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Name(s): Date: Class:

NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project


Part A: Data Exploration
Set-Up
1. Pull up the CODAP Website at https://codap.concord.org and click the “Try CODAP” tab in the
upper right corner.

2. If you have CODAP pulled up correctly you should be given two options: “Open Document or Browse
Examples” and “Create New Document”. Click the “Open Document or Browse Examples” option to
begin. If your teacher has shared the CODAP file in Google Drive, select the “Google Drive” tab on the
left of the new window, log in, and open the file. If your teacher has shared the CODAP file directly,
click the “Local File” tab and then the dashed box. Then search through your computer for the file your
teacher shared and open it. If you have done this correctly your CODAP page should look like the image
below:

3. Before we begin anything else, let’s make sure that our work will be saved. In the top left of the screen
select the pull down menu. From there you should select the tab that says “save.”

4. You will then be given the option to save as a local file or save to your Google Drive. Select Google drive
and sign into your school account. This will allow your work to be autosaved to the cloud periodically

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NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project

and will allow you to turn in your project electronically when you are done. If you’ve done this correctly
you should see your name and the google drive symbol in the top right corner right next to the American
flag.

5. Explore CODAP for the next 5-10 minutes. Try to get a feel for what each button does and how you
can use it. Make sure to get comfortable with the Graph tool located in the top left. We will be using
this to analyze much of our data. If you need any further help with CODAP, you can go to the CODAP
Help Section at https://codap.concord.org/help/.

6. Once you have a basic handle on how CODAP works, we will move forward by creating a few new
columns that use our current data. To create a new column look at your data chart, you should notice
there is a grey plus located to the right of the header labeled “Cases”. Selecting this grey plus will create
a new column. We will use this column to help us find the volume of each NEO.

7. Before solving for the volume, we must first name the column. We can do this by clicking the new
column’s heading, and selecting “Edit Attribute Properties” from the drop down menu. This will give
you the option to name the column. Under the name subheading write in “NEO Volume” and under the
unit subheading write in “m3 ” (The SI unit for volume). If done correctly, your graph should look like
the image below:

8. Once you have labeled this column, click the heading again and select “Edit Formula”. This will allow
us to use coding to modify this cell. You will notice that you have two subheadings under the formula:
“Insert Value” and “Insert Function”. Work in your groups and use your previous knowledge
of volume to write an equation for the volume of the NEO (Assuming that each NEO is a
perfect sphere). When you have an equation that you think is correct, call your teacher over to confirm
your idea.

9. We will then use the volume column we just made to find the mass of the NEO. We know that the
formula for density is:
m
ρ=
V
where ρ is density, m is mass, and V is volume. Manipulate this equation so that we have a
formula for mass in terms of density and volume. Write down this equation, we will use it soon.

10. After we have solved for this equation, we will be using a new component of CODAP called the
“Slider” Tool. You can find this tool near the top left of the screen, to the right of the “Tables”,
“Graphs”, and “Maps” tool. You may notice that the slider says “v1 = 0.5”. By clicking the “v1 = 0.5”
value we can edit it; we will delete “v1 = 0.5” and replace it with “Density = 1000”. This will now create
a new variable—density—that we can use in our equations. If done correctly, your slider should have
rescaled and will look like the image below:

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NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project

11. Now that we have both the density of the NEO and the volume of the NEO, make a new column
for the mass (kg) of the NEO using the formula you solved for in step 10. (Hint: The steps
are very similar to step 8)

12. Now that we have the mass and velocity of the NEO (as it passes Earth), make a new column
which calculates the kinetic energy of the NEO as it passes by Earth. (Hint: What is the
formula for kinetic energy?)

Data Exploration Problems


Using the “Graph” tool, explore the data to answer the following questions. Record your answers to
these questions for reference later.

1. Is there a relationship/correlation between velocity (V relative) and closest distance to Earth (CA
Distance Minimum)? Why or why not? What does this mean?

2. Compare the diameter (on average) to the kinetic energy? What happens to the kinetic energy as the
diameter increases? Why?

