfect forms, e.g.
Imalik muhm:d Ixamis arahimahu I:ah King Mohamed, May God have
tini ktabk I:a yrhm lwalidin
1:a ybark fik May God bless
1 :a yxl: i k May God keep you
mercy on his soul.
Give me your book please (=May
God have mercy on your parents.)
you.=Please
(preserve you).=Please
Participles - Adjectives derived from verbs and inflected for gender and
number. Transitive Form I verbs have active (AP) and passive (PP)
participles. Intransitive Form I Verbs (q.v.) have AP's only.
Forms II - X (q.v.) have one participle that functions both as AP
and as PP if the verb is transitive, and as AP if the verb is
intransitive.
Examples: AP PP
Form I kfi (intr) kafr -- to i t
fs! (tr)
Form II *bd:1
III sawb
y tfl :m
VI tfahm
VIII htarm
x stimI
fasi
Participle
mbd:I
msawb
ttI :m
mtfahm
mhtarm
mstSml
mfsu1
to separate
to
to
to
to
to
to
change
fix
learn
reach mutual understanding
respect
use
Particle - A word, usually uninflected and invariable, used to indicate
syntactical relationships. In Moroccan Arabic, particles are
adverbs (q.v.), conjunctions (q.v.), the correlative (q.v.),. the

366
isolating particle (q.v.), presentational particles (q.v.), pronouns
(q.v.) the reinforcing particle (q.v.) and the vocative particle
(q.v.). One thing to remember is that no Moroccan Arabic particle
is exactly the equivalent of any given gloss in English.
Pattern - Vowels and/or consonants added to the root (q.v.) to form a
stem (q.v.). Examples:
Root: ktb (denotes writing)
Pattern -a- infix between C2 and C3: ktab 'book'
Pattern m- prefix: mktb 'office'
Pattern #m- prefix and -a# suffix: mktba 'desk'
Also see Word Structure.
Perfect - The Perfect Form in Moroccan Arabic is formed by suffixation;
e.g. /ktb/ 'to write' /ktbt/ 'I wrote' . The perfect expresses the
following aspectual-temporal ranges of meanings in terms of
corresponding English equivalents:
1. Past
a ilbari He came yesterday.
msina Is:inima zmiT wxt:ina d:rari fd:ar We went to the movies
together and left the kids at home.
2. Present Reference
fhmt I understand.
ila a , qu1iih ygls hna If he comes, tell him to stay here.
ha huma law Here they come; here,they have come. (Present
Perfect)
3. Optative (g.v.) with Present and/or Future Reference
Imalik muhm:d Ixamix ralhimahu 1.:ah King Mohamed V, may God
have mercy on his soul (now and forever).
4. Future Reference
ila taht :ta , maradis nmii If it rains, I will not go.
5. No Specific Time - mainly in proverbs
qal:u as xs:k altryan , qal:u Jxwatm amulay
For those who have nothing, luxuries are more important than
necessities. (an idiomatic translation)
Phoneme - The minimal unit of distinctive sound in a spoken language; e.g.
English "till" and "dill" differ in only one phoneme. Likewise

Moroccan Arabic /tab/ 'he repented' and /dab/ 'it melted' differ in

367
one phoneme. Such words are referred to as a Minimal Pair. A phoneme
may have positionally conditioned allophones (q.v.).
Plural (Sound/Broken) - Nouns and adjectives have plurals. Plurals can
be either Sound (q.v.), e.g. /frhan/ (ms), /frhanin/ (mp) 'happy'
or Broken (q.v.), e.g. /ktab/ (ms), /ktub/ (mp) 'book'. Many nouns
have both sound and broken plurals which occur as variant forms, e.g.
/msd:a/ 'pillow' (s), /mxd:at/ sound plural and /msad: / /mxdyd/
broken plurals.
Preposition - A word used with a noun or a pronoun to show the relation
of the noun or pronoun to some other word or words in the sentence.
Some Moroccan Arabic prepositions and prepositional phrases are here
listed:
b- ~,bi with, by (instr.) TI- - Lia on
I- I- i to, for mn from, of ('than' in
comparative structures
d-- of (belonging) fuq above, over
tot under, below ntac - mtac of (belonging)
qud:am in front of dyal of (belonging)
mur after, behind q 1: except for (telling tix
m:ur from behind rir except for (telling tii
mura after, behind htt:a until (up to)
wra after, behind binb along
h da near, at one's wy:a with
place bin between
qbl before binat between
btd after Tnd at (Fr. 'chez'), in th
me
,me
mia
with
possession of
Presentational Particle - Moroccan Arabic has two presentational

particles (q.v.), /ha/ and /Ca-/ 'here is, here are'.
Pronoun - A word used to replace a proper name or a noun, or to refer
to the person, object, idea, etc. designated by a noun. The following
are sets of pronouns and pronominal suffixes occurring in Moroccan
Arabic:

368
a) Independent
ana I
nt a you
nt i you
huwa he
hiya she
Subject Pronouns
hna
we
(Ms)
(fs)
nt uma you (p)
huma they
b) Pronominal Suffixes associated with nouns,
prepositions ending in consonants:
ktab - i my book dyal -i
ktab - k your (s) book dyal -k
ktab - u his book dyal -u
ktab - ha her book dyal -ha
Ktab - na our book cyai -na
ktab - kum your (p) book dyal -kum
ktab - hum their book dyal -hum
c) Direct Object pronominal endings suffixed1
and the preposition /mn/ 'of, from'
zar -ni he visited me mn : i
zar -k he visited you (s) mn:k
zar -u he visited him mn:u
zar -ha he visited her mn:ha
particles, verbs and
mine
yours
his
her
ours
yours
theirs
to transitive verbs
from
from
from
from
from
from
from
me
you (s)
him
her
us
you (p)
them
zar -na
zar -kum
zar -hum
d) Pronominal
/fi/ 'in',
Iy:a
Ilik
Iu - Iih
I iha
he
he
he
visited us
visited you (p)
visited them
mn:na
mn: kum

369
wr:a -ni .he showed me ra -ni here I am
wr:a -k he showed you (s) ra -k here you (s) are
wr:a -h he showed him ra -h here he is
wr:a -ha he showed her ra -ha here she is
wr:a -na he showed us ra -na here we are
wr:a -kum he showed you (p) ra -kum here you (p) are
wr:a -hum he showed them ra -hum here they are
f) Pronominal Suffixes added to the preposition /mta/ 'with' are
the same as in e) above except for first person (s) /mtaya/
'with me'.
Quadriradical Verb - (also Quadriliteral) A verb (q.v.) having four
radicals (q.v.) or constituent elements, e.g. /trim/ 'to translate',
/sgsa/ 'to ask, inquire', /ftf'/ 'to shake' (reduplicative - q.v.).
Radical - One of a set of elements that constitutes a verb stem. It can
be either a vowel or a consonant. /ktb/ 'to write' has three
constituent consonants or radicals; /ba/ 'to sell' has a medial
(middle) vocalic radical (i.e. vowel) and /msa/ 'to go' has a final
vocalic radical.
Reduplicative Verb - A quadriliteral verb (q.v.) in which the last two
radicals (consonants) are a repetition of the first two, e.g.
/fifT/ 'to shake'.
Reinforcing Particle - /iwa/ 'well' is the reinforcing particle in
Moroccan Arabic. Its occurrence is as frequent as English "well"
in the corresponding translations below.
iwa ml:i suftu kan kayakul Well, when I saw him, he was eating.
iwa , had s:i ma kan Well, that is it.
Root - A term used for the core of a word in Arabic and in other Afro-
Asiatic languages (q.v.). Most Moroccan words consist of a tri-
consonantal (c.f. also triradical and triliteral (q.v.)) root.
Biradical (also biliteral) roots are less frequent and consist of
two consonants. Roots with four consonants (quadriliteral or
quadriradical) occur in Moroccan Arabic but rarely. A root usually


370
occurs in patterns (q.v.). A pattern can be either vocalic and/or
consonantal. The root normally has a certain meaning attached to it.
The basic meaning of the root is modified by the pattern.
Examples:
1. (the root/s tq/has the concept of 'theft, stealing, robbing')
srq to steal
srqa theft
srqat thefts
sarq stealing
msruq stolen (notice the/m-/here is a non-root consonant;
it belongs to the pattern)
sr:aq thief, robber
2. (the root/1hb:/has the concept of 'love, friendship')
hb: to love
hub: love (romantic)
mht: a affection, close friendship
3. (the root/ttirm/has the concept of 'translation')
tizmna we translated
trz ama translation
Semitic - A family of languages constituting a branch of the Afro-Asiatic
(q.v.) language stock. It includes Akkadian, Arabic, Hebrew, Ethiopic,
Aramaic and Ugaritic sharing certain common characteristics; e.g.
a root (q.v.) and pattern (q.v.) structure, a set of derived verb
forms, a set of back consonants /q x x T/, a set of emphatic (q.v.)
consonants (e.g. /t < s/) , a tense formed by prefixation and another
by suffixation, grammatical gender, feminine formative It / ,two-way
plural noun formation: Sound plural (q.v.) and Broken plural (q.v.).
The adjective "Semitic" was brought into use by A. L. Schlozer
in 1781 on the basis of Genesis X and XI. Before Schlozer, the
Semitic languages were referred to as "Oriental languages".
Sound Plural - A plural formed from the singular by the addition of a
suffix without any changes, i.e. singular + /-in/ (mp), singular +
/-at/ (fp)
mzyan (is), mzyan in (mp), mzyana (fs), mzyanat (fp) good, nice

371
Stem - A stem is a root (q.v.) in combination with a pattern (q.v.), to
which inflections (q.v.) are added.
Strong Stem - A verb stem whose radicals (q.v.) are all consonants, e.g.
/ktb/ 'to write', /trim/ 'to translate', /hb:/ 'to love'.
Superlative - See Comparative.
Tenseness - A tense (also fortis) consonant in general is produced with
more force than its lax (also lenis) counterpart. Tense here refers
to two identical consonants with no intervening vowel pronounced
with stronger articulation and greater tension on the muscles of
the articulator and, usually, aspiration. Lax refers to a single
consonant pronounced with lesser muscle tension and weaker, laxer
articulation.
A tense consonant has precisely twice the duration of a single
consonant.
The intensity and aspiration (q.v.) which are characteristic of
the tense consonants give them a syllabic quality (i.e. maximum
degree of sonority in the syllable) so that tense /b:/ is heard as
/bb/ or /ebb,.
Triradical Stem - (also triliteral) A stem (q.v.) having three consti-
tuent radicals (q.v.), e.g. /ktb/ 'to write', /bac/ 'to sell',
/rnsa/ 'to go', /wr:a/ 'to show'.
Velarized - See Emphatic.
Verb - In Moroccan Arabic, verbs are classified and discussed in terms
of ten forms, of which Form I is referred to as basic Form (q.v.)
and Forms II - X are referred to as "Derived Forms" (q.v.).
Another major dimension involved in the discussion of verbs in
Moroccan Arabic is Sound (q.v.) vs. Weak (q.v.). The third major
dimension is triradical (q.v.), quadriradical (q.v.) or biradical
(q.v.) and doubled.
Following are examples of verbs in Moroccan Arabic:


372
a) Sound Triradical
of derivations)
Form Form
Basic I
Derived II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
Ix
(this is the richest group of verbs in terms
kt b
cI :m
sawb
ars I
t TI : m
tsawb
t ir q
t :Irq
nh q
htarmn
hma r
5tcmI
to write
to teach
to fix
to send (RARE)
to learn
to be fixed
to be burned
cIc2c3
C1C2 :C3
C1aC2C3
aC1C2C3
tC1C2:C3
tC1aC2C3
tc1c2c3
t : C1C2C3
nC1C2C3
Cat aC2C3
C1C2aC3
st C1C2c3
to
to
to
respect
become red
use
b) Medial Weak
Form
Basic I bar (1)
qalt (u)
. xaf (a)
Derived (Examples)
I by:'
xw : f
V t ky: I
txw:d
VII tba '
to sell
to
to
to
to
to

373
c) Final Weak
Form
Basic I
mia (i)
xda (ou)
bqa (a)
to
to
to
go
take
remain
Derived (Examples)
II mi:a to
III laqa to
V tmns:a to
X stcfa to
give a walk
meet
meet (reciprocal)
resign
d) Doubled and Biradical
Form I hb: to love (doubled)
d q: (-u-) to knock (doubled)
((-u-) refers to the vowel of the imperfect and the
imperative, e.g. /dq:/ 'he knocked', /kayduq:/ 'he
knocks', /duq:/ 'knock!'.
Derived VII thb: to be loved
d :q: (< t d q:) to be pounded
Biradical za to come
d:a to take along
e) Quadriliteral
Sound
Basic I
and Reduplicative
f rfm
f 'm i
Weak I sift
sqsa
Derived VIII t : rim < t t rim
tf if
to translate
to shake (reduplicative)
to send
to ask
to be translated
to be shaken

374
Verbal Noun - A noun derived from a verb, e.g. /rsl/ 'to wash' /xsil/
'washing'. It denotes the activity, state, or result indicated by
the verb. The Verbal Noun (VN) /zya a/ 'a visit' is an example of
the result of the verb /zar/ 'to visit'; it can also mean 'visiting'
which denotes an action. It is not possible to predict verbal
nouns of Form I verbs (q.v.). In the case of the other verb forms
II - X (q.v.), i.e. derived verb stems, it is possible to predict
the form of the verbal noun.
Examples:
Form I
rs1 I to wash rs i 1 washing
bir I to reach puberty blur puberty
bka I to cry bka crying
bra I to recover bryan recovery
bna I to build bni building
ktb I to write ktaba writing
h sb I to count h sab counting
drb I to hit db hitting
Forms II X
zd:d II to renew tidid renewal
sawb III to fix msawba fixing
til:m V to learn trIim learning, education
tsawb VI to be fixed msawba fixing
t db VII to be beaten db beating
h taem VIII to respect ht i ram respect
stnmr X to colonize st imar- colonization
Notice how Forms V, VI and VII have no VN's of their own and the
VN's of corresponding Forms II, III and I are respectively used instead.
Quadriliterals
frgT to explode tfrgiT explosion
trim to translate trima translation
Vocative Particle - A particle introducing a noun of the person addressed.
There is one such particle in Moroccan Arabic: /a-/ - /ya-/ 'hey you...
amulim:d Hey Mohammed!
awd:i Dear!
asi - asidi Mr.!


375
Weak Verb - A verb (q.v.) which has a vowel as one of its radicals (q.v.),
e.g.
bat to sell
za to come
sqsa to ask, inquire
mia to go
wr:a to show
(c. f.) Final Weak and .Medial Weak)
Word Structure - The Arab grammarians use the root /fril/ 'to do'
to describe the various noun or verb patterns (q.v.). This designa-
tion and symbolization of word structure is followed in every grammar
o+ Classical or Modern Standard Arabic. In applying this to Moroccan
Arabic it is seen that the Active Participle (see Participles) of
Form I (q.v.) verb /ktb/ 'to write' which is /katb/ 'writer, writing'
is said to be of the/fai/pattern. Likewise the Verbal Noun (q.v.)
of Form II (q.v.) verb /bd:I/ 'to change' is /tbd i I/ 'changing'
which is said to be of the /tfTi I/ pattern.
Writing System - Classical Arabic is written and read from right to left.
There are twenty-eight letters (or twenty-nine if we count the /hamzah/
A or the glottal stop) in the alphabet,of which three are used
for the vowels, /a, u, i/. The unconnected letters differ in form
from the connected ones which, in turn, may vary in form, depending
upon whether they are initial, medial or final. Arabic dialects
(whether Eastern, e.g. Egyptian and Lebanese, or Western, e.g.
Moroccan) may be written in this alphabet. It should be noted that
the written script differs to some extent from the printed. There
is a substantial difference between the Western and Eastern handwriting
which makes it somewhat difficult for some Eastern Arabs to read
Western manuscripts. There used to be slight differences between
the Eastern and Western printed forms, e.g. the place and number of
the dots in the letters that represent /f/ and /q/, e.g.
Written and printed Eastern Arabic have: LO /ff , / q/;
Written and printed Moroccan Arabic: /f/ , j3/q/ -.,9 /ff ,
09 /q/-
Now, however, both Eastern and Western Arabic printing shops use the
same letter type for the printing of Modern Standard Arabic. Also,

376
Western handwriting is trending towards a greater conformity with
the Eastern style. Following is a sample of Moroccan Arabic script
written by a Moroccan college graduate. The text is transcribed
and translated for the convenience of the user.
iha wtm :u
hada waIyd s:y:d la cnd flha qal:u "ana m:i Tndu tmnya wtsiin Tam "
qal:u iha "kif walu tmnya wtsTin Tam . ana Tm:i lukan rah cad
says kan rah indu my:a wts in Tam",
Vocabulary
kif walu
1lukan rah Sad ay
Semi-Literal Translation
it is nothing (i.e., not very impressive)
if he were alive
Jeha and His Uncle
This is one man, he came to Jeha and said to him, "My uncle is 89
years old". Jeha told him, "89 years is nothing; if my uncle were
alive, he would have been 190 years old".


