Question # 01:

Rectangular co-ordinates of a point are

( 3,3, -3 3 ) .
a. Convert Rectangular co-ordinates to Spherical co-ordinates
b. Convert Rectangular co-ordinates to Cylindrical co-ordinates.
c. Verify your answer by converting back Rectangular co-ordinates from any one of these,
that is, either from Spherical co-ordinates or Cylindrical co-ordinates.

Solution:

Rectangular co-ordinates ( x, y, z ) to Spherical co-ordinates ( r , q , f )

r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 45

y p
tan q = =1�q =
x 4

z �-3 3 � �
-1 - 3
�
cos f = � f = Cos -1 �
� 45 ��= Cos �
� 5 ��
x2 + y 2 + z 2 � � � �

� p -1 - 3
�
�
� 45, , Cos ( ) �
� 4 5 � �

Rectangular co-ordinates ( x, y, z ) to Cylindrical co-ordinates ( r , q , z )

r = x 2 + y 2 = 18
 y p
tan q = =1�q =
x 4

z = -3 3

� p �
� 18, , -3 3 �
� 4 �

Spherical co-ordinates ( r , q , f ) to Rectangular co-ordinates ( x, y, z )

2 1
x = r Sinf Cos q = 45. . =3
5 2

2 1
y = r Sinf Sin q = 45. . =3
5 2

- 3
z = r Cos f = 45 . = -3 3
5

( 3,3, -3 3 )

Cylindrical co-ordinates ( r , q , z ) to Rectangular co-ordinates ( x, y, z )

p 1
x = r cos q = 18.Cos = 18. = 9 =3
4 2

1
y = r sin q = 18 . =3
2

z = z = -3 3
 Rectangular Spherical Cylindrical

Co-ordinates Co-ordinates Co-ordinates

( 3,3, -3 3 ) �
�
� 45, Cos -1 - 3 p
( ),
� �
� �
p �
18, , -3 3 �
� 5 4�� �
4 �

Question # 02:

Describe the set of all points in xyz-coordinate system at which f is continuous.

f ( x, y, z ) = 10 - x y ln z

Solution:

f ( x, y, z ) = 10 - x y ln z

D = {( x, y, z ) : x �10, z > 0}

Question # 03:

x2
lim
( x , y ) �(0,0) 3x 2 + 2 y 2
By considering different path approach, find whether

exist or not.
(Note: In order to get full marks, do all necessary steps)

Solution:

x2
lim
( x , y ) �(0,0) 3 x 2 + 2 y 2

put y = mx
2
x
= lim 2
+ 2m x
2 2
( x , mx ) � ( 0 , 0 ) 3x
2
x
= lim
( x , mx ) � ( 0 , 0 )
2
x (3 + 2 m
2
)
1
=
3 + 2m
2

x2
lim
( x , y ) �(0,0) 3x 2 + 2 y 2
put y = x
x
2
1
= lim 2
=
x �0 5x 5

Since along different paths we have different limits, hence the limit does not exist.
Question # 01 Marks = 10

w w
Use chain rule to find r and f if w = x + y + z where
2 2 2

x = r cos q sin f
y = r cos q cos f
z = r sin q

Solution:

w
To find r , using chain rule, we have

w w x w y w z
= + +
r x r y r z r

Substituting the values, we get

w
= (2 x)(cosq sin f ) + ( 2 y )(cosq cos f ) + ( 2 z )(sin q )
r

Putting the values of x, y and z, it yields

w
= 2r cos 2 q sin 2 f + 2r cos 2 q cos 2 f + 2r sin 2 q
r

= 2r cos 2 q (sin 2 f + cos 2 f ) + sin 2 q
= 2r ( cos 2
q + sin q )
2

= 2r

w
Similarly, for f , using chain rule, we get

�
w � w�x �w�y �w� z
= + +
f �
� f �
x� f �
y� f
z �
Substituting the values, it becomes

�
w
= (2 x)(r cos q cos f ) - (2 y )( r cos q sin f ) + (2 z )(0)
f
�

Putting the values of x and y, it yields

w
= 2r 2 cos 2 q sin f cos f - 2r 2 cos 2 q cos f sin f
f
=0

Question # 02 Marks = 10

Find the equation of tangent plane to the surface z = ln x + y at the point P(-1,0,0) .
2 2

Solution:

The given surface is z = ln x + y which can be written as

2 2

f ( x, y, z ) = ln x 2 + y 2 - z = 0 - - - - - (1)

Taking partial derivatives of eq.(1) with respect to x, y and z, we get

x
fx =
x + y2
2

y
fy = 2
x + y2
f z = -1
At P(-1,0,0), It becomes

f x ( -1,0,0) = -1
f y ( -1,0,0) = 0
f z ( -1,0,0) = -1

The general form of equation of tangent plane is

f x ( x0 , y 0 , z 0 )( x - x 0 ) + f y ( x0 , y 0 , z 0 )( y - y 0 ) + f z ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 )( z - z 0 ) = 0

which becomes

- ( x + 1) + 0( y - 0) - 1( z - 0) = 0
x + z +1 = 0

which is the required equation of tangent plane.