3. Investigate a relationship (or lack of relationship) between two other variables that are not the same
as the ones listed above. Come up with a hypothesis and use your previous physics knowledge to attempt
to describe why the two variables may be related (or unrelated).

Part B: Challenge Analysis - Armageddon


Continuing from the previous data exploration, you must now analyze the potential dangers of these
‘Near-Earth Objects’ by exploring what would happen if they collided with Earth and devising a way to
prevent the NEO from colliding with Earth.

1. If all the meteors are made of iron, find the meteor with the most kinetic energy. How much kinetic
energy does this meteor have? How much momentum does this meteor have?

2. For the next three problems, pretend all these NEOs would have collided with Earth.

a. Find the kinetic energy of all the meteors at their ‘theoretical’ time of impact with Earth.
Warning: the kinetic energy at time of impact may not be the same as the kinetic energy as the
meteor passes by us. You will need to add extra columns with formulas to solve this problem.

b. Which of these meteors would have the most kinetic energy at time of impact? Assuming it’s
made of iron, how much kinetic energy would this meteor have at the time of impact?

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NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project

c. Compare the kinetic energy of the NEOs as they pass Earth with their theoretical kinetic energy
at time of impact. Was it necessary to calculate a new kinetic energy for the time of impact? Why
or why not?

3. For the rest of these problems, you will now analyze potential solutions for preventing the NEOs from
colliding with Earth.

a. You have a magic bullet that has 2.5 m3 volume, that you must shoot at a meteor to protect
the Earth. Pick a material of your choice for the magic bullet and research its density. Use this
information to figure out how fast the magic bullet must be going to reverse the direction of the
meteor giving it a final velocity of 10 km/s and save Earth assuming the collision is inelastic.

b. Would it be reasonable to accelerate the magic bullet to this speed?

c. Good news, the bullet collides elastically, instead of inelastically, with the NEO and sent the
NEO back to space with a speed of 10 km/s. Using the speed of the bullet you found in 4.c.i as the
initial velocity of the bullet, solve for the final speed of the bullet. Is the bullet traveling towards
Earth or away from it? What is the kinetic energy of this bullet after the collision?

d. Which plan for preventing the meteor from hitting Earth is more reasonable?
• Completely canceling out the momentum of the meteor with the magic bullet.
• Deflecting the meteor out of the path of the Earth with the magic bullet.

e. Which plan requires less velocity for the magic bullet and why? Argue by applying principles of
momentum.

f. Repeat parts 3a and 3c, calculate the necessary velocity for the magic bullet to completely cancel
out the momentum of the meteor, for all the meteors in the data. How many meteors could be
completely stopped by the magic bullet? Assume that it is unreasonable to accelerate the magic
bullet to faster than 100,000 m/s.

g. From results to 3f, approximately what percentage of meteors could be completely stopped, rather
than deflected, by the magic bullet?

Part C: Technical Report


To finish this project, you must write a technical report in which you effectively communicate the
problems you solved, the methods by which you solved the problems, and the results to
those problems.

Your technical report must summarize:


• What are the problems you solved during this data exploration and analysis project?
• What are the methods by which you analyzed the data and solved the problems?
• What are the results of your inquiry/analysis?

Your technical report must:


• Reference and discuss the data using appropriate graphs and/or data visuals
• Include thorough explanations of procedures and processes used in analysis
• Discuss relevant physics principles applied in analysis
• Clearly communicate results of the analysis

After you have completed your final technical report, congratulations! You have helped save our planet
from the impending threat of a cataclysmic meteor strike!