AND
LEXICA
PART SIX
ENGLISH - ARABIC LEXICON

APRABIC - ENGLISH LEXICON

378
LEXICONS
The alphabetical order in which the Arabic words appear in the
Arabic-English Lexicon is the following:
? a b b: b b: d d:
h h: h h: i k k: k
m: n n: q q: q q: r
t: tt: w w: x x:
k: 1
r: r
x x:
f f: f f:
t: +1: m
r: s s: s
y y: z z:
9 g:
m: m
s: s
z z:
m:
s:"
h:
z:
With few exceptions, nouns appear with the singular form given first,
the gender marked in parentheses, and a slash, (/), followed by the
plural form. It should be noted that, while most nouns appear without
the definite article /1-/, the article has been retained in the case of
nouns that are always used with the definite article, e.g. /Imxzn/
'the authorities', / marrib/ 'Morocco', /Iqahi a/ 'Cairo'.
The following abbreviations are used in the lexicons:
B.P.
br
Coll
C.S.
comp
da
def
dim
fa
fp
Fr
fs
indef
intr.
broken plural
brother
collective noun
construct state of the noun
comparative
daughter
definite
diminutive
feminine
father
feminine plural
French
feminine singular
indefinite
intransitive verb

379
m masculine
mo mother
mp masculine plural
ms masculine singular
n noun
n.u noun of unit
recip reciprocal
si sister
so son
s.o someone
s.p sound plural
s.th something
super superlative
tr. transitive verb
v verb
precedes a variant form
precedes an equivalent or additional form


LEXI CA
ARABIC ENGLISH
ENGLISH - ARABIC

381
LEXICON
Arabic - English
a interrogative particle "what?"
a vocative particle
abadan never
abadn never
abril April
ab: / aba? father
adab (m) politeness, manners,
literature
adabi literary
adur:u (m) plant used for face
make-up
agadir Agadir
agwal (m) / -at kind of long drum
open at one end
aham: more, most important
ahl (m) family (extended)
ahl lmra in-laws (the wife's
family)
ahil r:afl in-laws (the husband's
family)
ahln hello
ahin wa sahln hello
ahsn best, better
akl (m) - makla (f) food
akt; more
alf one thousand
alfayn two thousand
aman safety
amir (m) / umara price
amir lmu?minin Prince of the
believers
amirika America
amiriki (m) / amiriky:in American
amlak (p) property
aan to believe
amr to order
am:a as for, but
ana I
anglatig': a England
aqaly:a (f) minority
aqwa most powerful
ars1 (IV - rare) to send
ara give ! (ms)
aran:a . aralna when, as for,

suppose that
at. (f) land
asfi Safi
ashi easier, easiest
asiya (f) Asia
as:s: to establish
asili (m) real, original
as1 (m) origin
a. what?
aim:a whatever
atar (m) /-at ruins (historical)
atay fm) tea (no def. art.)
avril April
aw or
awl:a or
aw:ala nr:a first of all
aw:l (m) / -in first (indef)
aw:1 ma as, when
aw:la (f) / -t first (indef)
axlaq (f) manners, morals, ethics
ax: / x:ut .. ixwan brother

382
bab (m) / biban door
babur (m) / -at samovar,ship, boat
bakalurya (f) high school
certificate
baky:a (f) / -t package
bal (m) attention, idea, mind
bali (m) / balyin old
ban (a) to appear
banana (n.u-f) / -t ; banan (coil)
banana
banka (always pronounced /1anka/
bank
baqi remaining
bariz Paris
baraka (f) / -t blessing
ba'ai- (m) /-at -'bridge
bas (u) to kiss
bas so that, in order to, that,
that with which, to (before
infinitive)
bat (a) to spend the night
bat (m) / bitan armpit
basal (m) / abtal hero
bayl: a that
bat (i) to sell
bda (a) to begin
bdiT baked clay
bdniala (n.u-f) ; bdnial (coll)
eggplant
bd:at precisely
bd:1 to change
bd:l (1-) to change clothes for
s.o; to change s.th for s-.o
bgri (m) beef
bhd to amaze, astonish

bhal like, such as
bfal bhal the same, alike
bf; (m) / bouT sea
bht (m) / abbat - bubut research,
investigation
bidaya / -t beginning
bida (n.u-f) / -t ; bid (coll) egg
bin between, among
binat between
binaya (f) / -t building
bir (m) / byur well (of water)
bir:a (f) beer

biru (m) / biruyat - biruwat
office
bit (m) / byut room
bit d:yaf salon, living room
bit lma restroom
bit n:Tas bedroom
bitrul (m) kerosene
bka (i) to cry, weep
bkri early
bkul: farah with great pleasure
bla without
bla (b-) without (b- must be
followed by personal pron.
ending)
bla ma without (conjunction)
blad (f) / -at ~ bladn country
bl?aql: at least
bla3 gratis, don't worry
bl?axs: specially
blb1r by sea
bldi (m) native, home grown

383
but Tm: ti / bnat fm: ti my cousin
(fa si da)
but Yzala a pretty girl (gazelle-
like girl)
bnti / bnati my daughter
bn:ar (m) crystal
bn:fs precisely
bn:Vman poppy seeds
bqa (a) to remain
bqa (f-) to affect, impress
bgai (m) / bgari kettle
brd cold
brdata (f) / -t brads saddle
pack
brniz (m) varnish
br:ad (m) / brard teapot _
br:a (m) / br:aia town crier
br: h to announce
bra (f) / brawat - bry:at letter
brbari (m) Berber
brbi a the four of us, them
bril April
big to glitter
briwa (n.u-f) / -t ; briwat (coll)
a pastry made with almonds and
dipped in honey
brka (f) / brkat duck
brquqa (n.u-f) / -t ; brquq (coil)
plum
bt:a outside
br :ani (m) stranger
bs:lama goodbye
bsit blind
bsla (n.u-f) / -t ; bs. (coil)
onions
bstila (f) / -t - bsatl a pie made
with chicken or pigeon giblets
and almonds
bs:ah is that true?, true, correct
btidai (m) elementary (Nisba)
btida?y:a (f) elementary (Nisba)
bt:ixa (n.u-f) / -t ; bt:ix (coil)
melon (not including watermelon)
btana (f) / -t btayn sheepskin
biaa (n.u-f) / -t'; btata
batapa (coll) potatoes
bt:any:a (f) / -t blanket

bt:n to skin (a sheep)
bu- (m) of, having
bulis (m) police
bulisi (m) / bulis policeman
bula (f) / -t light bulb
butagaz / -at butane gase , butane
gas range
buTwida (f) (s & coil) pear
bwzh in a manner
bx:r to burn incense
bye -.bid (m) white
byrut Beirut
by:t to keep overnight
bz: mn in spite of, unwillingly
bz:af much
bz:af cad very much, too much
bz:rba hurriedly, quickly
bz:ula (f) / bzazl breast (for
females)
b;ar (m) black pepper
bztam (m) I bzatm wallet

384
dfn to bury
dfi to pay
dgdg to pound, grind
dg: to grind
dhb (m) gold
dhbi (m) golden (Nisba)
dik (f) that (demonstrative)
dima always
dimanq Damascus
din (m) / dyun debt
din (m) / adyan religion
diwana (f) custom
diyana (f) / -t religion
diw (m) / -at bucket
dl:aha (n.u-f) / -t ; dl:ah (coil)
watermelon
dmli (m) / dmall bracelet
dmn whose?
dm : (m) blood
dnb (m) / dnub - dunub sin
dniala (n.u-f) ; dnial (coil)
eggplant
dqiqa (f) / -t minute
dqn (m) / dqun - dquna chin
dq: (u-) to knock
drb (m) / druba street (alley)
dr:ala (f) / -t a wheel pushed by
kids
dr:i (m) / drari boy (also means
kids)
drhm (m) / drahm dirham
drS (m) / drat arm
dria Draa
dstur (m) constitution
dik those
dula (f) / duwal nation
duq (m) taste
duwali (m) international
dulambir - disambr December
dwa (m) / -yat - ?adwiya medicine
dw:z to cause to pass
dxl (kaydxul) to enter
dyal belonging to, of, (belonging)
dyal un whose?
dy:ani (m) pious (Nisba)
dial (in) chicken
dial mhm:r (m) roasted chicken

dial mili'(m) fried chicken
djya quickly
d:a to take along
d:arita lmarriby:a Moroccan Arabic
d:arila r:aqiya elevated dialect
d:axil inside, interior, local
d:axr (c tdaxr) to save
d:l:ah watermelon
d:nya the world
d:risy:in the Idrisis
d:uwal Ia -aby:a the Arab world
damir (m) conscience
dar (u) to turn, turn around
dar (f) / dyur house
days (m) lost
dac (i) to be lost
db:r to manage
dd: against
dfr (m) / dfar fingernail
dhi to appear, seem
dhr (m) / dhur back

385
farmasyan (m) drugstore,
pharmacist
fas Fez
fag in which
fat (u) to pass
fayn ~ fin where?
faynm: a wherever
fayq awake
fbrayr February
fdb to reveal (shameful secrets)
fdi1a (f) / fdayh scandal
fdl (m) merit
fd:a to finish
fd:a (f) white alloy (like silver)
f?:l to prefer '
fg:iTa (n.u-f) / -t ; fg:aS (coil)
mushroom
fg:usa (n.u-f / -t ; fg:us (coil)
cucumber
fhm to understand
fh:m to cause to understand
fi sac immediately
fibali to myself
filaha (f) agriculture
filaIi (m) agricultural
fin - fayn where?
firaq (m) difference
fkra (f) / afkar idea
fk: (m) / fkak lower jaw
fk:r to think
flfla (n.u-f) / -t ; flfl (coil)
red pepper
fifla xdra (f) green pepper
flhadr now, at the present time
fThin immediately
flimadi in the past
fl.y:a percent
flq to split
fluka (f) / flayk boat
flus money
fn: (m) / funun art
fn:an (m) / -a - fn:anin artist
fqih (m) / fuqaha - fuqaha?
religious teacher, Koranic
teacher
frh to be happy
frhan -frhan (m) happy

fransa France
frah (m) / -at furniture
frgc to explode, to blast
frh - frh to be happy
fi. (m) joy, happiness
friqi (m) African (Nisba)
fiigy:a Africa
frq (m) / furuq difference
figita (f) /'-t - fra.t table fork
fiumaf rumi (m) imported cheese
frc (m) / furut branch
fr:g to distribute, split
fz:s to furnish
f;:ui (in) / frari cock, rooster
fsad (m) corruption, rottenness
fs:r to explain
fsl to separate (tr)
f.:1. to cut and trim
ft:ali finally
ft:s to look for, search
ftira (f) light breakfast

386
grga walnuts
griwia (n.u-f) I -t ; griws (coil)
small round cookie
grn (m) / grun horn (of animal)
gria (n.u-f) / -t ; gri (coll)
squash
gud:am in front of
gulsa (f) / -t - glasi public
bath dressing room
gwd to direct, guide, lead
gz:ar (m) / -a butcher
ha here is, here are, here
(presentational particle)
had :i makan that's all there is
hada (ms) this
hadak (m) that (demonstrative)
hadi (f) this
hadik (f) that (demonstrative)
hadu these
haduk those
ha?il (m) excellent
hakdk thus
hazima (f) defeat
hbil (m) hbal fool
hbl to lose one's mind
hbt to descend
hda (i) to give a present, guide
(to the right way)
hdy:a (f) / -t gift
hd:awi (m) member of a religious
group known as Heddawa
hd:d to threaten
hdr to talk
hidura / -t - hyadr tinted sheep-

skin used as a rug
hiya she, it (f)
hiya hadi , hiya hadik that is it
(fs)
bm: (m) / bum- humum trouble,
worry
hndasa -hndaza () engineering
hn:a to give peace
hr:s to smash, break
hrb (mn) to escape (from), run
away, flee
hr:b to smuggle, help to escape,

cause to run away
htm: to pay attention, be
concerned
huma they (m,f)
huma hadu , huma haduk that is
they, it (p)
huwa he, it
huwa hada , huwa hadak that is it
(m)
hw:d to dismount, descend, go down
hzm to defeat
hz: to carry, pick up
hz: (f) to affect, shock
hiry:a of the Hijra
hi:ala (f) / -t widow
hadiga (f) / -t -.hadayiq garden
badit Moslem Tradition
had? (m) -da a eleventh (indef)
hala madany:a civil state
(registration)
hakm (m) / huk:am governor

387
hda (m) ~pads eleventh (indef)
lfla (f) / -t - hfali party
(celebration)
hila (f) / -t trick
limaya (f) / -t Protectorate
hit since, because
hit (m) / hyut wall
hizb (m) / ahzab party (political)
hka (i) to narrate
hkaya (f) / -t story
hlawi (mp) cookies, pastries
hlb to milk (a cow)
hlib (m) milk
ilm to dream
hima (f) / ahlam dream
klq (m) / hluq throat (internal)
hlga (f) / 1laqi circle or ring
of people
h1w sweet
hlwa (fs & p) sweets (candy)
hlwa (f) / -t ..hlawi pastry
hi: to open, solve
hi: solution
hma (i) to protect
bmar to become red
hmar (m) / hir donkey
Ihmd to praise, glorify (God)
hml to carry, become pregnant,
flood, rise (as a river)
hula (f) flood
hmq (m) / humq foolish
har red
hm:al (m) / / m:ala porter, carrier
(=porter)
bm:am (m) / -at bathroom

km:m to give a bath
lm:sa (f) ; hum:us (coil) chick
-pea
hm:si pink
hna we
hua (i) to bend
hnk Cm) / enuk jaw
hni (m) / nusa . _hnal snake
rir silk
irira (f) Moroccan soup
]ram forbidden by religion
]rbi military (Nisba)

hirm to prevent, forbid, deprive
1rq to burn
hr:m to cause to be forbidden
(religious)
hsab (m) / -at account,
mathematics
hsb to count, calculate
hs:n to shave
Iasia (f) / h ayr mat
hsl to get trapped, get stuck, be
caught up
4s:1 to catch, capture, trap
sisa (f) marijuana
]im to be ashamed
as : to mow
1tafl to celebrate
ltl: to occupy
]t:a until, even, also
at:a 1- until (up to)
Jam to respect
ht : (-u-) put

388
islam Islam
italya Italy
iwa well,... (then,...)
izar (m) / izur bedsheet
izaza (f) / -t diploma
kabus (m) / kwabs pistol
kadalik also, likewise
kamania (f) / -t violin
kamun (m) cumin
kamuni brownish- green
kamyun (m) / -at truck
kan (u) to be
karim holy (as in Holy Bible,
Holy Koran)
kar (m) / kiran bus
karta (f) / -t card
kas (m) / kisan glass
kawkaw peanuts
kaxit (m) / kwart a piece of paper
kbda (f) / -t . kbad liver (also
refers to affection)
kbir (ms) / kbar big
kb: (-u-) to pour (liquids)
kdb (la) to lie
kd:ab (m) / -in liar
kfr to get irritated
kfta (f) kebab (made of ground
meat)
kf:a (f) / -t palm
kf:f to clap
khka (n.u-f) / -t ; kbk (coll) a
ring-shaped pastry stuffed with
nuts
khl (m) black

kh:1 to put mascara on
ki (shortened form of /kima/ or
/kif/ like
kif how?
kif kif the same, alike
kif walu it's nothing
kif Ia...? how is it?
kif a how?
kima as, however
kla (u) to eat
klam (m) what is said
klb (m) / kiab dog

klma (f) / kiam word
klwa (f) / kiawi kidney
kly:b (m) little dog, puppy (Dim)
kaa (i) to smoke
km:l to finish, complete
km:s to wrap
knz to treasure
knz (m) / knuz treasure
kra (i) to rent
kra (m) rent
krh to hate
krE (f) / krui stomach
kria (f) / -t tripe
kri (m) / kwart - kratan foot or
lower part of a hoofed animal's
leg
kraf (m) celery
krfs to botch up, maltreat
kTm to honor
kcmu*a (n.u-f) / -t ; krmus (coll)
fig

389
kbar (mp) big
knanE (mp) notebooks
Tnfitur.. icunfitur (m) jam
krasa (m) chairs
krnita (f) / -t bugle
Tc:ina (f) / -t kitchen
1- . li to, for
la no
labas fine (greeting)
labd: it is necessary (must)
labd:a it is necessary
labd:ma it is necessary that...
1?adab literature
lagar train station (Fr)
laglas (m) ice cream
lahi the family (of)
l?ahl the family (of)
lah (u) to throw away
lakin but
1?akl (m) food (generic)
lakn: but
lalmany:a German language
lal:a (f) lal:y:at madam, lady
1?aman trust, safety, peacefulness
1?an now
l?andalus Andalusia
lantrit retirement (Fr)
laqa to meet
lard (f) the earth
I7aspany:a Spanish language
lad why, for what, what for
latrak the Turks
layn to where?, where to?

laynm:a to wherever
lazm it is necessary
lbalady:a (f) municipality
lbarid post office
lbarh yesterday
lbas - lbs clothing
lbn (m) buttermilk
ibnani (m) Lebanese
lbrtgizy: Portuguese language
lbs to wear, put on
lburanli French bread (Fr)
lbu.ta post office (Fr)

lbzar black pepper
lfaransy:a French language
lfatha - lfatiha first Koranic Sura
lfiniqy: in Phbenicians
ifisafa philosophy
lfransy:a (f) French language
lfsad (m) corruption, rottenness
ifta (n.u-f) ; ift (coil) turnip
1ftra alms given at the end of
Ramadan
lfusha (f) classical Arabic
lfir - ifzt (m) dawn
lgara (f) the moon
lgriky:a Greek language
lhndaza - lhndasa (f) engineering,
geometry
lhia (f) / -t dialect
leaf (m) / l1ayf long, narrow
mattress shaped like a couch
leal the weather, situation, state
l1ala lmadany:a civil state or

390
lmarrib lmtrib Morocco
lmdina downtown
lmnfya (f) the exile
lmriny:in the Merinides
lmwi grilled lamb
imurabitin Almoravides
lmustaqbal the future
lmuwh:idin Almohades
lmxzn authorities , government,
administration
lmrtun (m) kif paste
1mxrib -,1mvrib Morocco
lmrtb sunset prayer, Morocco
lmsrib Morocco
1m: to wrap up
ingliza English language
lnglizy:a English language
lqa (a) to meet, find
lqahira Cairo
lqmz gambling
lqnitra Kenitra
lq4aya studying, reading
lqu;?an the Koran
lqu ?an lkarim Holy Koran
Ird the earth
isan (m) / 1sun tongue
1tsina (n.u-f) / -t ; ltiin (coll)
orange
lubnan Lebanon
lubya (f) green beans
lukan if (contrary to fact)
lun (m) / ?alwan - lwan - alwan
color
lundr London
l?urdun Jordan
lus (m) / iwas ..lways brother-in-
law (husband's brother) .
lusa / -t ~ lways sister-in-law
(husband's sister)
1?usbut imadi last week
1?usbut lmai next week
1?usbutc lmustaqbl next week
luz (n) almonds
luxa (f) / -t language
lwa1d one (=a person)
iwalid father
iwalid dyali my father

iwalida mother
lwalida dlm a dyali my mother-in-
law (my wife's mother)
lwalida dyali my mother
lwalidin parents
lwilayat lmut:a ida AmericaU.S.A.
lw:l (m) / -in first (def)
lw:la (f) / -at first (def)
lxariz outside, exterior, abroad
1xatium Khartoum
1xa t (m) desire, wish
lxla (f) wilderness
1xlas placenta
lxiif autumn
lymn right, the right (side)
lysr the left (side)
lyum today
lyum fl tiy:a tonight
l1az? ir Algeria, Algiers
lln:a (f) paradise
lw: (m) the weather

