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means disasters are only the result of these natural hazards. The gravity
of these hazards lead them to decide on how they will live their lives. In
these hazards or make them more resilient to them. Thus, making good
choices is very important, for making good choices will prevent natural
to its geographical location that is in a typhoon belt and the Pacific Ring of
Fire. In the last 20 years, disasters have already killed over 31 thousand
National Red Cross (PNRC, n.d.). Although earthquakes, like the 1990
Luzon earthquake and volcanic eruptions, like the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo
eruption rarely occur, typhoons are the most common natural hazard the
year. Notable typhoons that devastated the country for the last 10 years
are super typhoons Ondoy in 2009, Pablo in 2012, and Yolanda in 2013,
all of which affected extensive land areas but most intensely areas at the
coast. With this, coastal communities are given necessary attention to, for
they are prone to possible destructive natural hazards like storm surges,
tornadoes, and tsunamis. This makes them one of the most affected
calamities have long been a part of the lives of people. Most notorious of
these calamities were the 1990 Luzon earthquake and the 2009 super
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typhoon Pepeng. Both claimed many lives and affected many people. In
Dagupan City, the reason for this is because Dagupan City is in between
two active faults: the Manila Trench in the West Philippine Sea, just 100
kilometers away from Dagupan City, and the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ)
to the east. Storm surges and floods also frequent the city especially the
typhoons passing through the country. Dagupan City is also just a meter
above sea level so even with light rains or even high tides higher than one
meter causes flooding in most areas near water bodies. With these non-
anticipation of the “The Big One”. The Big One is an earthquake that is
Fault and the Manila Trench that may cause an 8.3 magnitude earthquake
would generate a 7 to 8-meter high Tsunami that will engulf the whole city
from the coastal barangays, up to 11 kilometers inland. Mr. Chua said that
“After the initial major earthquake, the City Disaster Risk Reduction
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brochures are being printed and disseminated throughout the city most
was defined as the ability of the brochures to increase the knowledge and
perception of people regarding the natural hazards and how they can
give the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office information that
they can use in the development of better and more effective information,
Conceptual Framework
result of their choices according to what they know and what situation they
are put into. The knowledge and wisdom people has directly affects any
decisions they make all throughout their lives. In this study, the protective
research study.
(Lindell & Perry, 2012). It can be understood from this model how people
are the sender and the receiver of the message?; What is the message?;
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Receivers on the other hand should have the comprehension and open-
that they have acquired from social and environmental cues and
perception, and the protective action perception, that serve as basis in the
them more susceptible to risks or will make them more resistant to them.
Figure 1. The protective action decision model (Lindell & Perry, 2012)
Contributing Theories
first three steps (Steps 1, 2, & 3) represent the diagnostic stage of the
community and build trusting relationships with the local people to get vital
them.
that includes the next three steps (Steps 4, 5, and 6) of the process. In this
activities according to the data acquired during the diagnostic stage of the
practitioner will find out if they are in the right track or needs to adjust
objectives have already been achieved and which are still to be worked
on. They will also recognize the problems they have encountered during
the process and what solutions they have come up with to solve these
stage of the process. The practitioner will also evaluate the results of
every activity in the process and write down annotations and observations
together assess the outcome of all the preceding stages and will now
refocus the problems and solutions identified at the start of the process. If
9. Monitoring, 5. Identifying
evaluating, and appropriate
documenting communication tools
understand the public and how this public engages in Information Seeking
the lack of motivation, low self-esteem, lack of interest and low self-
efficacy (Witte & Allen, 2000). Lastly, level of involvement is the person’s
involvement will then initiate the person take action to that problem.
Together, these three elements will determine how people will process the
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information that they have acquired. They may choose to seek information
but process any information that comes to them (Kim & Grunig, 2011).
make people more interested and involved in managing their risks. It has
to be reiterated that information gives power to the public. This power can
then help them decide in reducing their risks in times of disasters. The
Information
Seeking and
Information
Processing
Figure 3. The situational theory of publics model (Kim & Grunig, 2011)
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audience and how they understand and perceive the message given to
includes their age, sex, highest educational attainment, and barangay that
the researcher the data on how respondents were able to understand the
respondent’s perception that gave the researcher the data on how the
analysis.
after disasters.
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a. Sex;
b. Age;
d. Barangay?
Office brochures?
Illustrations used)?
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METHODOLOGY
Research Design
investigator collects and analyzes data, integrates the findings, and draws
2008). The research designs that were used in the study accurately
methods, the researcher did not only collect numerical data but also
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located North-West of the City of Dagupan facing the West Philippine Sea
Figure 5. The map also shows the boundaries of each barangay and how
they are separated from each other. All three barangays include a coastal
few kilometers away from the coastline. The choice of the coastal
barangays are the most vulnerable during natural hazards that frequent
Figure 5. Map of Dagupan City where arrows indicate the location of the
three coastal barangays of Dagupan City (Google Maps, 2018)
be said that in this study, one household was equated to one family. The
Binloc has 2,003 households; Bonuan Boquig on the other hand has 2,892
1 + (z2 x p(1-p)
e2 N
20
Where:
With this formula, the researcher was able to get the sample size of
371 households for all the three coastal barangays. To confirm this value,
and Research companies called Survey Monkey and The Survey System
Table 1.
order to attain the objectives of the study. The criteria for the selection of
respondents are as follows: (1) head of the family, it can be the mother,
Filipino and/or English; and (4) a coastal barangay resident. The criteria
disaster. This will ensure the reliability and validity of the data coming from
the respondents.
total of 30 participants for all three coastal barangays. The sample size
was essentially taken from the Rule of Thumb wherein in-depth interviews
should have approximately 30 participants that should last for not more
guideline recognized in getting the sample size is from Green (2009) and
process that could be improved on (Nastasi et al., 2004). The criteria for
interviewing participants were the same as the criteria set for the
Statement of the Problem. The questionnaire has three parts and was
written in both English and Filipino. The first part necessitated the profile
The second and the third part of the questionnaire made use of a
four-point Likert scale (rating scale) where the respondents were able to
more precise, the second part (Statement of the Problem 3) was about the
Understood, Not understood) was used for this part of the questionnaire. A
separate Likert scale was used for the third part (Statement of the
the reliability and validity of the data, the questionnaire had undergone
devised for the study. For the quantitative part of the research, upon
the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office. The brochures that
inform the audience about what a tsunami is, what causes it, and its
natural signs. It also informs the audience what to do before, during, and
educate people about earthquakes and how it will affect them. The
brochure also instructs the audience what to do before, during, and after
people about the causes of flooding in Dagupan and how vulnerable the
floods are also indicated. This was developed and produced by the
CRRMO.
for first aid, hygiene, food, medicine, sleeping and survival. This was
After giving the respondent some time with the materials, the
the criteria set in the sampling technique used. The researcher informed
the participants that they would be video and audio recorded for
The video and audio recording as well as the transcription of the interview
collected.
The qualitative part of the study utilized the Interview. The interview
video and audio recorded, transcribed and was analyzed and interpreted
using Discourse Analysis. The video and audio recording as well as the
Treatment of Data
statistical tools. The first part of the questionnaire was analyzed using the
percentage formula.
The second part and the third part of the questionnaire were
mean is below:
wm = w1x1+w2x2+w3x3+w4x4
N
Where:
wm = weighted mean
w = frequency
x = weight of response
descriptive values are used to match the four-point likert scale. Also, the
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two or more means (Lane, n.d.). The researcher used Microsoft Excel to
gathered in the study. The findings were based from the data obtained
analysis and interpretation of the data sought to answer the questions set
by the researcher.
63%) while the rest were male (27 or 37%). In Barangay Boquig on the
the respondents were female while 77 or 39% were male. Lastly, with the
Legend: F = Frequency
% = Percentage
coastal barangays are women. These results are totally different with the
figures given by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA, 2017) on the total
exposed to disaster risks and have higher rates of mortality, morbidity, and
Included in this table are the age ranges that the respondents belong to
across all three barangays. The age ranges were determined with the
intervals of eight. In Bonuan Binloc, it is clear that the age range with the
49 with 15 or 21% and age range 26 – 33 with 14 or 19%. The age range
belong to the age group 66 and above. Bonuan Boquig is the only
Legend: F = Frequency
% = Percentage
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or 22%. The respondents aged 66 and up have the lowest frequency with
10 or 5%. Lastly, for the total respondents of all three barangays, the age
ranges that have the highest frequencies are 42 – 49, 50 – 57, and 34 –
has the lowest frequency within all three barangays is 66 and up with only
15 or just 4%.
adults. Respondents in this age group are heads of their families that are
able to decide on any safety concerns of their family. This also means that
the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction, older people are often
preventable and unequal loss of life. They are often overlooked even with
discrimination, and high poverty levels in older people. Even though older
vocational course finisher. In Bonuan Gueset on the other hand, just like
the previous two barangays, the respondents that acquired the highest
frequency were High School level that is followed by College level with 71
Legend: F = Frequency
% = Percentage
E = Elementary
EG = Elementary graduate
HS = High School Level
HSG = High School Graduate
C = College Level
CG = College Graduate
NFE = No Formal Education
VC = Vocational Course
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the respondents that have the most frequency is High School level with
137 or 37%; followed by College level with 104 or 28%. Next are High
attain a High School and Tertiary level education which implies that
majority of the respondents are literate and were able to read the
brochures presented them. However even with these results, it is still very
noticeable that there are respondents that were only able to attain primary
education and even some that have never attended any formal education.