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NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project

Rubrics
NEO Meteor Data Analysis Part A: Data Exploration: Rubric

4 3 2 1 0
Discussion of All questions Most questions Some questions Questions are Questions are
Exploration are adequately are adequately are adequately addressed but not addressed.
addressed using addressed us- addressed us- explanation is
logic and evi- ing logic and ing logic and unsupported by
dence from the evidence from evidence from evidence from
data. data. data. data.
Extrapolation All extra vari- Most extra vari- Some extra vari- Few extra vari- Extra variables
from Data ables necessary ables necessary ables necessary ables necessary necessary for
for analysis are for analysis are for analysis are for analysis are analysis are not
predicted and predicted and predicted and predicted and calculated and
added to the added to the added to the added to the do not appear in
data using rel- data using rel- table but pro- table and pro- the analysis.
evant physics evant physics duce incorrect duce incorrect
equations. equations. values due to values due to
incorrect physics incorrect physics
equations. equations.
Graphs / Graphs are com- Graphs are rel- Graphs are rel- All graphs are All graphs are
Data Visu- plete and rele- evant to the evant to the irrelevant to irrelevant to the
vant to the ex- exploration. exploration. the exploration. exploration and
alization ploration. Axes Graphs are miss- Graphs are miss- Axes of graphs are poorly pre-
of the graphs ing one or two ing one or two are properly sented, lacking
are properly la- of the following: of the following: labeled with proper axes la-
beled with units, -Axes labels -Axes labels units, and the bels with units
and the graphs properly labeled properly labeled graphs contain or lacking a rele-
contain relevant with units with units relevant titles. vant title.
titles. Graphs -Relevant title -Relevant title Graphs are neat
are neat and included included and properly
properly repre- -Graph is neat -Graph is neat represent data.
sent data.

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NEO Meteor Data Analysis Project

NEO Meteor Data Analysis Parts B and C: Challenge Problem and Technical Report: Rubric
4 3 2 1 0
Discussion of All questions Most questions Some questions Questions are Questions are
Analysis are adequately are adequately are adequately addressed but not addressed.
addressed using addressed us- addressed us- explanation is
logic and evi- ing logic and ing logic and unsupported by
dence from the evidence from evidence from evidence from
data. Relevant data. Relevant data. Relevant data, or relevant
physics princi- physics princi- physics princi- physics prin-
ples are applied ples are applied ples are applied ciples are not
in discussion. in discussion. in discussion. applied or ap-
plied improperly
in discussion.
Extrapolation All extra vari- Most extra vari- Some extra vari- Few extra vari- Extra variables
from Data ables necessary ables necessary ables necessary ables necessary necessary for
for analysis are for analysis are for analysis are for analysis are analysis are not
predicted and predicted and predicted and predicted and calculated and
added to the added to the added to the added to the do not appear in
data using rel- data using rel- table but pro- table and pro- the analysis.
evant physics evant physics duce incorrect duce incorrect
equations. equations. values due to values due to
incorrect physics incorrect physics
equations. equations.
Graphs / Graphs are com- Graphs are rel- Graphs are rel- Graphs are rel- All graphs are
Data Visu- plete and rele- evant to the evant to the evant to the irrelevant to the
vant to the ex- exploration. exploration. But exploration. But exploration and
alization ploration. Axes Graphs are miss- graphs are miss- graphs are miss- are poorly pre-
of the graphs ing one of the ing two of the ing all of the sented, lacking
are properly la- following: following: following: proper axes la-
beled with units, -Axes labels -Axes labels -Axes labels bels with units
and the graphs properly labeled properly labeled properly labeled or lacking a rele-
contain relevant with units with units with units vant title.
titles. Graphs -Relevant title -Relevant title -Relevant title
are neat and included included included
properly repre- -Graph is neat -Graph is neat -Graph is neat
sent data.
Technical Technical report Technical re- Technical report Technical report Technical report
Writing has no gram- port contains has one of the is two of the has all of the
matical errors few grammati- following: following: following:
and writing is cal errors, but -Contains many -Contains many -Contains many
clear and easy writing is still grammatical grammatical grammatical
to read. Report clear and easy errors errors errors
contains rel- to read. Report -Writing is un- -Writing is un- -Writing is un-
evant graphs contains relevant clear and diffi- clear and diffi- clear and diffi-
and figures with graphs and fig- cult to read cult to read cult to read
captions. ures and/or not -No relevant -No relevant -No relevant
all figures are graphs or figures graphs or figures graphs or figures
given context are included in are included in are included in
with captions. the report the report. the report.

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