FEEDBACK ABOUT THE DISSERTATION

The dissertation need to be modify please follow the points below very carefully

I will attach a file which is an example please read it carefully and use the same way for the
methodology.

Take your time I need it before 1 Nov

LAYOUT OF THE DISSERTATION should be organised in the following format:

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Contents

List of Abbreviations

List of Tables

List of Figures

Introduction and aims and/or objectives

Literature Review
Methodology

Results /Analysis

Discussion

Conclusions and Recommendations

Appendices

Each section should begin on a separate page

1 ABSTRACT

An accurate summary, covering one A4 page and including the aims and scope of the research, the
organisation and content of the Dissertation, methods of investigation, the main findings and
conclusions reached. The abstract should be written in the past tense and in the third person passive,
This concluded that ...”. Please include the total Dissertation word length at the end of the abstract.
2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All people who have helped either in the research or writing up of the Dissertation must be
acknowledged, e.g. supervisor, librarian, interviewees, parents, typist, external assistance, etc.

3 CONTENTS
This should be a tabulated list showing each section of the Dissertation and the page number
at which that section begins. If the sections are subdivided then a numbered entry for each subsection
should also appear in the contents. The chapter and section headings, shown in the contents, should
be short but as informative as possible, rather than sensational.

4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A list of abbreviations is often necessary in a Dissertation for the convenience of the reader. In
addition, when an abbreviation is used for the first time in the text it should be enclosed in brackets
and preceded by the full term, e.g

5 LIST OF TABLES

This should contain the number of each table, its title and the page number on which it appears in the
text. Tables are used to display numbers or facts in a way which allows the reader to glean the requisite
information as easily as possible. They are also used to list non numeric data, often but not exclusively,
for clear comparison. Tables should be numbered consecutively within the Dissertation and the
number and title should be displayed clearly at the top of the table while the source(s) of the data,
where necessary, should be given at the bottom of the table. The table should be accompanied by a
verbal summary in the text which explains and reinforces the points made in the table and is
positioned close enough to the table to allow the reader to check understanding of each point made.

6 LIST OF FIGURES (you should add more and good figures)

This should contain the number of each figure, its title and the page number on which it appears in
the text. Figures may be pie charts, bar charts, histograms, scatter charts, diagrams, maps or
photographs. As with tables they should be numbered consecutively through the text and have the
number and title clearly displayed at the top of the figure and source at the bottom. Again, they should
be integrated as much as possible with the text, that is placed near to the relevant passage and
referred to in the text itself. All figures should be of a good reprographic standard.
7 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH

SOME SENTENCES REPEAT TWO TIME IN THE INTRODUCTION

The introduction should set the scene and be used as a guide to the finished structure of the
Dissertation. It should outline the chosen topic, demonstrate why the topic is interesting and
important, identify the nature and aims or hypotheses of the research, and show how the approach
taken in the study is an advance on previous work. One of the criteria for success is the relationship
between a student’s ability to define a research question and then to answer it. The findings at the
end may be useful and well-supported,

In order to guide a reader through the argument as clearly as possible, it is usual in the introduction
to summarise in turn the purpose and content of each chapter briefly. A diagram which shows the
relationships of the principal phases of the research and the form of the main argument can be useful
to map out the territory and the route before the reader begins. In summary the introduction will set
the context of the study. It answers questions such as: why do this study? Why now? Why me? Why
there? It should seek to answer other questions as follows:-

- Is there a problem?

- What is it?

- Why does it need to be solved?

- What is your hypothesis? (if appropriate).

- Who will benefit from your investigations?

- In what sense will they benefit?

- In what sense will my contributions add to what is already known?

Also in the introduction it is a good idea to state, in general terms, how you are going to solve the
problem, eg. collect data, analyse data. i.e. What is my data collection strategy? By what methods?
eg., a case study approach. What are the constraints or limitations of the study? A good way to end
the introduction is to state the Dissertation objectives and/or aims. However, a statement of the aims
and/or objectives could be placed at the end of the literature review depending on the type of
research undertaken

8 LITERATURE REVIEW
You should start from general and then be specific

For example

1- Economy Development
● Importance
● Developing countries
● trends
2- Sustainability goals
● UN Sustainability
3- Oman Economy
● Oman Development
● Oman Sustainability

4- Oman 2030 sustainable goals

The Literature Review should be related and connected from paragraph to the next paragraph
and mention the author in the each paragraph

9 METHODOLOGY (Please google it or see the example file to find out how should to write it)

This section explains the Research framework: What I did. How did I do it? Why did I do it
that way?
This is a description and evaluation of the methods, techniques and procedures used in the
investigation. It describes the scope and aims of the Dissertation in some detail. It is also very
important that you JUSTIFY the methods used.