(2017), it was found out that there are more High School graduates and
College graduates than those that are High School and College
literacy rate in the population. This means that with more people that are
the Philippines, 95.6% are basically literate (PSA, 2011). To broaden the
involve the children and the youth in any decision-making process that will
affect their future. This measure is also supported by the United Nations
believe that students of all ages can have an active participation, with
teachers and other adults, in minimizing the risks before, during, and after
disasters. Schools can teach children life skills that in turn they can impart
with their own communities. Through this, children will become more
table indicates which of the four brochures the respondents have been
previously exposed to. These four brochures are the Tsunami brochure,
with 38 or 53%, and the 72-hour emergency kit brochure with 26 or 36%.
In Bonuan Boquig, the brochure with the highest frequency is the Flood
46% and Tsunami brochure with 89 or 45%. Looking at the results of the
data obtained from the total respondents, it can be seen that Flood and
typhoon brochures acquired the most frequency with 204 or 55%. This is
followed by the Earthquake and Tsunami brochure both with 167 or 45%,
Legend: F = Frequency
% = Percentage
The results suggest that out of the 371 total respondents, 204 or
brochure that emerged as the most exposed brochure out of the four. On
the other hand, only 45% of the total population was previously exposed to
that there is still needed work in the dissemination of all four brochures
all four of the brochures but they might not also been exposed to any of
them.
by respondents saying that they have not seen any of the brochures with
19 or 27%. Next are respondents that have seen at least two of the
Bonuan Boquig, a large part of the respondents said that they have not
that have seen all four of the safety brochures. Twenty-four (24)
respondents or 24% on the other hand said that they have just seen one
of the brochures while 17 or 17% said they have seen at least two
brochures while not far behind with 73 or 37% are respondents that have
said that they have just seen two of the brochures while 21 or 10% have
seen only one. Only 1 respondent or 1% said that they have seen at least
Legend: F = Frequency
% = Percentage
Across all three barangays, respondents that have seen all four of
the disaster risk reduction brochures acquired the highest frequency with
124 or 33%. The respondents who have not seen any of the four
brochures are 123 or 33%. Sixty-two (62) respondents or 17% said that
they have only seen two of the brochures while 51 or 14 percent just saw
one. The respondents that have seen three of the brochures acquired the
The results imply that 248 or 67% of the 371 total respondents are
exposed to at least one of the brochures while 123 or 33% have not been
were exposed to all four brochures, while 25% were exposed to two
have never seen any of the brochures. There are also respondents that
have seen some of the safety preparedness brochures but not all of them.
This also implies that there were areas in the barangays that have not
to information about safety and risk reduction is vital for we are dealing
awareness and public education for this can empower normal people
newspaper.
43%. This is then followed by radio with 14 or 14% and both CDRRMO
Legend: F = Frequency;
% = Percentage
or 21%, seminars with 27 or 14% and both brochure and seminar with 18
and 3 or 2%, respectively. The results from the total respondents are
noticeably similar with the results in each barangay with television getting
the highest frequency with 169 or 46%, CDRRMO brochures with 141 or
CDRRMO brochures and radio on the other hand are also considerable
results also suggest that the respondents are not very familiar with the
also represent a very small section of the total population. The use of the
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Internet and newspapers are also good sources of safety information but
Authority (PSA, 2013) showed that 81% of the Filipinos are most exposed
to television that simply means that four in every five Filipinos watch
60.7%, 60.6%, and 45% respectively. In the study of Zhang et al. (2014)
not just a good source of information but also has a higher information
coverage with the highest degree of trust. It was also suggested in this
influence to people and that they have the capacity to tell the audience
what messages are important and what are not. The media may not
always be effective in telling people what to think but they are always
Gratification Theory (Katz & Blumler, 1974) on the other hand gives the
power to the audience. That people have the ability to choose which
mediums and messages are appropriate for them that will gratify their own
reassures with their own ideas, beliefs, and opinions. Uses and
Gratification Theory and Selective Exposure Theory both suggest that the
audience has more control in the selection of messages than the media.
brochure. The brochure contains five messages about tsunami and how
people could prepare for it. Also in the table are the weighted means of
with a mean of 3.32, and fifth message ‘Hotline numbers that should be
message ‘Safety precautions in case there are signs of tsunami’ with 3.25
weighted means of 3.39, 3.32, 3.39, 3.41, and 3.28, respectively. The
have acquired weighted means of 3.36, 3.17, 3.18, 3.22, and, 3.17 that
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Understood’ while messages two, three, four, and five acquired weighted
means of 3.17, 3.18, 3.22, and 3.17, respectively. The results indicate that
the overall weighted mean of the total respondents from all three
The results imply that the respondents only “understood” the signs
preparedness and safety which are not provided in the brochures. This
Residents of the said coastal barangays have only witnessed high waves
brought about by storms, but not tsunamis that result from storm surge or
The brochure contains five messages about earthquake and how people
means of 3.33, 3.36, 3.36, 3.35, and 3.33, respectively. These results
Understood’. The earlier results are similar with Bonuan Boquig, where
messages one, two, three, four, and five have also been interpreted as
“Fully Understood’ with weighted means of 3.48, 3.44, 3.50, 3.51, and
and five have weighted means within the ‘Fully Understood’ scale
interval specifically 3.43, 3.35, 3.28, 3.47, and 3.38 respectively. The
means of 3.42, 3.37, 3.36, 3.46, and 3.39 respectively.These have been
weighted mean of the total respondents from all three barangays is 3.40
It can be inferred from the results that the residents of the coastal
implies that the respondents have a full grasp of the messages in the
also contributed to this since earthquakes are one of the most common
and typhoon including ways to prepare for them. Also in the table are the
flood?’, and ‘What to do after the storm?’ have weighted means of 3.40,
3.32, 3.33, and 3.35, respectively. These results have been interpreted as
second, third, and fourth messages have also been interpreted as ‘Fully
and 3.51. The overall weighted mean of Bonuan Boquig is 3.48 or ‘Fully
Understood’.
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have gotten weighted means of 3.41, 3.43, 3.51, and 3.42 that can be
Gueset is 3.44 or ‘Fully Understood’. Not far from the results in each
barangay, the results of the total respondents have also been interpreted
flood?’, and ‘What to do after the storm?’ having weighted means of 3.41,
3.42, 3.47, and 3.43, respectively.The results indicate that the overall
weighted mean of the total respondents from all three barangays is 3.43
and have been interpreted as ‘Fully Understood’. This implies that the
respondents have fully understood all four messages in the Flood and
The brochure includes the eight emergency kits families should prepare to
be ready for any future natural hazards. Also, in the table are the weighted
mean of 3.50 while ‘Medicine kit’ has gotten a mean of 3.53. ‘Food kit’ on
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other hand has a weighted mean of 3.50 as ‘Hygiene kit’ got 3.43.
Moreover, ‘Baby kit’ has a weighted mean of 3.40, ‘Survival kit’ with 3.44,
‘Sleeping kit’ with 3.42, and ‘General kit’ with 3.49. These results have
have also garnered weighted means that are within the ‘Fully Understood’
scale interval specifically 3.63, 3.68, 3.65, 3.56, 3.47, 3.48, 3.58, and 3.60,
‘First aid kit’, ‘Medicine kit’, ‘Food kit’, and ‘Hygiene kit’ acquired weighted
means of 3.44, 3.48, 3.58, and 3.46, respectively and have been
‘Baby kit’ has obtained a weighted mean of 3.18 and have been
interpreted as ‘Understood’. The next three kits, ‘Survival kit’, ‘Sleeping kit’
and ‘General kit’ have again acquired weighted means of 3.42, 3.39, and
overall weighted mean of Bonuan Gueset is 3.44 and has been interpreted
as ‘Fully Understood’. Lastly, for the results of the total respondents from
all three barangays, the ‘First aid kit’ got a weighted mean of 3.50 while
‘Medicine kit’ has a weighted mean of 3.54. ‘Food kit’ obtained a weighted
mean of 3.58 while ‘Hygiene kit’ has a weighted mean of 3.48. Moreover,
“Baby kit’ has a weighted mean of 3.30 while ‘Survival kit’, ‘Sleeping kit’,
and ‘General kit’ have 3.44 weighted means of 3.44, 3.44, and 3.56,
respectively.
The results indicate that the overall weighted mean of the total
respondents from all three barangays is 3.48 and have been interpreted
kit brochure.
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Although the theory also gave emphasis that having high threat perception
hand, Ray (1973) also explained in his learning model that cognitive
of information, retention, and finally action. The model then implies that for
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(Lindell & Perry, 2012), which was previously discussed in this research.
statements about text size, colors used, and illustrations were also
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disagree with these statements that will provide the researcher with their
the tsunami preparedness brochure. Also in the table are the weighted
Bonuan Binloc, the statements under content, ‘Messages about safety are
are relevant to you and your safety’ have a mean of 3.35, and ‘Conveyed
safety messages are easily recalled’ with 3.31. These results have been
acquired a weighted mean of 3.19 while ‘Words used are simple and
from afar’, ‘Colors used are pleasant to the eyes’, and ‘Illustrations make
the messages more comprehensible’ all have weighted means of 3.21 and
statements one, two, and three under content have weighted means of
3.47, 3.47, and 3.44 respectively. These results have been interpreted as
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mean of 3.36 while statement two have a mean of 3.46; both have an
and three under content have been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’ with
statement two has a mean of 3.22 or ‘Agree’, and statement three has a
overall weighted mean of Bonuan Gueset is 3.32 and has been interpreted
as ‘Strongly Agree’. For the results of the total respondents in all three
relevant to you and your safety’ have a mean of 3.47, and ‘Conveyed
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safety messages are easily recalled’ with 3.37. These results have been
obtained a weighted mean of 3.34 while ‘Words used are simple and
‘Texts are readable even from afar’ has a weighted mean of 3.15 and
mean of 3.25. Lastly, the statement ‘Illustrations make the messages more
as ‘Strongly Agree’.