391
mad:a (f) / mawad subject (of
study)
magana (f) / maganat ~ mwagn watch
mahal (m) / -at place
mahd:...w... the more...the more
makan (m) / -at place
makaynE it (m) does not exist
makla (f) food
mal (m) money, wealth
malaqa Malaga
maly:a money, finances
mandarin (m) tangerines
maqabr graves, cemetery
magarun (m) spaghetti, pasta
mars March
maslid (m) masalid mosque
mass Egypt
magi - ma... 3i negative morpheme
mat (u) to die
matal (m) - mtla (f) / mtal - mtlat
proverb
matila (fs & coll)(no definite art)
tomato
mattm (m) - m m / mtatm ~ matatim
restaurant
matlas to no longer be, do, become
matar (m) / -at airport
maymkn it is impossible
may:u May
mazal not yet, still
mat lasaf unfortunately (with
regret)
matlhE don' t worry
matndk Slas txm:m you have nothing
to worry about
marariba Moroccans
martibi - marribi (m) ; mar iby:a -
ma-riby:a (f) / mar;iby:in -
marriby:in (mp), mar;iby:at
marriby:at (fp) Moroccan (adj)
marrum (m) completely in love
mbhid (m) amazed, astonished
ubruk ho.Ly
mdfi to sing, praise
mdina (f) / mudun city
mdr:ba (f) mattress
mdium oppressed, not guilty

mdm:a (f) / -t - mdam belt (cloth)
idrasa (f) / madaris school
marasa btida?y:i 'primary school
mfi:s (m) stupid, bad
afr: I(m) furnished
agium (m) satiated with food
mha to erase
mikama (f) court of law
mik:a (f) / -t sponge for bath
malul open
mhn:la (f) / -t spiral shaped
pastry
mida (f) / -t - myadi table
(dinner)
midlt Midelt
milady:a A.D.
milyun one million
minu menu (Fr)
misra Egypt
mitayn two hundred
muknas Meknes

392
mqsura (f) / -t preparation
chamber for the religious
leader (Imam)
mra (f) / yalat woman, wife
mrah (m) / mruha courtyard
mrati my wife
mrd to become ill
mmfq (m) / m'afq elbow
mrhba welcome
mrid (m) / mrad sick
mrqa sauce
mr: (m) / -in bitter(taste)
mr :ak Marrakech
ms?ala (f) / masa?il matter,
question
msali (m) finished
msdud (m) closed, locked
mskin (m) / msakin -.msakn
musakn poor
mslm (m) / inslmin Moslem
msluq (m) boiled (e.g. egg)
mslxir good evening (greeting)
mstifa (f) / mstifyat hospital
mslid (m) / msaid - masalid
mosque
ms:us lacking enough salt or
sugar
ms1:a (f) open air place where
Moslems gather for prayer
msnutat products
msn (m) / masani T factory
msran (m) / msarn intestine
marana zayda (f) appendix
ms: (-u-) to suck
mia (i) to go, walk

midud closed, locked
mihur (m) famous
mimaa (n.u-t) / -t ; mimal
(coll) apricot
mar:g (m) torn
m ruba (f) / -t drink
m.ta (f) / m.ati comb
miwi (m) grilled
ms rul (m) busy
ms:a to make walk
atihan (m) / -at examination
mtk:i (m) leaning

itl - itla / atal - -t proverb
mtl: (m) ice cold
mtsx:ra (f) / -t maid
mtwg :t (m) middle
mtV1:m / -in houseboy, servant(m)
mtt1:ma / -t maid
mtaun (m) ground
mttm (m) / matatim - atarm
restaurant
mtw:t (m) smart
mu?ad:n (m) announcer of the hour
of prayer (in a mosque) , caller
to prayer
mubara (f) / -t game, contest
mud:a (f) / -t period of time
mucuS (m) I mawadi subject
muhimi: (m) important
muI al I doubt it, I don't think
so, (expresses doubt as to some
action)
mu1 it (m) / -at ocean

393
mwd:n (m)/-in announcer of the
hour of prayer (in a mosque)
mwq (m) / mawaqi position
mws:c mac a rask comfortable (for
you ins)
mxazni (m) / mxazny:a a government
employee, usually dressed in a
special uniform, with messenger
duties
mxd:a (f) /-t.mxad:~ mxayd cushion
mxs to churn (milk)
mxr:qa (f) a kind of Moroccan
fried pastry dipped in honey
mxtalf (m) different
mxtub (m) engaged
mxtut (m) / -at manuscript
my:a one hundred
mzyan (m) nice, good
mzhud (m) / -at effort
mir (m) / m'zamr coal or charcoal
burner for cooking
mt with
mia with
mo a s:alama goodbye
me ak lhq you are right (to ms)
me dnus (m) parsley
m gaz (m) lazy
me k:s (m) one who always does the
reverse of what is normal
(backward person)
malqa (f) / -t .. me alq spoon
mS lum certainly, of course, known
mf lumat knowledge, information
mimal (m) / mac amil factory
menaha that is to say, which means

me uf (m) known
aT nm (m) / measm wrist
mT ur (m) juice
me za (f) / miz goat
mi'un (m) Kif paste
mr arba - minarba - ma Yariba
Moroccans
mrib -_urrib ..marrib . marrib
(always with the definite
article 1-) Morocco
maribi - marribi . marribi (m) ;
mxriby: a .. ma rriby:a . marriby:a

(f) / mrriby:in marriby:in
marriby:in (mp) ; myriby:at
marriby:at -,marriby:at (fp)
Moroccan (n and adj) person from
Morocco)
in
mur after, behind (before the
definiterarticle).. mura
(elsewhere)
iws: x (m) dirty
m:(alinheads,owners
m:i my mother
nab (m) / nyab canine tooth
nabi (m) / anbiya prophet
nad (u) to get up
nadar (m) view, idea
naga'(f) / -t female camel
nas (mp) people
naft (m) happy

394
nsabati (fp) my in-laws
nsabi (mp) my in-laws
nsib (m) in-law
nsiba (f) in-law
nsibi (m) my in-law
nsibti (f) my in-law
nsx to copy down
nsxa (f) / -t - nsaxi a copy
nsl to weave
nsh to advise
nsr to give victory
nsr (m) victory
nsrani (m) / nsara Christian
(European, mainly French)
ns: one half
ns:r to crown, make kind
nta you(ms)
ntaqm (mn) to take revenge on
ntaya you (ms)
ntar of, belonging to...
ntha to come to an end
nti you (fs)
ntuma you (mp)
ntadr to wait for, look forward to
nuba (f) / -t turn, support,
alimony
nuba (f) / -t once, one time, time
nubtayn twice
nukta (f) / -t joke
nuga silver
nuwanbir nuvambr November
nuS (m) / nwat - anwat kind, sort,
variety
nwa (m) nuts (food)
nw:ara (f) / nw:ar flower

nxla (f) / nxl palm tree
nzl to descend, dismount
nth to succeed, pass an examina-
tion
nZ:m to be able to
nSnat (m) mint
nTs to sleep
nt t (m) / ns ut direction,
description, modifier, adjective
aT :t to give directions, describe
n: abi Mohammed the Prophet
q
qabl to meet, take care of
qabla (f) / -t midwife
qa|i (m) / qulat judge
qady:a (f) / -t problem, matter,
case (law)
qa?id (m) I quy:ad leader,
commander
qal (u) to tell, say
qam (i) to prepare (e.g. tea),
to furnish, supply
qam (u) to get up, stand up
gamis (m) / qmays shirt
gamiza (f) / qmayl shirt
qanun (m) / qawanin law
gaTida (f) / qawavid custom, habit
qbd to hold
qbila (f) / qbayl tribe
qbl before
qbl to accept, agree
qbl lailad B.C.
qblma before

395
graya studying, reading
grat to become bald
qrfa (f) cinnamon
qrfi (m) cinnamon colored
grib (m) nearby, near
glib (m) / grab ; qiba (f) /
:rabat relative
qrn (m) / qurun century, horn
grunfla (n.u-f) / grunfl clove
qqa (f) / -t village
gzuta (f) larynx, Adam's
apple
qr? (m) / qurT bald headed, bald
gTa (f) / grafi battle
q:a to teach
qs:m to divide
qslau; (m) corriander
qgba (f) / -t shin
qgba (f) / qsb reed
q it (m) short
qsm (m) / qsam section, class
(also: five minutes)
qgmayn ten minutes (dual form)
qsr (m) / qusu; palace
q§:r to visit and stay up late,
to shorten
qila (f) / qsali fort, fortress
gra (f) / -t - gur rind,
crust, bark
qtarh to suggest
qtisad (m) economics
qtl to kill
qt:al (m) / -a - -in killer,
murderer
qtban -tban (mp) shish kebab

qtifa (f) / qtayf - qtifat
blanket
qtn cotton
qt: (m) / qtut tomcat
qt :S to tear, cut into pieces
qub: (m) / qbub hood of a
dj ellaba
qud:aa in front of
quqa (n.u-f) / -t ; quq (coll)
artichoke
quT?an Koran (occurring mainly
with the definite article)

qurtuba C ordova
qus (m) / qwas arch
qwi strong, powerful
qw:a (f) power
qnt (f) / qnut corner
grab (irp) , qrabat (fp)
qtban shish kebab
(place)
relatives
rbara (f) / -t group, gang
rbh to profit, gain, win
rbita (f) / rbayc a small
container for tea or sugar
rdm to demolish
rfd to pick up, carry
rih (m) / ryah wind
riha (f) / -t - rway scent, smell
risala (f) / -t letter
riy:a (f) I -t lungs
rswa (f) / rawi bribe

396
rda (a) to accept
rdt to suckle
rd:aTa (f) / -t baby bottle
rd: c to nurse
rfiq (m) / rfqan comrade, friend
rfit excellent
Thn to pawn
r]:b (b-) to welcome
rh:l to move something
rkb to mount
;kV to kneel
rkSa (f) / -at - rkai a bending
of the torso from an upright
position
rma (i) to throw
rmadi (m) grey
rmla sand
rm:ana (n.u=f) / -t ; rm:an (coll)
pomegranate
rqba (f) -t -. qab back of the
neck, nape
rqm (m) / rqam - arqam number
rqs dance
rq:d to can pickles
rsmi (m) formal,- official
rtab to get or become soft, tender
rtb (m) wet, soft, humid
rtuba (f) humidity
rub - rb - rub one fourth
rukba (f) / rkabi knee
iukna (f) / rkani corner
ruxsa (f) vacation
ruz (m) rice
rxam (a) marble
rxis cheap
ryad (a) / -at a (domestic) flower
garden
ryada (f) sports
ry: h to rest, take a rest
rzq to grant (by God)
rzq (m) / rzaq fortune, compensa-
tion, heavenly grant
rim to throw stones at
rT to return, come back
1l:T to give back, return, vomit
r: ifa (f) / rn ayf Moroccan pancake
r:bat Rabat
r:umany:in Romans
r:usy:a Russian language
r:y adRiyadh
r:yaly:at mathematics
sads (m) sixth (indef)
safar (m) sfr trip, travelling
safr to travel
sahl (m) - shi easy
sahih true, is that so?
sa?ih (m) / sw:a tourist
sakn (m) / suk:an inhabitant
s?al to ask
sala (i) to finish, end
salan (m) peace, greeting
sana (f) sanawat - snin year
sayh (m) / sw:ah tourist
sata ir... the moment (he)...,
as soon as
said (m) happy
said help

397
skt to become silent, quiet
sk:t to make silent
sla Sale
slam (m) greeting
slq to boil something
six to skin
sl:f (1-) to loan, lend
sl:m (Sla) to greet, shake hands
sm (m) - smy:a (f) / sma? - smy:at
name
smawi sky blue
smo to forgive
smid semolina
smida semolina
smr brown (complexion)
smy:a (f) / -t name
sm to hear, listen
sm:a to name, give a name
snbula (f) / snabl spike of grain,
stalk of wheat
snduq (m) / snadq box
snin years
sh:a (f) / asnan tooth
srt to pasture, tend sheep
srha tending sheep
sqsa to ask, inquire
srwal (m) / srawl pair of trousers
sr: (m) / asrar secret
sr:I to permit
srq to steal
srqa (f) theft
s;:aq (m) / sr:aqa thief
sttab to repose, relax
stwtd to import
stxb; to inquire
st iml to use
st:a six
st:in sixty
s;:as 16th (indef)
su?al (m) / ?as?ila question
sukna (f) dwelling
suk:an inhabitantA
suk:ar - suk:; - sk:t (m) sugar
suq (m) / swaq market, marketplace
sus Suss
swa (a) to be worth, cost
sw:k to clean the teeth

sw:q to shop
sxun (a) / sxan hot (weather)
sx:n to warm, heat
sy:ara (f) / -t car
sy:d / syad sadat mister
s :da / -t madam
szn (m) / suzun prison
sira (f) / siz tree
sta (a) to beg
staya begging
sTd to be happy
sTd (m) happiness
s:alamu alikum hello
s:buT party of the 7th day after
the birth of a child
s:ms (f) the sun
s :ms (f) the sun
s:udan the Sudan
s:rdy:in the Saadiens
gab (i) to find

398
slra (f) / sari desert
shut the last meal of the day,
shortly before daybreak during.
the month of Ramadan
*I:a (f) health
gif (m) summer
sift to send
iny:a (f) / -t .. swani tray
glgut (m) / slag; delinquent,
hoodlum, bum
gltan (m) / slatn sultan, king
gle to be good for
sl1 (m) / /ult bald headed
si:a (i) to pray
smta (f) / swami ~ sawamiT tower
*m:m to decide, persist
sm:t to dress up a baby
gnduq (m) / snudq box
snT to manufacture
stia (f) / gnayi craft, job
*qt to make fall off or out of
s;a to happen, occur
srg to steal
g;f to spend money
sr:aq (m) / sr:aqa thief
strny:a (f) / -t hassock
stl (m) / stula bucket
stmy:a (f) / atam hassock
stwan (m) / -at hallway
sub:a (f) soup
suf Cm) wool
guaba (f) friendship
sultan (m) I slatn sultan, king
suara (f) / -t tower
sur:a (f) / -t navel, umbilical

cord
sw:b to fix, do
sy:d to hunt
sy:h to cry, howl (dog), crow
sy:; to conduct
s Tb to become difficult
s rib (m) difficult
s rar - s rar little, small (mp)
srit (m) / sYar s ~za; small,
little
Siw (m) diminutive form of srit
'little, small'
s :blyuny :a Spanish language
gab Ci) to get old, get grey hair
lab: (m) / sub:an youth
sab:a (f) / -t youth
saf (u) to see
sahada (f) / -t certificate
samal friqy:a North Africa
saqur (m) / swaqr axe
garb (m) / Swarb lip
sarf (m) old
Earika (f) / -t company
saris (m) I /awarit avenue
sari Sa Islamic law
saraf honor
saiy:a (f) / -t - swagi cap
gawn Chechaouen
sayb (in) old (grey-haired)
sazi T (m) / EuiTan brave
gbh to look like
ibS to be filled up with food
sb:aky:a (f) / -t ; ib:aky:a (coil)

399
9k: (m) doubt
9k: (m) / -at check
Elala rinsing
slarm (mp) moustache
ilh (m) / 1uh Berber, the Berbers
flha (f) / -t Berber, the Berbers
Eluh Berbers
§lya (f) / -t chair
§1:1 to rinse
Elada (f) salad
ial left
Ems a (f) / EmT candle
snu what (is, are)?, which?
sqf (m) - Eqfa (f) / Equfa a piece
(of), a small pipe for smoking
kif
sq (m) blond
sra (i) to buy
srbil (m) / rabl ladies' shoes
vsrf to get old
s-rif (m) noble (descendant of
Mohammed the Prophet)
sr:g to tear
Vsab (with the article) (m) wine
srb to drink
srq to rise (sun)
sr. (m) I /urut condition .(stipu-
lation)
trim (m) / Eratm window
sr:f to honor
srq east
sta rain
stwa winter
sta to dance
Ith .. tih dance

Unkrn-'ikran thanks
surba (f) soup
suruq sunrise
iutambir September
uzaS (m) / suztan brave
furl (m) / asral business, work
swari (m) / -yat a large saddle
bag used on beasts of burden
for hauling
swy:a little (bit)
sw:ai (m) / swawl tail (of animal)
Exd to get high (by excitement)

Sira (f) / LIT tree
sib (m) people of a country
s ban the Moslem month of Shaban
sTbana a period in the middle of
the Moslem month of Shaban
s bi (m) popular, native, ordinary
(Nisba)
IsTira (f) / stir barley
sS1 to light, start a fire
istF (m) hair
rgy:a (f) vermicelli, thin
spaghetti
§:aria (f) Islamic Law
§:i the thing, matter
:1ha (f) the Berber language
:luh the Berbers
S:mal the left (side)
§:ms (f) the sun
§:mi (f) the sun
S:rab wine
9:rab lbyd (m) white wine

400
ths:n to improve
t5i:9 to use hashish
tht under, below
thty: a (f) / -t transparent nylon
dress worn under the kaftan
thy:r to get puzzled, be troubled
titwan Tetouan
tilara (f) trade, commerce
tkl ( la) to depend (on)
tkl:m (msa) to talk (with)
tkrfs to be messed up
tk:a (a) to lean against
tk:l ( la) to rely (on)
tla (a) to become
tlah to be thrown away
tlaqa (mta) to meet (with)
tlata three
tlatin thirty
tlf to be lost
timid (m) / tland - talamid pupil
tlmida (f) / -t pupil
tlmit / tlamt cover (for bed or
sofa)
tit alaf three thousand
tlt my:a three hundred
tlt:al thirteen, 13th (indef)
tli (m) ice, snow
tlb to ask
tmanin eighty
tmati to live, live on
tmntal eighteen, eighteenth
tmnya eight
tmn:a to wish
tera (n.u-f) / tir (p & coil) date
(fruit)
tur: to wallow
tmi fkjalk go! (home, your own
way)
tm:a to walk, take a walk
tmtm to stutter
tm: to go on doing something
tm:a there
tns:T to be crowned (made king)
tnz:h to go on excursion
tqam ( la) to cost
tqb to pierce, perforate
tqb:h to be rude, impolite

tqil (m) heavy
tql:q to become impatient
tqriban tqvibn almost, nearly,
about, approximately
tqtira drops (from a filter or a
dropper)
tqba (f) / tqabi hole
try:a (f) / -t chandelier
t;afik traffic, smuggling (Fr)
tibya / trabi baby, infant, new-
born child
tsalm to greet one another
tsara to take a walk
tsbib (m) / tsabh rosary
tslaf / tsalf a'loan
tsl:f to borrow
tsn:a to wait for, wait
tsr:h to settle down, relax
tsTa nine
ts Tin ninety
ts tal nineteen, 19th (indef)