Having selected your research method(s) you should also describe how you implemented the
methods(s) and identified the sampling frame, eg , you need to identify at this stage the
statistical techniques you will use for the analysis of the data. This will help you to identify
the types and levels as well as the amount of data you will need to collect, nominal, ordinal,
interval or ratio levels of data. Sampling is a key area. Incorrect selection of samples can lead
to the whole project being flawed.

A- SECONDARY RESEARCH. (Please google it or see the example file to find out how should to
write it)

● The utilisation of existing published data, such as statistical records, Mintel and Keynote
reports, trade magazines, television and radio programmes, newspapers, marketing research
, financial records all of which were initially collected for the purposes of a prior research
study.

To completing such a dissertation need to understand how to complete appropriate analysis of

secondary data, which may include discourse or statistical analysis for example.
B- VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND RESEARCH ETHICS

You will need to discuss in the methodology why the method/s chosen for your Dissertation are valid
and what steps you took to ensure that they are reliable i.e. repeatable by other scholars.

10 RESULTS

The different approaches to a methodology will be reflected in the ways the results are presented.
The results should be presented in a logical fashion, often using tables and figures as described earlier,
to summarise and emphasise the points made. This section is likely to include descriptive data which
you have found in the research process from secondary and tertiary sources. You may prefer to discuss
the meaning of the results as you go along but this would then be a Results and Discussion section.
Make sure you are clear about what you are trying to do and demonstrate this clearly to the reader.
That is you may or may not have a separate Discussion and Analysis chapter in addition to your Results
chapter

11 DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA.

Key points to consider for this section:

● Interpretation of findings.
● What patterns have emerged?
● The difference between your ideas and other people’s
● The difference between the views and various other authors
● Explain how the theory /theoretical framework, that was discussed in the literature
review, underpins your results and discussion and analysis.
● How do the main points you are making change the way you think about the topic?

Statistics play a key role in and achieving valid research results, in terms of measurement, causal
validity and generalisability. Descriptive statistics transform a set of numbers or observations into
indices that describe or characterise the data. Inferential statistics, on the other hand, are used to
make inferences or predictions about the similarity of a sample to the population from which the
sample is drawn. However, to use statistics is not to head off into some strange world of equations
and numbers, but rather to investigate the social world with new tools for describing, explaining and
exploring. The complexity of the social world and its participants can never be captured entirely with
numbers, thus you should use statistics both:

a) responsibly which means considering carefully in each application how to strike the
right balance between numerical summary and verbal discussion.
b) intelligently which means continuing to focus on the role of theory, the goal of validity
and the particular research methods used to generate the numbers for data analysis.
Furthermore, as each statistical test is based on certain specific assumptions about a
relevant pattern and level of probability, it is important that these assumptions are
known and adhered to when using any statistical techniques.

12 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

a) Summary of main findings as a series of statements.

b) Conclusions and directions for further research

c) Recommendations should be paragraphs not only points

In writing your conclusion be sure to:

a) Re-state the general aim of the research and clarify the way the research you have undertaken
related to the hypothesis and the larger issues.

b) Summarise the findings of the research by interpreting the relationships depicted in your
tables and graphs as clearly as possible in words.

c) Relate the finding to the hypothesis or research aims and indicate whether the hypothesis, if
stated, is supported or rejected. Explain the implications for the larger issue by relating the
findings to a broader context and making them more generally relevant.

d) Evaluate the data and acknowledge the limitations of the study by discussing any weakness in
the research design and execution.

e) Make suggestions for future research

A major issue for the conclusions section is to explore if and how the research aims and/or
objectives stated in the Introduction section have been adequately addressed.

It should also be emphasised how important the recommendations flowing from the research are.