The results imply that the respondents have a very good perception
brochure more specifically the choice in language and words used in the
wherein two of the statements have been interpreted as ‘Agree’ while the
other one has been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. Finally, the results
imply that the total respondents have a very good perception on the
shows that the brochures have to be improved. It can be inferred that the
Bonuan Binloc, the statement under content, ‘Messages about safety are
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conveyed are relevant to you and your safety’ have a weighted mean of
3.18 while ‘Words used are simple and understandable’ have a mean of
appeal, statements ‘Texts are readable even from afar’, ‘Colors used are
have weighted means of 3.51, 3.54, and 3.49, respectively. These results
statement one has a weighted mean of 3.39 while statement two have a
statement two has a weighted mean of 3.19; both have been interpreted
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and three under content have been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’ with
weighted means of 3.47, 3.53, and 3.50, respectively. On the other hand,
‘Agree”, statement two has a mean of 3.14 or ‘Agree’, and statement three
The overall weighted mean of Bonuan Gueset is 3.34 and has been
conveyed are relevant to you and your safety’ have a mean of 3.48, and
‘Conveyed safety messages are easily recalled’ with 3.44. These results
appeal, statement ‘Texts are readable even from afar’ has a weighted
mean of 3.06 and have been interpreted as ‘Agree’. The statement ‘Colors
used are pleasant to the eyes’ also have an interpretation of ‘Agree’ with a
The results imply that the respondents have a very good perception
terms of the clarity, relevance and recall of the different safety messages
brochure more specifically the choice in language and words used in the
wherein two of the statements have been interpreted as ‘Agree’ while the
other one has been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. Finally, the results
imply that the total respondents have a very good perception on the
The results presented in the table show similar results as with the
(Shaw, 2003).
The next two tables will still be on the presentation of data gathered
descriptive value.
the Flood and typhoon preparedness brochure. Also in the table are the
safety are clearly understood’ have a weighted mean of 3.31 and have
relevant to you and your safety’ have a weighted mean of 3.18 and have
acquired a weighted mean of 3.13 while ‘Words used are simple and
even from afar’, ‘Colors used are pleasant to the eyes’, and ‘Illustrations
3.08, 3.17, and 3.22, respectively, and interpreted as ‘Agree’. The overall
Bonuan Boquig, statements one, two, and three under content have the
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weighted means of 3.66, 3.47, and 3.56, respectively. These results have
one has a weighted mean of 3.45 while statement two have a mean of
appeal, statement one has a weighted mean of 3.15 while statement two
Bonuan Gueset, the results of statements one, two, and three under
statement two has a mean of 3.17 or ‘Agree’, and statement three has a
overall weighted mean of Bonuan Gueset is 3.30 and has been interpreted
as ‘Strongly Agree’. For the results of the total respondents in all three
relevant to you and your safety’ have a mean of 3.42, and ‘Conveyed
safety messages are easily recalled’ with 3.40. These results have been
obtained a weighted mean of 3.30 while ‘Words used are simple and
‘Texts are readable even from afar’ has a weighted mean of 3.03 and
mean of 3.18. Lastly, the statement ‘Illustrations make the messages more
as ‘Strongly Agree’.
The results imply that the respondents have a very good perception
means of the total respondents wherein all statements under content have
been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. The results also suggest that the
brochure more specifically the choice in language and words used in the
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wherein two of the statements have been interpreted as ‘Agree’ while the
other one has been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. Finally, the results
imply that the total respondents have a very good perception on the
The results presented in the table are consistent with the other
inferred from the overall responses that sizes of the texts and color
the 72-hour emergency kit preparedness brochure. Also in the table are
and your safety’ and ‘Conveyed safety messages are easily recalled’ have
weighted means of 3.11, 3.15, and 3.22, respectively and have been
acquired a weighted mean of 3.19 while ‘Words used are simple and
readable even from afar’, ‘Colors used are pleasant to the eyes’, and
means of 3.10, 3.07, and 3.22, respectively. These results have been
have weighted means of 3.57, 3.50, and 3.43, respectively. These results
statement one has a weighted mean of 3.39 while statement two have a
statement two has a weighted mean of 3.41, and statement three has a
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Agree’. The overall weighted mean of Bonuan Boquig is 3.45 and has
results of statements one, two, and three under content have been
3.19 while statement two has a weighted mean of 3.25; both have been
Agree’. For the results of the total respondents in all three barangays,
and your safety’ have a mean of 3.43, and ‘Conveyed safety messages
are easily recalled’ with 3.40. These results have been interpreted as
acquired a weighted mean of 3.33 while ‘Words used are simple and
‘Texts are readable even from afar’ has a weighted mean of 3.21 and
The results imply that the respondents have a very good perception
means of the total respondents wherein all statements under content have
been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. The results also suggest that the
brochure more specifically the choice in language and words used in the
wherein only one statement has been interpreted as ‘Agree’ while the
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other two have been interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. Finally, the results
imply that the total respondents have a very good perception on the
(10) participants per barangay. Questions were asked about how the
Gueset:
answer was that there are no disadvantages for having such brochures.
For the participants, these brochures do not cause fear or panic to the
readers.
that they perceive all the components of the brochures as positive, there
were also answers that are more specific. For content, one of the more
the brochures.
usual answers were about the size of the texts and the use of illustrations
like pictures or drawings that are helpful for people who are unlearned or
Okay naman, kasi bawat topic may mga pictures. Kasi kung
for example ‘yong mga hindi familiar sa mga gano’ng
pangalan so at least dito may pangalan with pictures. (It is
quite okay because every topic has pictures. Because for
example, people who are not familiar with those names
[terminologies], at least here, there are names
accompanying the pictures.)
answers from the participants is that they do not see any negative
qualities about the brochures or any aspect that needed improvement on.
Despite this, there were participants who were able to express their
Another concern about the Flood and typhoon brochure is its text. A
Other negative attributes that were raised were about the four
Aside from these, there were also concerns about the participants’
concerns:
And:
are satisfied with the brochures presented to them. Although some raised
He added:
In the latter part of the interview, the researcher asked about what
brochures. The most common response was about how they had gaps in
their knowledge about disaster risk reduction and how the safety
preparedness brochures helped them fill that gap. Another is how they will
statement:
Lastly, the researcher asked about how the participants, with their
realizations, will now plan for themselves and for their family in preparation
specific answer, that they would be applying what they have learned from
kapag mabasa ito maboboring sila. (I for one read it. But not
everyone in my family read it. What I can do is to read it to
them, narrate it so it will not be boring. Most people who will
read this will be bored.)
Gueset about how important it is to plan with the family and talk about
He simply said:
acceptable, the language simple, the text readable and the overall layout
(Pennisi, 2011).
campaign depends on how the messages are packaged together with the
messages that people can identify with and learn from. Another theory that
should have the capacity to generate this stimulus that will evoke change
that will prompt people into a process of change. Lastly, according to the
novelty, movement, color, intensity and other formal features that are
could utilize in improving aspects of the brochure that will help in the
participants when they were asked if they have any suggestions is that
they have none. However, there were participants who willingly offered
their suggestions.
just producing one brochure that contains all of the information that are in
He added:
some of the brochures like the consequences in case people will fail to act
Yung mga effects kung hindi sila sumunod dun sa, yung
possibility kung hindi sila sumunod sa mga preparations na
sina suggest nila. (The effects if they will not follow, the
94
And:
Presentational Appeal
the brochures in terms of texts, colors, and illustrations. For the text, it
Mas maganda kung simple text na lang ang gagawin. (It will
be better if they will use simple text).
suggested that the texts would be more readable if the background is plain
white.
Illustrations
Seminars about tsunami kasi sabi nga hindi natin alam kung
kailan ang sakuna, only God knows. (Seminars about
tsunami, because as they say we do not know when disasters
will happen, only God knows.)
is for the CDRRMO to conduct not only seminars but also simulations of
communication materials.
analysis tool then generated the ‘P-value’ that determined if there were
be said that the data analyzed were from the total number of respondents
profile. Their profile was categorized into sex, age, educational attainment
respectively.