401
tagy:a (f) I -t - twagi woolen hat
tah (i) to fall
taksi (m) / taksy:at cab
tania Tangier
tantra (f) / -t . tnalr metal
cooking pot
tat (i) to fly
tard to chase
tariq (m) / turgan way (road)
tariqa (f) / -t way (manner,
means)
tarix (m) history
tarixi (m) historical
tas (m) / tisan washing dish,
metal basin with handles used
for washing hands before or
after a meal
Casa (f) / -t cup, glass
talin (m) stew
tar (i) to obey
tbib (m) / ?atib:a medical doctor
tbiba (f) / -t medical doctor
tbi (m) I tbula drum
tbla (f) / -t -thali table
tbsil (m) / tbasl dish, platter,
plate
tbx to cook
ibx (m) cooking
tb: al (m) / -a (no fem) drummer
tb:1 to beat the drum
tb:q to apply, implement
tfa (i) to extinguish
tfl (m) / atfal .. tfula kid, child
tfya ashes (of a cigarette)
thara circumcision
thii flour
thn to grind
tir (m) / tyur bird
laq divorce
t1q to release, let go
;l:q to divorce
I1 to climb, mount, go up
tl:ab (m) / tlaba beggar
;i:aba (f) / -t beggar
tna twelve, 12th (indef)
iqs weather
tra to happen, occur

trabls Tripoli
;rbu (m) / trabs hat
trbu amr (m) a fez
trd to dismiss
I f (m) / traf piece
tre to spread, throw on the floor
trif at pieces
tTiq (f) / trqan .. u'qan road
dry: f (m) / prifat small piece
(dim)
trz to embroider
trim to translate
tir (m) / tur village
jumubil (f) /'-at car
turkya - turkya Turkey
gur (m) / atwar stage
twil (m) long, tall
tyab (m) cooking
ty:aia (f) / -t airplane
ty:b (m) nice, gentle, good (for
people)

402
walid mrati father-in-law (my
wife's father)
walida mother
walidin parents
walihada (for this reason) thus
walili Volubilis
walu nothing
waqil maybe, perhaps
was ila (f) / wasa?il means
was F (m) wide .
wasifa (f) / -t maid (of a queen)
was interrogative particle of the
do, will type
wata to match, suit
watiqa (f) / wata?iq document
waxd taking
wax:a all right, o.k., even if...
wafb (m) / wazibat duty
watalih all right
watalikum s:alam response to
/s:alamu likum/
wdn (f) / wdnin ear
wdca (f) / wdT small shell
wd:n to announce prayers (in a
mosque)
whE (m) / whus wild animal
wilaya (f) 7 -t state
wiski (m) whiskey
wkun if (contrary to fact)
wld to give birth
wid (m) / wiad boy
wld bnt m:i second cousin (son
of my paternal uncle's daughter)
wld bnt cm:ti second cousin (son
of my paternal aunt's daughter)

wid wid xali second cousin (son
of my maternal uncle's son)
wld wld cm:i second cousin (son
of iy paternal uncle's son)
wld wld cm:ti second cousin (son
of mypaternal aunt's son)
wid xal b:a second cousin (son
of my father's maternal uncle)
wid xalt m:i second cousin (son
of my mother's maternal aunt)
wld im: 'b:a second cousin (son
of my father's paternal uncle)

wld Fm: crati son of my wife's
paternal uncle (my wife's
cousin)
wld m:i / wiad cm:i my cousin
(fa br so)
wld cm:ti / wiad im: ti my cousin
(fa si so)
wldi / wiadi my son
wlid little boy
wlidi sonny
wl:a or
wl:a to return, become
wl:barh the day before yesterday
wl :ahi by God
wqf to stand up, stop
wqid (m) matches
wqt time (telling time)
wqtal when?
wqtm:a whenever
wqi happen
wr:a to show

403
xasara that is too bad
xas: (m) special
xatm (m) / xwatm ring
xatar (m) danger
xatir (m) dangerous
xatr (m) desire, wish
xawi (m) empty
xay / x:uti my brother
xayb (m) ugly
xayd (m) taking
xbr (m) / xbar - axbar news
xbz to bake (bread)
xb:a to save, hide
x da (u) to take
xdm to work
xdma (f) / -t . xdami work
xd: (m) / xdud cheek
xdr green
xdr mrluq dark green
xfif (m) light (not heavy)
xima (f) / xyam tent
xir (m) / xirat good
xiry:a (f) charitable (Nisba)
xit (m) / xyut string
xizana / -t library
xiz:uya (n.u-f) / -t ; xiz:u (coil)
carrot
xla (f) / xlawat wilderness
xlaq to be born
xlfa (f) / -t step
xlq to create
xl:a to let, leave
xl:£ to can meat
xlt (cla) to arrive (at)
x1:s to pay
xl:t (b-) (mnFa) to mix
xmr to drink (liquor)
xmsa five
xmsa wsb rin seventy-five
xmsin fifty
xmstas 15th (indef)
xm:m to think
xna (f) / xnali sack
xnz to stink
In:z to cause to stink
xrif (m) autumn
xra (f) feces

x;afa (f) / xtayf story, tale
xga (f) / xxaqi rag
xtuf (m) / xtfan little lamb
xti (kayxtui) to go out
xrtz cla to let someone down, break
one's word, go off (e.g. car
goes off the road)
xt:z (kayx;:z) to cause to go out,
extract, graduate
xsr to lose, fail, become
inoperable
xs: to be necessary
xs:a (n.u-f) ; xs: (coil) lettuce
xs:k you have to (it is necessary
that you)
xtana (f) circumcision
xtilaf (m) / -at difference
xta; to choose
xta.; to abbreviate
xtb to ask a girl for marriage
xtf to grab

404
yd: (f) / -in hand
yhudi (m) / yhud Jew
ymkl:i it is possible for me
ymkn it is possible
ymknli it is possible for me
ymknik.- ymkl:k it is possible
for you, i.e. you can
yarn right (side)
yn:ayr January
yq:n to be sure
ysr left (side)
ytim (m) orphan
yulyuz July
yum (m) / y:am day
yumayn two days
yunyu June
ys ni means, that is to say
y:am days
y:ih yes
zad (i) to add, continue, come
in, go on, give more, be born
zaman long ago, in the past, time
zawal (m) marriage
zawya (f) / -t small mosque,
religious center
zayd naqs it does not matter much
zbda (f) butter
zbiba (f) / zbib (coil) raisin
zbibi (m) purplish red
zft pitch (implies "bad state":)
zhT (m) orange blossom
zif (m) / zyuf zyufa napkin,
handkerchief, scarf
zin (m) / zwinin nice, good

looking
zit (f) oil
zit lbldiy:a any vegetable oil
(other than olive oil).
zit lud (f) olive oil
ziti (m) frost green
zituna (n.u-f) ; zitun (coil)
olive
zituni (m) olive green
zk:a to give alms
zlafa Cf() / zlayf bowl
zIzi to shake
zl:ii (m) mosaic
zman long ago, in the past, time
zm:ur the Zemmour tribes
znqa (f) / -t ~ znaqi street
zrb to hurry
zrda (f) / -t - zradi good meal,
feast, party with good meal
zrq (m) blue
zrT to sow
zt (p) hard wheat, grain
zuz two
zuza / -t wife
zwaq (m) / -at designs, ornamenta-
tion
zwaz (m) marriage
zwin (m) / -in pretty, nice
zw:1 to eliminate, erase, take
away
zw:q to make designs
zyada (f) birth
z'bula (n.u-f) ; zcbul (coil)

405
Ebha (f) / -t .. bahi forehead
ibl (m) / /bal moutain
zb1 tariq Gilbraltar
ibn (m) cheese
ibn dlmtaz goat cheese
1br to find
idb a special dance
idid (m) new
id: / idud grandfather
id:a / -t grandmother
id:ati my grandmother
d:i my grandfather
ifn (m) I ifan eyelid
zhi (m) I /husa ass
zib (m) / iyub pocket
ziha (f) / -t side, part
zii (m) / uyul Army
z.i c an hungry
ilbana peas
Zld (m) skin
/l:aba (f) / lalb djellaba
imil (m) , imila (f) pretty,
beautiful, nice looking
imil (m) favor
imit all, together
iml (m) / zmal camel
inah (m) / wane wing
inan (m) / -at orchard
inb (m) / inab side
In: (m) / inun devil, jinn
in:a (f) paradise, heaven
fra (Cla) to kick out
rada (f) / zrad grasshopper
Ir: (-u-) to drag
fr:b to try
itamt to gather, meet (with)
itimati (m) social
zuc (m) / alwaq orchestra
zuz two
Ius dlasabi T two weeks
Iui dlmlayn 2,000,000
IuT (m) hunger
.wayh approximately
zw: (m) weather
I 1 to make
1:ur'afiy:a (f) geography
Tad then, very (intensifier)

iada (f) / -t habit
S adi (m) ordinary
c adl (m) / c dul jury
Sadim (m) great, magnificent
Tafak please
Safya (f) fire
£a?ila (f) / -t family
Salam (m) world
Saawd: because
Tali (m) high
salim (m) / Sulama scholar,
learned
Tam (m) / -at year
Samal (m) / aTmal work
camayn two years
camr (m) full
Sam: (m), am:a (f) general
£aq (b-) to be aware of
Saqb to punish
£aql (m) intelligent
Sarabi (m) / Sarab Arab

406
Tid milad (m) birthday
Vilm (m) / ulumin science, knowledge
Vilm litimaV (m) sociology
Vimara (f) / -t building
Sin (f) / inin eye
Vin (m) / yun spring, well
Vinb (coil) grape
visa (f) living
Vks opposite, contrary
Vk:r to put lipstick on, to trouble
T1- ~Vcia on
Vla bal attentive, on the alert
Via bt:a rural areas, villages
Vla hq: because
Via hq:a3 because
cla kul: hal anyway
Via msb:a because of
Vla gibal because
cla r:a wlcin with great pleasure
Vla sabab on account of, because
Vla wd: because
V1a wd:a3 because
Vla xatT because
clay why?
VI imyn to the right
Vim to know, let know, notify,
inform
Vim (a) / Vulum science
ilmi (m) scientific, educational
V1w (m) height
i:ama (m) / Vulama scholar
V1:m to teach
l:q (cla) to hang, hang up,
comment on, wear (necklace)
Vma blind
Tal to do, make
Vul s:abun to wash clothes
Vma age
Vm: / Fmam paternal uncle
Vm:a / -t paternal aunt
Vm:an Amman
Vm:i / Vmami my paternal uncle
Va:ti / Vm:ati my paternal aunt
Vnba (n.u-f) / -t ; Vinb -V nb
(coil) grape
Vnd particle of possession (have) ;
at (Fr. 'chez' "in the possession

of")
Vnq (a) / V nuq neck
Vnwan - S1wan -V dunwan (m) /
T anawin address
V qd (m) / Vqud contract, agreement
sql (m) / Vqul mind
Vris (m) / Trsan bridegroom
crs (a) / trasat wedding
Vryan (m) / -in uncovered, naked
tzada (f) / -t invitation
Srd (Via) to invitei
Vrd (m) width
Srf to know, know of , learn about
trid (m) wide
VTk to fight
Vtka (f) / -t a fight
Vrq (m) I Vruq vein
Vrgb to celebrate the engagement
officially
Trubi (m) peasant (Nisba), one
who lives in the country

407
Yadi (ms) , radya (fs) , radyin
(mp) , radyat (fp) auxiliary
used before imperfect form
without prefix /ka-/ "going",
"swill"
rar (m) / ;iran cave
rar (i) (mn) to be jealous
rarq drowned
rasul (m) shampoo
rda (m) / -wat lunch
rdr to betray
rd:a tomorrow
rf; to forgive sins
ri (shortened form of / rir/)
only, just
riba (f) / ryub absence
Yir as soon as, no sooner than,
except for
Yir daba daba a little while ago
nita (f) / -t oboe
nla (i) to boil
xlb to beat, conquer
rlmi (m) lamb, mutton
rna (m) sheep
=n:a (i) to sing
rr:d sing (for birds), chirp
nrb west
nrbi (m) western
rif to ladle
rrnata Granada
rrq to sink, drown
rny:ba (n.u-f) / -t ; rsy:ba
rayb (coil) a Moroccan tea
cake
rsl to wash
ra (f) / -wat cover
ntar (m) / rut;an plate, platter,
-dish
rt (m) / r ura plate
rt:a to cover
rutub sunset
rur:af -r i:af (m) / tra;f - IZat
pitcher
rust August
ry:at (m) / ry:ata (no fem) oboe
player
'1af (f) / -at envelope

aia singing
stb to set (sun)
Yuf to ladle
l y:ba (f) / -t ; :ayb - ry:ba
(coil) a Moroccan tea cake
Sr:af (m) / irarf pitcher
?sl to wash
Yta /rtawat cover
Yjar (m) / -at plate, platter
?;:a (f) / -t flesh under the chin
(second chin)
?zala (f) / -t gazelle

LEXICON
ENGLISH - ARABIC

409
LEXICON
English - Arabic
Abbasids,-the l Sb:asy:in
abbreviate (v) xtasr
able, be (v) ni:m ; qdr - qd:
about tqriban - tqribn
above fuq
abroad lxari
absence xiba (f) / /yub
absent, be (v) Tab (i)
accept (v) rda (a) ; qbl
account- hsab (m) / -at
accuse (v) thin
accustomed, be (v) waif
A.D. milady:a
Adam's apple gr~uta (f)
add (v) zad (i)
addition (in addition) awd tani
address cnwan - lwan Tunwan /
c anawin
adjective nit (m) / ntut
administration idara (f) / -t
admire (v) tri:b (b-)
advanced raqi (m)
advise (v) ngh ; ws : a (Ula)
affect (v) bqa (f-); hz: (f-)
afraid, be (of) (v) xaf (a) (un)
African friqi - ifrigi (m)
Africa friqy:a
after bid - mn bSd
after (=behind) mur (before
definite article) - mura
(elsewhere)
after (=behind) w'a

after (conj) bd ma - n bd ma
after tomorrow bT d d:a
again T awd tani
against dd:
age £m
agree (v) qbl
agreement t:lfaq (m) / -at
agreement (written) cqd (m) /
c qud
agricultural filahi (im)
agriculture filaha (f)
Agriculture, Faculty of kul:y:at

lfilaha
airplane ty:ara (f) / -t
airport mataT (m) / -at
Alawites, the l alawy:in
alert, on the Tla bal
Algeria lazair
Algiers laza?ir
alike bhal bhal ; kif kif
alimony nuba (f) / -t
all 1amiT an -. miT
all (=at all) gac
all right ty:b ; wax:a ; watalih
alloy, white, like silver fd:a (f)
Almohades lmuwh:idin
almonds luz (m)
Almoravides 1murabitin
almost tqriban.- tgribn
alms, give (v) sd:q ; zk:a
almsgiving at the end of Ramadan
ftra
along (in addition) binb

410
announce (v) br: $
announce prayers (in a mosque) (v)
wd:n
announcer of the hour of prayer in
a mosque mu?ad:n ~ mwd:n (m) /
-in
answer (v) lawb
any (followed by indef. noun) si
anybody hd: (m)
anyway Sla kul: hal
appear (v) ban (a) ; dhr
appendix ms rana zayda
apple tf:ala (f) / -t ; tf:ah
(coil)
apply (v) tb:q
apricot msiaasa (f) / -t ; msmas
(coil)
April avril - bril -ibril
approximately (about) tqriban -
tqribn
approximately (amount) mqdar
approximately (telling time)
wayh
Arab carabi (m) I /arab ,
carabif :a (f) / -t
Arab World, the d:uwal lzaraby:a
Arabic, classical lfusha (1)
Arabic language, the itaraby:a
Arabicized (educational system)
muir:b
Arafat' araf at (name of a
mountain'east of Mecca where the
Mecca pilgrims spend the ninth
day of the Moslem month
zuahi jja)
arch qus (m) / qwas
arithmetic (mathematics) hsab (m)
/ -at
arm dr (m) / dra c
armpit bat (m) 1 bitan
Army fig (m) / fuyu
arrive (v) wsl
arrive (at) (v) xlt (cla)
art fn: (m) / funun
artichoke quqa (f) / -t , quq
(coll)
artificial silk (material)

sabra (f)
artist fn:an (m) / -a - fn:anin
as (=as soon) aw:1 ma
as (=like) kima
as (when) ml:i
as far as mn Eiht
as for am:a
as soon as rir
ashamed (v) h9m
ashes (cigarette) tfya
Asia asiya
ask (v) sqsa ; s?al ; tlb
ass (=donkey) ih (m) / lhula
associate with (v) xalt
astonish (v) bhd
astonished mbhu4 (m)
astound (v) bhd
at (Fr ' chez') nd
at all (in negative constructions)
gac
at least bl?aql:

411
basin (washing hands) a (m) /
tigan
bath, give a (v) hm:m
bath, take a (v) thm:m
bathroom hm:am (m) / -at
battle qr'Va (f) / grayi
B.C. qbl imilad
be (v) kan (u)
be, no longer (v) matlal
beans, green lubya (f)
beard liya (f) / -t -l. i 1iiy
beat (=hit) (v) <rb
beat (-win) (v) rx1b
beat drum (v) tb:i
because li?an:a . li?n:a ;
cla aq: - Fla ]aq:as ; V1a msb:a;
Via gibal- ; V1a sabab ; Via wd:
Via wd:al ; Via xapr0
because (=since) it
become (v) sbh ; tia (a) ; wl:a
bedroom bit n:Vas
bedsheet izar (m) / izur
beef bgri.. lam dlbgri
beer bir:a (f)
before qbl -qblma
beg (v) s Va (a)
begin (v) bda (a)
beginning bidaya (f) / -t
beggar saVi (m) / suryan .
tl:ab (m) / tlaba ; tl:aba (f) /
-t
begging sVaya
behavior tasar:uf (m) / at
behind (after) mur (before
definite article) . mura

(elsewhere)
Beirut byrut
Belgium bliika
belt (cloth) mdm:a (f) / -t ..
bend (v) hdr ; ana (i)
bend, cause to (v) hd:r
Berber brbari (m)
Berber, the Berbers . 1h (m) /
31uh ; Elga (f) / -t
Berbers, the I:lub
Berber language, the § :lha
believe (v) aan ; ty:q

belonging to (=of) dyal - ntaV
below tht
besides mn rir
best alsn
betray (v) xdT
better absn
between bin - binat
Bible 1?intil .
big kbir (ms) / Ibar
billion mlyar
billy goat trus (m) / Vtars
bird tir (m) / tyur
birth zyada (f)
birth, give (v) wld
birthday s:d milad (m)
birthday feast of the prophet
Vid laulud (m)
bite (v) Td: (u)
bitter (taste) mr: (m) / -in
black khl (m)
blacksmith hd:ad (m) / -a