Question # 03 Marks = 05

Find the critical points of the function given as

f ( x, y ) = x 3 - 3 xy - y 3

Solution:
 The given function is f ( x, y ) = x - 3xy - y
3 3

Taking partial derivatives of the given function with respect to x and y, we get

f x = 3x 2 - 3 y
f y = -3 x - 3 y 2

fx = fy = 0
For the critical points, put which yields

x 2 - y = 0  x 2 = y - - - - (1)
- x - y 2 = 0  x = - y 2 - - - - - ( 2)

Substituting eq. (2) in eq. (1), we get

y 4 - y = 0  y ( y 3 - 1) = 0  y = 0, y = 1

Substituting these values of y in eq. (2), we get

x = 0, x = -1.

Thus, the required critical points are (0,0) and (-1,1)

(Note: In order to get full marks, do all necessary steps)

Question No: 1
If f ( x, y ) = x + 2 y - x y , find the local extrema and saddle points of f .
2 2 2

Solution:

f ( x, y ) = x 2 + 2 y 2 - x 2 y
f x = 2 x - 2 xy
f y = 4 y - x2
For critical points
f x = 0 = 2 x - 2 xy � 2 x(1 - y ) = 0 � x = 0 or y = 1
f y = 0 = 4 y - x 2 � x 2 = 4 y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(1)
Using x=0 in (1) we have y=0
(0,0) is critical point.
Using y=1 in (1) we have
x 2 = 4 � x = �2
(2,1) and (-2,1) are critical points.
Now we check on these three critical points for extremum.

f xx = 2 - 2 y
f yy = 4
f xy = -2 x
D = f xx . f yy - [ f xy ]2 = (2 - 2 y )(4) - [-2 x]2
For (0,0) D = f xx . f yy - [ f xy ]2 = 2(4) - 0 = 8 > 0
f xx = 2 > 0
So f is minimum at (0,0).
For (2,1) D = f xx . f yy - [ f xy ]2 = (0)(4) - [-4]2 = -16 < 0
So (2,1) is a saddle point.
For (-2,1) D = f xx . f yy - [ f xy ]2 = (0)(4) - [4]2 = -16 < 0
So (-2,1) is a saddle point.

Question No: 2
 a a2 - x2

Evaluate
��
0 0
( x + y ) dydx ;a>0

Solution:

a a2 - x2
��
0 0
( x + y )dydx
a y 2 a2 - x2
=� ( xy + ) |0 dx
0 2
a a2 - x2
=� (x a - x +
2 2
) dx
0 2
a a
1 1
� -2 x a - x dx + � ( a 2 - x 2 )dx
2 2
=
-2 0 20
1
+1
1 (a - x ) 2 2 2
1 2 x3 a
= 1
a
|
0 + ( a x - ) |0
-2 2
+1 2 3
3 3
1 (a - a ) 2
1 (a - 0)2 2 2 2
1 3 a3
= - + (a - )
-2 3 -2 3 2 3
2 2
3 3 3
a a 2a
=0 + + =
3 3 3

Question No: 3

2p x2 y
Evaluate
� �sin
p 0 x
dydx

Solution:
 2p x2 y
� �sin x dydx
p 0

y
(cos ) 2
2p
=� - x |x dx
p 1 0
x
2p
= � ( x - x cos x)
p
dx
2p 2p
= � p
xdx - � ( x cos x)dx
p
2p
x2 2p 2p
= |
2 p
- [xsinx| p
- �sinx dx]
p

2p p
= - - [xsinx| p2p - (-cosx)| p2p ]
2 2
2p p
= - - [ 2p sin 2p - p sin p +cos 2p -cos p ]
2 2
p
= - 2p sin 2p + p sin p - cos 2p +cos p
2

(Note: In order to get full marks, do all necessary steps)

Question No: 1 Marks =10

Evaluate the following integral by converting it to polar coordinates.

1
�
�1+ x
R
2
+ y2
dA

where R is the sector in the first quadrant bounded by y = 0 and y = x and x + y = 4.