100
0.0016, 3.9E-10, and 8.3E-77. Moreover, the results obtained from the
9E-215, 0.007, 8.2E-09, and 8.7E-78, respectively. Lastly, the results have
profile. The P-values results were less than 0.05 specifically, 1.4E-228,
disaster preparedness materials. Most men are out of the houses for work
while women often stay at home. With this, the women in the coastal
However, it was also stressed that women contribute more in disaster risk
shows that the middle adult and the adult group (34-21 and 42- 49) of the
which focuses on the role of youth and adults in climate change and
affected by natural disasters that could have been preventable loss of life.
brochures. Further, they can also critic better the content of the brochures.
disaster risk reduction because it ensures the increase of the literacy rate
in the population. This means that with more people that are literate, it will
involve the children and the youth in any decision-making process that will
affect their future. This measure is also supported by the United Nations
believe that students of all ages can have an active participation, with
teachers and other adults, in minimizing the risks before, during, and after
disasters. Schools can teach children life skills that in turn they can impart
with their own communities. Through this, children will become more
each person’s identity and understanding of the world thus the importance
Summary
identify the profile of the respondents in terms of their sex, age, highest
respondents are female with a frequency of 236 or 64% while the males
High School level with a frequency of 137 or 37% while following are
respondents who were able to reach College level with 104 or 28%. Lastly
102 from Bonuan Boquig, and 197 from Bonuan Gueset for a total of 371
respondents.
been previously exposed to all four CDRRMO brochures with 124 or 33%
however almost the same number of respondents has never seen any of
the brochures with 123 or 33%. Moreover, the brochure that the
respondents are most exposed to is the Flood and typhoon brochure with
weighted mean 3.32. On the other hand the perception of the respondents
researcher. One of the questions asked to the participants was about what
prepare for natural disasters. They also do not see any disadvantages in
concern about the reality that these natural disasters will possibly happen.
Further in the interview, participants were asked to point out the positive
participants also mentioned the use of readable text and illustrations that
can be helpful for people who are unlearned and unfamiliar with some
terminologies. When the participants were asked about what they see are
none. Still, some of the participants were able to give their insights about
the negative attributes of the brochure. One negative attribute pointed out
108
participant also identified that some pictures are unclear. Another said the
colors made it difficult for her to read them. Also, some participants
participants were asked if they are satisfied with the brochures and most
participants said that they were. When asked if there were changes before
and after reading the brochures, most participants said that there were
interview, the participants were asked what they have realized after
reading the brochures, the most common response was that they realized
that they had gaps in their knowledge that the brochures were able to fill
up. Lastly, for the participants’ future plans, the most common answer is
that they will discuss and apply what they have learned from the
response by the participants when they were asked if they have any
109
suggestions is that they have none. One of the most common suggestions
cohesive brochure by stapling all four brochures into one or just producing
one brochure that contains all of the information that are in all four
in some of the brochures like the consequences in case people will fail to
use simpler typeface. For the color combination on the other hand,
another participant suggested that the texts would be more readable if the
were not really about the improvement of the CDRMMO brochures but are
that will cater to the younger audiences. There were also suggestions to
use the seminar for different purposes. One is to further explain what was
some of the emergency kits listed in the 72-hour emergency kit brochure.
Lastly, for the CDRRMO to conduct not only seminars but also simulations
different brochures and their demographic profile. The results showed that
Conclusions
are women. In terms of age, the results imply that majority of the
respondents are middle adults that are heads of the family that can decide
the researcher can conclude that majority of the respondents are literate
and educated that enables them to read and understand the information
although there is a large portion of the respondents that are exposed to all
four brochures, there are still a sizeable number of respondents that have
never seen any of the brochures. It can also be concluded that there are
areas in the barangays that have not been saturated by the safety
follows.
concluded that the reason why the Tsunami preparedness brochure has a
to tsunami.
respondents have a very good perception on all four brochures not only on
disaster preparedness. However, the researcher found out that there are
Recommendations
motivate people.
the brochures and to conduct more seminars to more areas in the coastal
through the use of brochures especially in areas where this current study
residents. Also, for the CDRRMO to have the contents of the brochures
PHIVOLCS.
seminars that will explain the importance and implications of disaster risk
barangay residents.
among the residents of the coastal barangays, the CDRRMO still needs to
appeal and durability. This includes changing of the materials used in the
that will help the CDRRMO in customizing information for the different
demographic profiles.
116
LITERATURE CITED
APPENDIX A
Name: ______________________________
Age: ____
Sex: ____
Highest Educational Attainment___________
Barangay____________
(Put a check):
a) Tsunami Family Disaster Preparedness Brochure _____
b) Earthquake Family Disaster Preparedness Brochure _____
c) Flood & Typhoon Family Disaster Preparedness Brochure _____
d) 72-Hour Emergency Kit Brochure _____
4 – Fully Understood
3 – Understood
2 – Moderately Understood
1 - Not Understood
127
4. Please rate how much you agree or disagree with the following
statements:
4 – Strongly Agree
3 – Agree
2 – Disagree
1 - Strongly Disagree
Pangalan : ______________________________
Edad: ____
Kasarian: ____
Pinakamataas na Antas na : ___________
Barangay : ____________
4 – Lubos na naunawaan
3 – Naunawaan
2 – Katamtamang Naunawaan
1 - Hindi Naunawaan
131
4 – Lubos na sumasang-ayon
3 – Sumasang-ayon
2 – Hindi Sumasang-ayon
1 – Matindi ang hindi pagsang-ayon
B. Kaangkupan 1 2 3 4
1. Ang mas nais na wika ang siyang ginamit sa polyeto
2. Ang mga salitang ginamit ay payak at madaling
maunawaan
C. Pangkahalatang Kaayusan
1. Ang mga teksto ay madaling basahin kahit na malayuan
2. Ang kulay na gamit ay kaaya-aya sa paningin
3. Ang mga mensahe ay madaling maunawaan gamit ang
mga larawang guhit
POLYETO TUNGKOL SA PAGHAHANDA SA PAGBAHA
AT BAGYO 1 2 3 4
A. Nilalaman
1. Ang mga mensahe tungkol sa kaligtasan ay malinaw na
naunawaan
2. Ang mga mensaheng naihatid ay mahalaga sa iyo at sa
iyong kaligtasan
3. Ang mga naihatid na mensaheng pangkaligtasan ay
madaling alalahanin
B. Kaangkupan
1. Ang mas nais na wika ang siyang ginamit sa polyeto
2. Ang mga salitang ginamit ay payak at madaling
maunawaan
C. Pangkahalatang Kaayusan
1. Ang mga teksto ay madaling basahin kahit na malayuan
2. Ang kulay na gamit ay kaaya-aya sa paningin
3. Ang mga mensahe ay madaling maunawaan gamit ang
mga larawang guhit
POLYETO TUNGKOL SA 72-HOUR EMERGENCY KIT
A. Nilalaman
1. Ang mga mensahe tungkol sa kaligtasan ay malinaw na
naunawaan
2. Ang mga mensaheng naihatid ay mahalaga sa iyo at sa
iyong kaligtasan
3. Ang mga naihatid na mensaheng pangkaligtasan ay
madaling alalahanin
B. Kaangkupan
134
APPENDIX B
9. What are the things you have realized with the knowledge you have
about disaster risk reduction?
10. With your realizations, what plans do you have for yourself and
your family in preparation for upcoming disasters?
136
10. Ano-ano ang iyong mga plano para sa iyong sarili at iyong pamilya
sa paghahanda para sa mga parating na sakuna?
137
APPENDIX C
Transcript of Interviews
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 1
R: Kamusta po kayo nung recent bagyo na Ompong?
P1: Itong bagyong last, medyo natakot kami kasi nga ang sabi super
typhoon. Pasalamat na lang kasi hindi tayo gaanong napinsala.
Nagkaproblema lang tayo kasi konting ulan, lumalalim ang Dagupan.
R: Iyong naexperience nyo po, hangin lang or maraming tubig?
P1: Hangin.
R: Hindi naman po nagbabaha sa area?
P1: Ito, recently lang.
R: So, nagbaha po dito? Pero usually nababaha po dito?
P1: Hindi
R: So recently, ito lang?
P1: Ito lang po.
R: Hanggang saan po?
P1: Hanggang dito sa binti.
R: Ah mataas din po. Iyong susunod po na questions po ay according po
dito sa mga brochures. Do you think po merong advantages ang
pagkakaroon ng mga brochures o reading material?
P1: Meron. Napaka-advantage. Kasi dati, sa T.V konti lang malalaman mo
kasi more on commercial na, madalang. Pero ‘pag dito, mababasa mo
lahat.
R: Kompleto lahat.
P1: Oo kompleto.
R: Meron syang disadvantage?
P1: Wala siyang disadvantage.
R: Do you think ito ay hindi nagko-cause ng alarm sa mga tao?
P1: Siguro, hindi parehas. Pero parang ano kasi…
138
PARTICIPANT 2
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
R: Bahala na ganon?
P2 Bahala na. Magisa ko dyan, di ko kaya umakyat.
R: Ah okay po. Ano po advantage ng brochure o magandang naidudulot nito
o kaya benefits?
P2 Marami siguro. Magagawan mo ng paraan yong darating.
R: Nagko-cause ba ng alarm sa tao dahil may ganito? Nagko-cause ng
panic?
P2 Sa akin hindi naman ako nagpapanic.
R: Mas nagiging prepared kayo? Mas marami pa kayong nakukuhang
kaalaman sa paghanda?
P2 Oo naman.
R: Dun po sa physical na itsura o nilalaman, okay naman po ba? Ano po
yong magagandang aspeto yong mga brochures ng munisipyo natin?
Naiintindihan po ba ang salita, maganda naman po yong mga kulay,
tama po ba yong mga pictures na ginamit, ano po sa tingin nyo?