412
breakfast (v) ftr
breakfast (n) ftur (m)
breakfast, light ftira (f)
breast (female) bz :ula (f) /
bzazl
breeding animals (cattle, sheep)
ksiba
bribe r~wa (f) / r~awi
bride Trusa (f) / Frays
bridegroom iris (m)/ I/rsan
bridge barat (m) / -t ; qntra (f)
/ ganatir qnats
bring (v) 'ab (i)
broken xasr (m)
brother ax: / 2:ut . ixwan
brother, my xay / 2:uti .. xuya /
2:uti
brother, our (our friend) xy:na
brother-in-law (husband's brother)
lus (m) I iwas ..iways
brother-in-law (wife's. brother)
u mrati
brown (complexion) smr
brownish green kamuni
bucket diw (m) / -at ; st1 (m) /
stula'
bugle krnita (f) / -.t
build (v) bna (i)
building binaya (f) / -t
cimara (f) / -t
bum sigut (m) / slagt
burn (i) hrq
burn incense (v) bx:r
burnt, be (v) thrq '
bury (v) dfn

bus kar (m) / kiran
business' url (m) / aural
busy mn ul (m)
but in:ama ; lakinl... akn: .
walakin ..walayn:i
butcher gz:ar (m) / -a
butter zbda (f)
buttermilk lbn (m)
buy (v) Era (i)
by air bllw:
By God wl:ahi
by sea bibhr
cake (Moroccan tea cake ) Yry:ba
(f) I -t , ry:ba .. rrayb
(coll) - ?ry:ba (f) / -t
Trayb . ry:ba (coll)
cake (Moroccan) made with honey
gb:aky:a (f) / -t ; Eb:aky:a
(coil)
calamity musiba (f) / masa?ib
calculate (v) hsb
calf Tl (m) I /iul
calf (of the leg) huta dr: 11;
sag (m) / sigan
call (v) ty:t
caller to prayer (=announcer)
mu?ad:n (m) - mwd:n / -in
camel naga (f) / -t ; Em]l (m) /
Imal
can meat (v) xl: c
can pickles (v) q:d
candle ae snta (f)1/

413
century qn (m) / quuun
certainly (of course) J:ah
yawd:i ; milum
certificate Eahada (f) / -t
certificate (high school)
bakalutya (f)
chair kursi (m) / krasa .. lya
(f) / -t
chairs Tirasa (mp)
chamber (for preparation for the
religious leader [Imam])
mesura (f) / -t
chandelier try:a (f) / -t
change (v) bd:l
charcoal burner (for cooking)
mimr (m) / mlamr
charitable (Nisba) xiry:a (f)
charity sadaqa (f) / -t
charm (=amiulet) h ab (m) / -at
chase (v) tard
cheap rxis (m)
check (v) ql:b
check, a (n) gik (m) / -at
9k: (m) / -at
cheek xd: (m) / xdud
cheese Tbn (m)
cheese, goat Ebn dlmSaz
cheese, imported frumai rumi (m)
cherries hb: lmluk'(m)
chest (body'part) sdr (a) / saur
chick pea hm:sa (f) , hum:us
(coil)
chicken dial (m)
chicken, fried dial mqli (m)
chicken, roasted dial mhm:r (m)

chief ra?is . rays (m) / ruy:as
. ru?asa
chief'(of a village) mqd:m (m) /
-in
child tfl (m) / atfal . tfula
child, new-born trbya / trabi
chin dqn Cm) / dqun . dquna
chin (double chin) ?t:a (f) / -t
chirp (v) rr:d
choose (v) xtar
Christian nsrani (m) / nsara
church Iaat an:sara

churn (milk) (v) * mxd
cigarette gar:u (m)'/ -yat
cinema sinima (f) / -t
cinnamon qrfa (f)
circle or ring (of people) hlqa
(f) / hMaqi
circumcision thara (f) . xtana (f)
city mdina (f) / mudun
civil state bala madany:a
clap (v) kf:ff
class qsm (m) / qs am
clay (baked) bdit
clean (v) nl:f
clean (adj) nqi (m)
clean the teeth (v) sw:k
clever muitahd (m)
clever person, very Sfrit (m) /
Tfart
climb (v) tiT
close (v) sd: .d:
closed msdud (m) - midud (m)

414
consider (v) tabr
constitution dstur (m)
consult (v) tiaw
contest (=game) mubara (f) / -t
continue (v) zad (i)
continue doing something tm:
contract cqd (m) / cqud
contrary ks
converse with (v) 4:akt mia
cook (v) Vbx (m)
cookie, small round. griwia (f) /
-t ; griwi (coll)
cookie (like a gazelle horn filled
with dates, almonds and honey)
k Sb 'zal
cookies Ilawi (mp)
cooking tabx - $bx
cool (v) tbr:d
copper nhas hmT (m)
copy down (v) nsx
copy, a nsxa (f) / -t -.nsaxi
cord qn:ba (f) / -t - qnanb
cordova qurtuba
corn 4;a (f)
corner rukna (f) / r kani -ukna
(f) / Tkani
corner (place) 'ant (f) / gnut
correct bs:ah
correspondence mutasalat
corriander qs1ur (m)
corruption fsad (m)
cost (v) swa (a) tqam (cla)
cotton gnt
cover Yia (f) / -wat ; 'ta /
reawat
cover (for bed or sofa) tlmit /
tlamt
couch (mattress) l Iaf (m) - l4ifa
/ lbayf
count (v) sb
country blad (f) / -at - bldan
country (in contrast to city)
truby:a (f)
court (law) mhkama (f)
courtyard mal. (m) / ubuIa
couscous ksksu (m) sksu (m)
cousin, my (fa br da) but cm:i

cousin, my (fa br so) bn tSm:i
cousin, my (fa br so) wld m:i /
wlad 4m:i
cousin, my (fa si so) wid m:ti /
wiad cm:ti
cousin, my wife's (son of my wife's
paternal uncle) wld Sm: arati
cousin, second (son of my father's
maternal uncle) wid xal T : a
cousin, second (son of my father's
paternal uncle) wid Em: '&:a
cousin, second (son of my maternal
uncle's son) wid wld xali
cousin, second (son of my mother's
maternal aunt) wld xalt 2:i
cousin, second (son of my paternal
uncle's daughter) wid bnt
Sm:ti
cousin, second (son of my paternal
uncle's son) wld wld £m:i
craft snia (f) / snay

415
decency hya (f)
decide (v) sm:m
decoration nq (m) I nqu
defeat (v) hzm
defeat (n) hazima (f)
degree (temperature) darala (f) /
-t
delinquent slgut (m) / slagt
deliver (v) bl: r
demolish (v) rdm
demonstration idrab (m) / -at
deny (v) nkr
depend (on) (v) tkl (cla)
deprive (v) Ihrm
descend (v) hbt ; hw:d ; hdr ;
nzl
describe (v) nT:t ; wsf
description n t (m) / nTut
wsf (m) / wsaf
desert shra (f) I Shari
designs, make (v) zw:q
designs zwaq (m) / -at
desire (=whim) xatr (m)
devil In: (m) / Enun ; Vfrit (m)
/ Sfart
dialect darila (f) / -t ..T1hIa
(f) / -t
dialect, elevated d:arila :aqiya
diaper a baby (v) gm: t
die (v) mat (u)
difference firaq - frq (m) /
furuq ; xtilaf (m) / -at
different mxtalf (m)
difficult, become (v) s b
difficult (adj) s ib (m)

diligent muitahd (m)
diminish (v) qial
dine (v) tts:a
dinner, have (v) tr§:a
dinner Sa (m)
dinner time lvsa
diploma ilaza (f) / -t
direct (v) gw:d
direct (go in the direction of)
(v) wl:h (1-)
direct (=directly) nilan
direction nct (m) / nut

directions, give (v) nt:t
dirham drhm (m) / drahm
dirt wsx (m) / wsax
dirty isws :x (m)
discuss d:akr (4tdakr)
dish tbsil (m) / tbasl
dismiss (v) trd
dismount (v) hw: d ; nzl
distribute (v) fr:q
divide (v) qs:m
divorce (n) ilaq
djellaba il:aba (f) / Elalb
do (v) dar (i) ; sawb ; 'ml
do (something) (v) sw:b
doctor (MD) tbib (m) / ?atib:a
tbiba (f) / -t
document watiqa (f) / wata?iq
dog kib (m) / klab
dog, little kly:b (m) (Dim)
doing dayr
donkey hmar (m) / hmir

416
ear wdn (f) / wdnin
earth and (f)
earth, the lard - 1rd (f)
early bkri
earring xursa (f) / -t xrasi
east rgq
East, the :rq
easy, make (v) sh:1
easy sahl (m) ; ash1 (comparative
- superlative)
easy thing 1ala sahla
eat (v) kia (u)
eat! kul
economics qtigad (m)
educational U1mi (m)
effort mihud (in) / -at
egg biSla (f) / -t ; bid (coil)
eggplant bdniala ; bdnial (coil)
- dniala (f) ; dnIal (coll)
Egypt magT - migra
eight tmnya
eighteen tnta.
eighth (indef) tamn (a) , -a (f)
eighty tmanin
either ima - im: a
either...or... im:a....aw...
in:a ...awl:a... - im:a...wl:a
elbow mrfq (m) / mrafq
elementary btidai (a)
blida?y:a
eleventh (indef) had ~ dal (m)
eliminate (v) zw:1
embassy sifara (f) / -t
embroider (v) tr
employee, government (usually
dressed in a special uniform,
with messenger duties)
mxazni (m) / mxazny:a
empty (v) xwa (i)
empty xawi (m)
end (v) sala (i)
end, come to (v) ntha
enemy Sdu (m) / sdyan - acda?
engaged mxtub (m)
engagement xutba (f)
engineering hndasa -bhndaza (f)

England anglati~r:a
English language lngliza -
lnglizy:a - l?inglizy:a
Englishman nglizi (m)
engrave (v) nqE
enter (v) dxl (kaydxul)
envelope V1af (f) / -at
erase (v) maa - zw:1
errand mq4y:a (f) / -t
escape (from) (v) hrb (mn)
establish (v) as:s:
Europe urup:a .. urub:a
European urup:awi (m) /
urup:awy: in
European (=Christian) nsrani (m)
/ nsara
even ht:a
even if... (=all right) wax:a
evening 25iy:a (f)
every kul:
everybody kul:§i

417
famine qht
famous mihur (m)
far brid (m)
fast (v) sam (u)
father ab: j aba? ; walid
father, my b:a - iwalid dyali
father, the iwalid
father-in-law (my wife's father)
walid mrati
fava bean fula (f) / -t ; ful
(coll)
favor .mil (m)
fear (v) xaf (a)
fear God (v) t:aqa
feast (banquet) zrda (f) / -t -
zradi
feast (=religious celebration) (n)
Tid (m) / Vyad
February fbray
feces xra (f)
few glii (m)
fez trbus 1m (m)
Fez (city of) fas
fifteenth xmsta
fifth (indef) xams (m)
fifty xmsin
fig kmusa (f) / -t ; kmug
(coil)
fight (v) Sk
fight (recip) (v) 4:arb (mTa)
(< tdarb)
fight (n) Vrka (f) / -t
fill up (=satiate) (v) ghm
fill up with food, cause to Eb: c
filled up with food, be (v) EbST

filter (v) sf:a
final niha?i (m)
finally ft:ali
finances maly: a
find (v) iqa (a) ; lab (i) ; Ib;
fine (greeting) labas
finger bc (m) / gb can
finger (index) sb:aba (f) / -t
finish (v) f4:a ; km:l ; sala (i)
finished asali (m)
fire tafya (f)
first aw:l (m) / -in ; aw:la (f)

/ -t - w:1 (m) / -in ; w:la (f)
/ -at
first of all aw:ala au:a
fish huta (f) / -t ;hut (coll)
five xmsa
fix (v) sawb ; sw:b
flee (from) (v) hrb (in)
flood (v) bml
flood imla'(f)
flooded ' haul
flour thin
flower nw:ara (f)~ / nw:ar
flower garden ryad (m) /'-at
fly (v) tar (i '
follow (v)' 'tb ; tb:c
food akl (m) ; imakla (f) ; tram (m)
fool hbil (m) / hbal
foolish hmq (m) / humq
foot r1l(f) / rin
foot (or lower part of hoofed
animal's leg) kr (m) / kwart

418
fruit (also dried fruit) fakiya
(f) / -t . fawakih
fry (v) qla (i)
full camr (m)
fun, make (of) (v) tfl:a la
furnish (v) fr:5s
furnish (also make, e.g. tea) (v)
qam (i)
furnished nfr:9 (m)
furniture fral (m) / at
future mus taqbal.
furture, the lmustaqbal
gain (v) rbh
gamble (v) qm:r
gambler qm: ar (m) / qm:ara
gambling qin (m)
game (=contest) mubara (f) / -t
gang rbata (f) / -t
garden hadiqa (f) / -t ..hadayiq
garden, flowers ryad (m) / -at
garlic tuma (f) ; tum (coll)
gas range (butane) buagaz / -at
gather (v) itamSt
gazelle ?Yzala (f) / -t
gee ! wahli
general s am: (m)
geography i:urrafiy:a (f)
geometry lhndaza (f) .. hndasa
German language 1?almany:a
get drunk (v) skr
get high by excitement (v) Exd
get in touch (with) (v) t:as1 (b-)
get up (v) nad (u) ; qam Cu)
Gibraltar Ebl tariq

gift hdy:a (f) / -t
ginger sknibir
girl, daughter (of) bnt I bnat
give (v) ta (i)
give! (ms) ara
give back (v) rd: (-u-) ; ri :
give more (v) zad (i)
gladly (with great pleasure)
bkul: fara
glass kas (m) / kisan
glitter (v) brg
glorify (God) (v) band

gluttonous mukra. Cm)
go (v) m a (i)
go down (v) hw:d
go off (e. g. car goes off the road)
(v) x;i l a
go on (v) zad (i)
go out (v) xTI (kayxru )
go out, cause to (v) xr:
(kayx :1)
go your own way ! tmo i fhalk
goat mtza (f) I miz
goat cheese Ibn dlmaz
God 1:ah
God knows 1:ah ytlm ..l:ah wlm
God, by wl:ahi
going (auxiliary used before
imperfect form without prefix
/ka-/) radi (m) / radyin
radya (f) / -t
gold dhb (m)
golden dhbi (m)

419
grey rinad~i (in)
grey hair, get (v) Sab (i)
grilled lamb n.wi
grind (v) dgdg . dg : ; hn
ground mnhun (mn)
group rbai~a (f) / -t ; Zamaca (f)
/ -t
guest .if (m) / 4yaf - dyuf
difa (f) I -t
guide (v) gw :d
guide (to the right way) (v)
hda Ci)
gypsum gbs (in)
habit qac ida (f) / qawacid ;
iada (f) / -t
hair § TT(i)
half ns:-
hallway 0 swan (mn) I -at
hand id:_ yd : (f) / -in
handkerchief zif (m) / zyuf
zyuzf a
hang (up) cl:q (cla)
happen (v) tra ; wqSt
happen (it happened) (v) tsab
happiness fr (in) ; s Td (m)
happy, be (v) f - frIh ; s cd
happy frhan frhan (in) ; a
(mn) ; sacid (m) / su cada;
saScd (in)
hardworking rutahd (in)
hashish, use (v) th3%:
hassock strny:a _ strny:a (f) /
stry :at . tr
hat trbul (in) I trab§

hat, woolen tagy: a (f) / -t
twagi
hate (v) krh
have (particle of possession) cad
have to, you xs :k
he huwa
head (=owner) inul (mn) / inalin
S:alin
head ra (in) / ryas
heads m: alin
health sh : a (f)
hiear (v) smT

heart qib Ca) I qiub
heat Cv) sx:n
heat harara (f) ; shd (in)
heaven In: a Cf).
heavy tqil (in)
height £ lw (in)
hello ahin ; ahin wa sahln
s :alanu calikun
help Cv) said ; sawn
help mnusa~ada (f) / -t
help to escape Cv) h;t:b
here, from inn:a
here is, are Za- ; ha
hero basal (mn) I abtal
hide (v) xb :a
high Tali Cm)
high, to get, by excitement (v)
sxd
higher, highest 5culya (f)
highest adla
Hijra, of the hzy:a

420
hundred (one hundred) my:a
hunger zu c (m)
hungry, be (v) Iac (u)
hungry Ii can (m)
human being ins an
humid rtb (m)
humidity ;tuba (f)
hunt (v) sy: d
hurry (v) zrb
husband rail
I ana
ice tl (m)
ice cold mtl: (m)
ice cream laglas (m)
idea bal (m) ; fkra (f) / afkara
nadar (m) ; ra?y (m) / ?ara?
if (possible, probably) ila ;
kun ... (contrary to fact) ;
lukan (contrary to fact) ;
wkun (contrary to fact)
ill, become (v) acrd
immediately fi sac ; flhin
impatient, become tql:q
implement (v) tb:q
impolite, be (v) tbs:l (Cla)
tqb :h
impolite glil ladab (m)
import (v) stwrd
important muhim: (m) ; aham:
(comparative - superlative)
impossible, it is maymknl ;
ml:muhal
impress (v) bqa (f)
improve (v) tas:n
in f- - fi
in-laws (the wife's family) ahli
lmta ; (the husband's family)
ahi r:ail
in-law nsib (m) ; ns iba (f) /
nsab (p) / -at
in a manner bw1ih
in front of gud:am - qud:aa
in labor nfisa (f) / -t
in love marrum (cm)
in order to bas
in spite of bz: mn
in which fai
incense (benzoin) iawi
income murabaIa (f)
indeed fFlan - finl
independent nustaqil: (m)
indicate (v) ty:n
infant trbya / trabi
inform (v) '1m
information nflumat
inhabitant sakn (m) / suk:an
injection ybra - ibra (f) /
ybari ibari
inoperable, become (v) xsr
inquire (v) sqsa ; stxbr
inside daxili (m) (Nisba)' ; daxl
(m) ; d:axil
intelligence daka - daka?
intelligent daki (m)
interior d:axil
international duwali (m)
international relations
lTilaqat d:wly:a

