Seismic (MS EN 1998-1:2015)

Ground Clause 3.1.2 Identification of ground types

types (1) Ground types A, B, C, D, and E, described by the stratigraphic profiles and parameters given in Table
3.1: Ground types

Parameters Clause 3.2.2.2 Horizontal elastic response spectrum

S, TB, TC, TD (2)P The values of the periods TB, TC and TD and of the soil factor S describing the shape of the elastic
defining response spectrum depend upon the Clause 3.2.2.2
shape ground type.
of horizontal NOTE 1 The values to be ascribed to TB, TC, TD and S for each ground type and type (shape) of spectrum to be used in a country
elastic may be found in its National Annex.
response MS EN 1998-1:2015 (NATIONAL ANNEX:2017)
spectra. Table N.A.1. Malaysia values for nationally determined parameters described in MS EN 1998-1:2015
(continued)

Seismic Clause 3.2 Seismic Action

Action Clause 3.2.4 Combinations of the seismic action with other actions
 Clause 4.2 Characteristics of Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Clause 4.2.4 Combination coefficient for variable actions

Methods of Clause 4.3.3 Methods of analysis

analysis

Clause 4.3.3.2 Lateral force method of analysis

Clause 4.3.3.3 Modal response spectrum analysis
Clause 4.3.3.4.2 Non-linear static (pushover) analysis
Clause 4.3.3.4.3 Non-linear time-history analysis
Vertical 4.3.3.5.2 Vertical component of the seismic action
component
of the
seismic
action

Design Clause 5.2 Design Concepts

Concepts Clause 5.2.1 Energy dissipation capacity and ductility classes
Clause 5.2.2 Structural types and behaviour factors
 Clause 5.2.2.1 Structural types
(1)P Concrete buildings shall be classified into one of the following structural types (see 5.1.2) according to
their behaviour under horizontal seismic actions:
a) frame system;
b) dual system (frame or wall equivalent);
c) ductile wall system (coupled or uncoupled);
d) system of large lightly reinforced walls;
e) inverted pendulum system;
f) torsionally flexible system
Clause 5.2.2.2 Behaviour factors for horizontal seismic actions

Clause 5.2.3 Design criteria

Clause 5.2.3.1 General
Clause 5.2.3.2 Local resistance condition
Clause 5.2.3.3 Capacity design rule
Clause 5.2.3.4 Local ductility condition
Clause 5.2.3.5 Structural redundancy
Clause 5.2.3.6 Secondary seismic members and resistances
Clause 5.2.3.7 Specific additional measures
Material Clause 5.4 Design for DCM
requirements Clause 5.4.1 Geometrical constraints and materials
Clause 5.4.1.1 Material requirements
(1)P Concrete of a class lower than C 16/20 shall not be used in primary seismic elements.

(2)P With the exceptions of closed stirrups and cross-ties, only ribbed bars shall be used as reinforcing steel
in critical regions of primary seismic elements.

(3)P In critical regions of primary seismic elements reinforcing steel of class B or C in EN 1992-1-1:2004,
Table C.1 shall be used.
 MS EN 1992-1-1:2010 | Clause C.1 (1) | Table C.1 : Properties of reinforcement

(4)P Welded wire meshes may be used, if they meet the requirements in (2)P and (3)P of this subclause.
Geometrical Clause 5.4 Design for DCM
constraints Clause 5.4.1 Geometrical constraints and materials
Clause 5.4.1.2 Geometrical constraints
Clause 5.4.1.2.1 Beams

Clause 5.4.1.2.2 Columns

Clause 4.4.2.2 Resistance condition

 Clause 5.4.1.2.3 Ductile Wall

Clause 5.4.1.2.5 Specific rules for beams supporting discontinued vertical elements

Design Clause 5.4 Design for DCM

action Clause 5.4.2 Design action effects
effects Clause 5.4.2.2 Beams
Clause 5.4.2.3 Columns
ULS Clause 5.4.3 ULS verifications and detailing
verifications Clause 5.4.3 ULS verifications and detailing
and detailing Clause 5.4.3.1 Beams
Clause 5.4.3.2 Columns
Clause 5.4.3.3 Beam-column joints

Clause 5.4.3.4 Ductile Walls

Clause 5.4.3.5 Large lightly reinforced walls
Design and Clause 5.7 Design and detailing of secondary seismic elements
detailing of
secondary
seismic
elements

Concrete Clause 5.10 Provisions for concrete diaphragms

diaphragms
 The ties are evenly spaced along the full height of the column. The term stirrups are used to define the transverse
reinforcement provided in beams where the primary mode of load transfer is through bending and shear.
A confinement zone in a column is a region where you require a smaller spacing of stirrups for higher ductility
Longitudinal reinforcement is used mainly for tensile or compressive stresses, while transverse reinforcement is used
for shear stresses in beams. Longitudinal reinforcement also known as main reinforcement while transverse reinforcement
known as shear reinforcement

Seismic detailing according to ACI 318

- Difference detailing with EC2
- Very detail
- UBC 91

Longitudinal reinforcement
Main reinforcement

Transverse reinforcement
Shear reinforcement
(in column) hoops / cross ties / tie bars
(in beam) links / stirrups

EC2 9.5 Columns 9.10 Tying systems 9.2 Beams 9.6 Walls