P2 Oo, tama. Sinadya ko talaga bumili ng battery dahil kapag nawalailaw,
dun ako nakikinig ng radio para sa update.
R: You think okay naman po yong hitsura? Nainform naman po kayo about
dun sa specific natural disaster prepareness brochure?
P2 Tama naman yon.
R: Kompleto naman po yong sinasabi nya? Eh yong pagkakasulat, yong
lingwaheng ginamit, okay naman po yong tagalog?
P2 Oo, lalong mas maganda kapag Pangasinan.
R: Dito po, kompleto, naintindihan?
P2 Naintindihan din.
R: Do you think may negative o panget po sa brochure nila?
P2 Wala, tamang tama lang. Satisfied sa itsura. Nainform ako.
R: Any suggestions po?
P2 Wala na ako maisip kasi andito na lahat nilalaman.
R: Do you think ready po kayo dahil sa knowledge dyan?
P2 Kasi lahat ng sinabi sa balita sa radio, itong brochure sinabi lahat.
Maganda ang pagkakapaliwanag.
R: Nung nabasa po yong brochure may nabago po ba like dumagdag na sa
kaalaman po natin?
P2 Oo, kasi naririnig lang sa radio saka sa TV. Mas nareinforce.
R: Ano po narealize nyo sa knowledge nyo regarding sa pagprepare?
P2 Tulad ng nangyari sa Pangasinan, di gaanong malakas. Samantalang sa
141
PARTICIPANT 3
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
hindi sila maboring. Kasi karamihan kapag mabasa ito maboboring sila.
R: With regards to preparation po kaya, ano po yong mga plano nating
gawin para sa inyo at saka para sa pamilya nyo na rin?
P3 Mas magprepare, mas maghahanda siguro. Hindi lang sa bagyo.
R: Anong klaseng preparations po kaya?
P3 Hindi lang sa bagyo. Sa lahat na lang kasi dito puro bagyo lang. Eh ang
calamity pala eh may tsunami, earthquake.
R: Sa tsunami kaya, anong plano natin gawin dyan if ever?
P3 So kailangan hindi lang isang bag. Mga dalawa o tatlo ang kailangan
nating iprepare na ngayon. Kasi kapag earthquake, hindi pwedeng nasa
bahay lang no. Kailangan naka ano tayo, kunyari malalaki yong
babagsak at babagsak satin pwede na talaga tayong lumikas. Saka
parating nakatutok sa radio.
R: Familiar po tayo sa mga Evacuation Centers?
P3 Dito naman hindi gaanong siksikan
R: Ilang Evacuation Center po meron tayo dito?
P3 Isa lang po.
R: Isa lang talaga, for the whole Binloc po yon?
P3 Oo. Malaki ang pwede I-accommodate ng Evacuation Center dito.
R: Sa tsunami kaya, pano kaya?
P3 Sa tsunami kasi wala. Ang meron dito yong sirena lang. Pag tumunog
yon, panic lahat ng mga tao.
R: Alam po natin kung anong plano kaya, kung mangyari yon?
P3 Zero dito lahat ng mga tao.
R: You think enough yong ginagawa ng munisipyo para mainform yong mga
tao?
P3 Hindi pa. Hindi pa siguro. Kasi ang alam talaga ng mga tao dito, bagyo
lang. Bagyo and then earthquake--yan hindi pa nila masyadong alam
kung ano gagawin nila.
R: Kasi kung naiexperience nila dun lang sila makakaconcentrate?
P3 Mmm, dun lang sila nakaconcentrate.
R: So more on information designation po tayo sa ibang disasters katulad
ng tsunami, tsaka ng earthquake. Okay salamat po.
144
PARTICIPANT 4
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P4 Opo maganda.
R: Ano naman po yong panget na nakikita nyo sa brochure?
P Wala naman ako nakikita. Maganda naman lahat. Maganda rin itsura.
R: May kulang po ba? May sobra?
P4: Wala. Tama na po
R Masasabi po natin na satisfied kayo dun sa brochure?
P4: Opo
R: Mayroon po kayo maisasuggest dun sa brochure nila?
P4: Yong iba sana Pangasinan din para maintindihan ng makabasa. Yon lang.
R: So sana may pangasinan para sa pangasinan speaker, tagalog para sa
nakakaintindi ng tagalog?
P4: Opo.
R: Nung nabasa nyo po sya, may improvement po ba dun sa pagkakaintindi
natin sa disaster tsaka sa paghahanda? Nadagdagan po ba? Ano po yong
nadagdag na information na nalaman nyo dahil sa brochure?
P4: Nadagdagan kaalaman namin kapag may baha, bagyo, tsunami, earthquake,
ganun.
R: Ano po yong gagawin nyo kapag nagkaroon uli ng disaster? Ano po dyan
yong maaari nyong gawin?
P4: Halimbawa pag may dumating na bagyo o baha, mageevacuate sa
eskwelahan o sa malaking bahay para kapag may baha, hindi maapektuhan
ng baha.
R: Yong mga kits po. Magpeprepare ba tayo ng kits, ng gamot nyo? Medicine
Kit?
P4: Oo ah, mga gamot. Halimbawa highblood ka.
R: Eh pano po kung walang pharmacy?
P4: Parating maghanda ganun.
R: Ano po yong narealize nyo sa knowledge na meron kayo? Anong narealize
nyo sa pagkakaalam nyo kung paano magprepare? Ano yong mga narealize
nyo?
P4: Kailangan magprepare.
R: Ano yong plano nyo gawin no walay bagyo, Tsunami, antoy gawaen yo ey?
P4: Man ibakwit.
R: Amay pamilya nyo ey?
P4: Dala dala natin.
R: Anta yo no iner kayo ula?
P4: Dyad evacuation center. Singa atan ay bahay na malaki. Dyan kami
146
PARTICIPANT 5
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 6
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P6: Yes po, sa earthquake meron tayong dock, cover and hold sa school
ginagawa siya pero hindi siya masiyadong pinapahalagahan ng mga tao
at matapos kong makita at mabasa ‘tong brochure nalaman ko
napakaimportante gawin ang dock, cover and hold.
R: With the things that you realize and the knowledge na meron kayo
P6: We need to prepare ourselves, hindi natin alam kung saan
magmumula ang pangyayaring ganito.
R: Preparation po talaga, so meron po ba kayong mga plano and enough
information sa paghahanda para sa sarili at sa pamilya natin?
P6: Sa tsunami na mangyayari parang sa case na ito kailangan mong
maghanap ng mataas na lugar para po maging safe ka kasi kapag sinabi
nating tsunami water po siya.
R: Lalo na po ‘yong sinasabi nilang ‘The Big One’
P6: Oo, mahirap po talaga kapag tsunami.
R: Base po sa naging interview ko sa head ng CDRRMO, parang sinabi
po nila na they have only 15-30 minutes to evacuate everybody lalo na po
dito sa coastal barangay.
P6: Kung ano po ‘yong sinabi ng barangay, sumunod na lang po kasi alam
po nila ang mas nakakabuti.
R: Everybody is aware naman po ba kung saan evacuation center.
P6: Opo, pero dito po kasi parang maaabot pa din kaya kailangan dapat
mas malayo.
R: Yun lamang po Ma’am, thank you po.
PARTICIPANT 7
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 8
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 9
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
155
PARTICIPANT 10
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 11
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P11: Yung mga plano ko na, eto eto, yung mga nangyaring eto. Bagyo,
mag evacuate ganyan. Yung mga preparedness ko na, alam mo ba yun?
Walang mababago kasi nandito na. Kaya lang nadagdagan.
R: Ano pa kaya yung mga dahil nakuha niyo diyan, gagawin niyo na?
P11: Ay, yung mga kwan, gaya nung mga medicine kit, hindi ko
napaghandaan yan, mga flashlight. Sakin wala pa yun noon eh. Kasi dito
samin, kwan lang eh, nangyari na noon. Nung nineteen, yung malakas na
lindol.
R: 1990 po.
P11: Nangyari na yon. Kaya may aral na sa akin. Yung karagdagan, yung
mga ganun, yung mga dadalhin mo kung mag eevacuate ka. Yung mga
medicine, flashlight.
R: Eh, yung sa baha naman po?
P11: Sa baha, sanay na sanay na kami sa baha.
R: Kasi laging meron?
P11: Pamilya nalang yung kwan eh, ang iniisip ko diyan kasi pag baha,
mapag kukuhanan ng isda yung mga palaisdaan namin, mga ganun.
R: Yung sa earthquake po kaya?
P11: Yan sa earthquake, medyo alanganin tayo diyan kasi hindi alam
kung kelan darating.
R: Ano kaya yung mga nabagong plano niyo? Dahil meron, nabasa niyo
siya, gagawin niyo na pag meron ng ano.
P11: Safety mostly, mga.
R: Pag eevacuate.
P11: Sa pag eevacuate. Mga hindi ka dapat pumunta sa mga silong silong
ng puno.
R: Yung may mga babagsak sa iyo.
P11: Yun lang.
R: Sa Tsunami naman po kaya. Ano kayang paghahanda yung gagawin
natin.
P11: Sa Tsunami?
R: Malapit lang po kasi tayo sa dagat.
P11: Wala. Pero pag nagkaroon ng tsunami.
R: Hindi ba sila nag sasabi na mag prepare kayo?