421
kaf tan qftan (m) / qfatn
kaftan (type of dress) dfina (f)
/ dfayn
kebab (made from ground meat)
kfta
keep overnight (v) by:t
Kenitra 1quitra
kerosene bitrul (m) ~gaz (m)
kettle bqraz (m) / bqari - mqral
(m) / mqar l
Khartoum lxartum
kick out (v) 'ira ( la)
kid tfl (m) I atfal. tfula-
kid someone (v) dhk (mca)
kidney kiwa (f) / kiawi
kill (v) - qtl
killer qt:al (m) / -a. -in
kif paste mr~un (m)
kind (sort, type) nu (m) /
nwac - anwus ; kl (m) / alkal
king sltan / slatn -_sultan /
slatn ; malik / muluk
king, be made (v) tns:r .
king, make (v) ns:r
kingdom mealaka (f)'/ -t
kiss (v) bas (u)
kitchen li:ina (f) / -t ku :ina
(f) / -t ; kuzina (f) / -t
knead (v) in
knee rukba (f) / rkabi . rukba
(f) I rkabi
kneel (v) rkt
knife mus (m) / mwas
knock (v) dq: (-u-)

know (v) T1ml
know, let (v) slm (b-)
know (of) trf
knowledge film (m) / Sulum ;
inlumat
known nt ruf (m)
known malum
Koran qur?an (mainly occurring
with the definite article)
Koran, the lqur?an
Koran, the Holy lqur?an lkarim
1
lacking enough salt or sugar
ms :us
ladle (v) rrf -rf
lady lal:a (f) / ial:y:at
lamb (meat) 1hm dlrllmi -xdmi (m)
lamb, grilled lm.wi
lamb, little xruf (m) / xrfan
land ard (f)
language lura (f) / -t
Larache lirayl
larynx quta (f)
last (v) dam (u)
last week 1?usbut Imadi
late, be (v) tit:l
late, cause to be (v) £t:1
laugh (v) dhk
laugh (recip) (v) d:ahk (4 tdahk)
laugh at (v) dhk tia
law qanun (m)~/ qawanin
Law, Faculty of kul:y:at lhquq
lazy kslan (m) ; ms gaz (m)

422
like ki (shortened form of /kima/
or /kif/)
like bhal
likewise kadalik
limit hd: (m) / hdud
linen fIt:an (m)
lining, coat tbtin (m) / tbatn
lip 9arb (m) / 9warb
lipstick, put on (v) £k:r
Lisbon lizbon
listen (v) smi
literary adabi (m)
literature adab (m)
literature, the 1?adab (m)
little qlil (m)
little (also small) r ar - s$YaT
(mp)
little (bit) swy:a
little, a si swy:a
little or small, diminutive form
of/stir/ swr iw (m)
live (v) Tas (Ci)
live (on) (v) tmati
liver (also refers to affection)
kbda (f) / -t
living Tisa (f)
living room bit d:yaf
loan (v) sl: f (1-)
loan (n) tslaf / tsalf
local d:axil
located, be (v) za (i)
locked msdud (m) ~-nsdud
London lun@T
long twil (m)
long ago zaman - zman

look at (v) nT
look for (v) ft:- ql:b
look forward to (v) ntadr -
look like (v) Ebh
loom tns (m) / tnasi
lose (v) 4y: T ; xsr
lose one's mind (v) hbl
losing xasr (m)
loss xasara (f) / -t
lost days (m)
lost, be (v) ?aS (i) ; tlf
lot, a (=much, many) ktir

love (v) aib:
love, one who is completely in
MiurTam (m) / -in
lunch Tda (m) / -wat_
lungs riy:a (f) / -t
lute (musical instrument) Stud (m)
/ tidan
macaroni magarun
mad, get (v) z f
Madagaskar madakaskar
madam sy:da / -t ; lal:a (f) /
lal:y:at
Madrid madrid
magnificent adim (m)
maid mtU1:ma / -t
maid (of a queen) wasifa / -t
majority raliby:a (f)
majority, the 1raliba
make (v) I1 ; 4l
make fun of (v) 4k la
Malaga malaqa

423
meat (ground) lhm mthun
medicine (medication) dwa (in) /
-yat ?adwiya
medicine (science) t:ib: (m)
(def)
meet (v) laqa ; iqa (a) ; gabl
meet (recip) (v) t~awf
meet (with) (v) tiaga (mSa)
Etam
meeting muqabala (f) / -t
Meknes mknas
melon bt:ixa (f) / -t ; bt:ix
(coll)
mention (don't mention) musamaha
menu minu
merchant taIr (m) / tu :ar
mercy, have (v) 3fq
merit (n) fdl (m)
messed up, be (v) tkrfs
messenger, government (see employee,
government) mxazni (m) /
mxazny: a
metal (alloy) white - like silver
fd:a (f)
middle mtws:t ~mutawas:t (m)
middle (e.g. ii the) wt'
Middle East, the 9:rq 1?awst
midwife qabla (f) / -t
military skari (m)
military (pertaining to war)
hrbi (m)
milk (a cow) (v) hlb
milk hib (m)
million milyun
millions mlayn
million, two Eu dimlayn
mind bal (m) ; ql (m) I /qul
minority aqaly: a (f)
mint ntnat (m)
mint, green iqama- ligama (f)
minute daqiqa (f) / -t .. dqayq
mistake for (v) §b:h
mister sy:d / syad - sadat
mix (v) xl:t (b-) (mta)
modern sri'(m)
modesty ya
modifier nct (m) / ncut

Mohammed the Prophet n:abi
molasses isl lhmra (f)
Monday nhar ltnin
money flus (f) ; mal (m) ;
maly:a (f)
monkey qrd (m) / qrud
monkey, little zctut (m) / zTatt
month Thr (m) /Sfur .. Ehura
month of Sliaban (Moslem month)
9 Sban
moon gmra (f)
morals axlaq (f)
more aktr
more, the ... the more mahd: ...
w ...
morning, become (v) sbh
morning sbah (m) / -at
Moroccan marribi ~ marribi
marriby:a marriby:a
Moroccans mrarba - mzarba
mar ariba

424
nail (fingernail) dfr (m) / dfar
naked tryan (m) / -in
name (v) sm:a
name sin (m) smy:a (f) / asma?
smy:at
name, give a (v) sm:a
nape rqba (f) / -t ; qfa (m) /
-wat
napkin mndil (m) / mnadl ; zif
(m) / zyuf - zyufa
narrate (v) hka (i)
nation dula (f) / duwal
native. (homegrown) bldi (m)_ /
bldy:in
natural science t:abi 'y:at (f)
naturally f Sl1n
navel sur:a (f) / -t
near grib (m)
near (=at, by) hda
nearby q'ib (m)
nearly tqriban - tqibn
necessary, be (v) xs:
necessary, it is labd: labd:a
lazim
necessary, it is necessary that you
xs :k
necessary that, it is labd:ma
necessary (measures), the 1:azm
neck (n) Enq (m) / inuq
needle ybra - ibra (f) / ybari -
ibari
neighbor ar (m) / /ian ; -a (f)
/ -t
never abadan abadn

new fdid (m)
news xbr (m) / xba - axbar
newspaper zarida () I /ara?id
next day, the lid:
next to hda
next week 1?usbut aamdi - lusbu S
lmustaqbl
nice (good) mzyan (a) / -in ;
zin (m) / zwinin zwin (m) /
-in
nice looking fmil (m) , Emila (f)
nice person ty:b (m)

night lil (m) / lyali
nine tsta -ts ud
nineteen, nineteenth (indef)
ts tatn
ninety tsTin
ninth (indef) tas S (m) , -a (f)
no la -1:a
no longer be, do, become (v)
matlas
noble descendant of Mohammed the
Prophet irif (m)
noontime d:hur
North Africa samal frigy:a
nose mnxr (m) / mnaxr ; nif (m) /
nyuf
not bad mabiha (f)
not yet mazal
notebook kun:a3 (m) / knans
notebooks knans (mp)
nothing walu
nothing, it's kif walu

425
onion bsla (f) / -t ; bgl (coil)
only ri (shortened form of rir)
open (v) b1:
open mhlul (m)
opinion ra?y (m) / ?ara?
opium Tfyun (m)
opium user ifayni (n) / /Sfayny:a
opposite (contrary, reverse) cks
oppress (v) 41m
oppressed mc.lum
or aw ; awla ; wl:a
orange (fruit) limuna (f) / -t
limun (coil) ; ltiina (f) / -t
ltsin (coil)
orange blossom zhr (m)
orange juice limun mTgu;
orchard inan (m) / -at
orchestra guq (m) / alwaq
order (v) amr
ordinary Sadi (m)
origin asi
ornamentation zwaq (m) / -at
orphan ytim (m)
other a2 (m) / Trin ; Tra (f) /
-t
outside br:a
outside (exterior) xarizi (m)
outside (also abroad) lxariz
Oujda usda
owner mul (m) / mwalin -m:alin
owners m:alin
package baky:a (f) / -t
pain, give (v) c4 : ; w T
pain wiS (m)

paint sbara (f)
palace qsr (m) / qugur
palm kf:a (f) / -t
palm tree nxla (f) / nx1
pancake brrira (f) / -t -prifa
(f) / rayf
paper, a piece of kait (m) /
kwart ; w-qa (f) / wraq
paradise zn:a (f)
parents (relatives) Ibab
parents .walidin
parents, the lwalidin

Paris bariz
part ziha (f) / -t
party (celebration) afla (f) / -t
-. fali
party (political, group) . bizb (m)
/ abzab
parsley imdnus (m)
pass (v) daz (u) ; fat (u)
pass (examination) (v) nzi
pass , cause to (v) dw: z ; fw:t
passer-by xt:ar / xut:a;
past, in the fimadi
pastry alwa (f) / -t - hl awi
pastries Ilawi (mp)
pastry, fried and dipped in honey
mxr:qa (f)
pastry, made with almonds briwa
(f) / -t ; briwat (coil)
pastry, shaped like a ring and
stuffed with nuts klka (f) /
-t - khk (coil)

426
pierce tqb
pilgrim kai: (m) / hu :al
haz:a (f) / -t
pilgrimmage h: (m)
pink hm:si (m)
pious dy:ani (m)
pipe sbsi (m) / sbasa
pipe, small - for smoking kif
sqf (m) / squfa
pistol kabus (m) / kwabs
pitch zft
pitcher rur:af - Yr:af (m) /
rrarf -rarf
pity ifqa (f)
place blasa (f) / -t - blays ;
makan (m) / -at ; mahal (m) /
-at
placenta las
plant nbat (m) / -at
plate bsil (m) / ta1bal ;?ar
(m) / -at - rutrgn ; v;T (m) /
rTura
platter tbsil (m) / tbagl
Ttar (m) / rutran - rar (m) /
-at
play (v) lTb
play (a game) 1b
playing (a game) l b
playing cards (deck of) kart a
plaything mltuba (f) / -t
please (make happy) (v) Tzb
please (to s) J:a yxl:ik ;
un fdlk ; tafak
please (if you would like) ila
iat c la xatrk
please (top) mn fdlkum
please! (take it, go ahead ...)
tfd:l
pleasure, with great cla ;:as
wlS in
plum brquqa (f) / -t ; brquq
(coll)
pocket lib (a) / zyub
poke (v) xw:r
police bulis (m)
police, the s:urta
policeman bulisi (m) / bulis

policy siyasa (f) / -t
politeness adab (a)
politics siyasa (f) / -t
pomegranate m:ana (f) / -t ;
rm:an (coll)
poor askin (m) / isakin - msakn
- musakn
poppy seeds bn: Iman
popular s bi (m)
porter am:al (a) / 1m:ala
Portuguese language lb tqizy:a
position mwqS (m) / mawaqiT
possible, it is ymkn
post office lbarid ; lbusta (Fr)
pot, clay gdra (f) / gdur qdra
(f) / qdur
pot, metal, cooking tantra (f) /
-t tnatr
potatoes' btata (f) / -t ; btata
batata (c11)
pound"(v) dgdg

427
public bath attendant or manager
(male) gl:as (m) / -a
public bath attendant or manager
(female) gl:asa (f) / -t
public bath dressing room glsa
gulsa (f) / -t glasi
pull up (v) ibd
pulpit mnbr (m) / manabir
punish (v) Saqb
pupil timid (m) / tlamd ~ talamid,
tlmida (f) / -t
puppy kly:b (m) (Dim)
purplish red zbibi (m)
put 4t: C-u-)
put on (clothes) (v) lbs
puzzle (v) hy:r
puzzled, become (v) thy:r
quarter (section of a town or city)
huma (f) / -t
question su?al (m) / ?as?ila
question (matter, problem)
ms?ala (f) I masa?il
quickly bz:rba ; drya
quiet, become (v) skt
recognize (v) ctarf (b-)
reconcile, cause to (v) salh
red, become (v) hmar
red hmr
red, purplish zbibi (m)
reed qsba (f) / qsb
refined raqi (m)
registration (civil state) lhal
lmadany:a
reign hd (m) I 'uhud

relation muralaga (f) / -t
relative grib (m) / grab ; griba
(f) / grabat
relatives hbab
relax (v) rtah ; strah ; tsr:h
release (v) t1q
religion din (m) / adyan diyana
(f) / diyanat
religious leader imam (m) / -at
rely (on) (v) tk:l (Cla)
remain (v) bqa (a) ; dl:
remaining baqi
rent (v) kra (i)
rent kra (m) ; lkra (m) (def)
repeat (v) S awd
repose (v) stra.
research bht (m) / abhat
respect (v) htarm
respectable muhtarm
rest (v) rtah ;'ry:h
restaurant mattm (m) mtm ( m) /
ata.m -matatim.
restless mql:q (m)
restroom bit lma
retirement lantrit (Fr)
return (v) r2t
return (something) (v) rd: (-u-) ;
rI:t
return (become) (v) wl:a
reveal (shameful secrets) (v) fdh
revenge, take on (v) ntaqm (in)
reward (v) laza
rib dlva (f) / dlut

428
rob (v) k9:tz
rock h~ra (f) / h.r
Romans -r: umany : in
room bit (in) / byut
rooster fr : ui(mn) / fraz
rosary tsb i1h(mn) its ab1h
rose w!'da (f) / wrd
rose-colored wrdi (in)
rottenness f sad (m)
round (v) dw: r
rude, be tbs :1 (fla) ; tqb :h i(Sia)
rug ;rby :a (f) / ;;abi
ruins (historical monuments)
ata; (3m) / -a~t
run away (from) (v) hrb (inn)
run away, cause to (v) hr :b
rural areas Ula br :a
Russian (language) T: usy :a
sack xn.a (f) / xnagi
sacrifice (religious) Cv) dh :a
sacrifice dbiha (f) / dbay1h
sad hazn (m)
saddle pack brdasta (f) / -t
brad T
safety ?aman
said, what is klam Cm)
saint wali Cm) I awliya
salad 93ada Cf)
sale sla
salt mlIha (f) - ilh Cm)
salt, lacking enough ms :us
same, the kif kif
samovar babur (in) / -at
sand rmla
satiated, be (v) ghm
satiated aghum (m)
Saturday nhar s :b t
sauce mrqa-
save (v) d :axr ( dx
save Cv) (hide) xb :a
say Cv) gal Cu)- qal Cu)
scandal f .i1 a Cf) I tdayIh
scarf z if (in) I zyuf zyufa
scent riIha Cf) / -t -rwaykh
scholar Salim (m) / Sulaa
Sl: ama (m) / Sulaina

scholarship (=grant) imIha (f) /
-t
school m4;as a (f) ; madatis
school (primary) in4ras a b tida?y :a
school (secondary) t : lim
t .: k anai
science (learning) cilm - lm Cm)
/ 'dulum
scientific Vlii(m)
sea big Cm) / blut
search ft:s
seclude oneself for privacy (v)
hbb
second (indef) tansi Cm) , -ya (f)
secondary school t:Udim t :anawi
secret sr : Cm) I asrar
section qsm Cm) I qs am
see Cv) ndr ; saf Cu)
seem Cv) s1hab
seem (appear) Cv) 4ig
s ';lf nfs

429
shoe, slipper (North African)
blra (f) / blari
shoes, ladies irbil (m) / Irabl
shop (v) sw:q
shop hanut (m) / hwant
shopping mqdy:a (f) / -t
short qsir (m)
shorten (v) qs:r
shot (injection) ybra - ibra /
ybari - ibari
shoulder ktf (m) / ktaf
show (v) wr:a
shyness ]ya
sick mri4 (m) / mrad
side inb (m) I /nab
side ziha (f) / -t
sight mn4r (m) / manadt ~ manadir
silent, become (v) skt
silk hrir
silk, artificial (material)
sabra
silly,'be (v) tbs:l (Sla)
silver nuqa
similar bhal baal
sin dnb (m) / dnub dunub
since (because) hit ; ml:i ;
mnin
sing (v) rn:a (i)
sing (=chirp) rr:d
sing (religious) (v) md]
singing ?na
sink (=drown) (v) rrq
sister uxt / xwatat
sister, my uxti - 2ti / wxatati
sister-in-law (husband's sister)

lusa / -t -iways
sister-in-law (my husband's sister)
-uxt raili
sit (down) (v) gls
situation (the) lal
six st:a
sixteenth st:a a
sixth sads
sixty st:in
skin (v) six
skin zld (m)
skin a sheep (v) bt:n

slaughter (v) dbI
slave bd (m) I /bid
sleep (v) nTs
slowly bl:ati
small grir (m) / g-ar - gia;
smart mtw :r (m)
smash (v) hr:s
smell ribaa (f) / -t - rway
smelly (bad) xanz
smile (v) tbs:m
smoke (v) kma (i)
smuggle (v) ht:b
smuggling trafik (Fr)
snake hn (m) I hnu a -mhnas
sniff (v) sty
sniff tobacco (v) nf:h
snow tli (m)
so that (in order to) bat
soap sabun Cm)
soap, toilet sabun dlhm: am
gabun dr:iha

430
spring (season) tbiT (m)
squash gTia (f) / -t ; grc (coil)
stage tur (m) / atwar
stalk (of wheat) snbula (f) /
snab1
stand up (v) qam (u) ; wqf
state (condition) hala (f) / -t
state (e.g. Michigan) wilaya (f)
/ -t
stay (in a place) (v) gls
stay late visiting (v) qs:r
stay up late (v) shr
steal (v) srq ; 5f:r
step xlfa (f) / -t
stew taiin (m)
stick Ta (f) /Tsi
still mazal-
sting (v) £d: (u)
stink (v) xnz
stink, cause to (v) xn:z
stomach kri (f) / krui
stone ]ira (f) / /ir
stop (v) hbs
stop (also stand up) (v) wqf
story akaya (f) / -t ; xrafa (f)
/ xrayf
straight nisan
strain (v) f:a
strange (thing)! ! zuba
stranger b; :ani
strawberry tuta dly4 / tut ].;4
(coil) - tut rumi
street znqa (f) / -t - znaqi
street (alley) drb (m) I druba
string qn:ba (f) / -t qnanb ;

xit (m) / xyut
strong qwi (m) ; aqwa (compara-
tive - superlative)
stuck, get (v) hsl
studying graya
stupid mfl:s (m)
stutter (v) tutu
subject muduT (m) / mawadi S
subject (of study) mad:a (f) /
mawad
succeed (v) nia
success nazah (m)

such as bhal
suck (v) ms: C-u-)
suckle (v) rd£
Sudan s :udan
sugar suk:a; ~0suk:- -sk: Cm)
sugar, lacking enough as:us
suggest (v) qtare
suit (v) wata
sultan slta (m) - ultan (m) /
slain
summary muxtasaz (m) I-at
summer sif (m)
sun, the s:ms (f) - s:mi (f)
Sunday nhar lhd:
sunrise suruq
sunset rurub
sunset prayer lmxrb
supervise (v) raqb
supervision muraqaba (f) / -t
supervisor muraqib (an) / -in
supper £ia (m)