2 2
Solution:

Given integral is

1
�
�1+ x
R
2
+ y2
dA

For conversion to polar coordinates, we have

1 1
x2 + y2 = r 2 � =
1+ x + y
2 2
1+ r2

r ranges from 0 to 2

p
θ ranges from 0 to 4

dA = rdrdq

Thus, the integral in polar coordinates becomes

p
4 2
1
�
� rdrdq
1+ r
0 0
2

Multiplying and dividing by 2

p
4 2
1 2r
�
� drdq
2 1+ r
0 0
2
 p
4
1 2 f ' ( x)
= �
�ln(1 + r 2 ) � dq
2 � �
0 � dx = ln f ( x)
0 [By the rule of integration f ( x) ]

p
4
1
= (ln 5 - ln1)dq
�
2 0
p
4
ln 5
= dq
�
2 0

ln 5 p 4
= q 0
2
ln 5 p
= [ - 0]
2 4
p ln 5
=
8

which is the required answer.

Question No: 2 Marks =10

Find the arc length of the curve

r
r (t ) = (cos3 t )iˆ + (sin 3 t ) ˆj + 2kˆ 0 �t �p
2

Solution:

The given position vector is

r p
r (t ) = (cos3 t )iˆ + (sin 3 t ) ˆj + 2kˆ where 0 �t � 2

In parametric form,
x = cos3 t , y = sin 3 t , z = 2
dx dy dz
� = -3cos 2 t sin t , = 3sin 2 t cos t , =0
dt dt dt

The arc length of the curve is

p 2 2 2
2
�dx � �dy � �dz �
s = �� �+ � �+ � �dt
0 �dt � �dt � �dt �
p
2
= �9 cos t sin 2 t + 9sin 4 t cos 2 t + 0 dt
4

0
p
2
= �9 cos sin 2 t (cos 2 t + sin 2 t ) dt
2

0
p
2
=3�
cos t sin tdt
0
p
3sin 2 t �2
�
=� �
� 2 � 0

3� 2p �
= sin
� - sin 2 0 �
2� 2 �
3
=
2

which is the required answer.

(Note: In order to get full marks, do all necessary steps)

Question # 1:
Evaluate the line integral
1
�
( ydx - x dy ), where C is the curve x=t, y= t
2 2

c 2 where 0 �t �2.
Solution:
�
( ydx - x dy )
2

c
2
=�
ydx - x 2 dy
0
2
1
=� [ t 2 - t 2 .t ]dt
0
2
2 2
1 2
= � t dt - � t 3dt
20 0

1 t3 2 t4 2
= . |0 - |0
2 3 4
4
= -4
3
8
=-
3

Question # 2:
� - y )dx + xdy )
2
(( x
Use Green’s theorem to evaluate the integral c , where C is the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 4 and c is oriented counterclockwise.
Solution:
� - y )dx + xdy )
2
(( x
c

Using Green's Theorem.

�P � Q
�
c
Pdx+Qdy = - �
R
�( -
�y � x
)dxdy

�
P �
Q
= -1, =1
�y �x
-�
�(-1 - 1)dA
R

= 2�
�dA R
2p 2
= 2�
�rdrdq
0 0
2p
dq
= 4�
0

= 8p

Question # 3:
If A = ( x - y z )i + ( x + y ) j - x y z k , determine curl of A at the point (1,4,-3).
4 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

Solution:
i j k
� � �
CurlA =
�x �
y � z
x - y2 z2
4
x + y2
2
-x y z
3 3 3

CurlA = -3x3 y 2 z 3 i + (3x 2 y 3 z 3 - 2 y 2 z ) j + (2x+2yz 2 ) k

CurlA = 1296i - 5088 j + 74k at (1, 4, -3)
Question No: 1 Marks =15

Determine a half range cosine series to represent the function given by

f (t ) = 2t + 3 0 < t < 2
f (t ) = f (t + 4)
Solution:

To obtain a cosine series, i.e., a series with no sine term involved, we need an even function.
Therefore, we assume the wave form to be symmetric about y-axis.

Now, to find the expressions for the Fourier coefficient, we have

T /2
4
ao =
T �f (t )dt
0
where T=4 is period of the given function.

4/ 2
4
=
4 �
0
(2t + 3)dt

2
2t 2
= + 3t
2 0

= { (2) 2 + 3(2)} - { (0) 2 + 3(0)}

= 4+6+0
= 10

T /2
4
an =
T �f (t ) cos nwtdt
0
4/2
4
= �(2t + 3) cos nwtdt
4 0

Integrating by parts, we get

2
sin nwt sin nwt
2
an = (2t + 3) -�
2 dt
nw 0 0 nw
2 2
sin nwt 2 (- cos nwt )
= (2t + 3) -
nw 0 nw nw 0

7 sin nw 2 2
= + 2 2  cos nw 2 - 1
nw nw
 2p p
w= =
Since, T 2

Therefore,

7 sin np 2
an = + 2 2  cos np - 1
nw nw
sin np = 0,
�1 (n is even)
cos np = �
�-1 (n is odd)

So,

�0 (n is even)
�
an = � -4
� (n is odd)
�n 2w 2

Thus,

ao �
f (t ) = + S an cos nwt
2 n =1
4 � 1 1 �
= 5- 2 � cos wt + cos 3wt + K �
w � 9 25

which is the required fourier series.