P11: Ah, meron. Karamihan diyan kasi pag may tsunami, lilindol muna,
tsaka Tsunami. Pero nag bibigay din ng abiso yung kwan. Lalo na kung
malakas, pero bihira pa yung lindol sa atin.
163
PARTICIPANT 12
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P12: Ahm, cyempre pag may brochure ka, andito naman na yung mga
precautions, mga ano. So ano reminded ka na. Kunyari nandun ka na sa
scenario na mag ano ka. Meron ka na mahahanap agad.
R: Ano kaya yung mga positive attribute ng brochure with regards dun sa
physical appearance? So basically you are satisfied sa mga brochures?
P12: Ahm okay naman, wala namang masama sa paningin.
R: May suggetions ka kaya? Sa munisipyo tungkol sa brochures na gusto
mong gawin nila?
P12: Ano, siguro maglagay nalang sila ng kumbaga sa certain place,
ilagay nila yung mga evacuation center kasi hindi lahat kapag anjan na
yung disaster matataranta pa sila, hindi alam yung pupuntahan nila ,
makikisilong pa sila. Diba mas maganda kapag yung alam nila kung saan
yung pupuntahan nilang evacuation center sa mga barangay nila.
R: Ahm, nung nabasa mo yung mga brochures, meron bang differences,
or changes dun sa understanding mo nung natural disaster tsaka ng
preparedness doon sa understanding mo. May changes ba? yung
knowledge mo before tsaka yung knowledge mo ngayon ?
P12: Yung mga info’s na nandito mas lalo pa niyang napalawak yung
kaalaman ko.
R: Specifically saan jan?
P12:: Yung mga ito, yung tsunami, mga lindol, kung ano yung mga yon.
R: Eh yung sa mga preparations? Dati familiar ba sa mga preparations? or
may nagbago
P12: Eto, yung sa preparations, mas pinalawak niya yung kaalaman ko.
R: Anong parte jan kaya? Yung parang ngayon mo lang natutunan?
P2: Yung sa medicine kit. Kasi hindi lahat may medicine kit. Kasi kapag
nasa actual ka na matataranta ka na.
R: Yung sa tsunami kaya? Meron ka bang parang ngayon mo lang
nabasa? Or wala naman. Familiar ka ba sa big one?
P12: Wala naman na, alam ko naman na lahat yung doon. Naririnig ko na
yun. Nabasa ko pa nga yan sa isang article eh.
R: Ahm yung sa iba pa? basically most of them wala na. yung sa big one
alam na natin yon, pero hindi jan sa brochure no? ahm, anong mga
narealize mo with the knowledge that you have na naggaling jan?
P12: Narealize ko, kailangan dapat maging prepared ka pa lalo. Tsaka
dapat wag kang kabahan.
R: Kasi kapag ready ka hindi ka na kailangang kabahan diba? Panic .
165
P12: Oo. Kasi yun ang kalaban mo. Once na nagpanic ka hindi mo na
alam kung anon a ang gagawin mo.
R: With those realizations, ano ba yung mga plano mo na ngayong gawin
dahil nabasa mo siya, nag earn ka ng knowledge, nagkaroon ka ng
realizations. Ano nang gagawin mo? What are your plans kaya para sa
mga upcoming, though hindi naman natin inaasahan. Ano kaya yung mga
changes sa mga plano natin?
P12: Ah, sabi nga hindi alam kung kelan maghihit ng disaster. So ngayon,
mas advance na kaming mag isip. Meron ng nakaimbak, although kahit
walang typhoon or ano, meron na agad para hindi ka na mag rush.
R: eh yung sa preparations ng bahay, mga ganyan?
P12: Ano, sinesecure na.
R: Nagkakaroon ba kayo ng parang meeting? Or wala pa namang ganong
klaseng conversation? Pag ganito, dito tayo magkikita ganyan. Pag
nagkahiwa-hiwalay, may mga ganoon eh.
P12: Wala pan naman, pero yung casual na conversation lang na dapat
lahat tayo may flashlight ganoon. Para kapag may ano man, mas okay.
R: Pero dahil nabasa mo yan, are you planning to extend pa yung mga
preparations niyo?
P12: Oo naman, wala namang problema kung gagawin mo kung ano yung
makakabuti sa iyo at sa pamilya mo.
R: Ano kaya yung mga gagawin niyo pa? What do you think na feeling
mo magagawa mo jan sa nabasa mo?
P12: Siguro yung sa 72 hour kit. Syempre kunwari nasa point ka na
andoon ka na sa scenario, kung hindi mo man magawa or hindi mo man
maisama yung mga emergency kit, atleast meron kang nagawa na
preparation para sa situation na yon.
R: So yun lang, salamat.
PARTICIPANT 13
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P13: Ok lang sir, kasi medyo mahangin pero hindi namn ganun ka ano.
R: Malakas ulan?
P13: Hangin.
R: Hangin lang talaga. Prior to that, may ginawa ba kayong preparations
or ano kasi nga diba super typhoon yun?
P13: Sa amin.
R: May preparations?
P13: Ayun, yung mga ano, bumili ng goods baka cyempre sarado yung
mga ibang tindahan, yun lang, Medyo ano naman kasi may pader kami
dito kaya yung hangin hindi masyado.
R: Ibabalik ko lang ulit itong brochure kasi diyan manggagaling yung mga
questions ko. What do you think are the advantages ng mga brochures?
P13: Siguro for the people para maging aware sila. Kung ano man yung
mangyaring disaster, alam nila kung ano gagawin nila kasi nabasa nila
yung brochure.
R: Yun lang kaya yung advantage niya?
P13: Para ano, yun nga in case na any of the disaster yung mangyari,
alam nila yung gagawin nila.
R: Para prepared sila?
P13: Yes, for the preparation. Preparedness.
R: Do you think merong ano, disadvantages so kung ano nag cacause ba
ng alarm or ng panic ang pag kakaroon ng ganyan. Yang mga brochures
na yan.
P13: Wala sir. Kasi ano, for the safety ng mga tao para may kaalaman
sila, hindi sila. In case na mangyari yun, hindi sila nasa point na mag
papanic or ganun pag nangyari na siya.
R: What do you think are the positive attributes nung mga brochures na
yan? Ano ba yung maganda sa kanila? Madali lang ba yung mga pagkaka
explain? Physically or yung sa content.
P13: Maganda kasi, in the first page nandun yung meaning nung disaster
tapos yung kung saan siya nandun yung meaning tapos kung ano yung
gagawin before ng disaster at after ng disaster. Ang kung ano yung mga
dapat mong iprepare before the disaster.
R: So, complete naman. Do you think it’s complete?
P13: Yes, even the hotline there is.
R: How about yung physical aspects naman nung brochure. Ano kaya
yung positive?
167
P13: Maganda kasi hindi siya masyado ganun kalaki yung ganung
brochure na yung malaki talaga, na parang libro.
R: Tama lang yung size, okay.
P13: Yes sir, usually gusto naman ng mga tao yung ganito, mas madali
siyang tignan.
R: Yung text kaya?
P13: Ok lang din, malaki. Madaling basahin.
R: Yung words na ginamit?
P13: Yes sir, madali lang intindihin.
R: May mga negative ka bang nakita dun sa mga brochure? Ano kaya yun
negative?
P13: Wala sir kasi yung dito, even words. Pag hindi mo naintindihan ang
words, merong pictures, meron silang nilagay na, what do you call this,
even clipart?
R: Illustration.
P13: Para mas madali siyang maintindihan.
R: Do you think there are further improvements na kailangan doon sa
brochure?
P13: Ako as I read this, okay na ako. I don’t need, I am not demanding for
any improvements. Kasi okay na siya, nandun na lahat nung details na
kailangan malaman ng tao. Nandtio na lahat.
R: Satisfied ka ibig sabihin dun sa mga brochure na binibigay ng
munisipyo sa atin?
P13: Yes.
R: Is this the first time that you’ve read it?
P13: Yes sir.
R: As in never mo pang na encounter?
P13: Yes sir, pero yung mga seminars meron naman silang seminars na
pinoprovide.
R: Seminar ng CDRRMO? Nakaka attend ka?
P13: Kasi ano, SK Official kami.
R: Sinagot mo rin doon sa survey?
P13: Yes sir, seminar.
R: Sa TV at radio narinig mo narin yung mga paghahanda?
P13: Meron.
168
PARTICIPANT 14
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
Participant 14: Oo
R: Kamusta po kayo nung bagyo?
P14: Aligaga, yung isip. Kasi yun nga sa sobrang hangin. Hindi mo alam
kung mag luluto ka o hindi. Kasi nga iniisip mo yung naperwisyo sa bahay.
R: Ilang araw po yung bagyo?
P14: Nag umpisa lang ng hapon, hapon ng Sabado.
R: Nag prepare kayo?
P14: Oo. Nag tali ng bubong, ganun. Nag ready ng papeles.
R: Ibabalik ko lang po itong mga brochures tapos mag tatanong lang po
ako tungkol diyan sa mga nabasa niyo. Ano po ba yung mga advantages
o benebisyo ng mga ganyang klaseng brochures?
P14: Dito kami nakaka pulot ng aral pag may parating na bagyo. Yung
mga pwede naming itabi pag susunod na bagyo ganun.
R: Tingin niyo ba may mga di magandang dulot ito?
P14: Wala. Maganda itong mga binigay mo.
R: Ano naman po sa tingin niyo yung mga magagandang attributes niya?