431
teacher muTl:im (m) / -in
muil:ima (f) / -t
teacher, religious (Koranic)
fqih (m) / fuqaha ~ fuqaha?
teapot br:ad (m) / brard
tear (v) sr:g ; q:T
tease (v) tfl:a
tell (v) gal (u) qal (u)
ten csra
ten minutes qsmayn
tend sheep (v) srh
tender, become (v) rtab
tent xima (f) / xyam
tenth (indef) air (m) , -a (f)
tenth day of the Moslem month of
Muharram casura
Tetouan titwan
than (in comparative constructions)
in
thank (v)' kr
thank God lhmdu lil:ah - lhmdu
l1:ah
thanks lukrn - sukran
that (correlative) ma
that (demonstrative) dak (m)
dik (f) ; hadak (m) (demonstra-
tive) ; hadik (f) (demonstrative)
that (nominalizer) bayl:a
that (relative) 1:i
that's all there is had s:i makan
that is it huwa hada (m) ; huwa
hadak (a) ; hiya hadi (f)
hiya hadik (f) ; huma hadu (p)
huma haduk (p)
that with which ba ~

theft srqa (f)
then ad
there tm:a
these hadu
they (m, f) huma
thief Ef:ar (m) / /f:ara ; sr:aq
(m) / sr:aqa
thigh fxi (m) / fxad
thing haza (f) / ]waei
thing (matter), the s::i
think (v) dn: ; fk:r ; xm:m
third (indef) talt (m) , -a (f)

third (fraction) tulut
thirsty, be (v) tti
thirteen, thirteenth (indef)
tit:ag
thirty tlatin
this hada (m) ; hadi (f)
those duk ; haduk
thousand alf
threaten (v) thd:d (Tla)
threaten (someone) (v) hd:d
three tlata
three hundred tit my:a
three thousand tlt alaf
throat (internal) hlq (m) / ]luq
throw away (v) lah (u) ; rma (i)
thrown away, be (v) tla
throw stones at (v) rim
Thursday nhar 1xmis
thus (for this reason) walihada
thus (in this manner) hakdk
tie (v) rbt

432
travelling gafaT (m)
tray siny:a (f) / -t - wani
treasure (v) knz
treasure knz (m) I/knuz
tree szra (f) / szT
tribe qbila (f) / qbayl
trick bila
trip safar (m) ~sfr (m) ~ gafat
(m)
tripe krsa (f) / -t
Tripoli trabls
trouble (v) 5k:;t
trouble hm: (m) / hmum ~-humum
trouble, cause (v) hy:T
troubled, be (v) thy:T
trousers (one pair) srwal (m) /
srawl
truck kamyun (in) / -at
true bs:aa - sahb
true (as in true believer) xals
true, is that ...? sahib
trust (v) taq (i) Cb-) (f-)
ty:q
try (v) hawl ; it:b
truth Iaqiqa (f) ; sdq (m)
Tuesday nhar t:lat -.nhar t:lata
Tunis tuns
Tunisia tuns
Turk turki Cm) - turki
Turkey turkya - turkya
Turkish turki (m) turki
Turks, the latrak
turn (time) nuba (f) / -t
turn around (v) dar (u)
turn over (v) ql:b

turnip Ifta (f) ; ift (coll)
twelfth inas
twelve tna.
twenty irin
twenty-one wahd w33rin
twice nubtayn
twins twam
two zul zui
two days yumayn
two hours saTtayn
two hundred mitayn
two million zui dlmlayn

two thousand alfayn
two weeks ui dlasabiT
two years camayn
uncle, maternal xal / xwal
uncle, my maternal xali / xwali
uncle, paternal m: / /imam
uncle, my paternal Tm:i / / mami
under tit
unclog (v) xw:t
uncovered (for persons) Bryan (m)
/ -in
understand (v) fhm
understand, cause to (v) fh:m
understanding, reach mutual under-
standing (with) (v) tfahim (ma)
unfortunately mac 1?asaf
unite (v) t:ahd
United States of America, the
lwilayat lmut:ahida
unity t:ihad (m)

433
Volubilis walili
vomit (v) r: c
wait (v) sbr
wait! bl:ati
wait for (v) ntadr ; tsn:a
waiter garsun (Fi)
wake someone up (v) fy:q
wake up (v) faq (i)
walk (v) . m~a (i)
walk, make (v) ms:a
walk, take a (v) tml:a ; tsaras
wallet bztam (m) / bzatn
wall hit'(m) / hyut
wallow (v) tr: '
walnuts grga'
wander around (v) tlw:l
want (v) bra (i)
warm (v) sx:n
wash (v) rsl -?sl
wash clothes (v) sb :n ; 4ml
s :abun
wasfierwoman sb:ana (f) / -t
watch magana (f) / maganat
mwagn
watch over (v) hda (i)
water ma
water fountain xus:a (f) / -t
watermelon dl:aha'(f) / -t
dl:ah (coll)
way (mainer) tariqa (f) / -t
way (road) tariq (m) / turgan
we hna
weak,'to become (v) draf
weak (adj) drif (m)

wealth mal (m)
wear (clothes) (v) lbs
wear (necklace) -(v) sf1:q
weather tqs ; 2w: (m)
weather, tfe lDal (m) ; lzw: (m) ;
;:q* (m)
weave (v) nsz
wedding Trs (m) / f rasat - Furs
(m) / rasat
Wednesday nhaT laTbat
week simana (f) / -t ; usbut (m)
/ asabi
week, last 17usbut 1mai
week, next l?usbu liazi -
l?usbu 1mustaqbl
weeks, two zui dl?asabit
weigh (for) (v) wzn (-)
welcome (v) rh:b (b-)
welcome (you are) mr4ba
well (of water) bir (m) / byur
well. (then,...) iwa
well! (well, when...) aran:a
aralna
west' rb
western rtbi (m)
wet rtb (m)
what? (interrogative particle) a;
al
what (is, are)? gnu
what day? nharag
what for? lag
what is said klam (m)
whatever a.im:a

434
wine, rose s : ab : uzi (in)
wine, white s : ab lbyd (m)
wing znah (in) / zwanh
winter stwa
wish (v) tmn: a
wish xa;; (m)
wish, the lxa;r (m)
with me msa
with, by (instrumental) b- bi
without bla
without (con j) b la ma
woman mra / Lyal at
wonderful S aib
wood (plural means 'pieces of wood')
Lud (in) / Swad
wool §uf (m)
word kina Cf) I kl am
work (v) xdm
work suol Cm) / as+al ; xd"&G(f)
/ -t xdami ; T aual (m) I a~mal
world Salam (in)
world, the d:nya (f) , ltalam (in)
worried mql :q Cm)
worry someon~e (v) ql :q
worry bin: Cm) / bmizm- humum
worship (v) Tbd
worth (be) Cv) swa (a)
wrap (v) km:s
wrap up (v) lmn:
write (v) ktb
wrist mcsm Cm) I mrasm
zero sfr / sfura
zipper snsla (f) I -t
zone mntaqa (f) / -t
zoo Tra dl]hayawan

x-ray blaka (f) / -t
year s ana (f) I s anawat snip ;
Tam Cm) / - at
years snip
years, two Tamayn
yellow s C m)
yellow, light s inituh (m)
yellow, pale liM.umi()
yes y: ih
yesterday lbarh
you (is) uti

you ap) utuma
you (ms)M uta ; ntaya
youth dab : (a) I sub: an ; sab :a
Ci) / -t

lolb :/301
XRAYF HA
PART SEVEN
ZIIA STORIES


Moroccan Arabic
437
Text 1
Moroccan Arabic 437 Text 1
Jeha Stories*
ayta
Jeba and the Clay Pots
fta ilqdur
hadlo iba , s if toatuS:u bas ysri lqdur , msa wsra lq dur
wsra bz :arf dlq dur , wmalq as kif a yrf dhum , zaWlu bz:2f
bqa kayflc:r , ky±fk:r snu ydfr , tqbum , wdw:z fihumn xit
Wd : ShUm "3a dbrii wd: ahum id: a r ml: i ws id :ar qal.to 3:u
"was nta hmr ? was rita bn .r aw : a m.k ? lq dur ttqbhum3
dabs Las 'adyin ysihu ? m tlibs hm-al wsafi ?n dazt y:am
wz.a wahd n:haz' qaitbi r:u 'sir azba srili wahd libra . "
e tatu bas ysri ybra . buys tfk; r dak n :bzr 1: i z f at c 1Sib
sra ybra , wbqa kayl :b la bm:al .9 tahalu , uq al:u "bak Ws :2ba
Id: am . m2:i w:lha ld: as, u ru dart ? etatu l'rrd wsafi
This series of Jeha stories ( 1.1 - 1.7) was recorded in the field
in Samar, 1969. The infor rt was a twenty-two year old college
student and a native of Oujda. As mentioned in the Introduction,
minor changes were mde in transcribing the field tapes for
grammtical purposes.

Moroccan Arabic
438
Text I
Moroccan Arabic 438 Text 2.
Vocabulary
xrafa (f) / xayf
zga
qdra (f') / qdur
I2Zi bz:af
Z8h bZ : a.
f'k4r
bqa kay k:r
tqb
tuba (f) / -t tqabi
xit (in) / xyait
hr (m) / dhur
mlu?
miha ?
1as ?
ial (m) I hinala
b aila ()/apt
;bra ibra (f) / ybari ibari
story, tale
a fic ticious humorous
character known in all Vi dr1e
Bastern folk literature
to buy
cl~ay pot
I found it (m.) to be a lot.
He found them to be a lot .
to think
he remained thinking
to pierce, perforate
hole, perf oration
to cause to pass
string
back
W hat is the matter with you r
What is the matter with hum?
What is the matter with her?
For what? What for?
to be good for
to carry, become prgiant,
flood
porter, carrier
pre giant
needle, injection

Moroccan Arabic
439
Text I
Moroccan Arabic 439 Text I
'tatu 1vr
t get ==,
beating
She gave him a
sound beating .
Before listening to the field recording, please notice the
following regional variants. The forms that occured in the tert are
listed first; in parentheses you find variant forms.
salt
gdra
kag
tayfk :r
aran :a
gal
ntaya
ruh
(sift )
(qdra)
(k.ifai)
(1kayfk r)
(ml:i)
(qal)
(nta )
(sir)
to send
clay pot
how
he thinks
wh~en, as for, suppose that
to say
yo (ins)
go ! (imperative)
Questions -'aas'ila
2. W" sira z ,a bz :af Vl-a iwy sa dlqur ?
3. m s i ra z1 a ]qdur , ia dar bas ywil32hum 24:a ?
Z.. as qaltlu u ml:ii wal :;a?
5. m s i ra z1 a lib=a , s dar biha ?
6. s PMhk f4 a ? ( tagl 'intlligent , mfl : ssstupid'
' insanet)

i~
Cta
440
2 ~
~eft
Sal40
Text 1
-.
Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic
440
X"
f-'-3 0 c3 ~ CrL KOO.

Text 1
ciJ~~ 2~~LJ ~ c, ~r~ ~ LJ~5K~ C461

Moroccan Arabic
443.
Text 2
2 Jeaha , His Son , and Their Donkey
fta w: ldu z: dyalhum
hada 11_a kam adi huwa w; ldu'yadyin mnsafr in rakbin f'n
Wahl. Z:Y~S d3Za GUd: amw hd : a &l~S~ 1 SI~, SU
fl; as m=±U m5Wa u 1 badak z : h imskin h ky c ba~h daba
w1as mytms: aws Ala rz2.il~un wyxl :iwh yry~h swy: a ! hum
rata wm21:i fatu)nzlu nn fuq Z:hs , wx'kb zha f~uq z:hs , W:ldta
kaytrs: a qua: a *whum zaydin, dazu q la wad 7 : Ma a a d?2: a s
haduk n : as qailu n b adak r : ail makayhsms widu s'y'i~wa y1 ih3r
yrksb ±fuq :hs ihuwa yta: a el1a zl1I ha : 1 f uq
Z :h Wrkbwldu dazu '1a wmod z a adz.-as xrin qaiu
"Bur had ?lwld hada,lil 1'ada b had lwl d , mz.yxi:i.' b: ah yrkrb
f~uq z~h whuwa ytms: a "la ="-2.Th I;"nwas dar zha ? nz :1 Wldu
wqal : u n ya: 5h * rkbt ana maqb lus f: as , rkbna bzuz maqbiias
rl;.:.s skttaya q 1u n : as "yal :ah nhz 3uh -ela ktafna .r
irhadak i li daru . hz :u z :h~s'la ktaf'hu b u , wzaw daxlin
Iwad lmdina~ dazl.in lmdina un: as kaydbku "lihum .
Vocabulary
rkb to m mt
zh (in) / zhusa ass


Moroccan Arabic
442
Text 2
dazu Q d: 2m Wahd Z : ma2c a &: as
2ina ~(f) / -t
.si (m)) / ms- -irn zsak
tmns: a
s-yiwr (i) / s~iwrn
sriwra(f 1/ sriwrat
loadab
qii 3 adab
qbl
dbk (tla)
3 fq
Ab Cin a)
Thiey passed by a group of people.o
Poor
to torture
to w .lk
to rest
to be ashamed
dizutive of s~r 'little,
small t
politeness, min nrs . literature
iipo te (of little nncrs)
to accept, agree
to carry
to entVer
to laiu (at.) 2 ock3, mke funof
to have pity
to kid someone
Before listening to the field recording, please notice the
following regional differences:
gad: as (qud: an;
ntari , n tas'k, ntau , etc.

in front of
of, bel on3ging to
Notice that the same informant uses /ka-/ prefix in /kar d :buki/ ' they
torture him= . is the previous story he used /ta.-/ prefix in /tayfl :r/

Moroccan Arabic
443
Text 2
'he thinks'. He also uses /mlJ:i/ 'wfren't In addition, note that
the same inf'ormant varies in the use of~ /ntat/ 'of' and Id-I o'
W~hen asked whether he used /dyal/ ' of , he answered in the af'firmative.
Questions - Qas'ila
1.
2.
3.
..
6.
7.
layn k1n 'adi ia W: Wldu ?
mau qalu fl: as ml2si 6afu za w:2du kbin biu~hum ezi;7i ?
'siu dar ianm btd ?
as qalu~hum Z :mat: anya du: as ?
anu qalu n :as m:i afu mb a kaytmm: a 'bia rziih Wdldu ;akb
fuq z ~ ?
a4wa cniu n:as ali m ifu Z a Wldtl ?8din Z :1;sdyaihtm ?
am 4bqicm Thad 1stai - "l; i ytbv kla n l: as maymb; fayn
***

"
if5
r
SA*A
LO'
1r 1 q
Lk 0(1
GO II 1
%DOWI

Moroccan Arabic
445
Text 3
Jeha f'rom Morocco and Jeha from Algeria
fta nta layib 'wzba ntas lzaza'r
hada z1 a ntat 1l yib ;d 'la fta ntae lzaz'ir bas yt v s:a
ndu arafl~a asidi whua galsin zabuh t : cam . zha ntat
imarib dar 1.m mxzihtu z] a ntat 1lzaza'fr bqa kaysIxf
kaysuf , kaysuf , gal "kifas radi ndir bas nakiil hadak 3.:3m ; t
gr'an; a zatu wahd 1i±kr aa l lha ntat lm1rib - gal:u - Ru
kar in mt ana s idi rb ;i , Tadi n gbd ird kim ha kda , wn4w:;h2.
wgbd t :bsii WdW: r l:bm Umzihtu . Zha ntae lmib gal:ii
nalayn: i nta druk msi sidi rb; i ,i:Ea Xl; i d~nya kim rabil?
WdW: r t:bsii W1 d.: l:bm n= ihtu
0.. 0
Vocabulary
Od(cie)
l aza'ir
a~al:a
t: yam
2iha ( f) f -t
lukar w k* 3c
to invite
Algeria
to have dinner
here ; ftwei2Y1
food; here: couscous
side
if (ipassible) , contrary to
fact

Moroccan Arabic
446
Text 3
lukai kun tana
luksn Ii~nt-i n to
lu1kan k an huwa
luk5m-w an-a bn a
"lukan kanu endi j mlayn a nxdm meardm
gbd ~qbd .,qbt~
ird
dW: s
druk
C.:fya ~d:Ltny
kim rahi ki=. hi ya
rd: -.u-)
if I were
if Y=u were
jwe were
If I were a millionaire, I
would never work. (a song)
to demolish
to hold
the eart _ ,the world.)
to roun ,tur~n
nog:
th word
as it is
to return
Conditional Sentences with /ila/ 'if (possible, probable )' and /kum/,
/lukan/ , and /wkan/ "if (ipossible, contrary to fact)",. (on tape)
1. ila eta ri 1f2,us $ adi nmsi n sri ta:imbil
If he gives me money, I =ll buy the car.
mensi s
If it rains, I will not go to the movies .
3.* ila b'riti tmasi Thaik , _ bai daba.

If you want to go, just tell me.


Moroccan Arabic
447
Text 3
Moroccan2Aabisc 447l Taie=xs: ty tvt-t3i
If' you have a sick child, you should call a doctor.
~.ila k rnu di = Plus . lv: sh i manbqa bra qsmayn dlrg na
If~ I had money, I would not stay here f~or more than
ten minutes.
6. wkan P. Iran rani. mit
Had he come, I would have left,
7. wkan Iran "m .:i2.t: i.ifr, kit mi t 'Tdu
Had he phoned me, I would have gone tohis place.
8. wkan Imzn: a mina bfri , k~n a tlaq ina mr ah tm a .
Had we lef't early, we would have met him there.
9. lulum za bkri ken had s i gat' metra .
Had he come early, this would not have happened.
10. kizn kw t mat 11bl is : kena a'wnua bZ: of
Had she gone to the police, they would have helped her a lot.
11. luknm if tu , 2nkrm e~itu 1b'a .
If~ I had seen him, I would have given him the letter.
12. 1u. n a , ken ra nacs mma rasu
Had he been here, he would have been asleep.
13. ila za dabs , nmiiw z
If he comes now, we'll1 all leave together.
1I.. luke aikznt ensa , mnmi s asidi
If it were me, I would not go.