Question No: 2 Marks =15

Verify Stokes’ theorem for a hemisphere S defined as x + y + z = 9 ( z �0) where a

2 2 2

2ˆ ˆ ˆ
vector field F = z i + 2 xj - yk exists over the surface and around its boundary c.

Solution:

Stokes’ theorem states that

�
CurlF .ds = �
S
F .dr
c

(a)
( z iˆ + 2 xjˆ - ykˆ).(idx
�F .dr = �
2 ˆ )
ˆ + ˆjdy + kdz
c c

=�z 2 dx + 2 xdy - ydz

c

For converting it to polar coordinates,

x = r cos q , y = r sin q , z = 0
where r=3 is the radius of the sphere.
x = 3cos q , y = 3sin q , z = 0
dx = -3sin q dq , dy = 3cos q dq , dz = 0
0 �q �2p

Thus, the above integral becomes,

2p
�2(3cosq )(3cos q dq )
0
2p
cos 2 q dq
= 18 �
0
2p
1 + cos 2q
= 18 � dq
0 2
2p 2p
� �
= 9 �� dq + � cos 2q dq �
�0 0 �
2p
sin 2q �
�
= 9q  0 + 9 �
2p

� 2 � �
0

9
= 9(2p - 0) + (sin 4p - sin 0)
2
�F .dr = 18p Eq.(A)
c
(b )
iˆ ˆj kˆ
� � �
curlF =
� x � y �z
z 2
2x - y
= -iˆ + 2 zjˆ + 2kˆ
r
�
curlF .ds = �
s
ˆ
curlF .nds
s

where

�s 2 xiˆ + 2 yjˆ + 2 zkˆ

nˆ = =
�s 4 x2 + 4 y 2 + 4z 2
xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
=
3

So,

ˆ ˆ ˆ
r ˆ + 2 zjˆ + 2kˆ).( xi + yj + zk )ds
�
s
curlF .ds = �
s
( -i
3
1
3�
= (- x + 2 yz + 2 z )ds
s

For converting it to spherical coordinates, we have

x = 3sin f cos q
y = 3sin f sin q
z = 3cos f
ds = 9sin f df dq

So, the above integral becomes,

 r
�
curlF .ds
s

1
{-3sin cos q + 2(3sin f sin q )(3cos f ) + 6 cos f}9sin f df dq
3�
=
s

{-3sin 2 f cos q + 18sin 2 f sin q cos f + 6 cos f sin f}df dq

= 3�
s
2p p / 2 2p p / 2 2p p / 2
= 3��-3sin f cos q df dq + 3 ��
18sin 2 f sin q cos f df dq + 3 ��6 cos f sin f df dq
2

0 0 0 0 0 0

= I1 + I 2 + I 3 Eq.(1)

2p p / 2
I1 = -9 ��sin f cos q df dq
2

0 0
2p p / 2
1 - cos 2f
= -9 � � cos q df dq
0 0 2
2p p /2
f sin 2f �
�
= -9 � � - cos q dq
0 �2 4 � �
0
2p
p sin p �
�
= -9 � � - cos q dq
0 �
4 4 ��
2p
-9p
= cos q dq
�
4 0

-9p
 sin q  0
2p
=
4
-9p
= (0)
4
I1 = 0 Eq.(2)
 2p p / 2
I 2 = 54 ��sin f sin q cos f df dq
2

0 0
2p p /2
sin 3 f �
�
= 54 � � � sin q dq
0 � 3 �
0
2p
54 � p �
= �
�sin 3
sin q dq
- sin 0 �
3 �
0
2 �
2p
sin q dq
= 18 �
0

= -18  cos q  0
2p

= -18  cos 2p - cos 0

= -18(1 - 1) = 0 Eq.(3)

2p p / 2
I 3 = 18 ��cos f sin f df dq
0 0
2p p /2
sin 2 f �
�
= 18 � � 2 � dq
0 � �
0
2p
(1 - 0)dq
=9�
0

= 9 q  0
2p

= 18p Eq.(4)

Substituting the values of eqs.(2), (3), (4) in eq. (1), we get

r
curlF .ds = 18p
� Eq.(B)
s

Hence, from the equality of Eq. (A) and (B), Stokes’ theorem is verified.