Magandang characteristics nila.
P14: Yung mga tungkol sa kit, importanteng yan lahat.
R: Sa ibang mga brochures po kaya?
P14: Ito rin, pag may cell phone ka, ganyan.
R: Yung sa may Tsunami po?
P14: Hindi naming nararanasan yung mga yan.
R: Maganda naman po kaya yung pag kakapresent nung messages.
P14: Wala naman mali, maganda naman lahat. Kasi at least may
nababasa itong mga ganito.
R: Malinaw naman.
P14: Oo malinaw. Kasi pabor din sa amin itong may nababasa kami.
Nakakapulot kami ng aral.
R: May mga negative po ba kayong o hindi kayong nakikita sa mga
brochures?
P14: Wala naman.
R: Kahit sa anong parte ng mga brochure?
P14: Wala.
R: Saan po kaya dito sa apat na brochure na ito ang kailangn pa ng
improvement pa. Meron pa kayang dapat iimprove.
P14: Yung mga dito ay sa mga nababaha kasi diyan ako namamalengke.
R: Satisfied naman po kayo?
170
P14: Oo, pero pag malakas ang hangin. Diyan kami sa kapit bahay.
Natutulog kami diyan ng isang gabi. Yung mga importanteng ano ililipat
na.
R: Damit?
P14: Unang una yung mga bata.
PARTICIPANT 15
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P15: Damit.
R: Pag nagpapalano po ba, lagi ba natin isinasang alang yung mga bata?
P15: Oo naman po.
R: I think okay na po. Salamat po.
PARTICIPANT 16
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 17
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P17: Siguro kung ang nagbabasa senior citizens pero kung hindi naman
okay nap o yung ganito, normal size lang.
R: Ano po yung mga napansin natin sa brochure na kailangan pang i-
improve?
P17: Wala naman sir, kumpleto naman po sya.
R: Satisfied naman po tayo?
P17: Minsan napapansin ko lang na negative eh hindi binabasa ng iba.
R: Bakit po kaya?
P17: Kasi siguro busy sila. Dati na rin kasi akong nagbibigay ng ganito.
Minsan tinatapon lang nila.
R: Ah so hindi po sa kanila mahalaga yung preparation or yung topic.
P17: Siguro yung iba natatakot.
R: Any suggestions po for the municipal government to improve?
P17: Ano po sir yung pag-iinform po ng sakuna late.
R: Ahh eh yung mga brochure po paano maiimprove?
P17: Okay naman sya sir. Siguro yung sa text lang, simple lang dapat.
R: Nung nabasa niyo po ba sya nadagdagan po ba kaalaman niyo?
P17: Mas nadagdagan po sir kumpara nung hindi ko pa nabasa.
R: Ano po yung mga nadagdag?
P17: Paano maging handa kapag nagkaroon ng earthquake. Nung
nabasa ko marami pa lang dapat gawin, hind ilang basta basta.
R: May narealize po ba kayo pagkatapos niyong magbasa?
P17: Marami akong narealize. Kailangang maging ready in case na
magkaroon ng ganitong mga sakuna. Tapos sabayan po natin ng dasal.
R: Dahil informed na po tayo, do you think may changes po sa mga plano
natin? Kung sakaling may calamities na dumating?
P17: Plano kop o na iinform din po ibang taong.
R: Sa family po ninyo, yung plano nyo po sa family niyo, sa sarili niyo po
in case may ganitong calamities.
P17: Plano kop o na iinform ko rin po sila. Iinform ko sila sa mga nabasa
ko sa brochure. Kasi mahalaga rin ang communication eh. Mapag-usapan
ng family para in case na dumating alam ang gagawin ng bawat isa at
makakapagtulungan.
R: Okay po, maraming salamat po.
177
PARTICIPANT 18
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P18: Oo sa mga bahay bahay. Kasi different din yung sa school. At yung
mga anak naman di naman nila sinasabi kung ano yung alam nila sa
school wala namang pakialam yang mga bata na yan. Yun lang siguro.
R: Nung nabasa niyo po yung mga brochures, may changes po ba sa
understanding natin sa paghahanda?
P18: Meron kasi iba naman yung sa alam mo sa nababasa mo. Kapag
alam mo akala mo yun lang pero pag may binasa ka na ganitong mga
brochures ah eto pa pala. May karadagdagang kaalaman, yung safety at
preacautions.
R: With the knowledge na na-gain natin dun sa mga brochures, ano kaya
yung mga realizations na nakuha natin regarding sa paghahanda?
P18: Narealize ko na, ako siguro number one is isafe mo muna pamilya
mo yung sarili mo tapos wag masyadong magpanic tapos dapat bago pa
man dumating paghandaan mo na kasi hindi mo alam kung gano kalaki
yung epekto nung sakuna.
R: With the realizations that you have ma’am meron po ba kayong
gagawin na sa ating buhay sa ating pamilya na preparations?
P18: Actually nung may nagtext na or nagannounce na, naghanda na
kami. Nagprepare na kami ng kit, yung mga mahalagang gamit like birth
certificate nakaayos na, pati yung mga papeles at yung mga damit namin
kasi malapit kami sa dagat. Tsaka number one yung prayer at syempre
yung pagkain, gamot.
R: Sa apat po na yan saan po dyan yung nasabi nyo na may ganito pala
kailangan kong magprepare?
P18: Siguro dito sa 72 hour emergency kit. Kasi hindi naman lahat tayo
makakapag-afford nito so kailangan talaga nito.
R: Thank you ma’am, yun lang po.
PARTICIPANT 19
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P19: Oo meron, tulad ng pagtali ng bubong para hindi liparin. Tapos mga
gamit nilagay sa safe na lugar.
R: Yung mga next questions ko po regarding na sa brochure. Ano po kaya
sa tingin niyo yung mga advantages ng pagkakaroon ng ganyang
communication materials?
P19: Okay naman, tama naman ito.
R: Ano po kaya yung magandang naidudulot nyan?
P19: Para makaprepara yung mga tao.
R: So mas naiinform po sila?
P19: Oo.
R: May nakikita ba tayong disadvantages nito? Hindi maganda?
Nagcacause po ba sya ng panic?
P19: Hindi naman.
R: Sa brochures ma’am ano po ba yung positive attributes nila, ano po
yung magandang nakikita?
P19: Maganda kasi nainform na agad yung tao.
R: Yung maganda po sa itsura nya ma’am, yung sa language na ginamit,
yung sa itsura nya sa mga pictures.
P19: Maganda. Maganda naman sya. Pag makikita sya ng tao sasabihin
nila ay ganito pala ito. Madaling maintindihan.
R: Klaro naman po yung message?
P19: Klaro naman, maiintindihan naman.
R: May mga nakikita po ba kayong negative sa kanya?
P19: Wala namang negative, puro positive.
R: Wala naman pong negative sa itsura?
P19: Tamang tama lang.
R: May nakita po ba tayong kailangang iimprove sa mga brochure?
P19: Wala naman andito naman na lahat. May kit na, mga paghahanda.
R: So in general po satisfied naman po tayo?
P19: Oo. Satisfied naman.
R: May mga suggestions po ba tayo para mapaganda pa yan?
P19: Wala naman na eh. Okay naman na ito.
R: Nung nabasa po ba natin sya ma’am may changes po ba sa knowledge
natin about preparation?
P19: Kasi noon kulang talaga sa preparation. Ngayon parating pa lang
nakaprepara na.
R: Ano po yung narealize natin with our knowledge sa preparation?
181
PARTICIPANT 20
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P20: Depende sa tao kung maalarm sya. Pero para sa akin okay lang.
R: Kapag nakikita nyo po yung mga brochure ano po yung mga nakikita
nyong maganda?
P20: Maganda naman ito. Kumpleto naman. May tsunami, may lindol.
R: Eh yung nilalaman po kaya sa tingin nyo po kumpleto po ba yung
laman? Marami po ba tayong natututunan doon sa mga nabasa nyo po.
P20: Oo maganda naman.
R: Eh yung lenggwahe po, okay po ban a tagalog kesa sa pangasinan?
P20: Oo okay naman sya, mas okay na tagalog kasi hindi naman ako
nagpapangasinan.
R: So okay po na tagalog yung lenggwahe. Eh yung print po, yung
pagkakasulat, nababasa naman?
P20: Oo okay naman nababasa naman.
R: Eh yung mga pictures po, maliwanag naman po?
P20: Oo okay naman.
R: Naiitindihan naman po natin kahit sa pictures lang no?
P20: Oo kapag may di ka maalala mas maganda na nakikita mo.
R: May nakikita po ba kayong pangit dun po sa mga brochure?
P20: Wala namang pangit, kasi andito naman lahat eh.
R: So in general po satisfied naman po tayo?
P20: Oo satisfied naman.
R: May mga suggestions po ba tayo para maimprove po yung brochures?
P20: Okay na ito. Nandyan naman na lahat.
R: Yung sa pagkakaintindi po natin ng paghahanda may nabago po ba
nung nabasa nyo yan? May natutunan ba tayo?
P20: May nadagdag.
R: May nadagdag po. Ano naman po yung mga nadagdag na hindi nyo pa
po alam bago nyo nabasa mga yan?
P20: Eto yung kapag nagkaroon ng lindol alam mo kung saan ka pupunta.
R: Ano pa po yung nadagdag?