Moroccan Arabic
448
Text 3
2. uku kr : a ii a b1r i an rah n a vs2n a .
If~ we had lef~t early, we would have been there now.
Bu a e n a r a k ?'. e a qa -. ad she been here, he would have discussed this matter with her.
Questions - 'as'pila
1. tlas end ia d3 aib ela zba d1iaza'ir ?
2. as dar z 1a d~my±b ml .i ±ab alhum t: Paz?
3. sziu qal z a dlzaza~ir , vas=m des?
Li.. snu dar Z1aa dZm. ib fl'axir ?
5. au k f3 , *1 *ib *
/J --.
won
~~362 r- /
cv 00
~ L~' ~ (CpA fc~v J
&~-,- . ~ - yJ ~2~- ~low3X
Not e
* "9) J1

Moroccan Arabic
449
Text 4
4 The Age of Jeba's Uncle
iha wtm :u
hada whcl s:Y: d. z2' end ha q. m~r: : " du tiya
1;-1 t ~i eam La+: u zha TkiIf alu tiypwts' in ram . ~'em: j
u mrah ead eayS 3ki r ldu m:3 wtsr'i r L n .
Vocabulary
kif wa~u it is nothing (i. e. , t
r tryimmr ssive )
lukan rah ead v ays if' he were alive
ctistion snal
'awd~na 1q9:sa dyal z 1a wm.-u
A ""

Moroccan Arabic
450
Text 5
Moroccan Arabic 450 Text S
Jeha and the Dnkeys
Eta wJ1i ir
Ibada iha d : a s Trad~hm . d: ahUm bas yb i hum d: ahum 2.s :Uq
whuwa kan' rakb fu, iahd ibr wt sea .&.'-mir 1in qui: am=2
mgw: dhun. hirwa k ;tsb 2 .mir kayiqa tsea , ='1a xatl huwa kain
Takb fuq wai Thmrr likywd mmifu lbhmr 1 i ]ai rakb
fucu, 1ayhtsb r ra. kayt1v fuq wbas, kayhsb ts~'a. kayhw: d
fuq Thets?, kay s r qal "kifas had lqa y: a hadi ? vyIi
iqa ahd s~y: d w' aTl 154y: a qal:u he kifas ha ki±fa
q al.-u "I X; ik sb daba suf s hat kayo b z' ?" hada~kS:y: d
qa : u" awd: i a aani sayf bna Midas dl1~sir~
Vocabulary
eta x atr
liv: d
qady: a (.f) m-t
bka (i)
ha. kiias wha kiT as
to direct, to guide
because
to di smotmt, descend
problem, matter
it is impossibl e, it cat'=t be
to narrate
this and that (her'e: he told
himn the story)


A Im It
Questions - asE'ila
2. MI: i kay~sb imr whuwa rakb V1a wa~d , stea1lkayiqa?
3. Wm: i kyhw: d , s ~1 kayiqa ?
1 sn~u qs.1 41a mwa asu ?
50 mu gqa.: u hadak E:y: d m1: i tawd2.u 1q: a dyalu ?
6.0 siu lbrk fz.a?
1 c1 J-
)P~LloY,
49- t2) f
. s "-~
44 N ~X2r

Moroccan Arabic
452
Text 6
6 Jeha and the Ducks
Eta wlbr1kat
bada zha rndu wahd. zaru, wka= hadak z :ax sndu sra
dlbrkat whadak z :ar bya ysfr qal 1ha "was =.tz :a
tqbt-hua2i vndk wt44ihuzn whadak s: ?" gal :u i3a 'a: a asidi
< la r: as Wrin n wax: a , h kz:a s af~zabaky
f'bkt, kay umkaysLL±hu. iwa ivylbuh znmau, dbh whda wklaha .
sayf iz ts'~a * finha bhiya badik ? gal: u "asidi bad s:
1-.i kayn . rir tsta 1: i kayn .2 bqaw hakdak,hskdak,lht: a ft: ali
f ms w "nd iqadi .maw rnd lcqadi wfh3 mlu lqady: a whadak s :i
wlqSadi qa1 :u" aiua fin cwt' 1ia ?" q al :u " asidi iqadi had
s: i 1: i kayn . kayo, yir ts ca dlbrkat ." iqadi fkq r fw5hd
Tila qal 'rad~i nib sra d azy: a , Wm1; i nf f rlbflt, kill :
wahd yqbe. brka . wvadi ybqa wahd bla brka . wtm a zba ya di
yibm bl : i Yz: brka . dare hadak s: . wml :i bqa wahd 3 =a=i
bla b ka, bqa ga'd bwhdu . qal~iu lqa&i l3a a "ha nta kat~f ,
ha huwa badak mandu i1brka". qala:u "asi di ha hm kanu tm a ,
'las fzw :I. mymsi s yzi ht :a huwa Sp yd: i wbda ?"


Moroccan Arabic
453
Text 6.
Vocabulary
brk (if) /-t
la r: as ,.71in
A.2b
ZS:bCm) /un
hakdak
ft: ali
q ad~i (mn) / qudea
:mni(i) / ay:a
linxzn
sf :r
hila
duck
to be able to
to watCh over
with great pl.easure
to- beat, conquer
demon., j in
he could not resist
to slaughter
thus
'inalJ y
judge
governmnit employee, usually
unuiformned, having messenger
duties
government administration,
authorities
to whistle
trick
Questions - 'sa'ils
3. a~s dsz fa ml~i 'rlbuh intmu ?

ii.. axu b; =l lb;ka~t ml: i rz 1ms:fr dyalu ?
50.s au dwailqac i m:i miaw ledu ?
6. wai qdr lqa4i y1: luikila awl :aa ? 9 eaS ?
***

C -r
J JI
Moroccan Arabic45
Text 6
cow,) J W a "e " ") -~4#


Moroccan Arabic
455
Text 7
7 Jeba from Ou da and Jeha from Fez
Yha duida w &a dIfas
h ada z1ia duz da , sn d d'ry: s wb'ra yh s :lu iwa n :as
w'Iatu i3a bz:Sf . wzha duida bdalhum qa l:hum R kun huwa 1: i
day!! kiat 2liar ndu 1" inira i? re in 2. w: drin T.r wdnin
Ibmar w: , * r bIhs, zi
rzlin 31-4 , ws :naz i ? msnau 1bmr, -t if yTinif 3I im' ,
'R wzWal T 4a2 42ha z , : vi msi k i~hmz, irfhaza
'r hit bada "ndu in:ah , !-.~m ytir.' n: as asidi bqaw yfk3aL
ym ru wahd yqul:u bzdi t:y r wahd yqul: u Z :aw . w
wahd as kayq~u:u I ht ~a kay ~u . kui1:hum hslu,w dfas h$3 ,
wkul: ii hamn, uqaluin qulhala, daba mtsrf aha . qal:hum iba
du da 'm hadak buwa 2bzm * q alulu "walaynt: i 2bmr was i tdu
si nah g allium sma drt i1:n1h Tir bas mt zini tlia wsafi,
bas mttz'czai.
Vocabulary
bal to get trapped, get stuck,
be cau*it up
h.S:l to catch, capture,: trap
ztamt to gather, meet (with)
'ir here: likefi
aw: al (a) / SWawi tail


Moroccan Arabic
456
Text 7
Moroccau Arabic 456 Text 7
"yit hit
zaws in)j/ WaWS -Z C'z
qustions - 'as'ila".
1. r i n MISS 2 d u dc. bas .. qa m em
2. tawd2na as qal 2'1a duzda 2n as ?
3. Was qdrti n;as yzawbuhWl: a la ?
40 . m kan lmmwb dza duizda ?
1avir~; except for, xcept that
wing
Sp alTor
to go out , to leave~
to let soineoiz down, break
oriv'S Wordi, go Off(:;ga
car goes off t z. road)
i;Wa Afar 40
cps
zl
dlbP
long :tp
ffoo --
A 10
l v
. . ..+ fit' .?r.. Lr" ' t .t.. , ..
4L 41b
40
i ds .9J JJ ,,

457
INDEX
/?/, 13
/a/, 23
Ia-/, 374
aches, 311
adjectives: 41, 351, 363 (See
Modifiers)
color, 351
comparative, superlative, 233
defect, 351
adverbs, 351
affix, 351
Afro-Asiatic, 351
age, 89, 247
ago, 293
alike, 299
allomorph, 351
allophones: 352, 367
vowelss, 23
alveolar, 6, 10
alveolar ridge, 2, 3
alveopalatal, 6, 10
apex, 2, 3
Arabic, 352
article:
definite, 41, 356
indefinite, 361
articulation:
manner, 4, 10
place, 4, 6, 10
articulators, 2
ara, 152
asing directions, 180ff
aspect: 352
auxiliaries, 353
aspiration, 9, 352
assimilation, 44, 265, 353
at all, 245
auxiliaries, 353
back-velar, 6, 10
base form, 353
basic noun, 354
bag, 204
bayI:a, 232
bda, 353
Berber, 354
bhal, 245
bhal bhal, 299
bilabial, 6, 10
biradicals:
imperfect, 161
stem, 354
verbs, 149
blade, of tongue, 2, 3
body parts, 308
bqa, 353
broken plurals, 354
buying, 66
bra, 353
can't, 260
cardinal numerals: 318
11 - 19, 104
.19, 132
character, noun, 364
clusters, consonant, 356
collective noun, 354
colors, 94
comparatives, 233, 355

458
doubled verbs: 149, 358
imperfect, 161
doubling, 109
dual, 90, 358
durative, 360
dyal, 97, 99
either...or, 233
emphasis, 5, 7, 8, 11, 19
emphatic, 359
equational sentences, 41, 52, 53,
55, 59, 61, 93
ever, 247
excellent, 293
exhortative particle, 359
exhortatives, 173ff, 361
/e/, 27
feminine, 42, 50
final weak imperfect, 160
final weak verbs: 140, 141, 142,
359
.Form II, 146
flap, 10
flat, 359
flatness, 19
Form II: 108, 109, 112
medial weak imperfect, 161
forms, 112, 354
fortis, 9
fractions, 84
frequentative form, 360
frequentative particle, 157ff,
360
fricative, 10
from now, 265
fruits, 69
future, 164, 264, 360, 361
glottal, 6, 10
glottal stop, 10
glottis, 2
grains, 69
grapheme, 360
greetings, 186ff
grocery items, 69
/h/, 13
ha, 53, 314, 367
had, _60, 62
had si makan, 245

hada, 60
hadak, 60
hadi + time, 293
hak, 315
Eere, 314fff
hortatory, 173ff
human body, 308
/h/, 17
/i/, 25
im:a...aw, 233
imperatives: 117, 128, 138, 141,
152, 173ff
negative, 361
imperfects, 156, 157, 159ff, 360
impossibility, 246, 260, 286
indefinite article, 361
indefinite pronoun, 361
infinitive, 176
inflection, 361
interchange of phonemes, 32
interrogative particles, 362

459
morpheme boundary, 363
morphophoneme, 363
mia, 152, 264
names, 78
nasal, 10
nasal cavity, 2
necessary, 204, 246
need not, 315
negatives: 364
imperfect, 165
negative morpheme, 96
never, 247
Nisba, 158, 364
nothing, 264
nouns: 41, 50, 365
basic, 354
broken plural, 354
character, 364
collective, 354
derived, 357
nisba, 364
of unity, 69
profession, 364
sound plural, 370
verbal, 207, 362, 374
number, 50
numerals: 315
cardinal: 318
1 -10: 67
shortened form, 90
11-19, 104
.19, 132
ordinal, 218
one, 67
optative 173ff, 361, 365, 366

oral cavity, 2
ordinal numerals, 318
or-gans of speech, 2, 3
pains, 311
palatal, 6, 10
palate:
hard, 2
soft, 2
participles, 204, 365
particles: 365
correlative, 356
exhortative, 359
frequentative, 360
interrogative, 362
isolating, 362
negative, 364
presentational, 367
reinforcing, 369
vocative, 374
pattern, 366, 370
perfect, 366
pharyngeal, 6, 10
pharynx, 2, 3
phoneme, 366
phoneme interchange, 32
plurals: 367
broken, 354
feminine, 50
masculine, SO
sound, 370
possession, 97, 99
possibility, 286
prepositions, 367

460
sun letters, 44
superlatives, 233
syllable, 19
saft , 152
sift, 152
si, 361
sun, 255
snu, 255
tense: 9, 352
auxiliaries, 353
tenseness, 9, 22, 371
that, 232, 304
that is it, 245
time, 82
to, 176
tongue, 2, 22
trachea, 2
transcription, 9, 20
transition, 27
triradical stem, 371
triradical verb, 105
two, 68
/u/, 26
used to, 286
uvula, 2, 3
uvular, 6, 10
vegetables, 69
velar, 6, 10
velarization, 19
velarized, 359
velum, 2, 3
verbal nouns, 207, 362, 374
verbal sentence, 106, 107
verbs: 371
biradical, 149
doubled, 358
final weak: 359
Form II, 146
imperfect, 160
Form II: 108, 109, 112
medial weak, 145
Forms II - X, 122, 129
medial weak: 362
Form II imperfect, 161
imperfect, 160
imperfect, 156, 157, 159ff
participles, 204ff
quadriliteral, 147, 369
reduplicative, 369
sound, 107
triradical, 105
weak, 375
vocal cords, 2, 3
vocal folds, 2
vocalic transition, 27
vocative particle, 374
voicing, 5, 11
vowels: 22
short, 27
vowel allophones, 23
wad, 67
walu, 219
Was 603, 246
weak verbs: 375
biradical, 149
final, 140 , 141, 142, 359
medial, 138
week, 85

PUBLICATIONS OF THE
- CENTER FOR NEAR EASTERN AND NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
EGYPTIAN ARABIC
An Introduction to Egyptian Arabic
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. Sixth Printing 1981.
405 pp.
A Comprehensive Study of Egyptian Arabic, Volume I:
Conversations, Cultural Texts, Sociolinguistic Notes.
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH, A. FATHY BAHIG, EL-SAID
BADAWI, and CAROLYN KILLEAN. 1976. (Second
Revised Edition 1978) . 454 pp.
A Comprehensive Study of Egyptian Arabic, Volume II:
Proverbs and Metaphoric Expressions.
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH, EL-SAID BADAWI, ZAKI N.
ABDEL-MALEK and ERNEST N. McCARUS. 1978 (Preliminary
Edition). 396 pp.
A Comprehensive Study of Egyptian Arabic, Volume III:
A Reference Grammar of Egyptian Arabic.
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH, ZAKI ABDEL-MALEK, EL-SAID
BADAWI and ERNEST N. McCARUJS. 1978 (Preliminary
Edition). 337 pp.
A Comprehensive Study of Egyptian Arabic, Volume IV:
Lexicon. Part I: Egyptian Arabic - English; Part II:
English - Egyptian Arabic
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH, EL-SAID M. BADAWI, ZAKI N.
ABDEL-MA.LEK and ERNEST N. McCarus.. 1979 (Preliminary
Edition). 494 pp.
MOROCCAN ARABIC
An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. Revised Edition 1982.
460 pp.
Advanced Moroccan Arabic
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. 1974. 244 pp.
PAN-ARABIC
A Sample Lexicon of Pan-Arabic

By ERNEST T ABDEL-MASSIH. 1976. (Second
Printing 1980.) 157 pp.


BERBER (TAMAZIGHT)
A Course in Spoken Tamazight: Middle Atlas Berber
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. 1971. 456 pp.
A Reference Grammar of Tamazight: Middle Atlas Berber
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. 1971. 322 pp. plus introduction.
A Computerized Lexicon of Tamazight (Berber Dialect
of Ayt Seghrouchen)
By ERNEST T. ABDEL-MASSIH. 1971. 397 pp. plus introduction.
GENERAL NEAR EAST
Afghanistan: Some New Approaches
Edited by GEORGE GRASSMUCK and LUDWIG W. ADAMEC
with FRANCES IRWIN. 1969. 405 pp.
Preliminary Index of Shah-Nameh Illustrations
Compiled by JILL NORGREN and EDWARD DAVIS, with an
Introduction by OLEG GRABAR. 1969. 477 pp.



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An introduction to Moroccan Arabic [by] Ernest T. Abdel-Massih.

This work is protected by copyright law (which includes

eee 1t" eSc~d1t lft6 ory4*mStde4

Published in 2011 by MPublishing

University of Michigan Library

©1973 Ernest T. Abdel-Massih

This volume is reprinted from the 1982 revised edition by arrangement

Permission is required to reproduce material from this title in other

publications, coursepacks, electronic products, and other media.

Please send permission requests to:

919 South University

Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Tapes accompanying this textbook may be ordered from the

University of Michigan Language Resource Center

1195 North Quad

105 S. State Street

Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1285

The preparation of this volume was initiated and supported

by the University of Michigan Center for Near Eastern and North

African Studies as part of its general program of research and

training on the languages and cultures of North Africa. A

number of studies in anthropology, history, and political science

have appeared and others are in preparation, as well as a complete

course in Middle Atlas Berber.

We are indebted to the Ford Foundation for the grants to

ful for the assistance of the people and government of Morocco

to our faculty and students.

of Moroccan Arabic in modern universities are prospective field

researchers in the social sciences, or linguists with special .interest

in the field of Arabic dialectology. To assure interest among such

users of this book, maintenance of a .level of linguistic and cultural

contact commensurate with their background and ability was felt to be

of great importance. With such considerations in mind, overly repetitive

sentences and sentence patterns .have been avoided.

This study was originally the product of a research project sponsored

of Michigan. Following .preliminary .research in Ann Arbor, a variety of

field materials was collected during the summer of 1969, in preparation

of Fez. This work resulted in the .publication of A Course in Moroccan

expansion of the units of the above-mentioned book.

on tapes and should be studied in order.

Part One, "Phonology", consists of detailed explanations

of the phonological system of Moroccan Arabic, and twenty pronun-

ciation drills to acquaint the student with the system of trans-

cription employed here. This system is in striking contrast to other

systems of transcription used for Moroccan Arabic, particularly with

respect to tense consonants, short vowels, phonological structure of

can be achieved by repetition of the pronunciation drills with the help

of the language laboratory tapes.

essential grammar of Moroccan Arabic. Part Three, "Conversations", is

comprised of ten units that introduce dialogues varying in length and

structural complexity with explanations of new grammatical points. The

conversations are designed to serve as an introduction to Moroccan

culture as well as reinforcing the basic patterns of the dialect.

Part Four, Appendix A, consists of twenty-four verb tables. Part Five,

Appendix B, the "Glossary of Technical and Grammatical Terminology",

presents, in a simple and concise manner, most of the terminology and

grammatical information that a .student of Moroccan Arabic will encounter

in using the language. It is hoped that it serves as a brief reference

grammar of the language. Part Six, "Lexica": Arabic-English and English-

African Studies, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1973.

It is worth mentioning here that the .Advanced .Moroccan Arabic is entirely

based on this volume. It contains thirty-eight texts which are adapta-

tions of field tapes and serve as an introduction to Moroccan ethnology,