Part III – TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

I. SECURITY OF TENURE
a. Constitutional basis
b. What is Security of Tenure
c. Burden of Proof in Termination cases

II. KINDS OF EMPLOYMENT

a. Regular Employment
a.1 Definition
a.2 Test
b. Casual Employment
b.1 Definition
c. Project Employment
c.1 Definition
c.2 Test
c.3 When project employee acquires regular status
d. Fixed-period Employment
d.1 Criteria
d.2 When fixed-period employee may be deemed regular employee
e. Seasonal Employment
e.1 definition
f. Probationary Employment
f.1 Definition
f.2 Purpose of probationaryemployment
f.3 Probationary period
f.4 When deemed regular employee

III. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT

a. By the Employer
a.1 Just Causes
a.1.1 Grounds
a.1.1.1 Serious Misconduct
a.1.1.1.1 Elements
a.1.1.1.2 Instances
a.1.1.1.2.1 Dishonesty /deceit
a.1.1.1.2.2 Fighting / Assault on a Co-Employee a.1.1.1.2.3
Offensive Utterances and gestures a.1.1.1.2.4 Anomalous
Transactions
a.1.1.1.2.5 Extortion
a.1.1.1.2.6 Pilferage / Misappropriationof funds / Non-
remittance of collected fees
a.1.1.1.2.7 Obstinaterefusaltoreformattitude a.1.1.1.2.8
Drug Abuse
a.1.1.1.2.9 Violation of company policy

a.1.1.2 Willful Disobedience

a.1.1.2.1 Elements
 a.1.1.3 Gross and habitual neglect of duties
a.1.1.3.1 Elements
a.1.1.3.2 Instances
a.1.1.3.2.1 Abandonment
a.1.1.3.2.2 Absenteeism and Tardiness a.1.1.3.2.3
Poor Performance / inefficiency a.1.1.3.2.4Negligence /
Carelessness

a.1.1.4 Fraud or willful breach of trust

a.1.1.4.1 Elements

a.1.1.5 Commission of a crime or offense

a.1.1.6 Other analogous cases

a.1.2 Due Process Requirements

a.1.3 Degree of Proof required

a.1.4 Consequences of termination

a.1.4.1 With Just Cause and Due Process
a.1.4.1 Financial Assistance / Separation Pay
a.1.4.2 With Just Cause but no due process
a.1.4.3 Without Just cause
a.1.4.3.1 Reinstatement
a.1.4.3.2 Separation Pay in Lieu of Reinstatement
a.1.4.3.3 Doctrine of Strained Relations
a.1.4.3.4 Backwages
a.1.4.3.5 Damages
a.1.4.3.6 Attorney’s Fees

a.2 Authorized causes

a.2.1 Grounds
a.2.1.1 Installation of labor-saving devices
a.2.1.2 Redundancy
a.2.1.3 Retrenchment
a.2.1.4 Closure or cessation of operation

a.2.2 Due Process Requirements

a.2.3 Consequences of Termination

a.2.3.1 With authorized Cause and Due Process
a.2.3.2 With authorized cause but no due process
a.2.3.3 Without authorized cause

a.3 Disease

a.4 Constructive Dismissal

a.4.1 Definition
a.4.2 Instances
a.4.2.1 Transfer
a.4.2.2 Floating Status
a.4.2.3 Hostile Treatment
 b. By the Employee
b.1 Resignation
b.1.1 Resignation Letter
b.1.1.1 30-day Period Requirement
b.1.1.1.1 Exceptions
b.1.1.2 Purpose of the 30-day period
b.1.1.3 Consequences of Non-Compliances of 30-day period

b.1.2 Effect of Acceptance by Employer

c. Retirement
c.1 Compulsory Retirement
c.2 Optional retirement
c.3 Computation of RetirementBenefits
d. Other Means
d.1 End of Project / Contractual Employment
d.2 Union Security Clause

IV. SUSPENSION OF EMPLOYMENT

a. Preventive Suspension
b. Suspension of Operations