P20: Marami. Mababasa mo naman eh.
R: Ano ano po kaya yun?
P20: Lahat ng mga gagawin. Mga pagkain, mga flashlight. Ano ba itong
72 hour kit?
R: Ah yan po yung iba’t ibang klase na kailangang ipack or mga dapat
ihanda.
P20: Ahh parang yung mga papeles mo itago para di mawala.
183
PARTICIPANT 21
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
R: With your knowledge and realization, ano po kaya ang gagawin nating
mga plano sa mga hindi natin inaasahang mga calamity, sa pamilya at sa
sarili niyo po?
P21: Sa pamilya dapat magkasundo kung saan ang magiging evacuation
center, kung saan sila magtatagpo tagpo and then isa na rin ‘yong mga
dokumento na dapat dalhin, yun lang po.
PARTICIPANT 22
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 23
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 24
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
190
R: May nakita po ba kayong mga negative? Ano po ang mga hindi niyo
naintindihan, gusto niyong tanggalin?
P24: Lahat ay maganda, pero ang preparation katulad nitong 72-hour
emergency kit hindi lahat ng Pilipino sabihin na nating lowest na halos
wala na kakayanan kumbaga ‘yong mga taong isang kahig isang tuka
hindi na sila makakapagprepare ng mga ganyan kaya naman kapag
nagkaroon ng kalamidad halos damit na lang ang dala. Kasi hindi na nila o
wala na talaga silang kakayanan na gawin itong bagay na ito pero kung ito
ay talagang ipapaliwanag siguro naman tayong mga Pilipino o tao
susunod tayo sa mga ito para sa ating kaligtasan.
R: May mga suggestion po ba kayo nang sa gayon ay magkaroon ng
improvement itong mga brochures o mga gusto nating baguhin?
P24: Dito sa binigay mo wala na akong nakitang pagbabago kundi
dagdagan uli. Let’s say pagdating sa baha, para sa tae at ihi ng daga,
dengue and sa mga gamot nakukulangan pa kasi tayo o something.
Talagang hindi natin akalain na ganoon para karami ang magkakaroon ng
sakit dahil sa ihi ng daga, dengue o sa kung ano mang bagay kaya
minsan ang pinakamaganda diyan ay ‘yong preparation. Unang-una ay
ang medicine o pangangailangan ng tao na siyang kalian kaagad ‘yon
sana ang dapat iprepare kaagad maliban sa mga relief o pagkain,
medicine ang dapat na mauna.
R: So gusto niyo pong at least dagdagan ang mga information dito
regarding pa dito sa mga sakit na makukuha sab aha
P24: Kung pwede sana, sabi ko nga sayo kanina gamot talaga ang
problema. Itong mga pinakita mo ay maganda nariyan lahat pero ang
gamot ang laging kulang pagdating. Wala naman tayong problema sa
relief kasi dumadagsa naman, pero pagdating sa gamot ay parang kulang.
Let’s say hanggang ngayon mga anti-rabies and sa leptospirosis ay
parang nawawalan tayo naneneglect. Okay na siya ngayon pero sana
mas maimprove at mas magiging maganda siya.
R: Pero in general po, sa apat po na ito satisfied naman po ba kayo?
P24: Sa apat na pinakita mo satisfied na satisfied ako , sa ating mga
nabasa ukol sa preparation ay napakaganda po nito at maipaliwanag pa
ng husto nang sa ganoon ay masundan at malaman ng mga tao ang
dapat nilang gawin.
192
PARTICIPANT 25
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
193
PARTICIPANT 26
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P26: Oo, maayos maayos, hindi siya gaanong malalim, naiintindihan siya,
madali siyang unawain.
R: Thank you po. May negative po ba kayong nakita?
P26: Wala naman Wala naman akong nakitang negatibo, at least yan ay
magandang halimbawa yan sa mga taong hindi pa gaanong nakakaalam.
R: Yes ma’am. May mga further improvements po ba tayo na kailangang
gawin sa mga pictures? Ano yung mga further improvements dito sa mga
brochures.
P26: Yung improvements yan kasi ay hindi ka na mag kumbaga hindi ka
na, kumbaga tawag dito hindi ka na abala kung ano yung mga dapat
mong tapusin kasi meron ng nakikita dyan.
R: Ma’am yung sa mismong brochure with regards doon sa itsura, sa
content, may gusto ba tayong ipadagdag na impormasyon o ibawas?
P26: Dapat hindi mawala yung emergency vehicle.
R: Saan po dapat nakalagay? Ilalagay po ba siya dito?
P26: Kailangan mailagay din kasi di natin masasabi yung mga iba kasi
may mga hirap sa, hirap, may mga pamilya tayong may kapansanan, yun
po kaya kailangan din na meron tayong mga emergency na dapat
nakalagay na vehicle para sa ganun may mga sakunang ganyan na may
makukuha sila ka-agad, may mahahagilap sila kaagad.
R: May mga suggestions po ba tayo regarding sa mga brochures?
P26: Siguro sa akin, wala na dahil malinaw naman sa akin yung lahat ng
mga sinasabi sa brochure.
R: Noong before niyo po yung nabasa at pagkatapos niyong nabasa, may
changes po ba sa understanding natin regarding sa mga natural
disasters? May mga karagdagang kaalaman po ba tayo doon?
P26: Oo, meron karagdagang kaalam dulot niyan dahil sabi ko, sige
gagawin ko to, nag-isip kasi ako kanina eh tinignan ko yung nasa larawan
sabi ko kitang kita ko, ah ganun kaya sabi ko.
R: Ano yung mga realizations niyo doon sa mga nabasa niyo?
P26: Nabigyan ako ng kakaibang mga techniques kung ano yung dapat
gawin.
R: So, may mga narealized tayo ma’am no? Ano naman po yung mga
gagawin natin, yung mga plano in case na in the future mangyari yung
mga calamities na kinakatakutan natin? May mga naisip po ba tayong
plano na galing dito, na gagawin niyo for you at sa pamilyan niyo? Ano po
kaya yung mga yun?
198
PARTICIPANT 27
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P27: For me, hindi naman kasi awareness ang gusto nating, gusto nating
i-imposed ditto sa pagkakaroon ng pamphlets.
R: Sa mga apat na pong yan, may mga nakita po ba kayong mga positive
attributes niyan? With regards to the content, itsura, sa presentation nung
information?
P27: So, kasi dito sa Dagupan po palagi naman tayong, palagi naman
tayong binabaha, binabagyo. Siguro nakakatulong eto at maganda naman
na nakalagay na dito yung mga kailangan mong gawin, kailangan mong
dalhin. And tagalog kasi siya kaya mas madali lang siyang maintindihan
ng pangkaraniwang tao.
R: Kung sa text po kaya, yung pictures, yung explanations, okay naman
po?
P27: Siguro yung corner lang dito Sir, medyo siguro mas readable na lang
siguro yung ano kasi pag nakashadowing siya, pag may shadowing kasi
siya yung mga bulag medyo hirap na sa mga matatanda medyo
nahihirapan na silang basahin eto. Pero para sa akin hirap ako ditto yung
may ganito, shadow shadow. Mas maganda kung simple text na lang ang
gagawin.
R: Yes po, Yung mga illustrations naman po, okay naman po siya?
P27: Sa illustration, okay naman.
R: Meron po ba tyaong nakikitang hindi maganda naman doon sa
brochure? Hindi magandang characteristics ng brochure.
P27: Hindi maganda? Malalaki naman ang font. So okay lang naman din.
Siguro, okay lang naman. At tsaka meron siyang, meron siyang mga
emergency hotline dito sa loob.
R: Do you think may mga kailangan pang iimprove dyan sa mga
brochures?
P27: Siguro sir yung material na lang. Siguro yung mas, mas kasi pag
nabasa eto mas madali siyang mag light. Siguro yung glossy na lang
siguro na papel.
R: Pero in general po, are you satisfied with the brochures? Okay naman?
P27: Yes sir.
R: Do you have any suggestions po on how to improve? Yung lang po ba
yung gawing glossy yung paper?
P27: Glossy and then yun nga Sir yung sinabi ko nga for the eto siguro
okay tong ganito. Plain lang na text kasi para nga doon sa mga medyo
hirap hindi talaga nila makakayang basahin etong mga ganito na malilit
200
PARTICIPANT 28
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
P28: Oo, yung mga pictures lang kahit di mo mabasa eh alam mo na kung
ano ang ibig sabihin.
R: Ano po ba yung mga kailangan nating i-improve, mga suggestions niyo
po para maimprove?
P28: Para sa akin okay na yan.
R: Noong pagkatapos niyo itong mabasa meron po bang changes sa
pagkakaintindi natin? Ano ba yung mga nalaman natin?
P28: Ang mga sa pagdating ng mga gamut.
R: Ano po yung narealized natin after basahin?
P28: Tama yung sinasabi nung nasa brochure.
R: Ano pong plano natin in the near future?
P28: Maghanda. Laging handa.
R: Sige po. Salamat po.
PARTICIPANT 29
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
PARTICIPANT 30
Before the interview, the researcher first secured the permission of the
participant that the interview will be audio and video recorded.
APPENDIX D
Documentation
DVD
208
APPENDIX E
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Renato Junio Gabriel Jr. was born in Dagupan City and is residing
board rating of 81.60%. In 2015, he was also able to finish his 18 units of